KR20030085113A - Turbine for free flowing water - Google Patents

Abstract

An improved recoil turbine that can rotate unidirectionally under reversible fluid flow using a winged radial blade with bladed spiral blades that flows in an axial direction and converts some of the energy from the fluid into rotational energy to increase turbine efficiency. Converting axial flow into rotational energy allows the spiral blades of the turbine to have a larger twist angle and the turbine itself to have a smaller diameter-to-length, making the turbine smaller without compromising efficiency.

Description

TURBINE FOR FREE FLOWING WATER}

Unidirectional turbines are turbines that can provide unidirectional rotation from bidirectional or reversible fluid flows, such as tidal tails, or from varying wind directions. In general, five basic types are known: the Wells turbine, the McCormick turbine, the Darrieus turbine, the Goldberg turbine, and the Gorlov turbine. )to be.

Wells turbines are propeller-type turbines that have a series of airfoil-shaped blades arranged to extend concentrically from the rotating shaft. In general, turbines are installed in channels that direct fluid flow in a straight line along a rotating shaft axis. The blade is mounted to rotate in a plane extending radially from the rotating shaft and perpendicular to the fluid flow direction. Regardless of the direction in which the fluid flows, the blades rotate in the direction of the leading edge of the vane.

Wells turbines can rotate at high speeds. The outer ends of these blades move faster than flowing air, producing significant noise. The efficiency of the wells turbine is reduced because the effective surface area of the blade is limited to the outer tip. Such blades cannot obtain a sufficient amount of available energy in the fluid flowing close to the shaft.

McCormick turbines use a series of V-shaped rotor blades mounted concentrically between two sets of stator blades. The rotor blades are installed for rotation in a plane perpendicular to the fluid flow direction. The fixed blade directs fluid flow to the rotor blades. In order to achieve unidirectional rotation with bidirectional fluid flow, the outer stationary wing is open to the fluid flowing from one direction, while the inner stationary wing is open to the fluid flowing from the opposite direction.

McCormick turbines are quieter than wells turbines. But too slow for the direct operation of the generator. McCormick turbines are complex and expensive to manufacture.

Darius turbines are reaction turbines with straight blades oriented transverse to the fluid stream and parallel to the axis of rotation. The blade may be attached to the shaft with circumferential end plates, struts or other known structures. In some variations, the blade is bent and attached to the end of the shaft. A Darius reactionary turbine with a series of right-angled blades, mounted vertically or horizontally in a rectangular channel, is placed directly in the flowing body of water to exploit hydropower. Darius turbines rotate with strong pulsations due to the acceleration of the blades through the high pressure zones of the fluid. This powerful pulsation reduces the efficiency of the Darius turbine.

Goldberg turbines described in US Pat. No. 5,405,246, referenced in the description and drawings, and Goldberg turbines described in US Pat. No. 5,642,894, referenced in the description and drawings, use twisted blades or helical blades. The torque in the orientation of the blades used in such a turbine can be generated from water or air that impacts the blade in the transverse direction (perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the turbine).

Some of the water or air impacting the helical blade in the transverse direction is deflected in the axial direction. This axial flow stresses turbines, especially turbine bearings, and must be replaced after a short period of time. Goldberg turbines and golov turbines are an improvement over previous designs, but both do not effectively utilize axially deflected flow.

The present invention relates generally to turbines, in particular turbines capable of unidirectional rotation under multidirectional fluid flow for use in pneumatic, hydro, wind or wave power systems.

1 is a front left perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a front left perspective view of one embodiment of a turbine of the present invention showing transverse fluid flow generally axially deflected;

3A is a cross-sectional perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention showing twisted blades and radial blades.

3B is a top view of one embodiment of the present invention showing deflected fluid flow in twisted and radial blades.

3C is a front view of one embodiment of the present invention showing deflected fluid flow in twisted and radial blades.

4 is an embodiment of the invention showing twisted and radial blades and involving shearing and rotation.

