KR200337596Y1 - Building shaft pressure control apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pressure control device in a shaft that reduces the chimney effect in the shaft of a high-rise building in winter and prevents toxic smoke from entering the shaft during a fire, thereby ensuring a safe evacuation path. As a reference, the air pressure is blown to increase the pressure as it goes down to the lower floor of the lower floor, and the air is sucked and depressurized to lower the pressure as it goes to the upper floor of the upper floor. By controlling the access, it is possible to prevent noise in the lower floor portion without fear of heating costs as in the prior art, and to solve the obstacle of opening / closing the elevator door in the higher floor portion. In the event of a fire, the middle layer between the lower floor and the grievance part is controlled as a standard pressure on the shaft of the building to control positive air pressure higher than the standard pressure in all sections. It is possible to secure.

Description

Building shaft pressure control apparatus

The present invention relates to a pressure control device in a building shaft, and in particular, by controlling the pressure difference between the shaft side pressure and the indoor side pressure to prevent noise in the lower floor and the opening and closing obstacles of the elevator door in the higher floor, and to increase the pressure higher than the indoor side in case of fire. The present invention relates to a pressure control device in a building shaft, which is generated in the shaft and prevents toxic smoke from entering the shaft, thereby ensuring a safe evacuation path.

In general, in high-rise buildings in winter, low-level air is sucked up through vertical shafts in vertical shafts such as elevator shafts or staircases. On the contrary, in the upper part, air sucked up from the lower part is about to be released to the outside.

This is a typical chimney effect. This chimney effect causes high annoying noises due to the clearance of elevator doors at the lower elevator platform. In addition, due to the pressure of the air released from the elevator doors on the high floor, the opening and closing of the phenomenon does not close.

Figure 1 shows the pressure distribution showing the chimney effect in a typical high-rise building (1). In the pressure distribution diagram on the right in FIG. 1, the horizontal axis represents pressure (P) and the vertical axis represents stratification (h). Where a is the pressure inside the vertical shaft, b is the pressure in the interior space between the building envelope and the vertical shaft, and c is the atmospheric pressure of the outside air in winter.

Considering the pressure distribution diagram of FIG. 1, it can be seen that the pressure increases toward the lower part of the high rise building and the pressure decreases toward the high rise part. The dP represents the pressure difference between the vertical shaft and the indoor space at the lower floor, that is, the elevator door or the staircase door. Experimentally, when the value of the dP is 20 Pa or more, it is known that high noise occurs in the door gap.

One solution is to increase the airtightness of building envelopes, such as walls. However, this is a way to completely close the gap between curtain wheels, revolving doors, etc., which makes construction difficult and costly construction costs. This method is shown graphically in FIG. 2. In other words, if the airtightness of the building envelope is improved, the pressure line of b is moved in the a direction along the direction of the arrow. Therefore, when the pressure difference dP is reduced to within 20 Pa due to the airtightness of the outer shell, it is possible to prevent noise in the lower portion. Similar results can be obtained by varying the pressure of the indoor air conditioning system as well as the building envelope. However, this method must be very difficult construction work.

Another conventional method is Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 1985-7227 (published date: 1985.12.02).

This naturally blows or forces the outside air under the elevator shaft of a high-rise building, and the inlet air is discharged to the upper part of the elevator shaft to adjust the inside temperature of the elevator shaft to approximately the same as the outside temperature, thereby reducing the pressure difference between the elevator shaft and each floor. It is made by way of control.

However, this is a problem in that the temperature in the shaft is lowered during the winter season due to the communication with the atmosphere (external air) in the shaft and eventually increase the heating cost (fuel cost, electric charge).

The present invention was devised in consideration of the above circumstances, and it is easy to adjust the pressure in the shaft, and the construction is inexpensive, and it is a simple system that eliminates noise and obstacles of opening and closing of the elevator door during winter, and additionally poisonous smoke into the shaft in case of fire. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pressure control device in a building shaft that prevents intruders from being infiltrated so that a safe evacuation route can be secured.

