KR20030081243A - Poly urethane foam and the manufacture method thereof - Google Patents

Poly urethane foam and the manufacture method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
KR20030081243A
KR20030081243A KR1020030065315A KR20030065315A KR20030081243A KR 20030081243 A KR20030081243 A KR 20030081243A KR 1020030065315 A KR1020030065315 A KR 1020030065315A KR 20030065315 A KR20030065315 A KR 20030065315A KR 20030081243 A KR20030081243 A KR 20030081243A
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South Korea
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polyurethane foam
polyurethane
ocher
raw material
polyol
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KR1020030065315A
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Korean (ko)
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임규호
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주식회사 진양
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Priority to KR1020030065315A priority Critical patent/KR20030081243A/en
Publication of KR20030081243A publication Critical patent/KR20030081243A/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0066—Use of inorganic compounding ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/015—Biocides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/346—Clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided are polyurethane foam containing yellow soil, which emits anions useful for human bodies and far infrared rays and has an antimicrobial function, and a process for producing the polyurethane foam. CONSTITUTION: The polyurethane foam is produced by the process comprising the steps of: mixing polyol, isocyanate, and 1-8%(based on the weight ratio of the polyol) of yellow soil and aging the raw material; foaming polyurethane by injecting the aged material with a pump in high pressure; naturally drying the polyurethane foam in the shade for 24 hours to age; and cutting the polyurethane foam.

Description

폴리우레탄 발포체 및 그 제조방법{Poly urethane foam and the manufacture method thereof}Polyurethane foam and the manufacture method

본 발명은 폴리우레탄 발포체 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리에테르계의 폴리올의 중량비로 1 내지 8 퍼센트(%)의 황토가 첨가된 폴리우레탄 발포체 및 그 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a polyurethane foam and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a polyurethane foam to which 1 to 8 percent (%) of ocher is added in a weight ratio of a polyester or polyether-based polyol, and a method for manufacturing the same. will be.

일반적으로 폴리우레탄 발포체는 다포성 또는 스폰지형의 폴리우레탄 수지로 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리에테르계 폴리올과 2관능 또는 다관능의 디이소시아네이트와 발포체, 촉매 등의 원료 및 각종 첨가제와 혼합 반응시켜서 성형된다.In general, a polyurethane foam is formed by mixing and reacting a polyester or polyether-based polyol with a difunctional or polyfunctional diisocyanate, a raw material such as a foam, a catalyst, and various additives.

이러한 혼합 반응에서는 가교반응이 일어나고, 발열하여 결국에는 수지화가 된다. 이러한 반응의 진행 중에 발생하는 이산화탄소 때문에 발포 다공질이 되며,기계적 강도도 크고, 내열성, 내용제성, 내노화성, 접착성이 양호하며, 원료 조건을 택하는 것에 의해 상당히 연질탄력성이 있는 것에서 경질 내마모성의 것까지 제조되고 있다.In such a mixing reaction, a crosslinking reaction occurs, generates heat, and eventually becomes resin. Carbon dioxide generated during the course of this reaction becomes porous foam, mechanical strength is high, heat resistance, solvent resistance, aging resistance, adhesion is good, and it is very soft elastic to hard wear resistance by selecting the raw material conditions It is manufactured until.

특히, 그 경도에 따라 연질, 반경질, 경질의 3종류로 나누어진다. 여기서 연질 발포체는 자동차 등의 쿠숀재, 충진재, 필터용 등으로 사용되고 있고, 반경질 발포체는 열이나 전기의 절연재료로, 경질 발포체는 가볍고, 탄성이 적으며, 하중부담능력이 크고 단열성도 우수하여 항공기 및 기계부품재료, 공업용 및 가정용 단열재료와 방음판 등으로 널리 이용되고 있다.In particular, it is divided into three types according to its hardness: soft, semi-hard, and hard. The soft foam is used for cushions, fillers, filters, etc. in automobiles, and the semi-rigid foam is a heat or electric insulating material. The rigid foam is light, has low elasticity, has a high load-bearing capacity and excellent thermal insulation. It is widely used in aircraft and machine parts, industrial and home insulation materials, and soundproof panels.

