KR20030086520A - Load testing system and the method of body structure for rolling stock - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for testing load of a railroad vehicle structure are provided to precisely measure vertical load, horizontal pressing load, 3-point support, and twist load applied to the railroad vehicle structure. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for testing load of a railroad vehicle structure(100) includes a pair of vertical supporters(102,103), a plurality of hydraulic cylinders and load cells, which are installed on an upper surface of an under frame(118) of the railroad vehicle structure(100), and a strain gauge(104) installed at one side of the railroad vehicle structure(100) in order to detect stress of the railroad vehicle structure(100). A stress measuring device(108) is provided to generate resistance corresponding to stress by detecting a stress detecting signal from the strain gauge(104). An external data processing device is provided to process stress data measured by the stress measuring device(108). At least one dial gauge(114) is attached to both sides of an entrance.

Description

Load testing system and the method of body structure for rolling stock}

The present invention relates to a structure load test apparatus and method for a railway vehicle, and more specifically, to a device for measuring the vertical load, horizontal compressive load, three-point support, torsional load acting on the structure of the railway vehicle and its test It is about a method.

In general, railroads that are used as a means of transportation are gradually increasing in importance as the number of passengers increases, and they are constructed or operated to have a nationwide network. Users are demanding improvement of quality service such as securing performance, stability, comfort and technology.

In particular, the structure of railroad cars should have sufficient safety and sufficient strength for all the working forces during operation, and the side structure must bear all the vertical forces and moments generated in the body, and the underframe is equipped with the main equipment at the bottom so Consideration should be given.

However, despite these demands, there is no standardized test method for the structure of a railway vehicle, so that the structure of the vehicle has sufficient strength in the manufacture of the railway vehicle, and the allowable stress range of the material constituting the structure. Accurate test of satisfaction is not made.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve this problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a test apparatus and method for accurately measuring the vertical load, horizontal compressive load, three-point support, torsional load acting on the structure of the railway vehicle To provide.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a test apparatus and method capable of precisely testing the strength of the structure and the allowable stress of the material so as to give stability and reliability to the railroad vehicle structure.

1 is an installation of the railway vehicle structure load test apparatus according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a dial gauge mounting diagram of a railway vehicle structure load test apparatus according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a view showing for explaining the vertical load test of the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention.

4a and 4b are a plan view and a front view of a railway vehicle structure shown for explaining a horizontal compression load test of the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention.

5A, 5B and 5C are diagrams for explaining the three-point support test of the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention.

6a, 6b and 6c are diagrams for explaining the torsional load test of the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention.

*** Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing ***

100: structure 102, 103: vertical support

104: strain gauge 106: input terminal

108: stress measuring instrument 110: notebook PC

112: side seal 114: dial gauge

118: underframe 120: hydraulic cylinder

122: load cell 124: reaction wall

126: loading bar 128: fixed beam

130: torsion beam 132: pin

The present invention relates to a structure load test apparatus for a railway vehicle, and according to a first embodiment, in a vertical load test of a railway vehicle structure, a vertical support supporting the structure; A plurality of hydraulic cylinders and load cells installed on the upper surface of the structure underframe in order to add the same load; A strain gauge installed on one side of the structure to detect stress when the equal load is applied through the hydraulic cylinder; A stress measuring device for detecting a stress sensing signal from the strain gauge and generating a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge; And at least one dial gauge mounted at both ends of the entrance and exit to measure the amount of deflection of the structure side seal when the hydraulic cylinder is loaded.

In addition, the present invention described above comprises the steps of: initializing a dial gauge installed on one side of the structure and the stress value in a stress meter; Adding a constant vertical load as an equal load by a hydraulic cylinder supported on an upper surface of the structure underframe; Measuring a stress applied to a current railroad vehicle structure with the stress gauge when stress of a strain gauge installed in one side of the structure; Recording the indication value of the dial gauge to measure the amount of deflection; Repeating the above steps up to a predetermined maximum equal load; And removing all of the loads when the test is completed up to the predetermined maximum equal load.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, in a horizontal compressive load test of a railway vehicle structure, a vertical support for supporting the structure; First and second reaction walls provided with loading bars to fix the center positions of both couplers of the structure; A horizontal compression hydraulic cylinder and a load cell fixed to the one loading bar to add a horizontal compressive load at a central position of the one coupler of the structure; A plurality of vertical load hydraulic cylinders and load cells installed on the upper surface of the structure underframe for equal distribution; A strain gauge installed at one side of the structure to sense stress upon equal distribution loads applied through the plurality of hydraulic cylinders; A stress measuring device for detecting a stress sensing signal from the strain gauge and generating a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge; And at least one dial gauge mounted at both ends of the entrance and exit to measure the amount of deflection of the structure side seal when the hydraulic cylinder is loaded.

