KR20030067116A - All in one ccd camera - Google Patents

All in one ccd camera Download PDF

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KR20030067116A
KR20030067116A KR1020020006967A KR20020006967A KR20030067116A KR 20030067116 A KR20030067116 A KR 20030067116A KR 1020020006967 A KR1020020006967 A KR 1020020006967A KR 20020006967 A KR20020006967 A KR 20020006967A KR 20030067116 A KR20030067116 A KR 20030067116A
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infrared
lens
ccd
light
image information
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KR1020020006967A
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Korean (ko)
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KR100454447B1 (en
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김찬호
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주식회사 네오콤
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/667—Camera operation mode switching, e.g. between still and video, sport and normal or high- and low-resolution modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/56—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof provided with illuminating means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Blocking Light For Cameras (AREA)
  • Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: An integrated CCD camera is provided to photograph a color image in the daytime and take a black-and-white picture of an object using infrared lighting at night. CONSTITUTION: An integrated CCD camera includes an infrared lighting device(400), a lens(430), a filter(440), a CCD(450), and a DSP chip(460). The lens receives external image information. The filter filters the image information. The CCD accumulates lights inputted from external light sources, and outputs the lights together with the image information collected by the lens in synchronization with a vertical synchronous signal. The DSP chip converts an analog signal output from the CCD into a digital signal. The lens has good transmission sensitivity for a near-infrared ray as well as a visible ray. The infrared light device is composed of an infrared LED.

Description

일체형 ＣＣＤ카메라{ALL IN ONE CCD CAMERA}Integrated CCD camera {ALL IN ONE CCD CAMERA}

본 발명은, 감시 카메라에 관한 것으로서, 상세하게는 CCD카메라의 렌즈부, OLPF 및 적외선 조명기를 일체형으로 구성한 일체형 CCD카메라에 관한 것이다.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surveillance camera, and more particularly, to an integrated CCD camera in which the lens unit, the OLPF, and the infrared illuminator of the CCD camera are integrally formed.

일반적으로 CCD카메라는 일반 주택을 비롯하여 백화점, 은행, 전시장 등의 장소에서 침입, 도난 또는 화재 등을 비롯한 재해에 대하여 예방하고 방지하며 발생하더라도 신속하게 처리하기 위하여 설치하며, 공장 등에서는 기계의 작동상태나 공정흐름 등을 손쉽게 점검하기 위하여 폐쇄회로 감시장치인 CCD카메라 시스템을 이용하고 있다.In general, CCD cameras are installed in general houses, department stores, banks, exhibition halls, etc. to prevent and prevent disasters such as intrusion, theft or fire, and to promptly handle them even when they occur. In order to easily check the process flow, CCD camera system, which is a closed circuit monitoring device, is used.

도1은 종래의 일실시예에 따른 CCD카메라의 구성도를 나타낸다.1 is a block diagram of a CCD camera according to a conventional embodiment.

도1을 참조하면, 종래에는 외부의 화상정보를 입력하는 렌즈부(110)와, 외부 광원으로부터 입력되는 광을 축적하였다가 상기 렌즈에서 수집된 화상정보와 함께 수직동기신호에 맞추어 외부로 출력하는 CCD(120)와, 상기 CCD에서 출력되는 신호를 필터링하는 필터부(130)와, 상기 필터를 통한 화상정보를 전기신호로 변환하는 촬상부(140)와, 외부 전원에 의해 상기 촬상부를 통해 전기신호로 출력되는 화상정보를 영상신호로 변환하여 출력하는 비디오 신호 처리부(150)를 포함하여 구성되어 있다.Referring to FIG. 1, conventionally, the lens unit 110 for inputting external image information and light input from an external light source are accumulated and output to the outside in accordance with the vertical synchronization signal together with the image information collected by the lens. CCD 120, a filter unit 130 for filtering the signal output from the CCD, an imaging unit 140 for converting the image information through the filter into an electrical signal, and an electric power through the imaging unit by an external power source The video signal processor 150 converts the image information output as a signal into a video signal and outputs the converted video signal.

