KR20040002652A - Air Conditioner and Method for Canceling Defrost Operation of the Same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide an air conditioner that is provided with a constant-speed compressor to make defrosting operation and its defrosting operation can be released correspondingly to a wide power supply voltage range without defraying expenses for a temperature sensor, etc., by releasing the defrosting operation based on a defrosting operation releasing reference current value found from an operational expression by detecting the current value of the compressor during the defrosting operation. CONSTITUTION: The smallest current value Ik of the compressor is found by monitoring the current value I of the compressor during the defrosting operation and the defrosting operation releasing reference current value Id is found by performing arithmetic operation by using the current value Ik and a constant preset in an indoor controller. The found reference current value Id is stored in a controller and the controller is caused to discriminate whether or not the current value I of the compressor exceeds the reference current value Id and, when the value I exceeds the value Id, to release the defrosting operation. Consequently, the occurrence of insufficient or excessive defrosting operation can be prevented and this air conditioner can cope with a wide power supply voltage range and the fluctuation of the power supply voltage, because the current value I of the compressor and the defrosting operation releasing reference current value Id fluctuate in accordance with the fluctuation of the power supply voltage.

Description

Air Conditioner and Method for Canceling Defrost Operation of the Same}

The present invention relates to a method of releasing defrosting operation in an air conditioner having a constant speed type compressor and performing defrosting operation by a cooling cycle.

In the air conditioner including the overseas use equipped with the constant speed type compressor, the following method has been used as a means for releasing the defrosting operation. That is, in the air conditioner, a timer is provided for counting a predetermined time as the defrosting operation time, and the first method of releasing (stopping) the defrosting operation at the stage where the timer displays the predetermined defrosting operation time and the indoor unit. Equipped with an indoor temperature sensor, an indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor, an indoor controller, and an outdoor unit equipped with an outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor and an outdoor controller, an indoor temperature sensor, an indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor, and an outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor. A second method of determining release of the defrosting operation based on the temperature value detected by the controller, and performing the release; a room temperature value detected by the indoor temperature sensor; an indoor heat exchanger temperature value detected by the indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor; The third method of releasing the defrosting operation based on the release current value of the defrosting operation (the drive current value of the compressor) set in advance has been used.

However, in the second method of detecting the temperature from each sensor and canceling the defrost operation, accurate defrost operation can be performed, but an outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor is installed in the outdoor unit, or an outdoor control device is installed for processing the temperature information. It was necessary and cost. Further, in the third method of canceling the defrosting operation based on a preset current value, the outdoor control device or the outdoor temperature sensor in the outdoor unit can be omitted, which is advantageous in terms of cost, but the power supply voltage to the compressor changes, or When the power supply voltage is intentionally changed, the current value (drive current value of the compressor) during defrosting operation also changes. Since the drive current value is originally set as an index value for releasing the defrosting operation and is set as a fixed value regardless of fluctuations in the power supply voltage or the type of the compressor, such a change in the drive current value itself causes a frost residual amount or an excessive defrost operation. There was a problem that would be done.

The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and defrosting operation which can always give an accurate reference current value for defrosting operation cancellation even when the capacity of the compressor, the manufacturer, the model, or the like, or the power supply voltage to the compressor is different. It is an object to provide a release method and an air conditioner.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a refrigerant circuit and a control circuit of an air conditioner.

2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of defrosting operation canceling according to the present invention;

3 is a view showing a time change of the operating current I of the compressor 10 during defrost operation.

4 is a graph showing the difference between the reference current value of the defrosting operation cancellation and the operation current value of the compressor in the flowchart of FIG. 2;

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: outdoor unit

2: indoor unit

3a, 3b: Piping between units

4a to 4e: wiring between units

10: compressor

11: outdoor heat exchanger

12: outdoor blower

13: 4-way valve

14: expansion valve

15: accumulator

16a, 16b: service valve

17: terminal board

20: indoor heat exchanger

21: indoor blower

22: room temperature sensor

23: indoor control unit

24: power relay

25: current sensor

26: receiver

27: plug

28: wireless remote control

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner having a compressor and capable of defrosting operation, comprising: detecting means for detecting an operating current value of the compressor during defrosting operation; Based on the operating current value detected by the means, a reference current value as a reference for defrosting operation release is obtained, and after calculating the reference current value, the operating current of the compressor detected by the detecting means is compared with the reference current value, and the comparison And control means for releasing the defrosting operation based on the result.

