KR20040102020A - Air conditioning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates in particular to an air conditioner for controlling air in a room, including an electrical or electronic device that generates heat. The installation is located in a room 1 to regulate air and is located in the housing opening 24 facing the air vents and inlets 33, 34 facing the room 1 and into the wall opening 100 of the room to regulate air. And a combined exhaust air and ambient air plenum (21) having an air outlet (31), an ambient air inlet (32) and an exhaust air fan (41). You are guided to. The facility housing 20 includes, in addition to the control and regulation device 9, all additional devices required to generate and direct the air flow and to treat the air. The air conditioner can be operated economically and optimally all year round with minimal energy consumption, features minimal dimensions and compact construction, while generating, directing and directing the air flow used in the large air conditioners. All the devices required for processing can be integrated. In addition, the equipment can be manufactured at low cost and less time, and is easy to transport and install into the room to control air.

Description

Air Conditioner {AIR CONDITIONING UNIT}

Since the air conditioner is separated into an air conditioner with a ventilation function and an air conditioner without a ventilation function, the air conditioner with the ventilation function has a device that transfers the outside air and introduces the outside air into the area to be controlled. Circulating air conditioners that do not have a ventilation function do not transport or introduce external air. Two types of air conditioners have four thermodynamic air treatment functions: heating, cooling, wetting and moisture removal. The four thermodynamic air treatment functions can be complemented by filtering the air in different filter quality categories, either in single stage or multistage form.

EP 0 294 730 B1 has a valve system with valves that can be controlled independently of one another, as well as inlet and exhaust air vents, condensers, evaporators and heat pipes that can be operated independently of each other for separate inlet and outlet air flows. An air conditioner is provided. The valve is connected to both the external air connection and the extraction air connection to control the air flow according to the external air temperature and the desired air temperature and humidity in the problem area. By mixing the outside air and the extraction air stream on the intake side of the ventilator, it is ensured that only a suitable proportion of air is supplied via the exhaust air inlet or the inlet air vent. By adjusting the return air or the extraction air supplied to the air conditioner on the intake side, the overall efficiency of the air conditioner is improved, thereby allowing the air conditioner to be miniaturized as well as reducing the energy cost and operating cost.

Different cooling systems use different cooling systems to cool the area where the electrical or electronic devices that generate heat are located. The disclosed air conditioner as a separate installation is known as a coolant cooler, in which the coolant is continuously supplied from an externally mounted coolant generator (coolant set) for cooling and wetting. The system requires two devices: an air handler with an air cooler on the one hand and a coolant generator with the cooler on the other hand and a condenser to remove the heat energy generated during the cooling process. In the air conditioner, the heat energy generated during the cooling process is generally not used and is discharged to the atmosphere through the condenser-ventilator.

Unlike an air conditioner with a coolant cooler in which cooling energy is transferred from the cooling means to the coolant via a heat transfer device and an externally mounted coolant generator, a direct evaporation system is used without this conversion. In the direct evaporation system, the cooling means are evaporated directly in the pipe system of the evaporator (air cooler), so that the cooling energy is transferred through the ventilator into the air flow, ie transported into the air conditioner. The system also requires a condenser to remove thermal energy from the cooling process. In addition, these systems are externally mounted side by side with a compressor that also includes a condenser for cooling.

Energy-optimal economic mode that operates reliably for certain climatic conditions because it must operate all year round for air conditioning in areas where heat-generating electrical or electronic devices are located, for example switch mechanisms There is a need for a facility in which operation is provided. Energy-optimal economical mode of operation allows the use of free cooling by any mixture of outside air and extract air and the required cooling system if the climatic conditions do not allow any free cooling, thereby allowing the corresponding external air to It should be ensured that in addition to the rake air stream, the amount of air and temperature required to ensure return cooling of the cooling device is reached.

In addition to the above-mentioned problems, in order to optimize air conditioning in a narrow area in which heat-generating electrical and electronic devices are located, it is not only operating all year round, but also economical in terms of investment, acquisition, transportation and installation. There is a need for smaller air conditioners with very low cost dimensions.

The invention relates, in particular, to an air conditioner for regulating air in a region in which an electrical or electronic device that generates heat is located, in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a small air conditioner fixed to a wall of an area where air is to be controlled;

2 is a cross-sectional view of a region to which air is to be adjusted, in which a small air conditioner protrudes through the wall opening.

