KR20030089743A - Method for manufacturing the protein-rich feed from animal by-products to breed livestock and fish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a method for manufacturing a high protein feedstuff for fishes and animals by decomposing waste matters of animals with an alkaline solution and extracting decomposed protein with a acid solution. Therefore, manufacturing time is reduced, the generation of wastewater is inhibited maximumly to prevent environmental pollution, and manufacturing cost is reduced. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a high protein feedstuff comprises the steps of: collecting waste matters of animals and dipping them in NaOH solution of pH 10; heating the NaOH solution to 50-80 deg.C and holding it for 10-20 minutes to decompose and liquify proteins contained in the by-product; solidifying and simultaneously neutralizing the liquified protein solution by adding HCL solution; and collecting the sludge containing solidified protein and drying it to give a high protein feedstuff.

Description

METHODO FOR MANUFACTURING THE PROTEIN-RICH FEED FROM ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS TO BREED LIVESTOCK AND FISH}

The present invention relates to a method for producing a high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues, and more specifically, to completely reduce the proteinaceous animal residues in the alkaline solution in order to shorten the production time and prevent environmental pollution, and then to an acidic solution The present invention relates to a method for producing high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues to which proteins are degraded.

In general, animal residues (hair, bones, intestines, etc.) generated in slaughterhouses and fish processing processes are by-products having a very high protein content, and when these by-products are left untreated or landfilled, odors and leachate are generated, resulting in environmental pollution. Have a profound impact on

Even when the animal residues are incinerated, the cost of drying the animal residues and the cost of incineration are increased, and environmental pollution due to soot and incineration ashes is a problem, and such incineration facilities are classified as aversive and environmental pollution facilities. There is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a facility permit from the authorities.

In order to solve the problems of the above-mentioned general treatment method, some of the animal residues are disposed of in the above-described process, and some of them have been proposed to be used as organic fertilizers of crops by fermentation by fermentation. The recycling rate of the by-products falls, and there is a problem that the utilization efficiency is lowered by simply recycling the fertilizer.

In addition, a method of preparing animal feed as a protein feed has been proposed, but the high temperature manufacturing method has a high moisture content of the final manufactured feed, which leads to high drying costs, poor preservation, and easily decayed,

In particular, even if used as a raw material of the blended feed, the moisture content in the blended feed increases because of the excessive cost of drying, and because the protein feed is very coarse and coarse, even if the livestock is eaten because the protein is degraded as a feed There is a problem that the efficiency is lowered.

Due to this problem, fish meal, feather powder, meat meal, soybean meal, etc., which are protein sources of compound feed currently consumed in Korea, depend on imports of tens of millions of tons (95% of total consumption) per year. In terms of amount, huge foreign currency is lost.

In order to solve the above problems, as disclosed in Korean Patent Publication No. 1995-6991, the animal residues are shredded and mixed with various preservative materials and moisture control agents, and then under high temperature (140 ° C.) / High pressure (3 kg / cm 2). Disclosed is a method for preparing livestock feed which is cooked and then injection molded and cut into a predetermined size.

However, although the above-mentioned feed manufacturing method has solved the problem of the conventional protein feed manufacturing method to some extent, by adding various additives expensive to animal residues and cooking them under high temperature / high pressure, a large amount of chemical and facility investment costs are required. There is a problem that the manufacturing cost rises,

As the feed process is composed of cutting → mixing → cooking → molding → cutting process, there is a problem in time that it takes a long time to feed because of the long manufacturing process,

In addition, environmental pollution is a serious problem due to the generation of odor and slaughter wastewater in the manufacturing process,

More importantly, since the feed for livestock produced by the above manufacturing method is coarse and rough, there is a problem in that the degradation efficiency of the feed is lowered as the protein is degraded in the intestine when the livestock is eaten.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is to liquefy by completely decomposing the animal residue in the alkaline sodium hydroxide solution that can decompose the protein contained in the animal residue, and then liquefied by adding an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution therein The present invention provides a method for producing high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues that extracts and separates proteins and neutralizes alkaline solutions to produce feed containing fine protein particles.

1 is a process flow diagram illustrating a process of a method for producing a high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues according to the present invention.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of collecting animal residues from slaughterhouses and fish processing plants and immersing them in an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution maintained at pH 10; Heating the aqueous solution in which the animal residue is deposited to 50 to 80 ° C., and then maintaining the solution for 10 to 20 minutes to completely disintegrate and liquefy the protein contained in the byproduct; Adding an aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution to the aqueous solution where the protein is decomposed and liquefied, thereby solidifying and neutralizing the protein; Recovering the sludge containing the solidified protein provides a method for producing a high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues, characterized in that it comprises a step of drying the powdered high protein feed.