In the above air conditioner, the control means releases the defrosting operation when the operating current value is equal to or greater than the reference current value.

In the above air conditioner, the control means has a memory for storing a predetermined variable in advance, and based on the operating current value of the compressor during the defrosting operation and the variable stored in the memory, The reference current value is obtained.

In the above air conditioner, a plurality of sets of variables available for the calculation formula for defrosting operation cancellation are prepared in advance and stored in the memory, and an appropriate set of variables is appropriately selected from the plurality of sets of variables to select the formula. By calculating, the reference current value corresponding to the specification environment of the air conditioner is obtained.

In the above air conditioner, the control means obtains the reference current value based on the minimum current value and the variable within a predetermined time of the operating current of the compressor.

In the above air conditioner, the predetermined calculation formula is Id as the reference current value, F and K as the variable value, and Ik as the minimum current value of the operating current value of the compressor within a predetermined time period.

Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K

Characterized in that is represented.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of canceling defrosting operation in an air conditioner having a compressor, the method including detecting an operation current of the compressor during defrosting operation, and the operation of the compressor detected in the detection process. Obtaining a reference current value for releasing the defrost operation based on a current and one set of variable values, and releasing the defrost operation by comparing the operating current value of the compressor detected after obtaining the reference current value and the reference current value. It is characterized by consisting of a process of determining whether or not.

The method may further include a release step of releasing the defrosting operation when the operation current value of the compressor detected after the reference current value is determined in the determination process is equal to or greater than the reference current value.

In the above method, when F and K are the variable values of the set, and Ik is the minimum current value of the operating current value of the compressor within a predetermined time, the reference current value Id is

Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K

It is characterized by obtaining from the formula shown by.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, one Embodiment of this invention is described, referring FIGS. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioner which performs defrosting operation without installing an outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor or an outdoor control device in an outdoor unit. First, the outdoor unit 1 has a compressor 10 for compressing a refrigerant, and an outdoor heat exchanger 11 that performs heat exchange with the outside air to radiate heat into the atmosphere during the cooling operation, and absorb heat from the atmosphere during the heating operation. And four-way valves 13 for inverting the circulation direction of the refrigerant, expansion valves 14, accumulators 15, and service valves 16a and 16b for connecting pipes extending from the indoor units. Each device is connected by a refrigerant pipe. In addition, the outdoor unit 1 includes a built-in outdoor blower 12 for blowing air to the outdoor heat exchanger 11 and a terminal plate 17 for connecting wiring between units extending from the indoor unit.

On the other hand, the indoor unit 2 includes an indoor heat exchanger 20 for exchanging heat with indoor air, an indoor blower 21 for blowing air to the indoor heat exchanger, a temperature sensor 22 for detecting room temperature, and And an indoor control device 23 for controlling the entire air conditioner. The indoor control device 23 includes a power relay 24 for operating and stopping the compressor 10, and The current sensor 25 which detects a driving drive current value is built in. In addition, the indoor control unit 23 of the indoor unit 2 provides a wireless remote controller (hereinafter referred to as a remote control unit) which gives various instructions (setting of parameters, operation and stopping of the air conditioning unit) regarding the operation operation of the air conditioner. The receiving unit 26 of the driving information (signal) generated from the 28 and a plug 27 for receiving power supply are connected.

In the outdoor unit 1, two inter-unit pipes 3 extending from the indoor unit 2 are connected to the service valves 16a and 16b, and likewise, five pipes 3 extending from the indoor unit 2 are connected. The inter-unit wirings 4 are connected to and connected to the terminal plate 17. Here, the number of the pipes 3 between the units and the number of the wires 4 between the units need not be limited to the above values.