3 is an enlarged view of the connection area of an air conditioner casing with a combined external air and exhaust air plenum;

4 is a h, x plot showing climatic conditions in Central Europe.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner of the type described above, which can be manufactured and installed in an area to control air at low cost and time, as well as facilitating economically optimal operation all year round with a small energy consumption and minimum energy consumption. It is.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The air conditioner according to the invention facilitates economically optimal operation throughout the year with minimal energy consumption, and is combined with a driving device that generates, guides and processes the air flow used in larger size air conditioners. And it can be manufactured in time, characterized in that the structure of a smaller size that can be easily transported and installed in the area to be adjusted air.

The compact air conditioner according to the invention is equipped with the components necessary to generate cold air, such as devices for generating air flow, in particular inlet and exhaust air ventilators, as well as all devices necessary for air treatment, ie compressors, evaporators and condensers. All of the devices required for air treatment are compactly arranged in a facility casing disposed inside the area to be controlled air or inside a combined external air / exhaust air plenum that can be connected or connected to the facility casing. It is built.

Although the dimensions of the air conditioner according to the invention are compact, the return cooling of the cooling device is ensured through the exhaust air flow. In addition, any mixture of outside air and exhaust air can be produced to use free cooling in a completely or sufficiently optimal manner, in particular in an unlimitedly variable manner, on the other hand free cooling is widely used and inlet The addition of a corresponding amount of external air to the exhaust air at any time is supplied to the air stream to reach the amount of air and temperature required to return cool the cooling device of the air treatment device.

The installation according to the invention provides conditions for structural variables that provide significant advantages when operating a small air conditioner and installing the air conditioner in the area to be controlled.

Compact air conditioners by placing the devices for generating, guiding and processing the air stream back to each other in the direction of the air flow between the casing openings guided by the combined discharge air and the outside air plenum and air inlets disposed below the casing openings. The air is supplied together and the cold and hot air flows are mixed in the upper area of the air conditioner while the air flows into the air inlet in the lower area of the air conditioner so that there is no risk of condensation on the metal components of the air conditioner. .

Areas where air outlets are arranged opposite to the casing openings at the same height as the casing openings in the casing openings guided by the combined exhaust air and the outside air plenum, as well as in the air to control the air including the wall openings corresponding to the plant casings. The air inlet is oriented close to the bottom of the area where air is to be controlled and the air outlet is oriented close to the ceiling of the area where the air is to be controlled. A preferred arrangement is achieved in which inlet air flows into the lower region of the flow and return air or extract air flows into the upper region. Thus, the cooled air is dispersed in an area close to the floor, and due to the heat effect of the heat of the electrical and electronic devices that generate heat in the area to control air, an air conditioner is installed in the area to deprive heat of the heated air. Under the influence of the device generating the air flow, there is a situation of returning to the return and exhaust air.

Another feature of the installation according to the invention is that the inlet air exits at low speed from the air inlet and is oriented such that no mixing or limited mixing occurs between the inlet air and the return air sucked by the air outlet of the air conditioner. Is the point. By using the air flow having the above-described characteristics according to the structure and arrangement of the small air conditioner in the region to control air, the air flow is generated in which the original temperature difference and thermal properties gradually flow from the lower side in the region to control air. It takes heat away from the device and becomes rich in the way it flows upwards and is used to remove heat from the upper area of the area where air is to be controlled. By applying the flow path generated by the air conditioner according to the invention to the original temperature conditions, it is ensured that heat is absorbed and removed as much as possible.

The combined exhaust air and external air plenum are preferably attached to the casing opening of the plant casing and comprise an exhaust air vent of the device for producing an air flow.

Since the small air conditioner according to the present invention is particularly suitable for wall mounting and only a central casing opening is required for the external air inlet and the air outlet, assembling and installing the air conditioner is necessary for the qualification of the operator assembling the equipment. It is fairly simple without specific requirements. Unlike the case of installing a separate air conditioner, which requires a highly skilled expert in assembly and installation, the ability and experience of a general installer is sufficient to assemble and install the small air conditioner according to the present invention.

