KR20030094675A - A sea water desalting device - Google Patents

A sea water desalting device Download PDF

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KR20030094675A
KR20030094675A KR1020020031921A KR20020031921A KR20030094675A KR 20030094675 A KR20030094675 A KR 20030094675A KR 1020020031921 A KR1020020031921 A KR 1020020031921A KR 20020031921 A KR20020031921 A KR 20020031921A KR 20030094675 A KR20030094675 A KR 20030094675A
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gas
water
generating
seawater
basin
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KR100485500B1 (en
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박근원
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박근원
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/18—Alkaline earth metal compounds or magnesium compounds
    • C25B1/20—Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a sea water desalting apparatus producing H2O by electrolysis while generating NaOH as byproducts, but not generating concentrates so that a secondary process to treat the concentrates is not needed. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises an electrolysis basin(10) with a cathode electrode(11) and an anode electrode therein(13) for generating O2 gas and H2 gas from sea water, the electrolysis basin(10) having a NaOH drain hole(17) at the bottom thereof for discharging the byproducts, NaOH, of electrolysis, a water generating basin(20) for producing fresh water H2O by collecting the O2 gas and the H2 gas generated from the electrolysis basin(10), wherein the water generating basin(20) has a plurality of compartments(21) therein alternatively coupled to both opposite sides thereof for providing zigzagged passage therein, an air vent(25) controlled by inner pressure of the basin at the top thereof, and a fresh water drain hole(27) at the bottom thereof, an intake duct(30) for collecting the H2 and O2 gas and introducing the collected gas to the water generating basin(20).

Description

해수 담수화 장치{A SEA WATER DESALTING DEVICE}Sea water desalination unit {A SEA WATER DESALTING DEVICE}

본 발명은 해수 담수화장치에 관한 것으로서, 특히 전기분해를 이용하여The present invention relates to a seawater desalination apparatus, in particular using electrolysis

산소(O2)와 수소(H2) 기체를 발생시키고, 발생기 산소와 수소를 포집하여 담수(H2O)를 얻음과 동시에 잔류물로서 수산화나트륨(NaOH)를 얻도록 하는 간단한 구성으로 잔류 농축액을 발생시키지 않고 별도의 에너지가 필요하지 않으며 운용 및 관리비용을 현저히 절감토록 하는 해수 담수화 장치에 관한 것이다.Residual concentrate in a simple configuration that generates oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gases, captures generator oxygen and hydrogen to obtain fresh water (H 2 O), and at the same time obtains sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a residue. The present invention relates to a seawater desalination device that does not generate energy, does not require any energy, and significantly reduces operating and management costs.

근래에 수자원 고갈에 대한 대책의 일환으로 해수를 담수화하는 기술들이 제안 사용되고 있다.Recently, as a countermeasure against the depletion of water resources, techniques for desalination of seawater have been proposed and used.

일반적으로 해수 담수화 기술은 가열방식과, 전기분해방식이 제안 되어있으나, 상기 가열방식은 가열하는데 많은 에너지와 소요시간이 요구되는 비경제적인 문제점 등으로 최근에는 전기분해방식이 채택되고 있다.In general, the seawater desalination technology has been proposed a heating method and an electrolysis method, but the heating method has been adopted in recent years due to an uneconomical problem that requires a lot of energy and time required for heating.

상기 전기분해를 이용하는 종래 기술은 이온 교환막을 이용하는 전기투석방식으로서 음이온교환막, 양이온교환막을 격간으로 구비하고 펌프의 강제 펌핑력에 의해 해수를 공급하면서 음이온교환막와 양이온교환막에 소정의 전원을 인가하여 담수를 배출토록 하는 것이다.The conventional technique using the electrolysis is an electrodialysis method using an ion exchange membrane, which is provided with an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane at intervals, and supplies fresh water to the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane while supplying seawater by a forced pumping force of the pump to supply fresh water. To let it out.

즉, 음이온교환막에 음이온을 통과시키면 음이온은 해수속에 포함되어 있는 염소(Cl), 유산염(S), 중탄산염(HCl3), 초산염(NO3)을 분해하게 되며, 양이온 교환막에 양이온을 통과시키면 해수속에 포함되어 있는 나트륨(Na), 칼륨(k), 칼슘(Ca), 마그네슘(Mg), 철(Fe)을 분해하게 되어 담수를 얻을 수 있도록 하는 것이다.In other words, if an anion is passed through the anion exchange membrane, the anion decomposes chlorine (Cl), lactate (S), bicarbonate (HCl 3 ) and acetate (NO 3 ) contained in the seawater. Sodium (Na), potassium (k), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) contained in the decomposed to obtain fresh water.