여기서, CCD(Charge Coupled Device)는 고체촬상소자를 의미하는 용어의 약자로 빛을 전기신호로 변환하는 광전변환센서로서, 구조는 빛을 전기적 신호로 변환하는 광전변환 부분과 변환된 전하를 저장했다 전송하는 전송부분으로 크게 나뉘어져 있다. 도2에 나타내는 바와 같이, 그 작동원리를 보면 렌즈로부터 들어온 빛의 세기는 먼저 CCD에 기록됨과 동시에, 촬상된 영상의 빛은 CCD에 붙어 있는 RGB색 필터에 의해 각기 다른 색으로 분리된다. 이어서 분리된 색은 CCD를 구성하는 수십만개의 광센서(41만 CCD의 경우 총 화소수 41만개의 광센서가 밀칩되어 있다)에서 전기적 신호로 변환되어 CCD에서 나온 아날로그 신호를 DSP(Digital Signal Processing)칩을 사용하여 0과 1의 디지털 신호로 변환시켜서 영상신호가 만들어지고, 모니터를 통해서 나타나게 된다.Here, CCD (Charge Coupled Device) is an abbreviation of the term meaning a solid state imaging device, a photoelectric conversion sensor for converting light into an electrical signal, the structure of the photoelectric conversion portion for converting light into an electrical signal and the converted charge It is divided into transmission parts. As shown in Fig. 2, the operation principle shows that the intensity of light from the lens is first recorded in the CCD, and the light of the captured image is separated into different colors by an RGB color filter attached to the CCD. Subsequently, the separated color is converted into an electrical signal from hundreds of thousands of optical sensors constituting the CCD (410,000 CCDs have a total number of 410,000 optical sensors), and the analog signal from the CCD is converted into DSP (Digital Signal Processing). The chip is used to convert the digital signal into 0 and 1 to produce a video signal, which is then displayed on the monitor.

또한, 종래의 CCD와 필터 예컨대 OLPF(Optical Low Pass Filter)의 감도특성을 나타내면 도3의 (a), (b)에 나타내는 바와 같다.In addition, the sensitivity characteristics of a conventional CCD and a filter such as an optical low pass filter (OLPF) are as shown in Figs. 3A and 3B.

기존의 CCD카메라는 가시광선 영역에서만의 촬영이 필요함으로 CCD의 감도특성은 400㎚ ~ 640㎚ 파장대역에서 투과율 특성이 좋으며, 파장이 적외선 및 자외선 대역으로 갈수록 감도특성이 떨어진다. 또 일반적으로 OLPF도 마찬가지로 640㎚에서 적외선 대역을 컷오프함으로써 일반 카메라에서는 근적외선 대역을 감지할 수 없으며, 렌즈 또한 650㎚ 대역에서 적외선 대역을 컷오프 또는 적외선 감도특성이 현저하게 떨어진다.Conventional CCD cameras need to be photographed only in the visible light range, so the sensitivity characteristics of CCD have good transmittance in the wavelength range of 400nm to 640nm, and the sensitivity decreases as the wavelength goes to the infrared and ultraviolet bands. In general, the OLPF also cuts off the infrared band at 640 nm, so general cameras cannot detect the near infrared band, and the lens also cuts the infrared band at the 650 nm band, or the infrared sensitivity is remarkably inferior.

이와 같은 렌즈와 필터를 사용하는 것은, OLPF가 적외선 대역을 투과하면 적외선 대역은 흑백이므로 가시광선 컬러 색상 대역이 혼재하고 색상이 본래의 색상을 재현할 수가 없으므로, 렌즈와 OLPF는 자외선 및 적외선 대역을 컷오프하여 사용하였다.The use of such lenses and filters is that when the OLPF passes through the infrared band, the infrared band is black and white, so the visible color bands are mixed and the color cannot reproduce the original color. Cut off was used.

상기와 같이, 종래의 CCTV용 CCD카메라는 컬러인 경우 사람의 눈으로 인식할 수 있는 가시광선, 예컨대 340㎚ ~ 780㎚ 대역에서만 영상을 촬영할 수 있도록 구성되어 있으므로, 조명이 열악한 상태에서는 선명한 영상을 촬영할 수가 없었다. 예컨대, 통상 일반 조명이 불가능한 장소, 즉 밀어, 밀수 등의 감시, 동물, 식물, 야생동물 등의 연구 관찰 및 기타 각종 경비, 방법 등에 불가능하였다.As described above, the conventional CCD camera for CCTV is configured so that only the visible light that can be recognized by the human eye in the case of color, for example, only in the 340nm ~ 780nm band, the clear image in poor lighting conditions I couldn't shoot. For example, it was not possible to normally place a general lighting, that is, monitoring such as push, smuggling, research and observation of animals, plants, wildlife and the like and other various expenses, methods and the like.