The system for controlling the pressure of the shaft in the building of the present invention for achieving the above object, the blowing means for generating a flow rate of a predetermined pressure;

Duct means disposed on the wall of the shaft and connected to the blower for distributing and ejecting the amount of air generated by the blowing means to each floor wall surface in the shaft;

Air volume control means installed in the duct of each layer to control the air volume ejected from the duct;

Pressure sensing means for sensing the pressure difference between the shaft pressure and the indoor pressure for each floor;

And a controller for controlling the air volume by determining the pressure signal sensed by the pressure sensing means and controlling the pressure difference between the shaft side and the interior side.

The control means according to the present invention is connected with a fire detection sensor installed in each indoor floor of the building to form a positive pressure in the shaft higher than the indoor pressure in the event of a fire.

The primary impact plate for reducing the wind speed is located on the outlet side of the duct according to the present invention, the secondary porous plate for absorbing the kinetic energy is disposed in front of the impact plate.

The duct according to the present invention has a low-floor duct and a high-floor duct on the basis of the middle part of the building, and the low-floor duct and the high-floor duct are provided with a blower direction switching device to be selectively connected to the blower of the blower. The rack gear is installed at the same time as the blower is movable on the rail, and the rack gear is configured to be engaged with the pinion gear connected to the output end of the drive motor and to be variable in position.

The following drawings, which are attached in this specification, illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and together with the detailed description of the present invention, which serves to further understand the technical spirit of the present invention, the present invention is a matter described in such drawings. It should not be construed as limited to.

1 is a pressure distribution showing the chimney effect in a typical high-rise building.

Figure 2 is a pressure distribution diagram showing the chimney effect in a conventional building having an envelope with enhanced airtightness.

3 and 4 is a configuration diagram of the pressure control system in the building shaft according to the present invention, Figure 3 is an exemplary view of the blowing state during the winter, Figure 4 is an illustration of the blowing state in the fire.

Figure 5a, 5b is a configuration diagram of the blower switching device, Figure 5a is a state diagram of the blower blower during winter, Figure 5b is a state diagram of the blower blower in the fire.

Figure 6 is a controller connection state of the various sensing devices and driving apparatus according to the present invention.

7 is a control flowchart of the motor damper during winter in accordance with the present invention.

8 is a control flowchart of the motor damper during a fire according to the present invention.

Figure 9 is a graph showing the movement area of the pressure line in the shaft in a high-rise building according to the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

21,22: Pressure sensor

23: fire detection sensor

30: controller

31 ~ 35,59,60: Motor Damper

40: blower

42: rail

43: wheels

44: rack gear

45: drive motor

46: pinion gear

51 ~ 55: Distribution duct

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 to 6 schematically show a device for controlling the pressure of the shaft 20 in a building.

3 and 4 is a configuration diagram of the pressure control device in the building shaft according to the present invention, Figure 3 is an exemplary view of the blowing state during the winter, Figure 4 is an exemplary view of the blowing state in the fire.

Figure 5a, 5b is a configuration diagram of the blower switching device, Figure 5a is a switch state of the blower during the winter, Figure 5b is a switch state diagram of the blower in the fire.

Figure 6 is a controller connection state of the various detection apparatus and the drive device according to the present invention.

An indoor pressure sensor 21 and a shaft pressure sensor 22 are provided for measuring the pressure in the shaft 20 at each floor 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 of the building and the floor location. . 3 and 4, only five layers are shown, but it should be understood that the upper and lower layers are formed by the number of layers above the middle layer.

The indoor side pressure sensor 21 measures the indoor air pressure of each floor, and the shaft side pressure sensor 22 measures the air pressure at the corresponding position in the shaft.

These indoor pressure sensors 21 and shaft pressure sensors 22 are electrically connected to the controller 30 as shown in FIG. The controller 30 calculates the pressure difference between the pressures respectively sensed by the indoor pressure sensor 21 and the shaft pressure sensor 22, and compares the pressure difference with the set pressure difference to determine the motor damper 31, which will be described later. 32, 33, 34, 35.

The motor dampers 31 to 35 are connected to a plurality of distribution ducts 51 to 55 for inducing air blowing inside the shaft 20, and the distribution ducts 51 to 55 are used to direct the air volume to the lower and higher levels based on the middle layer. The low-level subducts 56 and the high-level subducts 57 to be distributed are provided separately.

