KR20040010750A - Synchronous Machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a synchronizer having a salient pole comprising mutually connected pole windings, and more particularly to a wind turbine and a method for monitoring a synchronizer of a wind turbine.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a synchronizer and a method of operating the synchronizer that can reduce the risk of fire.

The synchronizer includes a rotor having a plurality of poles each having at least one pole winding, each pole winding of the plurality of poles being galvanically connected to each other by a first conductor means through which an exciter current flows. A monitoring conductor that can be activated or activated by a signal of is arranged substantially parallel with the first conductor, the monitoring conductor is coupled or connected with a device for detecting the signal, and if an interrupt occurs in the first conductor It can be detected or detected by a signal variation of the monitoring conductor, characterized in that the signal detection device is combined with a control device which at least reduces or preferably completely blocks the exciter current through the first conductor.

Description

Synchronous Machine

A synchronizer is a generally known device, and an example of the structure includes a synchronizer having a rotating magnet or a stator magnet having a (stone) pole and each pole having at least one pole winding through which an exciter current flows. Here, the exciter current is always direct current in the synchronizer.

Each winding of all or multiple respective poles is galvanically connected. However, since the pole windings are manufactured and installed respectively, the connection is made by a suitable connection method such as clamps, soldered connections, and the like. In particular, these connection positions and other connection positions, for example positions where the windings are damaged, are susceptible to interruption risks in galvanic connections due to vibrations that occur during the operation of the machine.

In such interrupts, an arc may occur due to the high current strength, which increases the interruption due to the movement of material, and thus becomes larger by itself and may be several centimeters long. From this point of view, there is a risk that the surrounding materials ignite and cause a fire to destroy the machine.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a synchronous machine having a pole pole in which the pole windings are galvanically connected to each other, and more particularly to a wind turbine and a method for monitoring the synchronous of the wind turbine.

1 is a view showing a part of the fan-shaped polar ring,

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the polar ring shown in FIG.

3 is a schematic diagram of a conductor according to a first embodiment of the present invention having an electrical conductor,

4 shows a monitoring system with an optical conductor according to the invention,

5 shows a monitoring system excluding additional conductors,

6 shows a wind turbine with a current busbar wound around a fuse wire.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a synchronizer and a method of operating the synchronizer which can reduce the risk of fire.

In the various types of methods and synchronous devices described hereafter, this object is achieved by monitoring the galvanic connection of the (at least one) pole winding and minimizing the exciter current which causes the interrupt in the galvanic connection. do. Interrupts can be recognized immediately by monitoring the galvanic connection. The reduction of the exciter current prevents the generation of arcs, thereby effectively reducing the risk of fire occurring around the material.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exciter current is switched off completely to ensure extinction of all arcs that may be present. Accordingly, the interrupt is recognized immediately, and it is possible to prevent the ignition from being started by the arc in advance.

In particular, in the present invention, for example, in the case of the pole winding group connected in parallel, only the interrupted group is cut off. This operating procedure ensures that no more current is supplied only to the pole windings of the (interrupted) group and that the exciter current continues to flow through the other groups, which allows the synchronous to continue to operate.

In order to simply recognize an interrupt, in particular an arc, the conductors adjacent to the galvanic connection operate on a predetermined signal and the occurrence of the signal is monitored. If an arc occurs, the adjacent conductors will also be interrupted by the arc. Accordingly, an interrupt is generated in the signal, and the synchronizer can be suitably controlled by the method according to the present invention.

A conductor (monitoring conductor) can be proposed for a mechanical structure with a very simple design, in which the conductors extend in parallel around the galvanic connection, spirally arranged, wound around the galvanic connection, or mount on the galvanic connection. ) Or can be bonded.

In addition, in the present invention, the monitoring conductor may be implemented with, for example, an electrical conductor such as a general insulated copper wire. This conductor is inexpensive and can be mounted in a simple manner for application to the present invention. In addition, when using an electrical conductor, it is possible to use a predetermined signal input even at a low (power) consumption level without being complicated. An alternative embodiment of the monitoring conductor of the invention is an optical conductor. Supplying signals to the conductors is more complicated when using optical conductors, while the signals are not affected by electromagnetic influences and thus have a high degree of freedom from interference.

In order to increase the reliability of the method and the synchronizer according to the invention, in particular a first device for supplying a signal to the monitoring conductor and a second device for monitoring the signal are further provided. Thus, in the event of a device failure, the device's function can instead be handled by the further device of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a diagram briefly showing a part of a pole ring of a synchronizer (generator). Reference numeral 10 denotes each pole piece of salient poles, and reference numeral 12 denotes a pole winding arranged on the salient poles.