In another aspect of the invention, the combined exhaust air and the external air plenum are formed in a box shape, the air outlet of the exhaust air plenum is discharged into the horizontally oriented exhaust air stream and the external air plenum is oriented downward An exhaust air plenum is disposed above the outer air plenum to have an inlet.

By arranging the external air inlet and the air outlet for sucking air as described above, a thermal short circuit, that is, a situation in which exhaust air is sucked through the external air connection, is prevented. It is thus assumed that hot extract air / exhaust air flows upwards through the thermal conditions while external air is sucked into the lower region of the combined exhaust air and the external air plenum.

The combined exhaust air and external air plenums formed in this structure allow the external air inlet for intake air to be oriented downwards, in particular to protect it from the impact of rain, while according to another feature a weatherproof plate is placed on the air outlet. This prevents the impact of rain, so it is simultaneously protected from certain rain and rain.

In addition to the combined external air and exhaust air plenum, it may have a bottom inclined from the wall opening to the air outlet. By inclining the damper member in the bottom panel, in particular in the exhaust air plenum, the damper is moved outwardly, for example, outwardly away from the inner region of the plant casing, even when raindrops are applied to the inner region of the plant casing. A situation is never achieved. This also acts against rain as the exhaust air stream permanently flowing outwards through the weathering plate.

A preferred embodiment of the installation according to the invention has a predetermined different length suitable for the standard wall strength of the wall with the wall opening in the area where the combined external air and exhaust air plenum are to regulate air.

This type of air conditioning, which is very simple to assemble and produced at an effective production cost, through the standardization of the combined external air and exhaust air, which is preferably connected with the flanged connection between the combined external air and exhaust air plenum and the plant casing The provision of the flag is guaranteed.

If necessary, by placing a resonant sheet at the top of the plant casing and lining with an absorber at the bottom of the plant casing, together with a high efficiency attenuator of the combined external air and exhaust air plenum, the compact air conditioner according to the present invention provides both exhaust and volume In this context, noise formation at the air inlet and the air outlet is optimized. This makes certain efficient attenuators significantly reduce the sound level, especially in the air intake region, which is of great importance for using the air conditioner according to the invention in the combined living region.

Another preferred embodiment of the installation according to the invention is characterized in that a valve system for controlling the air flow is arranged between the air outlet, the air inlet and the casing opening in the upper region of the installation casing.

Air mixing by the valve system is in addition to the aforementioned advantages of the idea that the mixing is such that there is no risk of condensation on the metal components in the region where cold and hot air flows from the upper region of the air conditioner to the air inlet located in the lower region of the plant casing. The valve system always facilitates the use of free cooling, while at the same time ensuring the necessary return cooling of the cooling device or mechanical cold fan, which would not be possible with a separate air conditioner, for example.

The valve system consists of four valves intersecting each other to form external air, exhaust air, mixed air and circulating air flow, and at the opening height of the combined external air and exhaust air plenum aligned with the air outlet and casing openings. It is preferable to arrange.

Another preferred embodiment of the installation according to the invention is characterized in that an inlet air filter is arranged between the valve system and the inlet air vent, in particular consisting of a pocket filter with a large filter surface and of good quality.

Through the embodiment of the filters arranged as described above, which are integrated in a small air conditioner, the pressure loss for saving energy is considerably reduced compared to the conventional filter, and the pocket filter provides the optimum effect in the compact structure. Has

Another preferred embodiment of the installation according to the invention is characterized in that the air inlet is connected to the air outlet cross section of the cooling device evaporator.

By placing the evaporator of the cooling device in front of the air inlet, there is a certain effect on the air flow when the evaporator acts as a rectifier such that a slow discharge rate is achieved over the entire outlet cross section. This arrangement and flow property is similar to the source air outlet which has a desirable effect on the overall flow properties for the person within and within the area to which the air is to be controlled.

The effect of the cooling device is increased that the condenser and evaporator have large condenser and evaporator exchange zones.

In the case of a heat generating device which does not generate sufficient heat according to another feature of the invention disposed in the region to which air is to be adjusted, the heat register is an inlet air flow passage. Preferably, the inlet air is arranged to be heated when the heat demand increases in front of the air inlet end face of the cooling device evaporator.