In addition, the present invention is the step of completely liquefied liquefied protein contained in the by-product high protein for animal and fish from animal residues, characterized in that comprises a sieving process for the removal of impurities, liquefied protein Provide a method of preparing feed,

Recovering the sludge containing the solidified protein is a method for producing high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues, characterized in that it comprises a step of washing and dehydrating the recovered protein sludge for high quality feed Will be provided.

Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the present invention will be described in detail.

1 is a process flow diagram illustrating a process of a method for producing a high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention first collects animal residues from a slaughterhouse or a fish processing plant and deposits them in an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution maintained at pH 10.

The reason for immersing the collected animal residue in the sodium hydroxide solution which is a basic alkaline aqueous solution is that the base has a property of dissolving protein very well, and it is very well soluble in water among these bases so that its concentration (pH) can be easily adjusted. It is to use a relatively inexpensive sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, this sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was used for food addition.

That is, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is ionized with metal ions (Na ⁺ ) and hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ) simultaneously with greening in water, and the hydroxyl groups react with and decompose the organic protein.

Sodium hydroxide acts as described above to adjust the concentration so that the basicity of the aqueous solution is maintained to about pH (pH) 10, because the proteolytic action in the aqueous solution exceeding pH 10 has a high concentration of sodium hydroxide protein degradation Easily occurs, but there is a problem in that the amount of the acidic solution to be described later is increased, so that the cost and the final moisture content are increased,

The concentration of the proteolytic action of an aqueous solution at pH 10 is lower than a hydroxyl group (OH ^-) has a problem that the decomposition efficiency is lowered due to a lack of protein.

After depositing the animal residue in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution maintained at pH 10 as described above, the reservoir containing the animal residue is heated to 50 ~ 80 ℃, and maintained for 10 to 20 minutes to completely decompose the protein contained in the by-product.

That is, the reason for heating the reservoir is to speed up the protein decomposition rate of the hydroxyl group, and this heating has the advantage of low fuel consumption due to its own heat generated (exothermic reaction) when the hydroxyl group decomposes the organic protein,

The minimum value of the reaction temperature is 50 ° C, and heating to exceed 80 ° C speeds up the protein degradation rate, but causes a problem in manufacturing cost that the fuel economy required for heating rises sharply.

In addition, the animal residue is maintained in the storage tank heated under the above heating conditions for 10 to 20 minutes, because the protein is not completely decomposed in the reaction time of less than 10 minutes, if the reaction is more than 20 minutes There is a problem in that coarse protein is recovered in the protein extraction process described later by excessively decomposing.

When the protein is decomposed under the above conditions, the hydroxyl group reacts with the protein, generating a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) gas, generating moisture (H ₂ O), and maintaining the reaction time for about 10 to 20 minutes. Protein is completely degraded from the by-product.

The protein degradation solution is sieved (sieved) with an appropriate size of mesh to remove impurities other than animal residue, and the alkaline aqueous solution liquefied by completely decomposing the protein has a pH of 9 ~. It is about 10 and a liquid like transparent fresh water is obtained.

This clear liquid contains a large amount of protein and has a greasy texture when touched by hand and has a fishy odor. In addition, various bubbles including the CO ₂ gas generated during the liquefaction process do not occur during the cooling process.

As described above, the protein is completely dissolved in the hydroxyl group from the animal residues and decomposed, and then an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is added to extract (fixed) the decomposed protein and neutralize the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, which is a basic alkaline solution.

There are two methods for extracting the decomposed and liquefied protein, which are physical (Physical Fixations) and chemical (Chemical Fixations), but in the present invention, a chemical method is used.

In other words, the physical extraction method was excluded because the use of expensive freezing medium of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium is rapidly increased and there is no economic feasibility, and the chemical extraction method is used.

The chemical extraction method uses a coagulative fixative, and the coagulant fixing agent includes alcohol, acetone, picric acid, mercury chloride, and hydrochloric acid. Acid molecules) are added to a liquid protein-containing solution using a fixing agent such as acid to form a solid coagulum through flocculum.

In the present invention, a representative acid solution of hydrochloric acid, which is inexpensive and can neutralize the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, which is the basic alkali, was used, and the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid used was used for food addition.

That is, acidic hydrochloric acid is added as a protein fixative to an alkaline aqueous solution (pH 9-10), which is completely decomposed from animal residues, to neutralize the pH to neutrality of 6.5 and at the same time solidify the protein. Protein is white and odorless and tasteless.