The pole windings 12 are interconnected by a galvanic connection 14, whereby the pole windings 12 are connected in series, through which the same current flows through each. Since the pole windings 12 are made individually, the connection is made, for example, by a connecting sleeve 16.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged detailed view of two pole pieces 10 and a pole winding 12 disposed behind the pole pieces 10 shown in FIG. 1. A galvanic connection 14 is made between the pole windings 12. This connection is made by the conductor 18 from the winding of the pole winding 12 so that it is connected at the connection point 16, for the conductor of the adjacent pole winding 12 the connection point 16 is for example: Connection sleeve 16, soldering or other suitable connection manner. A connection point 16 of this kind is also formed alternately between the two pole windings 12 shown in FIG. 2 and each of the windings (not shown) adjacent to the pole winding 12. However, in particular, the connection point 16 is a structurally weak point in the galvanic connection 14, and thus an interrupt may occur due to vibration or the like generated during operation of the synchronizer.

A conductor 18 is shown around the galvanic connection 14 and the connection point 16, which is wound in a spiral configuration and acts as a monitoring device or monitoring conductor.

If an interrupt occurs at the connection point 16 due to vibration, for example, an arc is generated. This is because interrupts are initially very small but the exciter current is relatively large. The material is moved by the arc, which causes the interrupt to increase in size. This movement of the material by the arc causes interrupts in the conductors 18, which are detected by appropriate monitoring of the conductors 18, thus causing current interruptions in the galvanic connection 14. It can be concluded that an arc has occurred. As a result, suitable measures can be taken, such as blocking the exciter current to extinguish the arc, thus preventing the occurrence of a fire.

3 shows a simple configuration capable of monitoring the state of the conductor 18. One side of the conductor 18 is grounded. The other side of the conductor 18 is provided with a switching device 20 such as a relay, and is supplied with sufficient voltage for pull-up. The relay has an opening device 22, which is open when the relay 20 is operated. If an interrupt occurs in the current conductor 18, the relay 20 is released and the opening device 22 is closed. The closing (closed) operation can be detected at the connection terminal 24 by a downstream-connection device, for example, and is calculated for the situation.

It is also contemplated that the relay 22 may be disposed on the other side of the conductor 18. In addition, the conductor 18 is supplied with a suitable voltage, so that the relay 20 is operated. In this case, the relay 20 is also automatically released as soon as the conductor 18 is interrupted. As a result, the exciter current can be cut off immediately.

4 shows another embodiment of the monitoring system shown in FIG. 3. The conductor 18 shown in FIG. 4 is a light wave conductor or an optical fiber. The optical signal is coupled (connected) to the wave conductor 18 by the light source 30, and FIG. 4 illustrates a case where a light emitting element (LED) is used as the light source 30. On the other hand, the optical signal is received by the optical receiver 32, which may be an element part of the bridge circuit. In this embodiment, the optical receiver 32 is composed of a photoresist.

Therefore, the receiver 32 has a given resistance while emitting light by the light source 30 being transmitted through the conductor 18. If there is an interrupt in the conductor 18, the light coming from the light source 30 no longer reaches the receiver 32, and the resistance value of the receiver 32 is changed, and thus the conductor 18 is changed. Will be recognized.

It may also be contemplated that the receiver is implemented with, for example, a phototransistor or other photosensitive device.

Another configuration for monitoring the galvanic connection 14 is shown in FIG. 5. In this case, at the coupling-in point 36, an alternating current voltage having a small amplitude and a predetermined frequency in addition to the exciter current is superimposed. At this time, the coupling-out point is influenced by the capacitance or inductance value, for example. 5 shows one electrode 40 of a capacitor. The other electrode can be formed by, for example, the galvanic connection 14 itself.

Once the alternating voltage is coupled out again by the capacitor 40, it can be monitored in a suitable downstream-connected circuit. If an interrupt occurs in the galvanic connection 14, the exciter current is continuously transmitted by the arc, but the superimposed alternating voltage is no longer transmitted and is no longer coupled at the coupling-out point 38. You can prevent it from going out. This enables interrupt detection at galvanic connection 14.

If a plurality of pole windings are grouped and there are a plurality of groups of such pole windings, each group includes a fuse wire specifically provided for each of the groups, so that if an interrupt occurs in the fuse wire, the generator can continue to operate. In order to do this, it is desirable to allow the exciter current of the interrupted group to be interrupted and to allow the unaffected group to continue to be useful.

Therefore, if each pole winding group has its own fuse wire (with a properly equipped monitoring device), it would be desirable to combine each pole winding group and each fuse wire, and fuses in operation of the pole winding group It can be interrupted properly when the wire is cut. More possible methods include the use of separate fuse wires for the pole windings of all pole rings, and breaking off the exciter current in the event of an interrupt in the fuse wire.

When the interrupt is reversed again, which must be maintained for a certain time to ensure that the arc is removed, the appropriate exciter current can flow again. Now, only the pole winding group where the interrupt is generated is excluded from it. However, this arrangement is disadvantageous in some situations. That is, when the fuse wire is interrupted, the operation must be continued except for the fuse wire or the operation cannot be continued for safety of use.