A feature of the installation according to the invention is that the control and regulating device adjusts the independently controllable valve of the valve system according to the external temperature such that the air conditioner consumes minimal power in each operating state.

By virtue of the above features of the installation, the compact air conditioner is optimal for adjusting the independently controllable valve according to the external temperature so that the most preferably effective condition is always selected.

The control and regulating device keeps a record of the outside temperature and the inside temperature within the area where air is to be controlled, and free mixture is used and any mixture of outside air and exhaust air is produced and supplied to the incoming air stream in an infinitely variable manner. It is also desirable to control the valve system and / or the cooling device so that the amount of air required to ensure return cooling of the cooling device can be reached by adding external air to the exhaust air via the valve system.

By continuously monitoring external and internal temperatures and determining from these results how high climatic parameters of the internal and external zones are loaded into energy, namely temperature and air humidity, the control and regulation device sets the required airflow to the minimum energy resource. Adjust the valve system to

By steplessly regulating and independently controlling valves in the valve system and allowing the resulting air to flow between outside air, inlet air, return air and exhaust air, optimal energy-saving air conditioning is an area where external climate conditions and air are to be controlled. Is achieved according to the cooling rod. By smoothly regulating and independently controlling the valve, it can be used in an optimal manner by using free cooling extensively in all year-round distributed climatic conditions and by discontinuing the use of energy-intensive mechanical cooling.

Due to the compact structure of the air conditioner according to the present invention, the devices for generating, guiding and processing the air flow in the facility casing may be completely formed in a pipe form and connected to each other, and after the air conditioner is electrically connected to at least one power source. The device is controlled by an electrical cable connection to be ready for operation.

By separating the air conditioner according to the present invention into a combined external air and exhaust air plenum and a facility casing to be disposed in the inner region of the region to be controlled air, it can be easily assembled and transported as well as for logistics management purposes. This allows the combined external air and exhaust air plenum to be formed of one component together with the exhaust air ventilator, while the other components in the form of facility casings contain all the wires and cables necessary to accommodate all other devices and to fully prepare for operation inside. And all the functional groups and sensors as well as the power supply are connected to the switch panel and the control and regulation device. Both components can be screwed together in the field with simple means and knowledge without difficulty by means of flange connections. After assembling and connecting the air conditioner to the active power supply, the air conditioner can be operated immediately since all functions can be checked by the manufacturer and trouble-free operation can be ensured.

Unlike the conventional separate air conditioner, the small air conditioner according to the present invention forms an apparatus for generating, guiding and processing air into one apparatus, and all of the apparatuses are connected to each other in a ready-to-operate cryogenic field. No assembly is necessary.

Another feature of the small air conditioner according to the invention is that the ventilator, and the control and regulation device, are connected to a direct current voltage source, preferably a battery, while the compressor of the cooling device is connected to an alternating current or a three phase current network.

Thus, the air conditioner has two feeders, one feeder for the compressor via a feeder from an actual alternating current or three-phase current network and a second battery-specific, for all other devices of the air conditioner except the compressor. Has a feeder.

Permanent redundancy is facilitated by the power source, and uninterrupted power supply is ensured through a battery powered ventilator since the permanent supply is run from the battery without interruption when the network power is off. Thus, if the zone power is cut off, the heat of the area to be controlled can be transferred away using free cooling, for example by increasing the speed of the ventilator as much as possible, since the control and regulating device is also supplied with battery power. Adjustment continues.

Due to certain contacts in the control and regulating device, it is clear that the compressor of the cooling device does not operate when the supply of alternating current and three-phase current networks is interrupted, since it requires considerable power. For this reason, the compressor is connected to an alternating current and three-phase current network and is supplied by the network, not by the battery, which supplies only the ventilator and the control and regulation device. Therefore, when the network power is cut off, the battery-powered control and regulating device still remains in communication and indicates and informs the network power-off state.

Step switch is facilitated by integrating the resonant control into the control and regulating device and connecting the plurality of small air conditioners of the type described above to the resonant equipment or cascade, and the second switch acting on the air conditioner according to the N + 1 principle. May be provided, that is, a second facility may be used in addition to the air conditioner required for air control of the area to be air controlled.