Here, the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

Normally, in the heating operation of the air conditioner, the four-way valve 13 is first switched to the heating operation cycle side, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 passes through the four-way valve 13 through the four-way valve 13 as shown by the broken arrow. After receiving air from the indoor blower 21 in the indoor heat exchanger 20 of the indoor unit 2 via the pipe 3a between the unit 16a and the unit, and radiating heat, the pipe 3b and the service valve 16b between the units are radiated. Return to the outdoor unit (1) via, and receives the air from the outdoor blower (12) in the outdoor heat exchanger (11) through the expansion valve (14), and absorbs the heat, and accumulates the four-way valve (13) and the accumulator Operation in the heating cycle conveyed to the compressor 10 via (15) is performed.

On the other hand, during the cooling operation, the four-way valve 13 is first switched to the cooling operation cycle side, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is transferred to the outdoor heat exchanger 11 through the four-way valve 13 as shown by the solid arrows. It is transported and receives heat from the outdoor blower 12 to radiate heat, and passes through the service valve 16b and the unit 3 pipe 3b through the expansion valve 14 to the indoor heat exchanger 20 of the indoor unit 2. And the heat absorbed by the blowing air from the indoor blower 21, passes through the inter-unit piping 3a and the service valve 16a, and returns to the outdoor unit 1, and the four-way valve 13 and the accumulator 15 ) Is transferred to the compressor (10) via) and operation in a cooling cycle is performed.

In the defrosting operation, the operation is performed in the same cooling cycle as the cooling operation time, but the outdoor blower 12 and the indoor blower 21 are blow-free operation in the low wind or in the low wind.

In the normal operation of the air conditioner, first, the plug 27 is connected to a power outlet to receive power, and the remote controller 28 selects one of operation modes of cooling operation or heating operation. The desired temperature is set as the set temperature of the remote controller 28, and the operation start instruction signal is transmitted by the operation switch. When the reception unit 26 receives an operation start instruction signal, the indoor control device 23 controls the four-way valve of the outdoor unit 1 when the operation mode is cooling operation by the operation mode received by the reception unit 26. 13) is switched to the cooling operation cycle side, and in the case of heating operation, the four-way valve 13 is switched to the heating operation cycle side, and the indoor blower 21 is turned on to receive the remote control unit received from the receiver 26 ( The temperature difference between the set temperature from 28 and the temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 22 is calculated, and the outdoor blower 12 and the power relay 24 are turned on by the temperature difference to perform the air conditioning operation.

Currently, the air conditioner is said to be in heating operation due to the heating operation being selected. At this time, when it is necessary to perform defrosting operation, the four-way valve is switched to the cooling operation cycle side to reverse the circulation of the refrigerant to perform the defrosting operation as the cooling cycle. Here, the defrosting operation as the cooling cycle means that the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger in the cooling cycle, but the outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted by the heat of the high temperature refrigerant at this time.

During the defrosting operation, if the defrosting operation release determination is made by the defrosting release mechanism described later, the defrosting operation is canceled (stopped), and the four-way valve 13 is switched to the heating operation cycle side to continue normal heating operation. .

The determination method of the defrosting operation release according to the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. When the defrosting operation is performed, the compressor operation is temporarily stopped (the power supply is turned off). After the four-way valve 13 is switched, the compressor operation is restarted (the power supply is turned on). It explains as doing.

However, after the operation of the compressor is stopped, the four-way valve 13 is switched to the cooling operation cycle side (S1), and the refrigerant circulation is set to the cooling cycle. In addition, the compressor 10 of the outdoor unit 1 is started to operate (S2) and the timer a is operated (S3). This timer a is a timer built in the indoor control apparatus for counting the operation operation start time described later or counting the time of defrosting operation.

At the start of the defrosting operation, the operating current value may become unstable depending on the model of the compressor 10. Therefore, the mask time t1 for detecting the current value of the compressor 10 (for example, for 3 seconds) may be ignored. ) And detects whether or not the timer a has passed the mask time t1 (S4). If it has not elapsed, this time elapsed check is repeated. The current value I of 10) is detected as the initial current value Is and stored in the first memory in the indoor control device 23 (S5).