In addition, the present invention described above comprises the steps of: initializing a dial gauge installed on one side of the structure and the stress value in a stress meter; Adding a constant vertical load as an equal load by a hydraulic cylinder supported on an upper surface of the structure underframe; Measuring a stress applied to a current railroad vehicle structure with the stress gauge when stress of a strain gauge installed in one side of the structure; Recording the indication value of the dial gauge to measure the amount of deflection; Adding a constant horizontal compression load to a hydraulic cylinder fixed to one side loading bar at a center position of one coupler of the structure while maintaining the constant vertical load; Repeating the above steps up to a predetermined maximum equal load; And removing all the loads when the test is completed up to the predetermined maximum equally distributed load.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, in the three-point support test of a railway vehicle structure, four positions are formed to support the lifting pad positions between the body bolsters of the structure, and at least one of them is lowered ( A vertical support capable of falling down; A plurality of hydraulic cylinders and load cells installed on the upper surface of the structure underframe to be equally distributed; A strain gauge installed on one side of the structure for applying a uniform distribution load through the hydraulic cylinder and lowering the one vertical support and detecting the stress; A stress measuring device for detecting a stress detection signal from the strain gauge and generating a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress in the state where the one vertical support is dropped; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge; And at least one dial gauge mounted at both ends of the entrance and exit to measure the amount of deflection of the structure side seal when the hydraulic cylinder is loaded.

In addition, in the three-point support test of the railroad vehicle structure, the present invention includes the steps of: initializing a stress value and a dial gauge installed at one side of the structure in a stress measuring device; Creating a three-point support by dropping one vertical support after adding a certain vertical load with an equal distribution load with a hydraulic cylinder supported on the upper surface of the structure underframe; Measuring a stress applied to a current railroad vehicle structure with the stress gauge when stress of a strain gauge installed in one side of the structure; Recording the indication value of the dial gauge to measure the amount of deflection; Repeating the above steps up to a predetermined maximum equal load; And removing all of the loads when the test is completed up to the predetermined maximum equal load.

According to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, in a torsional load test of a railway vehicle structure, a fixed beam for supporting one body bolster of the structure is formed, and the other body bolster is rolled to enable rolling. A vertical support having a torsion beam formed at the center thereof; A hydraulic cylinder and a load cell installed to add a predetermined load to one side of an underframe upper surface of the structure fixed to the torsion beam; A strain gauge installed on one side of the structure to add a uniform distribution load through the hydraulic cylinder to sense a stress when the torsion beam is twisted; A stress measuring device for detecting a stress detection signal from the strain gauge and generating a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress in the state where the one vertical support is dropped; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge; And at least one dial gauge mounted at both ends of the entrance and exit to measure the amount of deflection of the structure side seal when the hydraulic cylinder is loaded.

In addition, in the torsional load test of the railroad vehicle structure, the present invention includes the steps of: initializing a stress value in a stress meter and a dial gauge installed at one side of the structure; Adding a constant equally distributed load to the torsion beam which is disposed at the lower side when a predetermined load is added to one side of the underframe upper surface of the structure; Measuring a stress applied to the current railroad vehicle structure with a stress meter; Measuring the amount of deflection by recording a current indication value of the dial gauge; Removing all the load after the step is completed; characterized in that consisting of.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, a structural load test apparatus and method for a railway vehicle according to the present invention will be understood by the embodiments described in detail below.

