KR20030041136A - Sandwich plate ramps - Google Patents

Abstract

The movable lamp includes a sandwich type load-bearing deck comprising an upper and lower metal plate and an intermediate layer of plastic bonded to the metal plate to transmit shear force between the metal plates.

Description

Sandwich Plate Lamps {SANDWICH PLATE RAMPS}

RoRo and RoPax ferries are widely used around the world to transport power vehicles such as cars, vans and trucks across water. The ferry has one or more movable decks on which the power vehicle is transported, and has a movable lamp for lowering the drawbridge on the deck so that the power vehicle can be driven or stopped on the deck. In ships, movable lamps are sometimes provided to foreign objects and solids, so that the vehicle can be driven up and down the vehicle deck, thereby avoiding the operation of rotating or reversing the vehicle. Movable lamps are provided in multideck vessels to allow access between decks, and in some cases, the movable lamps may be supported with the vehicle on the ramp in an elevated state.

This type of movable lamp must be strong enough and strong enough to carry the expected vehicle load; The vehicle load includes wheel loads concentrated from a forklift and loads of more than 150 tons of complex heavy duty vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, tractors, trailers, and the like. In particular, because the power vehicle is driven and the upper surface which can be prevented from slipping can be worn, the upper surface must be able to withstand such wear for a proper period without damaging the structural strength in the lamp. At the same time, the weight of the lamp and its occupied space must be minimized so that the available loading space and the ship loading amount are maximum.

To date, such lamps have been formed of rigid steel structures; Such structures are heavy-duty structures that are very complex in structure and require multiple welding; The multiple welding is difficult to protect from corrosive sea air and frequently suffers from fatigue cracks near the lamp tip or lamp tip in wear plates and reinforcements.

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to ramps and, more particularly, to movable ramps for vehicle ferries that can allow loading and unloading of vehicles and access between decks.

1 is a view showing a movable lamp according to the present invention in a vehicle ferry.

2 is a bottom plan view of the movable lamp according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a side view of the movable lamp of Figure 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the movable lamp of Fig. 2 along line A-A.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the movable lamp of Fig. 2 along line B-B.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the movable lamp of Fig. 2 along line C-C.

Figure 7 is an enlarged side view of the hinge end of the movable lamp of Figure 2;

FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of the hinge end of the movable lamp of FIG. 2, taken along line D-D of FIG.

9 is a vertical sectional view of the hinge end of the movable lamp of FIG. 2, taken along line D-D of FIG.

10 is a bottom plan view of the movable lamp according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view along line F-F of the movable lamp of FIG. 10; FIG.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view along line G-G of the movable lamp of FIG.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved lamp structure, for example, which is light in weight, simple in structure, easy to protect from corrosion and in which fatigue components are removed.

According to the present invention there is provided a movable lamp comprising a load-bearing deck whose one end can be mounted to a rotatable hinge; The load-bearing deck includes a sandwich structure including upper and lower metal plates and a plastic intermediate plate bonded to the metal plates to transmit shear force therebetween.

The sandwich plate used to form the load-bearing deck has increased stiffness compared to steel plates of the same thickness, and there is no need to provide a reinforcing element or alleviates this need. Thus, because the structure is considerably simpler and the welding is less, the manufacturing is simple, and the areas and parts which are susceptible to corrosion and fatigue can be removed. Details of sandwich plate structures suitable for use in the present invention are disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,783,813 and UK Patent Application GB-A-2 337 022. The intermediate plate may be a composite core disclosed in International Patent Application WO 01/32414.

The movable lamp of the present invention is thicker than the lower plate and includes a top plate on which the vehicle is driven. The top surface of the top plate is surface treated and bent or coated to improve traction when passing through the vehicle.

The upper plate has a thickness of 4 mm to 20 mm, the lower plate has a thickness of 3 mm to 20 mm, and the middle plate has a thickness of 20 mm to 200 mm.

The thickness of the distal end of the load-bearing deck (the part furthest from the hinge) is inclined. This slope is accommodated in the intermediate layer and the outer metal layer has a constant thickness. The lower metal layer is increased in thickness in this region to resist wear at the pier.

The lamp according to the invention can also be used for building and urban development, not for ships.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood by the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

Fig. 1 shows a vehicle ferry 1 which is a RoRo or RoPax ferry with a movable lamp 2 on the bow so that the powered vehicle 3 can be driven directly from the vehicle deck 4 to the pier 5. It is. The ramp 2 is hinged at the inner (center) end of the board and includes wires, winches or hydraulic cylinders (not shown) for raising and lowering the vehicle. The ramp is formed by several adjacent hinges that are independently hinged, so that lateral stresses can be minimized even when the wharf is not horizontal and can accommodate ship movement at anchors. Some of these facilities are sometimes referred to as bow fingers. In order to allow straightening during loading and unloading of a powered vehicle, the ship's junk may be provided with a lamp similar to that described above. Entry and exit of vehicles when the vessel is in service is normally closed by bow and junk doors (not shown), but is not necessary for small open deck ferries in sheltered water. The lamp of the present invention forms a watertight door upon rise.

Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the movable lamp 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, which is generally square or rectangular when viewed in plan view, for example 3 m to 4 m in length and 0.5 m to 1 m in width; to be. The board inner (center) end is provided with a side flange 6 for mounting on the hinge in the ship, and the board outer (end) end is provided with a slope 7 to reduce the step of lowering the end of the ramp to the quay. do. This is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, which are side cross-sectional and vertical cross-sectional views along the line A-A of FIG.

The top plate 8 of the lamp 2 is formed, for example, of 8 mm steel sheet provided with a suitable corrosion resistant coating. The top plate on which the vehicle is driven is almost flat and surface-treated to improve traction with the vehicle tires. For example, the upper surface is provided with a self-draining non-slip rising pattern formed of uniformly distributed rising studs, such as "Durbar®" manufactured by the Chorus Group Piels.

The bottom plate 9 is formed of two parts, the main part 9a extending over most of the length of the lamp 2 is made of a 4 mm steel sheet, and the far end end 9b from the hinge is thicker, for example 8 mm. It is made of steel sheet. This part of the lamp is in contact with the pier when the lamp is lowered, and the thick plate is used to accommodate the wear generated. The length of the distal end, that is, the portion where the lamp is inclined, is about 0.3 mm to 1 m.

The side wall 12, for example made of 10 mm steel sheet, is connected to the top and bottom plates 8, 9, for example one or more longitudinal dividers made of 10 mm plates may be provided. Therefore, the upper and lower plates 8 and 9 and the side walls 10 form a box-like structure in which the intermediate layer 12 is filled, and the intermediate layer is made of an elastic material or plastic bonded to the upper and lower plates 8 and 9, Can transmit the shear force of. At the main part of the lamp, the upper and lower plates are formed 60 mm apart from each other and inclined at about 25 mm to 30 mm at the ends. 5 and 6, which are vertical cross-sectional views along the lines B-B and C-C in Fig. 2, show the box-like structure and the inclined structure more clearly. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the side walls 10 are inserted slightly from the edges of the upper and lower plates 8, 9 to form small ribs.

At the hinge end of the lamp, the box-like structure is closed, for example by an end plate 13 of a 12 mm steel sheet, extending below the bottom plate 9 and spanning between the side flanges 6 to reinforce them. At the distal end, the box-like structure is closed by a solid metal, for example a tip rod of about 40 mm diameter. This is because the end of the lamp is substantially worn by the vehicle mounting the lamp on the board of the ship 1.

By providing a horizontal projection 15 projecting from the side of the lamp at a suitable position for engaging with an adjacent lamp, the set of lamps is raised and lowered as a unit.

7 to 9 show the hinge structure and the board inner end of the lamp. As shown, the side flange 6 extends below the bottom plate 9 and is provided with a through part 16 for mounting a hinge pin (not shown), for example a housewife made of a thick plate of 25 mm. (6a). The through hole 16 is provided with a bronze bushing. The main portion 6a extends to the center of the end plate 13 provided with a horizontal flange on its lower edge to add strength. The thickness is shallower than the main part 6a of the side flange 6, for example, a thin plate 6b of 10 mm extends to the end of the end plate 13 and extends about 0.3 mm to 1 m to the end plate 13. do. An additional reinforcement plate 17 similar in shape to the plate 6b may extend from the end plate 13 to the distal end in the middle.

The lamp manufacturing method according to the invention comprises the step of welding the side wall 10 and the divider 11 to the inside of the top plate (8). The two parts 9a, 9b of the bottom plate 9 are welded to form a box-like structure, which is closed by welding the end wall 13 and the tip rod 16 in place. The intermediate layer 12 is formed by injecting uncured plastic through the injection port 18 provided with the vent for venting air (Figs. 2 and 3). The plastic is cured or heat cured if necessary. The injection port is closed and sealed along the vent after curing. The side flange 6 and other inserts can be welded before and after injection and after curing of the elastomer, as desired. All welding is preferably completed before injection of the elastomer, in order to minimize thermal shock.

10 to 12 show a second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the movable lamp is not divided into small lamps as in the first embodiment, but takes a single structure of about 16m x 16m.