In a state where a plurality of air conditioners are arranged, cascade switching according to the respective power demands can be arranged so as to suit the needs in the area where the plurality of air conditioners are to regulate air, so that good distribution and flow through the entire area can be achieved.

Hereinafter, the idea of forming the basis of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings.

1 is a perspective view of a small air conditioner inserted into a wall opening 100 formed in a wall 10 of an area where air is to be controlled and connected to the wall 10, wherein the small air conditioner 2 is intended to control air. It consists of a combined outer air and exhaust air plenum 21 protruding into the outer region through the facility casing 20 and the wall opening 100 disposed inside the region. An air outlet 33 and an air inlet 34 are arranged at the facility casing 20 oriented forward, ie, into the area to be controlled air, and the air inlet 34 is a facility casing 20 close to the floor. Air outlet 33 is provided in line with the upper region of the plant casing 20, in particular the outside air and exhaust air plenum 21.

Between the air outlet 33 and the air inlet 34, a switch panel 9 having a control and regulating device that can be attached to the facility casing is arranged.

The combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 is provided with an air outlet 33, an external air and exhaust air plenum 21, as well as an air outlet disposed within the axis of the downwardly oriented external air inlet 32. 31).

The exhaust air stream FL is always discharged in the horizontal direction from the air outlet 31, and the exhaust air stream FL is oriented upwards due to its heat content while the external air stream AL is directed to the external air inlet 32. It is suctioned from the lower side through). Due to the differently oriented air outlets and external air inlets 31 and 32, hot bleed air / exhaust air (FL) flows upward through the thermal conditions while the external air stream (AL) is combined with external air and exhaust Thermal shorts are prevented when drawn into the lower region of the air plenum. This effectively protects against rainstorm due to the upwardly oriented outside air inlet 32, while preventing moisture from sucked outside air from seeping into the inside of the air conditioner 2.

The bleed air / return air stream RL is sucked through the bleed air outlet 33 from the area to be controlled and discharged as bleed air stream FL in the outside air operation of the air conditioner 2 or the air conditioner In the circulating air operation of (2), it is discharged through the air inlet 34 as the inlet air flow ZL into the area to be controlled. In the mixing operation, the extraction air / return air stream (RL) is discharged as the exhaust air stream (FL), some of which are inlet air stream (ZL) to the external air stream (AL) which enters the area to be controlled. Is added as.

At the lower end of the device casing 20, a condensate outlet 64 is formed which is connected to the condensate tank provided under the evaporator disposed in the area of the air inlet 34.

The small air conditioner 2 shown in FIG. 1 is formed as one component as shown in FIG. 1 or in two parts as in a preferred embodiment of the invention, where one part is a device casing It is formed by 20 and the other part is formed by combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21. Since the embodiment according to the invention only requires a connection between the combined external air and the exhaust air plenum 21 and the facility casing 20 to be fixed to the wall 10 of the area to be controlled in the field. It has proved to be particularly desirable in terms of logistics management, transportation and assembly. As will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 may include an air outlet 31, an external air inlet 32 and between the external air channel and the exhaust air channel. In addition to the dividing wall, the exhaust casing includes a corresponding air baffle plate as well as an exhaust air vent generating an external air stream (FL), while the installation casing (20) includes all of the other devices for generating, directing and processing the air stream and Controlling and adjusting device.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the region 1 to be adjusted to the air shown in FIG. 1, schematically showing a heating device 15, for example a facility casing comprising a communication device in which the electrical and electronic devices are arranged in a shelf. (20) The mounting side wall 10, the casing ceiling 11 and the casing bottom 12 are shown.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the upper region of the plant casing 20 with the casing opening 24 aligned with the outside air and exhaust air plenum 21 and connected in the same way by a flange or socket joint 25. In order to connect between the combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 and the installation casing 20, the combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 is inserted into the wall opening 100 and the It is connected with the installation casing 20 from the inside.

In order to adapt the air conditioner to different wall thicknesses 10, in this embodiment, an extension connected to the combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 or the combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 of different lengths. The frame may be provided prior to connection with the facility casing 20.

In a single component embodiment of the air conditioner 2, the combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 is connected to the facility casing 20 and wall openings when positioning the facility casing against the wall 10. Guided through 100.

The combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 is an external air plenum 212 separated from the exhaust air plenum 211 by an exhaust air plenum 211 and a separation wall 23 having an exhaust air channel. And the dividing wall is formed to be inclined downward from the casing opening 24 so that any moisture introduced into the discharge air plenum 211 is discharged outward. The air outlet 31 region is further provided with a weather resistant plate 22 which prevents weathering impacts.

With the combined external air and exhaust air plenum 21 and the installation casing 20 assembled, the exhaust air vent 41 disposed within the external air and exhaust air plenum 210 is located in the wall opening 100 region. And is aligned in line with the condenser 61 of the cooling device, including an evaporator and a compressor 63 disposed between the condenser 61 and the evaporator 62 disposed immediately in front of the air inlet 34.

Valve system (5) comprising four valves (51, 52, 53, 54) intersecting each other in a line of external air channels and bleed air outlets (33) of combined external air and exhaust air plenums (21). With this arrangement, with the aid of the valve system, the outside air AL and the return air RL can optionally be mixed to form an exhaust air stream FL or an inlet air stream ZL. The valve system 5 uses free cooling extensively, ie, optimally uses climatic conditions to remove heat from the heat rods emitted by the heat generating device 15.

In the valve position shown in FIG. 3, the valve 51 is open while the valves 52, 54 are closed. The valve position corresponds to a circulating air operation in which external air that cools the condenser is directed to the exhaust air and extraction air is directed to the incoming air via the evaporator 63 of the cooling device.

In the flow passage formed below the valve system 5, a pocket filter 8 having a large filter surface having a optimum efficiency in a narrow space, a long service life, and a large dust storage capacity is disposed.

Between the pocket filter 8 and the compressor 63 a switch panel 9 with control and regulating devices is arranged in an ergonomically desirable position.

The height of the compressor 63 is provided with an inlet air vent 42 formed as a rearward curved radial ventilator. The inlet air stream (ZL) generated by the inlet air ventilator is discharged via a heat register (7) provided if necessary and is intended to regulate the air in the bottom (12) area from the evaporator (62) through the air inlet (34). Emitted as (1). By directly connecting the evaporator surface with the air inlet 34, the cooled inlet air ZL is distributed in an area close to the floor and discharged by the electronic device 15 according to the flows S1, S2 shown in FIG. 2. By rising upward through heat, heat is enriched from bottom to top and a large area slow inlet air flow is achieved to be discharged to the air conditioner 2 above the region of the extraction heat outlet 33.

Therefore, the flow generated by the air conditioner 2 is suitable for natural temperature conditions, i.e., a natural temperature difference, and is compact by ensuring the maximum heat absorption by utilizing the thermal properties in the region 1 to control air. The heat of the air conditioner 2 can be removed as much as possible.

Through the h, x chart, Fig. 4 clearly shows the different climatic conditions during the year in Central Europe, for example. When using these climate boundary conditions in an optimal manner, having an air conditioner (2) that consumes a lot of energy, the air conditioner can be used year round with minimal use of the cooling system, which is undesirable for the overall efficiency of the air conditioner. It can be operated using energy optimally.

The region 1 shown in FIG. 4 is located in a temperature region of 18 ° C. or less and easily uses free cooling for 40,7% of the operation for one year over a period of 3570 hours of the year, and the small air conditioning The group controls the valve of the valve system 5 such that sufficiently warm return air is added to the outside air so that a constant temperature inlet air of 18 ° C. flows into the area to be controlled.

In zone 2, free cooling can be used for another 3495 hours of the year, ie 39.5% of the year, as long as warm return air is added to cold outside air until the desired inlet air temperature is reached. have. Thus, the two areas 1 and 2 cover 80% of the one-year operation. If the humidity of the air is desired, continue to slightly wet the area 2.

In the region 3, the outside air is still below the extraction air temperature since the outside air is located in the temperature region between 18 ° C and 28 ° C. In an area corresponding to weather conditions that occur over 1000 hours a year, or 11% of the year's operation, the cooling unit is cooled if necessary to reach the desired inlet air temperature.