3 and 4, a plurality of distribution ducts 51 and 52 are connected to the low-level duct 56 based on the middle layer, and a plurality of distribution ducts 53, 54 and 55 are connected to the high-level duct 57. .

The low-level subduct duct 56 and the high-level subduct duct 57 are connected via a connecting duct 58, and an opening and closing motor damper 59 is provided in the middle of the connecting duct 58.

The blower 40 is connected to the low-floor duct 56 and the high-floor duct 57, and the blower 40 is formed by the blower direction switching device to be described later. It is supposed to connect to.

One embodiment of the blower direction changer is shown in Figs. 5A and 5B. FIG. 5A illustrates a state in which a blower of the blower 40 is connected to the low-floor inductor 56, and FIG. 5B illustrates a state in which the blower of the blower 40 is connected to the high-rise deductor 57.

5A and 5B, the blower 40 includes a wheel 43 and a rack gear 44 moving on the rail 42, and the rack gear 44 is pinion connected to an output end of the driving motor 45. The gear 46 is engaged with the gear 46.

Therefore, the blower 40 is moved in accordance with the rotational direction of the drive motor 45 under the signal control of the controller 30, and the blower of the blower 40 is connected by alternatively selecting the low-rise duct 56 and the high-rise duct 57. .

On the other hand, the inner wall of the shaft 20 is located in the primary shock plate 100 to reduce the wind speed emitted from the distribution ducts (51 ~ 55), the front of the impact plate 100, the secondary for absorbing the kinetic energy Preferably, the porous plate 102 is disposed.

Reference numeral 60 denotes a motor damper that adjusts the discharge blow air volume of the blower 40.

On the other hand, in the present invention, in order to prevent the fire smoke, such as toxic gas generated when a fire occurs on the indoor side is introduced into the shaft, a fire detection sensor 23 is installed on the indoor side of each floor, this fire detection The sensor 23 is electrically connected to the controller 30, and when the fire detection signal is received, the controller 30 outputs a signal for opening all of the motor dampers 31 to 35, and at the same time, the driving motor 45. Is controlled to connect the blower port of the blower 40 to the high-rise subduct 57 (see FIG. 5B).

The control method and operation of the pressure control device configured as described above will be described by dividing it into winter time and fire time.

<Control method during winter season>

3 is a state in which the blower port of the blower 40 is connected to the low-floor side conduit 56 during the winter season, and the motor damper 59 for opening and closing is closed. At this time, the control system is operated as shown in the control flowchart of FIG. 7.

First, at the corresponding position of the shaft 20, the shaft-side pressure and the room-side pressure are respectively sensed by the pressure sensors 21 and 22 of the corresponding floor (S70).

Next, the value of the measured pressure difference detected by the pressure sensors 21 and 22 is compared with the value of the pressure difference set by the controller 30. In this embodiment, the value of the set pressure difference is limited to 20 Pa.

When the measured pressure difference is a positive pressure greater than the set pressure difference (parts hatched in the + region in FIG. 9), the signal is controlled so that the motor dampers 51 and 52 are opened so that the blowing pressure is applied into the shaft at the corresponding position of the shaft 20. When (S72), the measured pressure difference is a negative pressure smaller than the set pressure (hatched in the-region in Fig. 9), the signal is controlled so that the motor dampers 53 to 55 are opened so that the pressure within the shaft at the corresponding position of the shaft 20 is increased. Inhaling the air to reduce the pressure (S75).

Such boosting and depressurizing operations occur substantially simultaneously with respect to the intermediate layer in the shaft.

At this time, it is determined whether the measured pressure difference is within the set pressure difference in the blowing pressurization step (S72) (S73), and when the pressure difference is within 20 Pa, the lower floor side motor dampers (51, 52) are closed to stop the blowing (S74), and the measurement. If the pressure difference does not satisfy the set pressure difference, the motor dampers 51 and 52 are opened to continuously perform the blowing pressurization.

In addition, in the suction depressurization step (S75), it is determined whether the measured pressure difference is within a set pressure difference (S76), and when the pressure difference is within 20 Pa, closing the motor dampers 53 to 55 to stop air intake (S77) and measuring the difference. If the pressure difference does not satisfy the set pressure difference, suction depressurization of the motor dampers 53 to 55 is continued.