FIG. 5 is a side view of one embodiment of the present invention showing an O-surface and an angle of attack with respect to the placement of twisted blades. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the present invention showing the design of a twisted blade and with turbine contour by O-curve, B-curve and O-surface. FIG.

FIG. 7 is a side view of one embodiment showing the curvature orientation of a turbine caused by rotation of an O-curve about an axis of rotation. FIG.

8 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a turbine of the present invention having a barrel shaped outline.

9 is a side view of one embodiment of the present invention in which a spin blade is used as a blade support member.

* Code Description *

10 turbine 12 rotating member

14 rotation axis 16: blade support member

18: twist turbine blades 20: radial turbine blades

20L: Tip 20T: trailing edge

20A: Cross section of wing 34, 40: O-surface

36: O-curve 38: B-curve

44 barrel type turbine 46 cylinder type turbine

50: transverse fluid flow 65: axial flow

The present invention generally rotates in one direction under reversible fluid flow using a winged radial blade together with a winged spiral blade or other twisted blade that converts a portion of the fluid flowing energy in the axial direction into rotational energy to increase the efficiency of the turbine. An improved turbine can be provided. Converting the deflected axial flow into rotational energy results in a larger torsional angle of the helical blades of the turbine and a smaller turbine length than the ratio of diameters, allowing the turbine to be smaller without compromising efficiency.

The present invention is a reaction turbine capable of unidirectional rotation under reversible fluid flow. Some preferred embodiments are shown in the figures. Other embodiments consistent with the claims can be seen by the present invention.

In one embodiment, the turbine 10 extracts rotational energy from the kinetic energy of the incoming transverse fluid 50, which is generally transversal flow deflected in the axial direction 60 and generally the axial flow 65. Use the features of the combination. Referring to FIG. 1, the recoil turbine 10 consists of a rotating member 12, a blade support member 16, a twist turbine blade 18 and a radial turbine blade 20.

Rotating member 12 can engage engagement member 12A to form a rotating shaft 14 that turbine 10 rotates in a unidirectional manner. The support member 12A may also be any structure capable of fixing the position of the rotation member 12 while allowing free rotation about the rotation axis 14. The rotating member may be any device that can rotate smoothly. For example, it is also possible to use a rotating hub having a bearing (not shown) that allows smooth rotation.

Generally attached perpendicularly to the rotating member 12 is one or more blade support members 16 that rotate in a plane perpendicular to the rotating member 12 together with the rotating member. Rotating member 12 preferably utilizes the shaft of a generator (not shown) or the power available by the present invention, which converts rotational energy of the turbine into electrical energy by means of a gearbox or other torque generating device. Can be coupled to other devices.

A twist turbine blade 18, which is not necessary to rotate about the rotation axis 14 but preferably has a wing section 18A, is attached to the blade support member 16. In some embodiments, a single blade support member 16 may be used. The end surface of the helical blade 18 has a front end 18L and a trailing edge 18T. The cross section of the helical blade is oriented such that the airfoil profile of the twisted blade 18 is in a plane parallel to the transverse fluid 50 component. With the varying orientation of the twisted blades, the twisted blades can provide different faces to the transverse fluid at any given time in rotation. The twist blade 18 is designed to generate a constant torque from the turbine 10 in the unidirectional orientation 70 when the turbine is in transverse fluid flow regardless of the angular position of the turbine 10 relative to the fluid flow.

The design of the twisted blades 18 is made to create a B-curve 38 on the O-surface 34. The B-curve is defined as the angle (Ω) 32 which is unchanged and exists between the two tangents. The first tangent abuts the B-curve itself and the second tangent abuts the O-curve 36 at the intersection. Angle (Ω) 32 is constant or varies with the length of B-curve 38. The B-curve forms the long axis of each twist blade 18, and a constant angle Ω provides the cylindrical turbine 10. The centers of weight or pressure of the twisted blade vane section 18A are shown as B-curves. The cross sections are oriented such that the long axis is tangential to the circumference of the intersection of the O-surface 40 and in a plane perpendicular to the turbine axis of rotation 14.