The present invention is not limited to the monitoring example for the generator of the wind turbine but can be applied to other parts of the wind turbine. For example, the problem of arc generation is caused not only by interrupts at the pole windings but also by interrupts at the direct current bus bars.

The electrical energy generated by the generator is transferred from a machine pod to a power distribution cabinet, which is typically provided on the bottom or outer wall of the pylon. Such direct current bus bars are generally made of metal, for example aluminum, and are fixed to their inner wall face down in pylon design. In addition, since the pylon is driven by all the wind power of the wind turbine (in the ford zone, the movement usually has a width in the range of 0.5 m to 2 m), the current bus bars are also moved and loaded accordingly. In the most inefficient scenario, if the amount of movement is too large, or if the movement of the current bus bar is uncertain, this may result in an interrupt in the current bus bar. As a result, an arc may occur between the divided portions, and a portion where energy flows very high is found. This can cause severe damage to the wind turbine, especially jumping back to the pylon with arc arcing, making it impossible to prevent the outbreak of fire.

FIG. 6 shows the structure of a 3-wire current bus bar wrapped with a fuse wire, and the monitoring device shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 may be used to monitor the fuse wire. If an interrupt occurs on the current bus bar, it will also result in an interrupt on the fuse wire, in which case the bus bar (current bus bar) must be repaired, especially under the circumstances, for the purpose of self-defense. If it is to be replaced to ensure future reliable operation, the operation of the whole device is shut down and no longer operated. Current bars, such as the example shown above, are typically used to pass electrical forces (power) from a generator in a pod of a wind turbine to an electrical device, such as a pylon base or an inverter and / or a transformer mounted thereon.

As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features thereof. Therefore, the above-described embodiments are to be understood as illustrative in all respects and not as restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the following claims rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

Claims (13)

A rotor having a plurality of poles, each having at least one pole winding, each pole pole of the plurality of poles being galvanically connected to one another by means of a first conductor means through which an exciter current flows; A monitoring conductor, which can be activated or activated by a predetermined signal, is disposed substantially in parallel with the first conductor, The monitoring conductor is coupled or connected with a device for detecting the signal, When an interrupt occurs in the first conductor, it can be detected or detected by a signal variation of the monitoring conductor, and the signal detection device controls to at least reduce or preferably completely block the exciter current through the first conductor. A synchronizer, characterized in that coupled with the device. The method of claim 1, And said monitoring conductor extends in a spiral structure around the galvanic connection. The method according to claim 1 or 2, And said monitoring conductor has the form of an electrical conductor and / or an optical conductor. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, A device for operating the monitoring conductor by means of a signal has a redundant structure, and preferably comprises first and second devices for operating the conductor by means of a signal. The method of claim 4, wherein And the first and second devices for operating the conductor are units having a unitary structure. A wind turbine comprising the synchronous device of any one of claims 1 to 5. A method for monitoring the operation of a synchronizer having a rotor including a plurality of poles with pole windings, the method comprising: The pole windings of the plurality of poles are galvanically connected to each other, an exciter current flows through the pole windings, Means are provided for monitoring the galvanic connection of the pole windings, At least reducing the exciter current when interruption occurs in the galvanic connection, and more preferably interrupting the exciter current. The method of claim 7, wherein When there are a plurality of groups connected in parallel with the pole windings, the exciter current is cut off for the group of pole windings where the galvanic interrupt is generated, and the exciter current is maintained for the other group. . The method according to claim 7 or 8, An alternating voltage of a predetermined frequency and / or amplitude is superimposed on the exciter current at at least one designated first position of the galvanic connection to recognize the galvanic interrupt, the generation of the alternating voltage being at least specified by a suitable monitoring device Monitoring at one second location. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, A monitoring conductor adjacent to the galvanic connection is activated by a predetermined signal to recognize the galvanic interrupt, The generation of the predetermined signal is monitored, and if the predetermined signal is absent or a large change occurs, the control device reduces and / or cuts off the exciter current. A rotor and a generator coupled to the rotor, the generator supplying power transferred from the generator from the pod region to the base region of the pylon by a current bus bar for operation of the wind turbine, and supplying a power supply network. Wind turbines that generate power for A monitoring conductor, which can be activated or activated by a predetermined signal, is arranged substantially parallel to the bus bar, The monitoring conductor (fuse wire) is coupled or connected with the device for detecting the signal, When an interrupt occurs in the bus bar, it can be detected or detected by a signal variation of the monitoring conductor, the signal detecting device being combined with a control device that at least reduces or preferably completely blocks the exciter current through the bus bar. Wind power device characterized in that the. The wind power device which has the characteristics as described in any one of Claims 2-5. The method of claim 11, And said monitoring conductor is wound around each current bus bar or group of current bus bars and extends substantially in parallel from the beginning to the end of the current bus bar.