그러나 이와 같은 종래 기술은 잔류 농축액을 발생시킴으로서 이를 별도로 처리해야 되는 문제점이 있었다.However, this prior art has a problem that must be treated separately by generating a residual concentrate.

상기 잔류 농축액에는 중금속이 함유될 수 있음으로 그대로 투기할 경우, 해양이나 대지가 오염되어 자연을 파괴하게 되는 심각한 문제점이 있음으로 이를 다시 재처리하기 위한 이중의 처리시설이 요구되었다.Since the residual concentrate may contain heavy metals, when dumped as it is, there is a serious problem that the sea or the earth is contaminated to destroy nature, so a dual treatment facility is required to reprocess it.

또한, 이온교환막에 부착되는 스케일로 인하여 고가의 이온교환막을 정기적으로 교체시켜주어야 하기 때문에 운전 및 유지비용이 막대하고, 고압펌프를 구동시키기 위하여 별도의 동력이 요구되는 등, 장치가 복잡하고 운용 및 관리가 어려운 문제점이 있었다.In addition, due to the scale attached to the ion exchange membrane, the expensive ion exchange membrane needs to be replaced regularly, so the operation and maintenance costs are enormous, and a separate power is required to drive the high pressure pump. There was a difficult problem to manage.

본 발명은 상기한 문제점을 해소하기 위하여 안출된 것으로서,The present invention has been made to solve the above problems,

본 발명의 목적은, 해수를 전기분해하여 산소(O2)와 수소(H2) 기체를 발생시키고, 발생기 산소와 수소를 포집하여 이들의 결합으로 담수(H2O)를 얻음과 동시에 그 부산 잔류물로서 수산화나트륨(NaOH)를 얻도록 하는 간단한 구성으로서,An object of the present invention is to electrolyze seawater to generate oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gases, to capture generator oxygen and hydrogen, and to obtain fresh water (H 2 O) by combining them with the by-product. As a simple configuration to obtain sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a residue,

설비비용이 저렴하고, 잔류 농축액이 발생되지 않아 2차처리가 불필요하여 자연친화적이며, 별도의 구동 에너지가 필요하지 않고 운용 및 관리비용을 현저히 절감토록 하는 극히 경제적인 해수 담수화 장치를 제공함에 있다.The low cost of the equipment, no residual concentrate is generated, so the secondary treatment is unnecessary, so it is eco-friendly, and it provides an extremely economical seawater desalination device that does not require a separate driving energy and significantly reduces the operation and management costs.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 일 실시예의 개략적인 구성도1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment according to the present invention

*도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: 본 발명의 해수 담수화 장치1: Seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention

10: 기체발생 전해조 11: 음극10: gas generation electrolyzer 11: cathode

13: 양극 15: 해수유입구13: anode 15: seawater inlet

17: 배출구 19: 정류기17: outlet 19: rectifier

20: 물 생성조 21: 격막20: water generating tank 21: diaphragm

23: 지그재그 통로 25: 배출구23: zigzag passage 25: outlet

27: 출수구 30: 흡기덕트27: outlet 30: intake duct

상기한 목적을 달성하는 본 발명에 따른 해수 담수화 장치는,Seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention for achieving the above object,

전기분해를 이용하여 해수를 담수화하는 장치에 있어서,In the device for desalination of seawater using electrolysis,

해수를 전기분해하여 산소와 수소 기체를 발생시키기 위한 음극과 양극이 구비되는 기체발생 전해조와;A gas generating electrolyzer provided with a cathode and an anode for electrolyzing seawater to generate oxygen and hydrogen gas;

상기 전해조에서 발생된 산소와 수소 기체를 포집하여 소정의 압력하에서 물로 결합시키기 위한 물 생성조와:A water generating tank for capturing oxygen and hydrogen gas generated in the electrolytic cell and combining the same with water under a predetermined pressure;

상기 기체발생 전해조에서 발생된 기체를 포집하여 상기 물 생성조로 유입시키기 위한 흡기덕트를 포함하여 구성됨을 특징으로 한다.Characterized in that it comprises an intake duct for trapping the gas generated in the gas-generating electrolytic tank and introduced into the water generating tank.