The present invention allows for a small alpha between the long axis of the wing section 18A and the tangent to the circumference. Thus, each portion of the twisted blade 18 has different shear and rotational forces as compared to straight blades (not shown) having the same cross section, as shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 8.

6 and 7, the turbine 10 of the present invention comprises n blades that are uniformly distributed such that the turbine 10 has axial symmetry of the nth order, the number being equal to or greater than two. (N≥2). If the O-surface 34 forms the cylinder 46 shape, the geometry and angle Ω of the twisted blade vanes is preferably constant along the length of the twisted blade 18. In this embodiment, the length to radial ratio is such that the 2π / n rotation of the turbine arranges the cross section imprint from one end to the other end of the twisted blade 18 of the cross section imprint, and the torque is the turbine 10 Is constant regardless of each position. In this embodiment, the angle Ω is chosen to provide such symmetry or minimize the asymmetry. If other O-surfaces or spheroids or barrel arrangements 48 are used, the constant torque state can be brought closer by varying the angle Ω 32 and the winged cross section 18A of the twisted blades 18.

In addition to generating torque from the transverse fluid flow 50, the twisted blades 18 may be partially transverse fluid flow generally axially deflected as shown in FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4 and 9. Produce 50. The present invention may utilize a generally axial flow 60 or any axial flow deflected to increase the rotational energy and overall efficiency of the turbine 10. This consists of a generally radial blade 20 attached to the twisted blade 18. Such radial blades 20 are preferably substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 14 of the turbine and are generally part of the fluid flowing in the coaxial direction 60, 65, whether or not deflected by the rotational energy by the twisted blades 18. You can switch kinetic energy.

2 and 3, the radial blade 20 of the present invention has a wing cross section having a tip 20L and a trailing edge 20T that generate greater rotational energy than when the radial blade 20 is flat ( 20A). The wing cross section 20A of the radial blades 20 may be symmetrical (teardrop shaped) or asymmetrical. In one embodiment of the invention, the tip 20L of the radial blades is directed in the same direction as the tip 18L of the twisted blade 18. The radial blades 20 may or may not protrude from one or both of the inner and outer surfaces 80 and 90 of the twisted blades 18, and may be evenly or unevenly distributed along the twisted blades 18. . The preferred distribution of radial blades 20 is subject to the twist angle and the relative size of the twist blades 18, as will be described below.

The deflected flow in the axial direction 60 created by the twisted blades 18 also causes a first axial force in the first direction to act on the rotating member 12. The radial blades 20 may be designed with an asymmetrical cross section such that a second axial force is generated in the second opposite direction. This feature of the invention is useful for sustaining the elasticity of turbine bearings (not shown) when the rotating member 12 used is a hub having bearings.

In one embodiment of the invention, the blade support member 16 is an extended radial blade 20. The invention allows the benefits of the radial blades to be distributed along both ends of the turbine 10 using an extended radial blade 20 that couples the twisted blades 18 to the rotating member 12. This radial member supports the twist blade 18 and also converts a portion of the kinetic energy of the fluid flowing in the coaxial direction 60, 65, whether or not deflected by the rotational energy by the twist blade 18. Can increase the efficiency.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotation is constant due to the variable size of the twisted blade cross section 18A. The cross section of the twist blades is increased to fit a cross section adjacent to the axis of rotation of the turbine. The wide thickness of the cross section is used for the cross sections of the twisted blades 18 proximate to the axis of rotation 14. The pulling force of the twisted blades 18 increases as the cross sectional area increases, compensating for low linear velocity and axial spacing and generally leading to small torques. This embodiment of the present invention provides a torque generated separately from each position of the turbine 10. This innovation is useful for the turbine 10 in which the twist blade 18 of the turbine 10 is bent, in particular the twist blade 18 causing the turbine to be barrel-oriented.