The lamp 20 according to the second embodiment comprises a main lamp plate 21 reinforced by a crossing beam and longitudinal girders 23. The main lamp plate 21 has a sandwich structure composed of an upper plate 24, an intermediate layer or a core 25, and a lower plate 26. Hinges 27 are provided for connecting the lamps to the ship. The core 25 comprises foam that occupies about 50% of the volume between the top and bottom plates 24 and 26, with the remainder being occupied by elastomeric ribs. As an example, the top plate has a thickness of 6 mm, the core has a thickness of 75 mm, and the bottom plate has a thickness of 7 mm. Structurally, the strength of the foam can be neglected, but the elastomeric ribs are secured to the upper and lower plates 24 and 26, thus transferring the shear force between the upper and lower plates.

The lamp 20 forms the main door of the ship and includes an independent small lamp at its distal end (left end in FIG. 10). This independent small lamp has a structure similar to that of the lamp of the first embodiment. Substructures and other members are provided to accommodate concentrated loads associated with latches, locks, attachments, cables or other actuators, and the like.

In order to construct the lamp 20, the lower plate 26 is positioned in an inverted state, with the transverse beam 22 and the longitudinal girders welded to the lower surface of the lower plate 26. A portion of the structure is flipped over, and the spacer bar and sidewalls are welded to the top surface of the bottom plate 26. The foam (block) is then seated, covering 50% area of the plate. The top plate 24 is then welded to the spar bar and sidewalls to form a hermetic cavity. Non-slip bars and other members are welded in place. Finally, the hermetic cavity is injected with an elastomer that cures to form the core 25.

The design of all conventional steel structures employs a top plate made of 13 mm thick steel reinforced by longitudinal bulb balance steel. In addition, an additional crossing beam is also required. In contrast, the lamp according to the invention is of medium weight, significantly reducing the amount of welding by the removal of the bulb balance steel and some of the beams, and generally having a simple structure. In addition, the area of the steel to be painted is substantially reduced, and various parts where moisture may penetrate can be eliminated.

The upper and lower metal plates and other metal parts of the lamp of the present invention are preferably composed of structural steel as described above, and aluminum, stainless steel or other structural alloys may be used for applications requiring light weight and corrosion resistance and other special characteristics. It may be. The metal preferably has a minimum yield strength of 240 MPa and an elongation of at least 10%.

The intermediate layer has an elastic modulus (E) of at least 250 MPa, preferably 275 MPa, at the maximum expected temperature in the environment in which the member is used. In shipbuilding, this temperature is 100 ° C.

At the lowest operating temperature, the malleability of the elastomer should be about 20% greater than the metal layer. At the lowest temperature the good malleability value of the elastomer is 50%. The thermal coefficient of the elastomer must be near the thermal coefficient of the steel so that no welding is caused by temperature changes in the expected operating range during welding. The acceptable thermal coefficient in both materials depends in part on the elasticity of the elastomer, but the thermal coefficient of the elastomer is believed to be about 10 times that of the metal layer. The coefficient of thermal expansion can be controlled by adding a filler to the elastomer.

The bond strength between the elastomer and the metal layer should be at least 0.5 MPa, preferably 6 MPa over the entire operating range. This is achieved by the inherent adhesion of the elastomer to the metal, but an additional binder must be provided.

It also includes the requirement that when the lamp is used for shipbuilding, it must be hydrolytically stable between seawater and fresh water.

Thus, elastomers basically comprise polyols (eg polyesters or polyethers), along with isocyanates or diisocyanates, chain extensions and fillers. If desired, the filler may be used to reduce the thermal coefficient and cost of the interlayer and to control the physical properties of the elastomer. In addition, additives and flame retardants may be provided to change mechanical or other properties (eg, adhesion, water or oil resistance).

The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, and is not limited thereto, and one of ordinary skill in the art should recognize that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the appended claims.

Claims (11)

A movable lamp having a load-bearing deck at which one end can be mounted to a rotatable hinge, The load-bearing deck is a movable lamp, characterized in that it comprises an upper and lower metal plate, and a plastic intermediate layer bonded to the metal plate to transfer the shear force between the upper and lower metal plates. The movable lamp of claim 1, wherein the upper plate is thicker than the lower plate. 3. A movable lamp according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the top surface of the top plate is surface treated and bent or coated to improve traction when passing through the vehicle. The movable lamp of claim 1, wherein the upper plate has a thickness in the range of 4 mm to 20 mm, the lower plate has a thickness in the range of 3 mm to 20 mm, and the intermediate layer has a thickness in the range of 20 mm to 200 mm. The movable lamp according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the distal end thickness of the load-bearing deck is inclined. 6. The movable lamp of claim 5, wherein the inclination is received in an intermediate layer. 7. The movable lamp of claim 6, wherein the lower plate is increased in thickness at its distal end. The movable lamp of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a compact elastomer. 8. A movable lamp according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a foam, and plastic material located in the space between the upper and lower metal plates is not occupied by the foam. Movable lamp, characterized in that configured with reference to the accompanying drawings. A ship comprising the movable lamp as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 10.