본 발명의 일 실시예로서,In one embodiment of the present invention,

상기 물 생성조는 산소와 수소 기체의 결합을 촉진시키기 위하여 물 생성조에 일단이 취부된 격막을 소정 간격으로 교호로 다수 구비하여 되는 지그재그 통로를 형성하며, 상부에는 내부압력에 따라 별도의 제어부에 의하여 자동 개폐되는 배출구가 구비되고, 하방에는 생성된 물(담수)의 출수구가 구비됨을 특징으로 한다.The water generating tank forms a zigzag passage in which a plurality of diaphragms, one end of which is mounted in the water generating tank, is alternately provided at predetermined intervals in order to promote the combination of oxygen and hydrogen gas. The outlet opening and closing is provided, characterized in that the discharge port of the generated water (fresh water) is provided below.

본 발명의 일 실시예로서,In one embodiment of the present invention,

상기 기체발생 전해조는 상부에 해수유입구가 구비되고 하부에는 해수의 잔류물인 수산화나트륨을 배출하기 위한 배출구가 구비됨을 특징으로 한다.The gas-generating electrolyzer is characterized in that the sea water inlet is provided in the upper portion and the outlet for discharging sodium hydroxide which is a residue of sea water in the lower portion.

이하, 본 발명의 해수 담수화 장치에 대한 일 실시예를 첨부도면을 참조하여 보다 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 일 실시예의 개략적인 구성도이다.1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment according to the present invention.

본 발명에 따른 일 실시예의 해수 담수화 장치(1)는 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이,As shown in FIG. 1, the seawater desalination apparatus 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG.

해수를 전기분해하여 산소(O2)와 수소(H2) 기체를 발생시키기 위하여 음극(11)과 양극(13)이 구비되는 기체발생 전해조(10)와, 상기 전해조(10)에서 발생된 산소(O2)와 수소(H2) 기체를 포집하여 소정의 압력하에서 물(H2O)로 결합시키기 위한 물 생성조(20)와, 상기 기체발생 전해조(10)에서 발생된 기체를 포집하여 상기 물 생성조(20)로 유입시키기 위한 흡기덕트(30)를 포함하여 구성되었다.A gas generating electrolyzer 10 having a cathode 11 and an anode 13 to generate oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gases by electrolyzing seawater, and oxygen generated in the electrolyzer 10. Water generation tank 20 for capturing (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gas to combine with water (H 2 O) under a predetermined pressure, and by collecting the gas generated in the gas-generating electrolytic cell 10 It was configured to include an intake duct 30 for flowing into the water generating tank (20).

상기 물 생성조(20)는 소정의 압력이 유지되도록 하며, 산소(O2)와 수소(H2) 기체의 결합을 촉진시키기 위하여 물 생성조(20) 내벽에 일단이 취부된 격막(21)을 소정 간격으로 교호로 다수 구비하여 되는 지그재그 통로(23)를 형성하며, 상부에는 내부압력에 따라 별도의 제어부에 의하여 자동 개폐되는 배출구(25)가 구비되고, 하방에는 형성된 담수의 출수구(27)가 구비되었다.The water generating tank 20 maintains a predetermined pressure, and the diaphragm 21 having one end mounted on the inner wall of the water generating tank 20 to promote the combination of oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gas. A plurality of zigzag passages 23 are formed alternately at predetermined intervals, the upper portion is provided with a discharge port 25 that is automatically opened and closed by a separate control unit according to the internal pressure, the discharge water outlet 27 of the fresh water formed below Was provided.

상기 기체발생 전해조(10)는 상부에 해수유입구(15)가 구비되고 하부에는 해수의 잔류물인 수산화나트륨(NaOH)을 배출하기 위한 배출구(17)가 구비된다.The gas generating electrolyzer 10 is provided with a seawater inlet 15 at an upper portion thereof and an outlet 17 for discharging sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a residue of seawater, at a lower portion thereof.

상기 전해조에 설치되는 전극(11)(13)은 불용성 전극으로 구성되고, 직류 정류기(19)가 부여되었다.The electrodes 11 and 13 provided in the electrolytic cell were composed of insoluble electrodes, and a DC rectifier 19 was provided.