With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, rotating the curve, referred to as the O-curve 36 about the axis of rotation 14 in the same plane, the O-surface 34 achieves axial symmetry. The O-surface defines the overall shape and dimensions of the turbine 10. The design of the present invention provides several shapes and dimensions of the turbine 10. For example, a small O-curve curvature leads the barrel turbine 44, a straight line parallel to the axis of rotation results in a cylindrical turbine 46, and the O-curve that intersects the axis of rotation 14 is an elliptical or spherical turbine ( 48)

With the turbine 10 of the invention using transverse 50 and generally axial flows 60, 65, the overall efficiency of the turbine 10 is greater than that of the turbine which does not have the advantages of the invention. The larger the angle Ω or twist angle 32 is, the greater the deflection of the cross flow. Thus, the turbine 10 of the present invention has a large angle (Ω) 32 that fits the twisted blade 18 due to the ability of the radial blade 20 to use deflected crossflow in the axial direction 60. For example, in one embodiment, this angle (Ω) 32 is greater than the optimum angle (about 32 °) for the helical blade of the golov turbine described above. In addition, the turbine with the radial blades of the present invention can be smaller than conventional golov turbines while applying the same rotational energy. The present invention provides the same efficiency as a golov turbine but with a shorter length to diameter ratio.

With reference to Fig. 9, a ring-shaped region of transverse flow deflected in the axial direction 60 is shown. This deflected axial flow is caused by the angle Ω at which the twisted blades attract the crossflow 50.

The radial blades are preferably spaced sufficiently apart from each other in the twisted blades so as not to interfere with each other's fluid flow. Depending on the size and shape of the radial blades and the twisting of the twisted blades, an optimal number of blades is optimally arranged and spaced apart on each twisted blade. Optimum spacing and arrangement of radial blades requires knowledge of the direction and type of fluid flow that the turbine is expected to experience.

If the curve of the radial blades in contact with the actual fluid flow is appropriate, then normal axial fluid flow, and also axial fluid flow parallel to the axis of rotation of the axial turbine, may generate rotational energy from interaction with the radial blades. The original transversely moving fluid, which is deflected by the twisted blades and moves "down" in the inclined plane of the twisted blades, contains both axial and transverse forces. The radial blades are placed and sized in the twisted blades to convert some of the transverse components into rotational energy. Radial blades are thus more efficient at converting transverse fluid flow to rotational energy through the turbine and more effectively at other angles through the turbine.

The radial blades are subjected to rotational energy with a geometry and spacing aligned from a fish such as a large radial blade about 1 centimeter in height and a radial blade spaced about 1 centimeter away from the given twisted blade by as little as two radial blades. Placed and sized. It is not necessary for each twisted blade to have a radial blade, or since long rotational imbalance does not occur, it is not necessary to place or align the radial blades of each twisted blade to be the same on all twisted blades of the turbine. However, it is preferred that the number of blades of each twisted blade is equal to or greater than 2 and the turbine is uniformly distributed such that it has n-axis symmetry. For the sake of balance the radial blades must be fixed at least one twisted blade.

Detailed embodiments of the invention are disclosed herein as required; However, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention, which may be embodied in various alternative forms. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, some drawings being exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Accordingly, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be understood as limiting, but merely as a basis for claiming and as a basis for teaching those skilled in the various uses of the invention.