특히 요즈음에는 저반발탄성을 가지는 메모리 폼(memory foam)이 개발되어 어떤 변형에서 아주 느린 회복성을 가지므로 에너지 흡수성이 양호하고 하중 분상성이 높은 특성으로 인하여, 인체의 머리를 받치는 베개에 이용되기도 한다.In particular, memory foam having low rebound elasticity has been developed in recent years, and has a very slow recovery from deformation, so it has good energy absorption and high load repellency, so it can be used for pillows that support the human head. do.

그러나, 종래의 폴리우레탄 발포체는 사용 용도에 따라 요구되는 특성이 많이 있어 이를 충족시키기 위한 각종 첨가제가 첨가되고 있는 실정이지만, 여러 가지 요구 특성이 있는 경우에는 첨가제의 종류도 많아져야 하므로 경제적으로 바람직하지 못한 단점이 있었다.However, the conventional polyurethane foam has a lot of required properties depending on the intended use of the various additives to meet this situation, but if there is a variety of required properties, the type of additives should also be increased economically undesirable. There was a disadvantage.

또한, 종래의 폴리우레탄 발포체는 인체에 유익한 음이온이나 원적외선을 방출하지 못한다는 문제점이 있었고, 특히 항균작용을 겸하지 못한다는 문제점이 있었다.In addition, the conventional polyurethane foam has a problem that does not emit anion or far infrared rays, which is beneficial to the human body, in particular has a problem that does not combine with antibacterial action.

본 발명은 상기한 바와 같은 제반 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 제안된 것으로,그 목적은 저렴한 비용으로 인체에 유익한 음이온을 방출하며, 원적외선을 방출하며, 항균작용을 가지는 폴리우레탄 발포체 및 그 제조방법을 제공함에 있다.The present invention has been proposed to solve various problems as described above, the object of which is to provide a polyurethane foam and a method for producing the same, which releases anions, far-infrared rays, and antibacterial action beneficial to the human body at a low cost. have.

도 1은 황토가 5 % 함유된 폴리우레탄 발포체의 양이온과 음이온의 방출을 나타내는 그래프1 is a graph showing the release of cations and anions of a polyurethane foam containing 5% ocher

도 2는 황토가 5 % 함유된 폴리우레탄 발포체의 항균성을 설명하기 위한 사진 비교Figure 2 is a comparison of photos for explaining the antimicrobial properties of polyurethane foam containing 5% ocher

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체 제조방법은 폴리올과 이소시아네이트와 황토를 포함하며 반응하여 폴리우레탄을 생성하는 원료를 탱크에서 배합하여 숙성하는 원료숙성단계와, 상기 각 탱크에서 숙성이 완료된 원료를 펌프를 이용하여 고압으로 분사하여 폴리우레탄을 발포하는 발포단계와, 상기 발포단계를 거친 폴리우레탄 발포체를 그늘에서 24 시간 자연건조하여 숙성하는 숙성단계와, 상기 숙성단계를 거친 폴리우레탄 발포체를 재단하는 절단단계를 포함하며, 상기 황토는 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리에테르계의 폴리올의 중량비로 1 내지 8 퍼센트(%) 인 것을 특징으로 한다.Polyurethane foam manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object is a raw material maturation step of aging by mixing a raw material for producing a polyurethane by reacting to include a polyol and isocyanate and loess, and the A foaming step of foaming polyurethane by spraying the raw material completed in each tank at a high pressure by using a pump, and a maturing step of maturing the polyurethane foams subjected to the foaming step by natural drying in the shade for 24 hours, and the maturing step. Cutting the polyurethane foam through the cutting step, wherein the loess is characterized in that 1 to 8 percent (%) by weight ratio of the polyester or polyether-based polyol.

또한, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체는 음이온을 방출하며, 원적외선을 방출하며, 항균작용을 향상시키기 위하여, 사용되는 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리에테르계의 폴리올의 중량비로 1 내지 8 퍼센트(%)의 황토가 첨가된 것을 특징으로 한다.In addition, the polyurethane foam according to an embodiment of the present invention is 1 to 8 percent (%) by weight ratio of the polyester or polyether-based polyol used to emit anions, to emit far infrared rays, and to improve the antibacterial action It is characterized by the addition of ocher.