1 is a view illustrating the installation of a railway vehicle structure load test apparatus according to the present invention, in which, when testing the structure 100 of a railway vehicle, the structure 100 of the railway vehicle is fixed to an upper portion of the vertical supports 102 and 103. Strain gauges 104 are installed on the structure 100 of the railway vehicle to detect the stresses caused by vertical loads, horizontal compressive loads, three-point support and torsional loads. Through the 106, the sensing signal is sensed by the stress measuring instrument 108 to generate a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress to measure the stress and transmit the data to an external data processing apparatus such as the notebook PC 110 to process the data.

At this time, the measurement point of stress requires the part that predicts high stress as a result of the strength calculation, the sudden change of shape and cross section, the part where stress concentration such as the end of weld bead is predicted, and the welding, processing, etc. when manufacturing the structure. It is preferable to select the part to make.

On the other hand, by mounting a dial gauge 114 for measuring the amount of deflection of the structure side chamber 112 in the field, the amount of deflection can be checked during the test.

Figure 2 is a dial gauge mounting diagram of the railway vehicle structure load test apparatus according to the present invention, when detecting the stress according to the vertical load, horizontal compression load, three-point support and torsional load of the railway vehicle structure 100 ( 1 to 22 are mounted with odd (1, 3, 5, ...) numbers in the front side chamber, and even (2, 4, 6, ...) numbers are attached to the rear side chamber. Measure the amount of deflection of 100). That is, the amount of deflection of the side seal 112 is measured using the dial gauge 114, and the amount of deflection measurement points are 22 places including both ends of the entrance opening 116.

1 to 2, the railway vehicle structure 100 measures the weight with the camber before the test and attaches the strain gauge 104 to the site where high stress is expected. Since the railroad vehicle structure 100 may be considered to be symmetrical in front and rear and left and right, the strain gauge 104 is attached to the quarter area intensively, and the underframe 118 is attached to the strain gauge 104 at 1/2. Attach and check the symmetry of the load. Strain gauges 104 use single and three-axis gauges and the number is measurable about 90. About 80 strain gauges 104 are selected based on the results of the finite element analysis, and the remaining positions are determined on-site after the railroad vehicle structure 100 is observed. At this time, it is possible to adjust the installation position and quantity at the request of the administration or supervisor.

Hereinafter, the measurement test of the vertical load, the horizontal compressive load, the three point support and the torsional load will be described in detail.

First, since the railway vehicle structure 100 has no load history, a preliminary load test is performed for the stability of the vehicle body. First apply the maximum vertical load and hold for at least 1 hour, then remove the load. The compression load is also repeated two to three times after 50 tons of compression load is applied to the coupler pocket.

3 is a view for explaining the vertical load test of the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention, according to the vertical load test supports the structure 100 with the vertical support (102, 103) at the ball star spring position, the load is The hydraulic cylinder 120 is added to the upper surface of the structure underframe 118 with an equal distribution load, and then the stress is measured with a stress gauge. At this time, the stress value measured by adding the vertical load as "0 ton-> 13.0 ton-> 37.0 ton-> 45.7 ton-> 47.6 ton" must be less than the yield stress of the material.

More specifically, the test method is as follows.

(s_101) In order to set the standard value of stress, the stress gauge is initialized to zero (stress gauge initialization step).

(s_102) The initial value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. (Dial gauge initialization step)

(s_103) The hydraulic cylinder 120 adds 13.0 tonnes of vertical loads according to the above example to the upper surface of the underframe 118 with an equal distribution load. At this time, since the hydraulic cylinder 120 is controlled by measuring the magnitude of the load applied using the load cell 122, it is possible to accurately apply the desired load.

(s_104) The stress measurer 108 measures the stress applied to the current railway vehicle structure 100. (Stress measurement step)

(s_105) The indication value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. At this time, the amount of deflection is measured as the difference between the present indication value and the initial value obtained from the step s_102.

(s_106) The steps (s_102) to (s_105) are repeatedly performed until the maximum equal load (47.6 tons) according to the above example.

(s_107) Upon completion of the vertical load test, remove all loads (load removal step).