따라서, 본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 가시광선으로 촬영이 가능한 낮에는 선명한 컬러영상으로, 밤에는 적외선 조명을 이용한 선명한 흑백영상을 촬영하는데 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide a clear color image during the day that can be photographed with visible light, and a clear black and white image using infrared light at night.

또 다른 목적은, 선명한 화상을 얻기 위해 가시광선 대역 및 근적외선 대역을 동시에 만족할 수 있는 광학적 특성부품을 개발하는데 목적이 있다.Still another object is to develop an optical characteristic component capable of satisfying the visible light band and the near infrared band at the same time to obtain a clear image.

본 발명의 상기 및 그 이외의 목적과 신규한 특징은 본 명세서의 기술 및 첨부도면에서 명백하게 될 것이다.The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.

도1은 종래의 일실시예에 따른 CCD카메라 구성도,1 is a configuration of a CCD camera according to a conventional embodiment of the present invention;

도2는 CCD의 일반적인 작동원리를 나타내는 도면,2 is a view showing a general operation principle of a CCD;

도3은 종래의 일실시예에 따른 CCD 및 OLPF의 감도특성도,3 is a sensitivity characteristic diagram of a CCD and an OLPF according to a conventional embodiment;

도4는 본 발명에 따른 CCD카메라의 구성도,4 is a block diagram of a CCD camera according to the present invention;

도5는 본 발명에 따른 렌즈 및 OLPF의 감도특성도,5 is a sensitivity characteristic diagram of a lens and an OLPF according to the present invention;

도6은 본 발명에 사용한 렌즈, OLPF 및 CCD의 감도특성도이다.6 is a sensitivity characteristic diagram of the lens, OLPF, and CCD used in the present invention.

상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은, 밤이나 조명이 없는 곳에서 적외선 조명을 밝혀주는 적외선 조명기와, 외부의 화상정보를 입력하는 렌즈와, 화상정보를 필터링하는 필터부와, 외부 광원으로부터 입력되는 광을 축적하였다가 상기 렌즈에서 수집된 화상정보와 함께 수직동기신호에 맞추어 외부로 출력하는 CCD와, CCD에서 나온 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환하는 DSP로 구성되어 있으며, 상기 렌즈는 가시광선은 물론 근적외선에서도 투과감도가 좋은 것을 특징으로 하며, 또 상기 필터는 종래의 가시광선 대역에서의 투과감도와 해로운 적외선(620㎚ ~ 820㎚) 대역을 제거한 근적외선 대역에서의 적당한 투과감도를 필요로 하는 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, an infrared illuminator illuminating the infrared light at night or no light, a lens for inputting external image information, a filter unit for filtering the image information, and an external light source It consists of a CCD that accumulates the light input from the lens and outputs it to the outside in accordance with the vertical synchronization signal together with the image information collected by the lens, and a DSP that converts the analog signal from the CCD into a digital signal. It is characterized in that the transmission sensitivity is good in the near infrared rays as well as the light, and the filter requires a suitable transmission sensitivity in the near infrared band by removing the transmission sensitivity in the conventional visible light band and the harmful infrared (620 nm to 820 nm) band. Characterized in that.

이하, 본 발명을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention will be described in detail.

도4에 나타내는 바와 같이, 상기 CCD카메라는 적외선 조명기(400), 카메라 모듈(410), 회로부(420)로 구성되어 있으며, 상기 카메라 모듈(410)은 순서대로 최하단부에 CCD(450), 그 상면에 OLPF(440), 그리고 그 위에 렌즈(430)가 얹어져 있는 구성으로 이루어져 있으며, 또한 상기 회로부(420)는 DSP(450), 엔코터(460) 등으로 이루어져 있다.As shown in Fig. 4, the CCD camera is composed of an infrared illuminator 400, a camera module 410, and a circuit unit 420. The camera module 410 is a CCD 450 at the lowermost end thereof, and an upper surface thereof. The OLPF 440, and the lens 430 is mounted thereon, and the circuit unit 420 is composed of a DSP 450, an encoder 460 and the like.