이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체 및 그 제조방법을 첨부된 도면에 의거하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, a polyurethane foam according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a manufacturing method thereof will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

도 1 내지 도 2는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체 및 그 제조방법을 도시한 것으로서, 도 1은 황토가 5 % 함유된 폴리우레탄 발포체의 양이온과 음이온의 방출을 나타내는 그래프를, 도 2는 황토가 5 % 함유된 폴리우레탄 발포체의 항균성을 설명하기 위한 사진 비교를 각각 나타낸 것이다.1 to 2 show a polyurethane foam according to an embodiment of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same, Figure 1 is a graph showing the release of the cation and anion of the polyurethane foam containing 5% ocher, Figure 2 Is a photographic comparison to illustrate the antimicrobial properties of polyurethane foam containing 5% ocher, respectively.

본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체는 음이온을 방출하며, 원적외선을 방출하며, 항균작용을 향상시키기 위하여, 사용되는 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리에테르계의 폴리올의 중량비로 1 내지 8 퍼센트(%)의 황토가 첨가되어 있다.Polyurethane foam according to an embodiment of the present invention is 1 to 8 percent (%) of loess in the weight ratio of the polyester or polyether-based polyol used to emit anions, to emit far infrared rays, and to improve the antibacterial action Is added.

특히, 본 실시예에서는 상기 황토의 비율은 폴리올의 중량비로 5 % 인 것이 바람직하다.In particular, in this embodiment, the ratio of the loess is preferably 5% by weight of the polyol.

상기 황토는 여러 가지 광물입자로 구성되어 있는데, 그 크기는 주로 지름 0.02 ~ 0.05 mm 인 입자로 이루어진 퇴적물이며, 점토 크기의 입자는 약 0.005 mm 정도이다.The loess is composed of various mineral particles, the size of which is mainly a deposit composed of particles having a diameter of 0.02 ~ 0.05 mm, the size of the clay is about 0.005 mm.

상기 황토의 화학적 조성은 실리카(SiO2) 60 ~ 65 %, 알루미나(Al2O3) 10 ~ 13 %, 산화칼슘(CaO) 8 %, 황화철(FeSO4) 5 ~ 6 %, 마그네슘(Mg)과 나트륨(Na)이 각각 2 %, 칼륨(K) 1.5 % 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 이 밖에도 석영, 운모, 장석, 방해석 등이 들어 있어 이들 물질이 철분과 함께 산화 작용을 받아 황색 등 여러 가지 색으로 발현된다.The chemical composition of the ocher is 60 to 65% of silica (SiO2), 10 to 13% of alumina (Al2O3), 8% of calcium oxide (CaO), 5 to 6% of iron sulfide (FeSO4), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) It is composed of 2% and 1.5% of potassium (K), respectively. In addition, quartz, mica, feldspar, calcite, etc. are contained, and these substances are oxidized with iron and are expressed in various colors such as yellow.

이러한 황토는 분해력, 저장력, 흡수력, 투명성, 생명성 및 많은 약성은 상상을 초월할 정도이며, 황토에 대한 요구가 현재까지도 지속적으로 추진되고 있고, 현대에 이르러서 실례로 황토수에 대한 쥐의 실험에서 간 및 위장의 건강이 상승되는 결과를 토출한 연구 사례도 발표된 바 있다.These loesses are beyond imagination, with degradability, storage capacity, absorption, transparency, vitality, and many weaknesses. The demand for loess is still being pursued to this day, and in modern times, for example, in rat experiments on loess water, A case study has been published that has resulted in increased liver and stomach health.

아래의 표 1에 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체의 음이온 방출시험의 결과를 나타내었다. 본 시험은 한국의류시험연구원에서 행해졌으며, 온도 27℃, 습도 47 %의 시험조건에서 행해졌다.Table 1 below shows the results of the anion release test of the polyurethane foam according to the embodiment of the present invention. This test was conducted by the Korea Apparel Testing and Research Institute, and was conducted under the test conditions of 27 ° C and 47% humidity.