Therefore, in FIG. 9, the shaft side pressure line a approaches the same slope as the interior side pressure line b, which means that the difference between the shaft side pressure and the interior side pressure is less than or equal to the set pressure. Noise generation is suppressed, and the opening and closing disorder phenomenon of the high-rise side elevator door does not occur.

<In case of fire>

When a fire occurs, as shown in Figure 8, the fire sensor 23 of the floor detects the fire, the detected fire signal is input to the controller (30). Therefore, as soon as the fire is released, the controller 30 drives the drive motor 45 to rotate the pinion gear 46, and the rack gear 44 meshed with the pinion gear 46 moves linearly, as shown in FIG. 5B. The tuyere of the 40 is connected to the high-rise duct 57, and at the same time the controller 30 opens the motor damper 59 for opening and closing to connect the high-rise duct 57 and the low-rise duct 56, and all the motor dampers ( 51 ~ 55) open operation. At this time, the motor damper 60 is closed.

Next, when the controller 30 drives the blower 40, the blowing is blown through the distribution ducts 51 to 55 via the motor dampers 51 to 55 to pressurize the blowing air in the shaft 20.

Therefore, the pressure in the shaft 20 appears to be a positive pressure higher than the pressure in the room side, thereby. It is possible to secure a safe evacuation route (emergency passage) because smoke such as fire toxic gas generated inside the shaft does not penetrate into the shaft.

On the other hand, when blowing air is pressurized into the shaft 20 during a winter season or a fire, the air ejected into the shaft is alleviated by the primary shock plate 100, and the absorption of the impact kinetic energy is absorbed by the secondary porous plate 102. It reduces the noise caused by the blowing.

As described above, although the present invention has been described by way of limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the technical idea and the following of the present invention are provided by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Of course, various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of equivalents of the claims to be described.

As described above, according to the pressure control device in the building shaft of the present invention, in the winter season, the building shaft is pressurized to increase the pressure toward the lower floor of the lower floor based on the middle floor, and the pressure is lowered toward the higher floor of the upper floor. By inhaling and depressurizing the air, the slope of the pressure diagram in the shaft according to the building height is controlled so as to approach the slope of the pressure diagram in the interior floors. The obstacle of opening and closing can be solved.

In the event of a fire, the middle layer between the lower floor and the grievance part is controlled as a standard pressure on the shaft of the building to control positive air pressure higher than the standard pressure in all sections. It is possible to secure.

In addition, since the building envelope is not confidential, there is no great difficulty in constructing the system, and the device is simple to install and can be constructed at low cost.

Claims (4)

In the device for controlling the pressure of the shaft 20 in the building, A blower 40 for generating a flow rate of a predetermined pressure; Duct means disposed on the wall of the shaft 20 and connected to the blower 40 for distributing and discharging the air volume generated by the blower 40 to the wall surfaces of the floors in the shaft 20; Air volume control means installed in the duct of each layer to control the air volume ejected from the duct; Pressure sensing means for sensing a pressure difference between the pressure at the shaft 20 and the pressure at the room for each floor; And a controller (30) for controlling the air volume by judging the pressure signal sensed by the pressure sensing means, and controlling the pressure difference between the shaft side pressure and the indoor side. The method of claim 1, The control means pressure control device in the building shaft, characterized in that connected to the fire detection sensor 23 installed in each indoor floor of the building to form a positive pressure in the shaft 20 higher than the indoor pressure in the event of a fire. The method of claim 1, The primary impact plate 100 for reducing the wind speed is located on the outlet side of the duct, the front of the impact plate 100, the building shaft, characterized in that the secondary porous plate 102 for absorbing the kinetic energy is disposed Internal pressure control device. The method of claim 1, The duct has a low rise duct 56 and a high rise duct 57 based on the middle part of the building, and the low rise duct 56 and the high rise duct 57 are connected to a blower of the blower 40 so as to be selectively connected. A switching device is provided, The blower direction switching device allows the blower 40 to move on the rail 42 and installs a rack gear 44, which is installed in the pinion gear connected to the output end of the drive motor 45. A pressure control device in the building shaft, characterized in that the gear is configured to engage the 46 and the position variable.