Zones 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 are particularly humid in terms of energy, and use of outside air is expensive and requires a very large cooling device. In this situation, the circulating air operation through the valve system can be established because the extraction air temperature is significantly lower than the outside air temperature and the extraction air does not contain high humidity outside air. If necessary, the lowest fresh air portion can be set in these areas. In this mode of operation, the external air vents deliver the outside air through the valve system, thus ensuring return cooling of the condenser 61 aligned with the ventilator. Areas (4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4) together represent 679 hours of the year, or 7.35% of the year's operation.

The operation of the small air conditioner does not require any mechanical cooling when the external temperature is below 18 ° C. The outside air rate is determined far up to the boundary of the lowest fresh air rate through the outside air temperature, ie the outside air rate is constantly reduced as the outside air temperature drops. Thus, the circulating air ratio is increased with decreasing temperature and controlled through the inlet air, and the temperature control is made through valve control so that the mixing temperature of the circulating air outside the outside air is always kept below 18 ° C.

Like the outside air rate, the extraction air rate is adjusted via a control and regulating device, or a portion of the outside air is added and another part that corresponds exactly to the magnitude of the outside air rate may be above the pressure or underpressure of the area to be controlled. It is adjusted via the valve system to be removed via the exhaust air vent 41 to prevent it.

Therefore, the valves 51 to 54 and the air flows ZL, AL, RL and FL of the valve system 5 are automatically controlled by the control and regulating device according to the climatic conditions outside the region 1 to which the air is to be regulated. do.

Claims (33)