4A and 4B are a plan view and a front view of a railroad vehicle structure shown for explaining a horizontal compression load test of a railroad vehicle structure according to the present invention, whereby the horizontal compression load test is performed by the underframe of the railroad vehicle structure 100 ( 118) After the vertical load is equally distributed by using a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 120 and load cells 122 on the upper surface, the coupler center position of the vehicle body is fixed with a loading bar 126 fixed to the reaction wall 124. The stress is measured by the stress gauge 108 after the compressive load is added by using the horizontal compression hydraulic cylinder 120 and the load cell 122 at the opposite coupler center position. At this time, the stress value measured by the horizontal compressive load should be less than the yield stress of the material.

The load is applied as "0 ton-> 14.6 ton" for vertical load and "0 ton-> 25 ton-> 50 ton" for compressive load.

More specifically, the test method is as follows.

(s_201) In order to set the reference value of the stress, the stress measuring unit 108 initializes the stress value to zero (stress measuring unit initialization step).

(s_202) The initial value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. (dial gauge initialization step)

(s_203) The hydraulic cylinder 120 adds 14.6 tonnes of vertical load to the upper surface of the underframe 118 with an equal distribution load. At this time, since the hydraulic cylinder 120 is controlled by measuring the magnitude of the load applied using the load cell 122, it is possible to accurately apply the desired load.

(s_204) The stress measurer 108 measures the stress applied to the current railway vehicle structure 100. (Stress measurement step)

(s_205) The indication value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. At this time, the amount of deflection is measured as the difference between the present indication value and the initial value obtained from the step s_202.

(s-206) Add 25 tons of compressive load while maintaining 14.6 tons of vertical load according to the example above.

(s-207) The steps (s_202) to (s_206) are repeated until the maximum compressive load (50 tons) according to the above example is performed.

(s_208) Upon completion of the above compression load test, all loads are removed (load removal step).

Figures 5a, 5b and 5c is a view for explaining the three-point support test of the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention, Figure 5a is a front view in which the vertical support is installed on the railway vehicle structure, Figures 5b and 5c This is a side sectional view in which a vertical support is installed on a railway vehicle structure.

According to this, the three-point support test of the railway vehicle structure 100 supports four lifting pad positions between the body bolsters with the vertical supports 102a, 102b, 103a, and 103b, one of which is After being supported by the hydraulic cylinder 120 or the vertically movable jig, a vertical load of 14.6 ton is applied to the upper surface of the underframe 118 using the hydraulic cylinder 120, and then one vertical support 103a is dropped. After maintaining the point-supported state, the stress is measured with a stress gauge 108. At this point, the three-point support test should not cause permanent deformation. In addition, the vertical load is applied as "0 tons-> 14.6 tons".

More specifically, the test method is as follows.

(s_301) In order to set the reference value of the stress, the stress measuring instrument 108 initializes the stress value to zero (stress measuring instrument initialization step).

(s_302) The initial value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. (Dial gauge initialization step)

(s_303) The hydraulic cylinder 120 adds 14.6 tonnes of vertical loads to the upper surface of the underframe 118 with an equal distribution load, and then drops one vertical support 103a to create a three-point support state. At this time, since the hydraulic cylinder 120 is controlled by measuring the magnitude of the load applied using the load cell 122, it is possible to accurately apply the desired load.

(s_304) The stress measurer 108 measures the stress applied to the current railway vehicle structure 100. (Stress measurement step)

(s_305) The indication value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. At this time, the amount of deflection is measured as the difference between the present indication value and the initial value obtained from the step s_302.

(s-306) Upon completion of the three-point support test, remove all loads (load removal step).

6A, 6B and 6C are views for explaining the torsional load test of the railway vehicle structure according to the present invention, Figure 6a is a front view in which the vertical support is installed on the railway vehicle structure, Figure 6b and Figure 6c is a railway A side sectional view showing a vertical support mounted on a vehicle structure.

According to this, in the torsional vehicle structure 100, one body bolster of the railroad vehicle structure 100 is supported by the fixed beam 128 of the vertical supports 102a and 102b during the torsional load test, on the opposite side. The railway vehicle structure 100 supports the pin 132 by inserting the torsion beam 130 in the center of the body bolster to enable rolling, and then precisely using the hydraulic cylinder 120 and the load cell 122 near the support point. After the load is applied, the stress is measured by the stress gauge 108. The torsional load test shall be such that the stress value measured during the test is less than the yield stress of the material. In addition, "0 ton m-> 4 ton m" is applied to the load.