Next, the current value I of the compressor 10 is also detected at regular intervals (or continuously) (S6), and the initial current value Is stored in the first memory and the detected compressor 10 A comparison is made with the current value I (S7), and if the current value I is less than the initial current value Is, it is stored in the second memory in the indoor control device 23 as the operational current value Ik (S8), If the current value I is equal to or greater than the initial current value Is, the initial current value Is is stored in the second memory as the operational current value Ik (S9).

Then, it is checked whether the timer a has elapsed a predetermined time t2 (for example, one minute) (S10). If the timer a has not passed the predetermined time t2, the flow advances to step 130 to continue the detection of the operating current value I of the compressor 10. Further, the detected current value I is compared with the operation current value Ik stored in the second memory (S140), and if the detection current value I is less than the operation current value Ik, the detection current value I is renewed. The operation current value Ik is stored in the second memory (S150). On the other hand, if the detected current value I is equal to or larger than the operational current value Ik, the current operational current value Ik is stored in the second memory as it is (S160). After that, the flow returns to step S10 to determine the elapse of the predetermined time t2 in the timer a. The above-described processing from step S10 to S160 is executed until the timer a indicates the elapse of the predetermined time t2 in step S10.

If the timer a detects the elapse of the predetermined time t2, the operation current value Ik stored in the second memory at this time and the indoor control device 23 in the indoor unit 2 are stored in advance. The calculation (Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K) is performed using the constants F and K (S11). The result is stored in the third memory in the indoor control device 23 as the reference current value Id of the defrosting operation release (S12).

Here, Ik corresponds to the minimum value of the operating current value I from the time t1 to the time t2, and the constants F and K correspond to the capacity of the compressor used, the maker or model of the compressor, or the power supply voltage. It is a predetermined value for each value. In other words, the amount of defrost (defrost rate, etc.) due to defrosting operation varies depending on the capacity of the compressor used, the model of the compressor, or the power supply voltage value. The above-described constants F and K are numerical values determined by experiments or the like so as to give an appropriate reference value judged that defrost is completed according to the capacity, model, or power supply voltage value of the compressor. Therefore, by selecting the appropriate constants (F, K) and calculating the above-mentioned equations, the appropriate reference value is determined according to the type, capacity, and / or power supply voltage value of the compressor (in consideration of the relationship between drive current and defrost according to each condition). Will be. That is, since the method of increasing the operating current (I) of the compressor changes depending on the capacity of the compressor used, the model of the compressor, or the power supply voltage value, the change is experimentally determined as F and K beforehand, The reference value suitable for each compressor is calculated | required by the minimum value Ik of the operating current value I of time t2-t1, and the appropriately selected integer value F and K. Therefore, the reference value is different for each compressor (or other power supply voltage value, etc.) having different capacities or models, and the timing of defrost release is given by the defrost time (operation current value) at which defrost is completed.

As the constants F and K, a plurality of sets are prepared in a memory other than the first to third memories in the indoor control device 23 of the indoor unit 2, for example, during production at a manufacturer, and the like. One set of appropriate numerical values is selected and set in advance.

However, even after the reference current value Id is obtained and stored in the third memory in step S12, the operating current value I of the compressor 10 during the defrosting operation is detected (S13), and this exceeds the obtained reference current value Id. (S14), if the operating current value I of the compressor 10 is less than, defrosting operation is continued as it is, and it returns to step 13, and the operating current value I of the compressor 10 is detected again, and the said The comparison with the reference current value Id (S14) is repeated. If the operating current value I of the compressor 10 is higher than the reference current value Id stored in the first to third memories in the indoor control device 23, the initial current value Is, and the The operational current value Ik is cleared (S15 to S17), the timer a is reset (S18), the defrosting operation is canceled, and the normal heating operation is returned.