The elements may also be specified "in combination"; Such predicates may be other components that are spaced apart between certain elements and are considered to be elements that are connected so that highly detailed elements can be connected in a fixed or movable relationship with one another. The term "in combination" should be contrasted with the use of "direct" linkage, which is a predicate indicating a fixed or movable relationship or combination with respect to each other that do not have other components located apart from each other. Certain structural relationships or orientations may also be indicated by the words "virtually." In such cases, the relationship or orientation is described within variations that do not affect the described component or cooperation of components.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the description is not to be taken in a limiting sense. On the contrary, those skilled in the art may make various modifications to the disclosed embodiments with reference to the detailed description of the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to cover such modifications, alternatives and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

Recoil turbines for mounting on support members, which can rotate unidirectionally under reversible fluid flow, are: A rotating member that can engage the support member, the rotating member forming a rotating shaft for the turbine; A plurality of blade support members attached generally perpendicularly to said rotating member for rotation therewith in a plane generally perpendicular to said rotating member; A plurality of substantially twisted turbine blades attached to the blade support member for rotation about the axis of rotation, wherein the plurality of twisted blades have a winged cross section, a leading end and trailing edge, and a plane generally parallel to the fluid flow component. Has a wing side at; Consisting of a plurality of substantially radial turbine blades attached to a plurality of said twisted blades, said radial blades being capable of converting a portion of the kinetic energy of said fluid substantially perpendicular to said axis of rotation and flowing generally in the axial direction into rotational energy, said Increase the efficiency of the turbine, the radial blades have a winged cross section to generate more energy than when the radial blades are flat; And a reaction turbine with the radial blades capable of converting greater energy from the fluid flow into rotational energy than a similar reaction turbine without the radial blades. The turbine of claim 1 wherein the vane cross section of the radial blade is symmetrical. 2. The turbine of claim 1 wherein a plurality of said radial blades have a leading end and a trailing edge, said leading end facing in the same direction as the leading end of said twisted blade. The blade support member of claim 1, wherein the blade support member comprises a radial blade, the radial blade / blade support member couples the twist member to the rotating member, and the radial blade / blade support member supports the twist blade. And provide all of the increased efficiency of the turbine over similar turbines without radial blades. 2. The turbine of claim 1 wherein the cross section of the twist blade is increased to fit at least some cross sections proximate the turbine's axis of rotation. The twisted blade of claim 1, wherein the twisted blade has a larger twist angle and the turbine has a smaller diameter-to-length ratio than the similar turbine without the radial blades capable of generating the same amount of rotational energy from equivalent fluid flow. Featured turbine. The radial blade of claim 1, wherein an embossed valpha between the long axis of the twisted blade and the tangent to the turbine circumference can generate equivalent rotational energy from the fluid flow. The turbine of claim 1, wherein the turbine comprises n radial blades, the number being equal to or greater than 2 and the turbine being uniformly distributed such that it has n-axis symmetry. Recoil turbines for mounting on support members capable of unidirectional rotation under reversible fluid flow are: A rotating member that can be engaged with the support member, the rotating member forming a rotating shaft of the turbine; A plurality of blade support members attached perpendicularly to the rotating member for rotation therebetween in a plane perpendicular to the rotating member; A plurality of substantially twisted turbine blades attached to the blade support member for rotating around the axis of rotation, wherein the plurality of twisted blades have a winged cross section, in a plane parallel to the leading and trailing edges and the fluid flow component. Has a wing side; The twist blade has a larger twist angle and the turbine has a smaller diameter-to-length than a similar turbine without the radial blade, which can generate the same amount of rotational energy from equivalent fluid flow; A plurality of substantially radial turbine blades attached to the helical blade, wherein the plurality of radial blades have a tip and trailing edge, the tip facing the same direction as the tip of the twisted blade, and the radial blade is generally axial A portion of the kinetic energy of the fluid flowing in can be converted into rotational energy, thereby increasing the efficiency of the turbine, the radial blades having a wing-shaped cross section to generate greater rotational energy than when the radial blades are flat. ; At least some of said blade support members are comprised of radial blades, said radial blades connecting said twisted blades to said rotating member, said radial blades providing both support for said twisted blades and increased efficiency of said turbine; A reaction turbine comprising the reaction turbine with the radial blade with a wing-like cross section capable of converting more energy from the fluid flow into rotational energy than a similar reaction turbine without the radial blade with a wing-shaped section .