이와 같은 본 발명에 따른 일 실시예의 동작상태를 살펴 본다,Looking at the operation of the embodiment according to the present invention as described above,

예를 들어 상기 기체발생 전해조(10)를 500ℓ들이로 형성하여 음극(-)과 양극(+)의 두 전극(11)(13)을 대칭형태로 조립 설치한 뒤 해수를 유입시키고, 이 두전극에 28V 전후의 직류전원을 공급하며 20A 전후의 전류를 약 1시간 도통시키게 되면, 전해조(10)의 양극(+)(13)에서는 산소(O)기체가, 음극(-)(11)에서는 수소(H) 기체가 기포상태로 발생하고, 이 발생된 기체를 흡기덕트(30)에 의하여 포집, 상부에 설치된 소정의 압력이 작용되는 물 생성조(20)로 유입시켜 여기에서 산소(H2)와 수소(O2)의 결합이 이루어져 물(담수)이 생성된다.For example, the gas-generating electrolytic cell 10 is formed into 500 l, and two electrodes 11 and 13 of the negative electrode (+) and the positive electrode (+) are assembled in a symmetrical form, and then seawater is introduced therefrom. When a DC power supply of about 28V is supplied to the circuit and a current of about 20A is conducted for about 1 hour, oxygen (O) gas is generated at the positive electrode (+) 13 of the electrolytic cell 10 and hydrogen at the negative electrode (-) (11). (H) by the gas is caused to bubble state, and introducing the generated gas into the intake duct 30, the water produced chamber 20 is a predetermined pressure acting installed to the absorption, the top by oxygen where (H 2) Is combined with hydrogen (O 2 ) to produce water (fresh water).

이 때 두 기체가 반응하여 생성되는 물의 양은 약 0.3㎥ 정도가 되며 이것은 하방의 출수구(27)를 통하여 배출된다.At this time, the amount of water generated by the reaction of the two gases is about 0.3 m 3, which is discharged through the outlet port 27 below.

상기 물 생성조(20)의 교호로 구비되는 격막(21)으로 이루어지는 지그재그 통로(23)는 기체의 물 생성조(20) 체류시간을 늘려주어 산소와 수소의 결합을 촉진시켜 주며 물 생성조(20)의 압력이 소정 압력을 초과할 경우에는 상기 배출구(27)가 별도의 제어부에 의하여 열리게 되어 기체발생 전해조(10)로부터 유입된 염소(Cl2), 미처 결합되지 않은 기체상태의 수소 및 산소가 배출된다.The zigzag passage 23 formed of the diaphragm 21 alternately provided with the water generating tank 20 increases the residence time of the water generating tank 20 to promote the bond between oxygen and hydrogen, and the water generating tank ( When the pressure of 20) exceeds the predetermined pressure, the outlet 27 is opened by a separate control unit so that the chlorine (Cl 2 ) introduced from the gas generating electrolyzer 10, the hydrogen and oxygen in the gaseous state are not combined. Is discharged.

발생기체가 기화된 상기 기체발생 전해조(10)에는 공업용 자재로 사용되는 수산화나트륨(NaOH)이 남게 되고, 상기 배출구(17)를 통하여 배출시킨다.Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is used as an industrial material, remains in the gas generating electrolyzer 10 in which the generated gas is vaporized, and is discharged through the outlet 17.

본 발명은 별도의 제어장치에 의하여 자동제어 됨이 바람직하다.The present invention is preferably controlled automatically by a separate control device.

이와 같이 본 발명에 따른 해수 담수화 장치(1)는 해수를 전기분해하여 산소(O2)와 수소(H2) 기체를 발생시키고, 상기 발생기 산소와 수소를 포집하여 결합이 이루어지도록 하는 간단한 구성으로서, 담수를 얻음과 동시에 그 부산 잔류물로서 수산화나트륨(NaOH)를 얻도록 하는 것이다.As described above, the seawater desalination apparatus 1 according to the present invention is a simple configuration that electrolyzes seawater to generate oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gas, and captures and combines the generator oxygen and hydrogen. At the same time, fresh water is obtained and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is obtained as a by-product residue.