상기 적외선 조명기(400)는 LED로 이루어져 있으며, 밤에는 광센서에 의해조도가 1룩스 정도일때 적외선 LED가 자동으로 점등되고, CCD카메라 회로부(420)의 DSP(460)칩에 의해 CHROMA suppress 기능을 응용하여 빛의 감도를 감지하여 AGC Gain양에 따른 색신호를 Suppress하여 저조도이하 일대에 색신호를 완전히 차단함으로 자동으로 컬러모드에서 흑백모드로 전환된다.The infrared illuminator 400 is composed of LEDs, and at night, when the illuminance is about 1 lux by the light sensor, the infrared LED is automatically turned on, and the CHROMA suppression function is performed by the DSP 460 chip of the CCD camera circuitry 420. It senses the sensitivity of the light, so as to suppress the color signal according to the amount of AGC gain, and completely blocks the color signal in the low light area, so it is automatically switched from color mode to black and white mode.

도5에 나타내는 바와 같이, 본 발명에 적용되는 OLPF는 종래의 가시광선 투과감도를 가지며, 또한 적외선 대역중 해로운 적외선 대역(620㎚ ~ 820㎚)을 제외한 근적외선 대역을 투과하는 적당한 투과율을 가지고 있다. 여기서, 적외선의 투과감도가 너무 좋아도 태양빛과 같은 낮에서의 자연 대기상태에서는 절대온도 이상의 물체 또는 태양광선으로부터는 분자의 회전, 진동 등에 의해 적외선이 방출되므로, 나뭇잎 등의 색이 자연색이 나오지 않고 단색이 혼재된 초록색으로 보인다. 즉, 사물이 희뿌옇게 보이게 된다. 또한, 렌즈 역시 가시광선과 근적외선 대역에서 투과감도가 가능한 좋아야 한다.As shown in Fig. 5, the OLPF applied to the present invention has a conventional visible light transmittance sensitivity and an appropriate transmittance that transmits the near infrared band excluding the harmful infrared band (620 nm to 820 nm) of the infrared band. Here, even if the transmission sensitivity of infrared rays is too good, in the natural atmospheric state in the daytime such as sunlight, infrared rays are emitted from objects above the absolute temperature or sunlight due to molecular rotation, vibration, etc. Instead, it appears as a mixed green color. In other words, things look whitish. In addition, the lens should be as good as possible the transmission sensitivity in the visible and near infrared band.

도6에 나타내는 바와 같은 감도특성을 가진 광학재료를 이용하여 본 발명의 CCD카메라를 구성함으로써, 보다 선명한 화상을 얻을 수 있다.By constructing the CCD camera of the present invention using the optical material having the sensitivity characteristic as shown in Fig. 6, a clearer image can be obtained.

상기 렌즈의 투과감도 특성을 보면 종래의 렌즈보다 적외선 투과율을 좋게하고, 더불어 가시광선과 적외선 대역을 동시에 만족할 수 있게 각 파장대의 굴절율을 계산하고 특수 코팅을 하며 고스트 및 심도, 렌즈MTF(Modulation Transfer Function)의 특성을 고려하여, 도6의 (a)에 나타내는 바와 같이 95% 이상의 투과율을 유지하는 것이 바람직하다.In terms of the transmission sensitivity of the lens, the infrared transmittance is better than the conventional lens, and the refractive index of each wavelength band is calculated and special coating is performed to satisfy the visible light and the infrared band at the same time, and the ghost, depth, and lens MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) In consideration of the characteristics of, it is preferable to maintain the transmittance of 95% or more as shown in Fig. 6A.

또한, OLPF의 특성은 적외선 대역에서 특히 적외선 조명상태에서 선명한 영상을 촬영하기 위해 투과율을 도6의 (b)와 같이 가시광선 영역에서는 95% 이상의 투과감도를 유지하며, 적외선 대역에서는 50% 이하로 투과율을 유지하는 것이 선명한 영상을 얻기에 바람직하며, 자칫 투과율만을 너무 강조하면 가시광선에서의 색온도가 틀어지므로 가시광선 및 적외선 투과율 구성비를 실험적 데이터에 의해 결정해야 한다.In addition, the characteristic of the OLPF is to maintain a transmittance of 95% or more in the visible region, as shown in (b) of FIG. Maintaining the transmittance is desirable to obtain a clear image, and if the emphasis is only so high on the transmittance, the color temperature in the visible light is changed, so the ratio of visible light and infrared light transmittance should be determined by experimental data.