Air conditioners, in particular air conditioners for controlling the air in the area in which the electrical or electronic device generating heat, The air conditioner includes devices for generating, directing and processing an air flow and a control and regulating device for controlling the devices, In the region 1 to be adjusted to air, the equipment casing 20 is arranged, The facility casing 20 is an area to be regulated with air, which is directed to an air outlet and air inlets 33, 34 and a combined exhaust air and external air plenum 21 located towards the area 1 ( Having a casing opening 24 which is aligned with the wall opening 100 of 1), The combined exhaust air and external air plenum include an air outlet 31, an external air inlet 32, and an exhaust air ventilator 41, while the installation casing 20 generates, guides and processes the air flow. Including all other devices 33, 34; 42; 5; 61, 62, 63; 7; 8 and control and regulation device 9 Air conditioner. The method of claim 1, Apparatuses 33, 34; 42; 5; 61, 62, 63; 7; 8, which generate, direct and process the air flow, which are disposed in the plant casing, comprise the combined exhaust air and external air plenum ( Air conditioner disposed rearward from each other in the direction of air flow between the casing opening (24) which is guided by 21) and the air inlet (34) disposed under the casing opening (24). The method of claim 2, The air conditioner (33) is arranged at the same height as the casing opening (24) opposite the casing opening (24). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The installation casing 20 is fixed on the wall 10 of the area 1 to which the air with the wall opening 100 is to be controlled, The facility casing 20 has an air inlet 34 close to the bottom 12 of the region 1 to which air is to be adjusted, and the air outlet 33 is a ceiling 11 of the region 1 to which air is to be controlled. And vertically aligned to be oriented in proximity to the air conditioner. The inlet air stream ZL exits the air inlet 34 at low speed, and the extracted air or return air stream RL and the inlet air sucked by the air outlet 33 of the air conditioner 2. Air conditioning, characterized in that no mixing occurs between the flows ZL or only limitedly. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The combined exhaust air and external air plenum (21) can be connected to the casing opening (24) of the plant casing (20). The method of claim 6, At the height of the casing opening 24 where the combined discharge air and the outside air plenum 21 protrude, an exhaust air vent 41 for generating an exhaust air flow FL is arranged and pressure-controlled. Air conditioner. The method according to claim 6 or 7, The combined exhaust air and external air plenum 21 may include an exhaust air plenum 211 disposed above the external air plenum 212 and an air outlet 31 of the exhaust air plenum 211. Air conditioner, wherein the exhaust air stream (FL) is released in a horizontally oriented manner and the outer air plenum (212) is formed in a box shape with an outer air inlet (32) directed downward. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, The combined exhaust air and the outside air plenum 21 are characterized by having different lengths suitable for standardizing the wall strength of the wall 10 of the region 1 to be controlled with the air having the wall opening 100. Air conditioning. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, And a socket joint or flange connection between said plant casing (20) and said combined exhaust air and external air plenum (21). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, The weatherproof plate 22 is disposed on the air outlet 31, The combined exhaust air and external air plenum 21 pass from the wall opening 100 to the air outlet 21, between the exhaust air plenum 211 and the external air plenum 212. An air conditioner having a photo separation wall (23). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, The exhaust air plenum (211) is characterized in that it has an attenuator member disposed in an inclined manner so that water permeates to the air outlet (31). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, The upper end of the facility casing (20) has at least one resonance sheet (resonance sheet) and the air conditioner, characterized in that the lower end of the facility casing (20) is lined with absorbent material. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, The combined exhaust air and external air plenum (21) comprise a high efficiency attenuator. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, Between the air outlet 33, the air inlet 34 and the casing opening 25 (sic), there is a valve system 5 for controlling the air flow, preferably the valve system 5 The air conditioner, characterized in that disposed in the upper region of the installation casing (20). The method of claim 15, The valve system (5) is characterized in that it comprises four valves (51, 52, 53, 54) intersecting with each other to produce external air, exhaust air, mixed air and circulating air flow. The method according to claim 15 or 16, The valve system 5 is arranged at the height of the air outlet 33 and the openings of the combined exhaust air and the outside air plenum 21 are aligned with the casing opening 25 (sic). Air conditioner. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, An air conditioner characterized in that any mixture of outside air (AL) and extracting air (RL) can be produced via the valve system (5) using free cooling. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, An air conditioner, characterized in that an inlet air vent (42) is arranged between the valve system (5) and the air inlet (34). The method of claim 19, The inlet air ventilator (42) is characterized in that it is formed as radial ventilator arched backwards in the rearward direction. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, An air conditioner, characterized in that an inlet air filter is arranged between the valve system and the inlet air venter. The method of claim 21, The inlet air filter (8) is characterized in that the filter surface is large, consisting of a pocket filter having a high quality filter. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, The condenser of the cooling device (61, 62, 63) is arranged on the suction side of the exhaust air ventilator (41) and is preferably connected to the exhaust air ventilator (41). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, The air inlet (34) is an air conditioner, characterized in that connected to the air discharge end surface of the evaporator (62) of the cooling device (61, 62, 63). The method of claim 23 or 24, Compressor (63) of the cooling device (61, 62, 63) is arranged side by side with the inlet air ventilator (42). The method according to any one of claims 23 to 25, The condenser (61) and the evaporator (62) of the cooling device (61, 62, 63) have a large condenser and evaporator exchange surface. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, Air conditioner, characterized in that the heat register (7) is disposed in front of the air inlet end surface of the evaporator (62) of the flow passage of the inlet air, preferably the cooling device (61, 62, 63). The method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, The control and regulating device 9 can independently control the valves 51, 52, of the valve system 5 according to the external temperature, so that the air conditioner 2 consumes minimal power in each operating state. 53, 54), characterized in that the air conditioner. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 28, The control and regulation device 9 continuously records the external temperature and the internal temperature of the region 1 to which air is to be controlled, The cooling device by using free cooling while creating a mixture of external air and extract air in an unlimitedly variable manner and supplying it to the inlet air stream, and also adding the external air to the extract air via the valve system 5 Air conditioning characterized by controlling the valve system 5 and / or the cooling devices 61, 62, 63 such that the amount of air and temperature necessary to ensure return cooling of the 61, 62, 63 is achieved. group. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 29, The air flow generating, guiding and processing devices 33, 34; 42; 5; 61, 62, 63; 7; 8 disposed in the facility casing 20 are completely piped and connected to each other via the electrical cable connection. And the control and regulating device 9 for controlling the devices 33, 34; 42; 5; 61, 62, 63; 7; 8 so that the air conditioner is electrically connected to at least one voltage source and ready for operation. Air conditioner, characterized in that connected to. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 30, The ventilators 41, 42 and the control and regulating device 9 are connected to a direct current voltage source, preferably a battery, and the compressor 63 of the cooling devices 61, 62, 63 is an alternating current or three-phase. An air conditioner, characterized in that connected to a current network. The method of any one of claims 1 to 31, The control and adjustment device (9) is characterized in that the air conditioner is provided with a second control unit. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 32, And a plurality of small air conditioners (2) of this type are connected to each other to form a second installation or cascade in which they work together.