Here, the calculation of the reference current value Id of the defrosting deactivation by the calculation formula in S11 of the flow chart of FIG. 2 will be described with an example. Among the plurality of numerical values prepared in the indoor control device 23 in advance, If the selected constants F and K are F = 4.78 and K = 0.591, respectively, for example, when the power supply voltage is the rated voltage Va [volts], the second memory shown in the flowchart of FIG. When the stored operational current value Ik is 3.0 [amperes] = Ia, from the calculation formula (S11) in the flowchart of FIG.

Id = Ia + (F-Ia) × K

= 3.0 + (4.78-3.0) × 0.591

≒ 4.05

In this case, the reference current value Id of the defrosting deactivation at this time is 4.05 [amps] = Ida. The defrosting operation is released at a time ta at which the reference current value Ida exceeds the current value I of the compressor 10.

On the other hand, for example, when the power supply voltage is Vb (volts) lower than the rated voltage, the voltage applied to the compressor 10 is also lowered, so that the operational current value finally stored in the second memory according to the flowchart of FIG. If Ik is also reduced to 2.5 [amperes] = Ib,

Id = Ib + (F-Ib) × K

= 2.5 + (4.78-2.5) × 0.591

≒ 3.85

In this case, the reference current value Id of the defrosting operation cancellation at this time is 3.85 [amps] = Idb. The defrosting operation is released at a time point tb when the reference current value Idb exceeds the current value I of the compressor 10.

On the contrary, for example, in the case where the power supply voltage is Vc (volts) higher than the rated voltage V, the voltage applied to the compressor 10 is also high, so that the second memory according to the flowchart of FIG. If the calculated operational current value Ik is also increased and 4O (amps) = Ic,

Id = Ic + (F-Ic) × K

= 4.0 + (4.78-4.0) × 0.591

≒ 4.46

At this time, the reference current value Id of the defrosting operation canceling is 4.46 [amperes] = Idc. The defrosting operation is released at a time tc when the reference current value Idc exceeds the current value I of the compressor 10.

3 shows the time change of the operating current I of the compressor 10 during the defrosting operation. In order to perform the defrosting operation, it is necessary to temporarily stop the operation of the compressor to reverse the refrigerant cycle. Therefore, the operating current value I of the compressor can be regarded as zero at the start of the defrosting operation. Since the defrost amount gradually increases as the inversion cycle (defrost operation) proceeds, the operating current value I of the compressor also increases. As described above, since the operating current value I is unstable at the start of the defrosting operation, the mask time t1 (for example, for 3 seconds) does not perform the determination processing of the defrosting operation cancellation.

As shown in Fig. 3, the operating current value I at time t1 corresponds to the initial current value Is, and Is is stored in the first memory. After the time t1, the comparison between the operating current value I and the initial current value Is is repeated so that the minimum operating current value (calculated current value) Ik up to the time t2 (for example, 60 seconds) is stored in the second memory. Will be remembered. After the time t2 has elapsed, the reference current value Id is determined based on the arithmetic current value Ik stored in the second memory and the constants F and K set in advance, and stored in the third memory. Subsequently, the detection of the operating current value I of the compressor 10 is continued and compared with the reference current value Id stored in the third memory so that the detected operating current value I is equal to or larger than the reference current value. Is released. At this stage, the operation cycle is reversed to return to the normal operation (here, heating operation).

Fig. 4 shows the computed current value Ik (vertical axis) finally stored in the second memory with the change Va, Vb, Vc of the power supply voltage V, and the defrosting operation time t of this compressor (horizontal axis). ) And the defrost obtained from the calculation formula of the flowchart S11 of FIG. 2 from the power supply voltages Va to Vc and the operation current values Ia to Ic finally stored in the second memory during the defrosting operation. The reference current values Ida to Idc for releasing the operation are as shown in Fig. 4, respectively, and when the power supply voltage V fluctuates in the upward direction, the reference current value Id is also high, so that the defrosting operation is released. Defrost operation without frost remaining is possible because it is not too fast. On the contrary, when the power supply voltage V fluctuates in the downward direction, the reference current value Id is also low and the release of the defrost operation may be excessively delayed. No excess defrost driving room That can be performed.