또한, 도 1에 음이온과 양이온의 방출에 대한 그래프를 도시하였다.In addition, Figure 1 shows a graph of the release of anions and cations.

또한, 아래의 표 2에 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체의 원적외선 방출시험의 결과를 나타내었다. 측정조건은 측정 파장길이는 5 ~ 20 ㎛ 이며, 측정 온도는 40 ℃, 시료 사이즈는 30 × 30 mm 이다.In addition, Table 2 below shows the results of the far-infrared emission test of the polyurethane foam according to the embodiment of the present invention. The measurement conditions are 5 to 20 µm in length, the measurement temperature is 40 deg. C, and the sample size is 30 x 30 mm.

또한, 아래의 표 3에 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체의 항균성의 시험 결과를 나타내었다. 시험균종은 공시균 1(Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538)과 공시균 2(Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352)이며, 접종균의 농도는 공시균 1은 1.3×105 개/ml, 공시균 2는 1.3×105 개/ml 이다. 그리고 표준포의 사용은 KS K 0905 염색견뢰도용 첨부백포 - NYLON 표준포를 사용했으며, 비이온계면활성제로서 접종균액에 비이온 계면활성제(Tween80) 0.05 %를 첨가하여 사용하였다.In addition, Table 3 below shows the test results of the antimicrobial properties of the polyurethane foam according to the embodiment of the present invention. Test strains were Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and 2 (Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352), and the concentrations of the inoculated bacteria were 1.3 × 105 cells / ml for the specimen 1, and 1.3 × 105 cells / ml for the specimen 2. . In addition, KS K 0905 staining fastness attached white cloth-NYLON standard cloth was used, and nonionic surfactant (Tween80) 0.05% was added to the inoculating bacteria solution as a nonionic surfactant.

또한, 이러한 항균성에 대한 시험의 사진 비교를 도 2에 나타내었다.In addition, a photographic comparison of the test for this antimicrobial is shown in FIG. 2.

이하, 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체를 제조하는 방법에 대해서 설명한다.Hereinafter, a method for producing a polyurethane foam according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

먼저, 폴리올과 이소시아네이트와 황토와 정포제와 촉매와 발포제를 포함하는 원료를 탱크에서 배합하여 숙성한다.(원료숙성단계)First, a raw material containing polyol, isocyanate, loess, foam stabilizer, catalyst and blowing agent is blended in a tank and aged (raw material ripening step).

이 때, 폴리올의 중량비를 100 %로 하였을 때, 상기 황토는 5 %, 정포제는 1 내지 3 %, 촉매는 0.1 내지 0.5 %, 발포제는 2 내지 4 %, 이소시아네이트는 30 내지 50 %의 비율로 배합하는 것이다.At this time, when the weight ratio of polyol is 100%, the loess is 5%, the foam stabilizer is 1 to 3%, the catalyst is 0.1 to 0.5%, the blowing agent is 2 to 4%, the isocyanate is 30 to 50% It is compounding.

이어서, 상기 각 탱크에서 숙성이 완료된 원료를 펌프를 이용하여 고압으로분사하여 폴리우레탄을 발포한다.(발포단계)Subsequently, the raw materials, which have been matured in the respective tanks, are sprayed at high pressure by using a pump to foam polyurethane.

이어서, 상기 발포단계를 거친 폴리우레탄 발포체를 그늘에서 24 시간 자연건조하여 숙성한다.(숙성단계)Subsequently, the polyurethane foams subjected to the foaming step are aged by natural drying in the shade for 24 hours.

이어서, 상기 숙성단계를 거친 폴리우레탄 발포체를 재단한다.(절단단계)Subsequently, the polyurethane foam that has undergone the aging step is cut. (Cutting step)

이상에서와 같이 본 발명에 따른 폴리우레탄 발포체는, 저렴한 비용으로 음이온의 방출이 양호하고, 원적외선의 방사율이 양호하며, 특히 향균성이 뛰어난 폴리우레탄 발초체를 제조할 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, the polyurethane foam according to the present invention has an effect of being able to produce an excellent release of anion at a low cost, good emissivity of far infrared rays, and particularly excellent antibacterial polyurethane.