또한, CCD카메라 회로부(420)의 DSP(460)칩에서는 광센서에 의해 조도가 1룩스 정도일때 자동으로 컬러모드에서 흑백모드로 전환될 수 있도록 회로가 구성되어 있으며, 또 DSP의 데이터 입력을 낮에는 컬러, 밤에는 흑백모드가 되도록 데이터 처리 한다.In addition, in the DSP chip 460 of the CCD camera circuit unit 420, a circuit is configured to automatically switch from the color mode to the black and white mode when the illuminance is about 1 lux by an optical sensor. The data is processed to be color in the night and black and white in the night.

이상 본 발명자에 의해 행해진 발명을 구체적으로 설명했지만, 본 발명은 그것에 한정되는 것이 아니고, 그 요지를 이탈하지 않는 범위에서 여러가지 변경 가능한 것은 말할 필요도 없다.As mentioned above, although the invention made by this inventor was demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited to it, Needless to say that various changes are possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary.

상기와 같은 일체형 CCD카메라는, 적외선 조명기와, 가시광선 및 근적외선 대역에서 투과감도가 좋은 렌즈와 가시광선 대역에서 투광율이 좋으며, 투과감도가 좋은 렌즈와, 가시광선 대역에서 적당한 투과율을 가진 OLPF를 이용하여 일체형 CCD카메라를 구성함으로써, 가시광선으로 촬영이 가능한 낮에는 선명한 컬러형상으로 밤에는 근적외선 조명을 이요한 선명한 흑백영상을 촬영할 수 있다는 효과가 있다.The integrated CCD camera as described above uses an infrared illuminator, a lens having good transmittance in the visible and near infrared bands, a good transmittance in the visible light band, a lens having good transmittance, and an OLPF having a suitable transmittance in the visible light band. By constructing an integrated CCD camera, it is possible to capture clear black and white images using near-infrared illumination at night with a vivid color shape that can be photographed with visible light.

Claims (4)

밤이나 조명이 없는 곳에서 적외선 조명을 밝혀주는 적외선 조명기와,Infrared illuminators that illuminate infrared light at night or in no light, 외부의 화상정보를 입력하는 렌즈와, 화상정보를 필터링하는 필터부와,A lens for inputting external image information, a filter unit for filtering image information, 외부 광원으로부터 입력되는 광을 축적하였다가 상기 렌즈에서 수집된 화상정보와 함께 수직동기신호에 맞추어 외부로 출력하는 CCD와,A CCD that accumulates light input from an external light source and outputs the external light according to a vertical synchronization signal together with image information collected by the lens; CCD에서 나온 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환하는 DSP 칩으로 구성되어 있으며,It consists of a DSP chip that converts analog signals from the CCD into digital signals. 상기 렌즈는 가시광선은 물론 근적외선에서도 투과감도가 좋고,The lens has good transmittance in visible light as well as near infrared light, 상기 필터는 종래의 가시광선 대역에서의 투과감도와 해로운 적외선 대역을 (620㎚ ~ 820㎚) 제거한 근적외선 대역에서의 적당한 투과감도를 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는 일체형 CCD카메라.And said filter has a conventional transmission sensitivity in the visible light band and an appropriate transmission sensitivity in the near infrared band from which the harmful infrared band (620 nm to 820 nm) is removed. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 적외선 조명기는 적외선 LED로 구성되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 일체형 CCD카메라.The infrared illuminator is an integrated CCD camera, characterized in that composed of infrared LEDs. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 OLPF는 근적외선 대역에서 투과감도가 50%이하 인 것을 특징으로 하는 일체형 CCD카메라.The OLPF is an integrated CCD camera, characterized in that the transmission sensitivity is less than 50% in the near infrared band. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 적외선 조명기는 조도가 1룩스 정도일때 자동으로 켜지며, DSP칩의 광센서에 의해 컬러모드에서 흑백모드로 자동 전환되는 것을 특징으로 하는 일체형 CCD카메라.The infrared illuminator is automatically turned on when the illuminance is about 1 lux, the integrated CCD camera, characterized in that the automatic switching from the color mode to the black and white mode by the optical sensor of the DSP chip.
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