또한, 본 발명은 종래 기술의 문제점이었던 잔류 농축액이 발생되지 않아 자연친화적이며, 구조가 간단하고 별도의 에너지가 필요하지 않으며 운용 및 관리비용이 현저히 절감된다.In addition, the present invention is a nature-friendly, it does not generate the residual concentrate, which was a problem of the prior art, the structure is simple, does not require a separate energy and operation and management costs are significantly reduced.

본 발명은, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 벗어나지 않는 범위내에서 여러 가지 치환, 변형 및 변경이 가능하므로, 전술한 실시예 및 도면에 한정되는 것은 아니다.As those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, various permutations, modifications, and changes can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It is not.

이상에서 상세히 살펴본 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 해수 담수화 장치는,As described in detail above, the seawater desalination apparatus according to the present invention,

해수를 전기분해하여 발생되는 발생기 산소(O2)와 수소(H2)를 포집, 소정압력하에서 결합이 이루어지도록 하여 담수(H2O)를 얻음과 동시에 그 부산 잔류물로서 수산화나트륨(NaOH)를 얻도록 하는 구성으로서,Generator oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) generated by electrolysis of sea water are collected and combined under a predetermined pressure to obtain fresh water (H 2 O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a by-product residue. As a configuration to obtain

구성이 간단하여 설비비용이 저렴하고, 종래 기술의 문제점이었던 잔류 농축액이 발생되지 않아 2차처리가 불필요한 자연친화적인 기술이며, 별도의 에너지가 필요하지 않고 운용 및 관리비용을 현저히 절감토록 하는 등 여러면으로 잇점을 갖는 극히 경제적인 기술이다.Simple configuration, low equipment cost, no residual concentrate, which was a problem of the prior art, is a nature-friendly technology that does not require secondary treatment, and it does not require extra energy and significantly reduces operating and management costs. It is an extremely economical technology that benefits from cotton.

Claims (3)

전기분해를 이용하여 해수를 담수화하는 장치에 있어서,In the device for desalination of seawater using electrolysis, 해수를 전기분해하여 산소(O2)와 수소(2H2) 기체를 발생시키기 위한 음극과 양극이 구비되는 기체발생 전해조와;A gas generating electrolyzer having an anode and a cathode for electrolyzing seawater to generate oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (2H 2 ) gases; 상기 전해조에서 발생된 산소(O2)와 수소(2H2) 기체를 포집하여 소정의 압력하에서 물(H2O)로 결합시키기 위한 물 생성조와:A water generation tank for collecting oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (2H 2 ) gas generated in the electrolytic cell and combining the oxygen (O 2 ) gas with water (H 2 O) under a predetermined pressure; 상기 기체발생 전해조에서 발생된 기체를 포집하여 상기 물 생성조로 유입시키기 위한 흡기덕트를 포함하여 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 해수 담수화 장치.Seawater desalination device characterized in that it comprises an intake duct for trapping the gas generated in the gas-generating electrolytic tank and introduced into the water generation tank. 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 물 생성조는 산소(O2)와 수소(H2) 기체의 결합을 촉진시키기 위하여 물 생성조에 일단이 취부된 격막을 소정 간격으로 교호로 다수 구비하여 되는 지그재그 통로를 형성하며, 상부에는 내부 압력에 따라 별도의 제어부에 의하여 자동 개폐되는 배출구가 구비되고, 하방에는 생성된 물(담수)의 출수구가 구비됨을 특징으로 하는 해수 담수화 장치.The water generating tank forms a zigzag passage in which a plurality of diaphragms having one end mounted in the water generating tank are alternately provided at predetermined intervals in order to promote the bonding of oxygen (O 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) gas, and an internal pressure thereon. The discharge port is automatically provided by a separate control unit according to the seawater desalination apparatus, characterized in that provided below the water outlet of the generated water (fresh water). 제 1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 기체발생 전해조는 상부에 해수유입구가 구비되고 하부에는 해수의 잔류물인 수산화나트륨(NaOH)을 배출하기 위한 배출구가 구비됨을 특징으로 하는 해수 담수화 장치.The gas generating electrolyzer has a seawater inlet at the top and a seawater desalination device having a discharge port for discharging sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which is a residue of seawater at the bottom.
KR10-2002-0031921A 2002-06-07 2002-06-07 A sea water desalting device KR100485500B1 (en)

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