The solidified protein as described above can be used as a high protein feed by drying as it is in a sludge form, but in order to produce a higher quality feed, the sludge is washed, then dehydrated and dried to grind for uniformity of the product. It is also possible to produce high quality protein feed by introducing.

The pH of the final high protein feed (pH) is maintained at a neutral level of about 6.5, and by drying the sludge state is fine grain size can be absorbed 90 ~ 95% protein digestion when eating livestock.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments.

EXAMPLE

Animal residues (feathers, pig hair, intestines, etc.) containing water were quantified to 1 kg, and the corrosion resistance of 150 ml of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution used as a food additive maintained at pH 8, 10 and 12, respectively. The metal container was deposited under the conditions shown in Table 1 below.

The protein resolution was neutralized by adding a hydrochloric acid solution used as a food additive to a proteolytic solution in each alkali solution at 1/3 times the alkali solution, that is, 50 ml, and neutralizing the final protein feed. The feed was pulverized into fine powder after drying.

In addition, the measurement of protein resolution was expressed as a percentage by measuring the amount of plasticized protein (combustion reaction) relative to the total amount of the final prepared protein feed.

That is, as shown in the table of Table 1, Examples 1 to 3 was a proteolytic reaction by maintaining the temperature of the aqueous solution at 40 ℃ or less, it was found that the final protein resolution is 35% or less,

In Examples 4, 7, 10, and 13, which were proteolytically reacted in an aqueous solution in which the sodium hydroxide solution was maintained at pH 8 and the temperature of the solution was maintained at 50 ° C. or higher, the protein resolution was relatively low at 32 to 35%. Could know.

In addition, in the case of the proteolytic reaction in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution maintained at pH 12, the neutralization degree of the final feed neutralized with acidic solution was found to be neutralized by exceeding pH 6.5.

Table 2 shows the particle size measurement results of the final prepared feed of Examples 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution was pH 10 and 12, and the resolution of the protein was 45% or more. It is shown.

The final protein feed has a different protein distribution depending on the particle size. The smaller the average particle size, the higher the protein content and the higher the digestion efficiency of the livestock.

That is, as shown in Table 2, in the case of Examples 14 to 15 when the reaction temperature of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is 90 ℃, the average particle size was shown to be greater than 130㎛ most, moreover the disadvantage that the fuel economy is raised to 90 ℃ There was this.

In addition, even when the reaction temperature of the aqueous solution is 50 ~ 80 ℃, the concentration of the aqueous solution is pH 12, the average particle size was found to be larger than the case of pH 10, this cause is caused by excessive decomposition of the alkaline component protein It is believed that the cause is due to the coarse particle size of the protein. When the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is high, the reaction conditions of the present invention have to be increased because the amount of acid solution required to neutralize the basic alkaline component is increased. Excluded from

Therefore, the appropriate sodium hydroxide concentration of the present invention was set to pH 10, and the protein decomposition temperature of the animal residue was set in the range of 50 to 80 ° C, and then the time to be deposited and limited was limited to 10 to 20 minutes.

As described above, the present invention significantly shortened the feed production time to 1/3 level compared to the process of feeding the animal residues of the prior art, and prevents environmental pollution by maximizing waste water generation, and at the same time, the manufacturing equipment is very There is an advantage that the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced because it is simple, and also has a functional effect that the digestion efficiency is excellent because the protein is easily broken down in the intestine when eating livestock and fish due to the fine particle size of the prepared protein feed.

Claims (3)

Collecting animal residues from the slaughterhouse and fish processing plant and immersing them in an aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution maintained at pH 10; Heating the aqueous solution in which the animal residue is deposited to 50 to 80 ° C., and then maintaining the solution for 10 to 20 minutes to completely disintegrate and liquefy the protein contained in the byproduct; Adding an aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution to the aqueous solution where the protein is completely decomposed and liquefied to neutralize the protein and simultaneously neutralize the protein; A method for producing high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues, characterized in that it comprises the step of recovering the sludge containing the solidified protein and drying the powdered high protein feed. The method of claim 1, Completely dissolving and liquefying the protein contained in the by-products is a method for producing high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues, characterized in that it comprises a sieving process for removing impurities, and then liquefying the protein. The method of claim 1, Recovering the sludge containing the solidified protein is a method for producing high protein feed for livestock and fish farming from animal residues, characterized in that it comprises a step of washing and dehydrating the recovered protein sludge for high quality feed .