More specifically, the test method is as follows.

(s_401) In order to set the reference value of the stress, the stress measuring unit 108 initializes the stress value to zero (stress measuring unit initialization step).

(s_402) The initial value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. (dial gauge initialization step)

(s_403) A 4 ton equal distribution load is applied to the torsion beam 130 using the hydraulic cylinder 120. At this time, since the hydraulic cylinder 120 is controlled by measuring the magnitude of the load applied using the load cell 122, it is possible to accurately apply the desired load.

(s_404) The stress measurer 108 measures the stress applied to the current railway vehicle structure 100. (Stress measurement step)

(s_405) The indication value of the dial gauge 114 is recorded. At this time, the amount of deflection is measured as the difference between the present indication value and the initial value obtained from the step s_402.

(s-406) Upon completion of the torsional load test described above, remove all loads (load removal step).

As described above, embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the scope of the present invention extends to the range substantially equivalent to the embodiments of the present invention.

As can be seen from the above description, according to the present invention, whether the structure of the railway vehicle has safety and sufficient strength against all the working forces during operation, the side structure can bear all the vertical forces and moments generated in the vehicle body. The presence of the load eccentricity can be fully taken into account when the main equipment is mounted on the lower part of the underframe.

In addition, through such precise testing, it is possible to inject stability and reliability to rail users by producing higher quality railway vehicle structures.

Claims (12)