In addition, although the reference current value Id was calculated | required using the minimum value Ik of the operating current in the predetermined time area | region t2-t1 in the above-mentioned embodiment, statistical values, such as an inflection point, such as a minimum value and a maximum value, or an average value, are calculated. Although the reference current value may be obtained using the value, it is preferable to obtain the reference current value based on the minimum value. In this case, of course, the constants F and K are also different values depending on the respective cases.

In addition, although the integer (variable) was two of F and K in embodiment mentioned above, the number of integer values is not limited to two, three or more may be sufficient. By increasing the number of constants in this way, a more reliable reference current value can be obtained. In addition, it is preferable to use a constant speed compressor as the compressor of this embodiment mentioned above.

According to the above description, the present invention detects the current value of the compressor in the defrosting operation, calculates the reference current value of the defrosting operation release based on the detected current value, and obtains the reference current value, and then detects the drive current of the compressor. When the drive current value is larger than the reference current value, the defrost operation is canceled, so that the appropriate defrost operation without frost remaining or excessive defrost operation can be released.

In addition, the defrosting operation corresponding to the wide power supply voltage range can be canceled without using the indoor temperature sensor, the indoor heat exchanger temperature sensor, or the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor and without measuring the power supply voltage.

Claims (13)

In the air conditioner which has a compressor and enables defrost operation, Detecting means for detecting an operating current value of the compressor during defrosting operation, and a reference current value as a reference for defrosting operation release based on the operating current value detected by the detecting means, and after determining the reference current value, And a control means for comparing the detected operating current of the compressor with the reference current value and releasing the defrosting operation based on the comparison result. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the control means releases the defrosting operation when the operating current value is equal to or greater than the reference current value. The said control means has a memory which memorize | stores a predetermined variable previously, The predetermined | prescribed calculation formula is based on the said drive current value of the said compressor during the defrosting operation, and the said variable stored in the said memory. Air conditioner, characterized in that for obtaining the reference current value. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of sets of variables usable in the calculation formula for canceling defrosting operation are prepared in advance and stored in the memory, and an appropriate set of variables is appropriately selected from the plurality of sets of variables to calculate the calculation formula. Thereby obtaining a reference current value most suitable for the specification environment of the air conditioner. The air conditioner according to claim 3, wherein the control means obtains the reference current value based on the minimum current value and the variable within a predetermined time of the operating current of the compressor. The method according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined calculation formula is referred to as Id as the reference current value, F and K as the variable value, and Ik as the minimum current value of the operating current value of the compressor within a predetermined time period. Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K Air conditioner, characterized in that represented by. It is a defrosting operation canceling method in the air conditioner which has a compressor, Detecting an operating current of the compressor during defrost operation; Obtaining a reference current value for releasing the defrost operation based on the operating current of the compressor detected in the detecting process and one set of variable values; And deciding whether to deactivate the defrosting operation by comparing the detected operating current value of the compressor after obtaining the reference current value and the reference current value. The defrosting operation of claim 7, further comprising: a release step of releasing the defrosting operation when the operation current value of the compressor detected after the reference current value is obtained is greater than or equal to the reference current value in the determination process. How to unlock. The reference current value Id according to claim 7 or 8, wherein F and K are set to said one set of variable values, and Ik is a minimum current value of said operating current value of said compressor within a predetermined time. Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K Defrosting operation releasing method, characterized in that obtained from the formula expressed by. The air conditioner according to claim 4, wherein the control means obtains the reference current value based on the minimum current value and the variable within a predetermined time of the operating current of the compressor. The method according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined calculation formula is Id as the reference current value, F and K as the variable value, and Ik as the minimum current value of the operating current value of the compressor within a predetermined time period. Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K Air conditioner, characterized in that represented by. The method according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined calculation formula is Id as the reference current value, F and K as the variable value, and Ik as the minimum current value of the operating current value of the compressor within a predetermined time. Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K Air conditioner, characterized in that represented by. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the predetermined calculation formula assumes that Id is the reference current value, F and K are the variable values, and Ik is the minimum current value of the operating current value of the compressor within a predetermined time. Id = Ik + (F-Ik) × K Air conditioner, characterized in that represented by.