본 발명은 첨부된 도면에 도시된 일 실시예를 참고로 설명되었으나, 이는 예시적인 것이며, 당해 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 이로부터 다양한 변형 및 균등한 실시예가 가능하다는 점을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 발명의 진정한 보호범위는 첨부된 청구범위에 의해서만 정해져야 할 것이다.Although the present invention has been described with reference to one embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, it is intended to be illustrative, and those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent embodiments are possible therefrom. . Therefore, the true scope of protection of the present invention should be defined only by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

폴리올과 이소시아네이트와 황토를 포함하며 반응하여 폴리우레탄을 생성하는 원료를 탱크에서 배합하여 숙성하는 원료숙성단계;A raw material maturation step of mixing the raw materials, including polyol, isocyanate, and ocher, and reacting to produce polyurethane in a tank; 상기 각 탱크에서 숙성이 완료된 원료를 펌프를 이용하여 고압으로 분사하여 폴리우레탄을 발포하는 발포단계;Foaming step of foaming polyurethane by injecting the raw material completed in each tank at a high pressure using a pump; 상기 발포단계를 거친 폴리우레탄 발포체를 그늘에서 24 시간 자연건조하여 숙성하는 숙성단계;Aging step of aging by drying the polyurethane foam after the foaming step in the shade for 24 hours; 상기 숙성단계를 거친 폴리우레탄 발포체를 재단하는 절단단계;를 포함하며,It includes; cutting step of cutting the polyurethane foam through the aging step, 상기 황토는 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리에테르계의 폴리올의 중량비로 1 내지 8 퍼센트(%) 인 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리우레탄 발포체 제조방법.The ocher is a polyurethane foam manufacturing method, characterized in that 1 to 8 percent (%) by weight ratio of the polyester or polyether-based polyol. 폴리우레탄 발포체에 있어서,In polyurethane foam, 음이온을 방출하며, 원적외선을 방출하며, 항균작용을 향상시키기 위하여,To release anions, to emit far infrared rays, to improve the antibacterial action, 사용되는 폴리에스테르 또는 폴리에테르계의 폴리올의 중량비로 1 내지 8 퍼센트(%)의 황토가 첨가된 것을 특징으로 하는 폴리우레탄 발포체.Polyurethane foam, characterized in that 1 to 8 percent (%) of ocher is added in the weight ratio of the polyester or polyether-based polyol used.
KR1020030065315A 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 Poly urethane foam and the manufacture method thereof KR20030081243A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100736174B1 (en) * 2006-04-27 2007-07-09 대한민국 Manufacturing method of polyurethane foams using wood wastes and hwangto
KR100978281B1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2010-08-30 동아화학 주식회사 Polyurethan chip for paving material comprising yellowsoil and the manufacturing method
KR101628321B1 (en) * 2015-11-11 2016-06-08 (주)트윈세이버 Foam mattress manufacturing method and apparatus, and foam mattresses
KR102230666B1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-03-23 주식회사 코어 Bed matress with flame retardant cover member
KR102230665B1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-03-23 주식회사 코어 Flame retardant foam mattress structure for laminated bed with planar heating element

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100736174B1 (en) * 2006-04-27 2007-07-09 대한민국 Manufacturing method of polyurethane foams using wood wastes and hwangto
KR100978281B1 (en) * 2010-01-19 2010-08-30 동아화학 주식회사 Polyurethan chip for paving material comprising yellowsoil and the manufacturing method
KR101628321B1 (en) * 2015-11-11 2016-06-08 (주)트윈세이버 Foam mattress manufacturing method and apparatus, and foam mattresses
KR102230666B1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-03-23 주식회사 코어 Bed matress with flame retardant cover member
KR102230665B1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-03-23 주식회사 코어 Flame retardant foam mattress structure for laminated bed with planar heating element

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