In the vertical load test of the railway vehicle structure, Vertical supports (102, 103) for supporting the railway vehicle structure (100); A plurality of hydraulic cylinders 120 and load cells 122 installed on the upper surface of the underframe 118 of the structure 100 with equal distribution loads; A strain gauge 104 installed at one side of the structure to detect stress when the equal load is applied through the hydraulic cylinder 120; A stress gauge (108) for detecting a stress detection signal from the strain gauge (104) to generate a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge (108); Structural load testing device for a railway vehicle, characterized in that consisting of; dial gauge 114 is attached to one or both ends of the entrance and exit to measure the amount of deflection of the structural side chamber 112 when the load of the hydraulic cylinder (120) . The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the external data processing apparatus is a notebook PC (110). In the vertical load test of the railway vehicle structure, Initializing a stress value in the stress measurer 108 (s_101); Initializing a dial gauge (114) installed at one side of the railroad vehicle structure (100) (s-102); (S_103) adding a constant vertical load to the hydraulic cylinder 120 supported on the upper surface of the structure 100 underframe 118 as a distributed load; (S_104) measuring a stress applied to the current railway vehicle structure by the stress measuring device (108) when the stress of the strain gauge (104) installed in one side of the structure (100); Measuring the amount of deflection by recording the indication value of the dial gauge 114 (s_105); Repeating the above steps up to a predetermined maximum equal load (s_106); Removing all the loads when the test is completed up to the predetermined maximum equal load (s_107); structure load test method for a railway vehicle, characterized in that consisting of. In the horizontal pressure load test of the railway vehicle structure, Vertical supports (102, 103) for supporting the railway vehicle structure (100); First and second reaction walls 124 having loading bars 126 for fixing the center positions of both couplers of the structure 100; A horizontal compression hydraulic cylinder (120) and a load cell (122) fixed to the one side loading bar (126) to add a horizontal compressive load at the central position of the coupler (100); A plurality of vertical load hydraulic cylinders 120 and load cells 122 which are installed on the upper surface of the structure underframe to be equally distributed; A strain gauge 104 installed at one side of the structure to detect stress upon equally distributed loads applied through the plurality of hydraulic cylinders 120; A stress gauge (108) for detecting a stress detection signal from the strain gauge (104) to generate a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge (108); The structure of the railway vehicle, characterized in that consisting of; dial gauge 114 which is mounted at one or both ends of the entrance and exit to measure the amount of deflection of the side seal 112 of the structure 100 when the load of the hydraulic cylinder 120 Load test device. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the external data processing apparatus is a notebook PC (110). In the horizontal compressive load test of the railway vehicle structure, Initializing the stress value to zero in the stress gauge 108 (s_201); Initializing a dial gauge (114) installed at one side of the railroad vehicle structure (100) (s_202); (S_203) adding a constant vertical load to the hydraulic cylinder 120 supported on the upper surface of the structure 100 underframe 118 as a distributed load; Measuring the stress applied to the current railroad vehicle structure (100) by the stress measuring device (108) when the stress of the strain gauge (104) installed in one side of the structure (100); Recording the indication value of the dial gauge 114 and measuring the amount of deflection (s_205); Adding a constant horizontal compressive load to a hydraulic cylinder (120) fixed to one loading bar (126) at a center of one coupler of the structure (100) while maintaining the constant vertical load (s_206); Repeating steps (s_202) to (s_206) until a predetermined maximum compressive load (s_207); Removing all the loads when the test is completed up to the predetermined maximum equally distributed load (s_208). In the three-point support test of the railway vehicle structure, Vertical supports (102, 103) formed at four locations to support the lifting pad positions between the body bolsters of the railway vehicle structure (100), and at least one of which can be lowered; A plurality of hydraulic cylinders 120 and load cells 122 installed on the upper surface of the structure 100 underframe 118 for equal distribution of loads; Strain gauge 104 is installed on one side of the structure 100 in order to add a uniform distribution load through the hydraulic cylinder 120, lower the one vertical support 103a, and then detect the stress. Wow; A stress measuring unit (108) for detecting a stress sensing signal from the strain gauge (104) and generating a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress in the state where the one vertical support (103a) is dropped; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge (108); Structural load test apparatus for a railway vehicle, characterized in that consisting of; dial gauge 114 is mounted at one or both ends of the entrance to measure the amount of deflection of the side chamber of the structure 100 when the load of the hydraulic cylinder 120 is added . 8. The structure load test apparatus for a railway vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the external data processing apparatus is a notebook PC (110). In the three-point support test of the railway vehicle structure, Initializing the stress value to zero in the stress gauge 108 (s_301); Initializing a dial gauge (114) installed at one side of the railway vehicle structure (100) (s_302); Creating a three-point support state by dropping one vertical support 103a by adding a certain vertical load with an equal distribution load to the hydraulic cylinder 120 supported on the upper surface of the underframe 118 of the structure 100. (s_303); Measuring the stress applied to the current railroad vehicle structure (100) by the stress measuring device (108) when the stress of the strain gauge (104) installed in one side of the structure (100); Measuring the amount of deflection by recording the indication value of the dial gauge 114 (s_305); And removing all the loads when the test is completed up to the predetermined maximum equal load (s_306). In the torsional load test of the railway vehicle structure, A fixed beam 128 supporting one body bolster of the railway vehicle structure 100 is formed, and the other body bolster has a vertical support having a torsion beam 130 formed at the center thereof to enable rolling. 102a, 102b); A hydraulic cylinder (120) and a load cell (122) installed to apply a predetermined load to one side of an upper surface of the underframe (118) of the structure fixed to the torsion beam (130); A strain gauge 104 installed at one side of the structure 100 to detect a stress when the torsion beam 130 is twisted by adding an equal distribution load through the hydraulic cylinder 120; A stress gauge (108) for detecting a stress detection signal from the strain gauge (104) to generate a resistance corresponding to the magnitude of the stress in the state where the one vertical support (103) is dropped; An external data processor for receiving and processing the stress data measured by the stress gauge (108); Structural load test device for a railway vehicle, characterized in that consisting of; dial gauge 114 is attached to one or both ends of the entrance to measure the amount of deflection of the side chamber of the structure 100 when the load of the hydraulic cylinder 120 . 11. The structure load test apparatus of a railway vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the external data processing apparatus is a notebook PC (110). In the torsional load test of the railway vehicle structure, Initializing the stress value to zero in the stress gauge 108 (s_401); Initializing a dial gauge (114) installed at one side of the railway vehicle structure (100) (s_402); (S_403) adding a uniform distribution load to the torsion beam 130 provided at the lower side when a predetermined load is added to one side of the upper surface of the underframe 118 of the structure 100; Measuring a stress applied to the current railroad vehicle structure 100 by using the stress gauge 108 (s_404); Measuring the amount of deflection by recording a current indication value of the dial gauge 114 (s_405); Removing all the load after the step is completed (s_406); The structural load test method of a railway vehicle, characterized in that consisting of.