CN1639000A

CN1639000A - Sandwich plate ramps

Info

Publication number: CN1639000A
Application number: CNA018182828A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S·J·肯尼迪
Original assignee: Intelligent Engineering Bahamas Ltd
Current assignee: Intelligent Engineering Bahamas Ltd
Priority date: 2000-09-04
Filing date: 2001-08-21
Publication date: 2005-07-13
Anticipated expiration: 2021-08-21
Also published as: KR20030041136A; US20040098818A1; WO2002020342A1; KR100869608B1; AU2001279976A1; GB2366281B; GB2366281A; EP1315650A1; GB0021662D0; JP2004516176A; CN100519328C

Abstract

A moveable ramp has a load-bearing deck formed of a sandwich structure comprising upper and lower metal plates and an intermediate layer of plastic bonded to the metal plates so as to transfer shear forces between them.

Description

Sandwich plate ramps

The present invention relates to the ramp, especially for the movable ramp in the roll-on ship, it for example makes vehicle to be loaded and unloaded and to pass through between the deck.

RoRo and RoPax ferryboat have obtained in the whole world widely using, be used for power actuated vehicle for example transportations such as car, caravan and truck pass through water body.Such ferryboat have power actuated vehicle carrying thereon one or more car decks and be provided with movable ramp, this movable ramp makes suspension bridge type body drop on the harbour so that power actuated vehicle can travel upper deck and travels and leave the deck.Usually, movable ramp will be arranged on the forward andor aft of boats and ships, make vehicle upper deck and travel and leave the deck, the delay when therefore having avoided Vehicular turn or reversing to overtake.On the boats and ships on a plurality of decks, can movable ramp be set so that vehicle passes through between the deck, and in some cases, such movable ramp position that can be arranged to rise and that remain on rise, vehicle is on the ramp simultaneously.

Such movable ramp must have enough intensity so that the car load of carrying expection, comprise the wheel load of concentrating from fork truck, car, truck, trac., trailer etc., this load may reach 150 tons under the situation of a plurality of heavy goods vehicles, and this movable ramp must be long-lived.Specifically, the upper surface that power actuated vehicle travels thereon is preferably skidproof, and this upper surface has stood big wearing and tearing, and must bear this wearing and tearing in rationally long period and do not lose the structural strength in ramp.Simultaneously, the weight in ramp and its occupied space must be reduced to minimum, so that make the useful cargo bay and the tonnage maximization of boats and ships.

Up to the present; such ramp is made by the steel structure of reinforcing; but these structures are quite complicated and heavy structures; it needs a lot of solder joints; be difficult to these solder joints of protection in order to avoid the influence of corrosive maritime air; and in wearing plate, facing plate and on reinforcing member, through regular meeting fracture by fatigue takes place near ramp end or ramp end.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved pits rampway structure, for example this pits rampway structure is light, structure is comparatively simple and/or be easier to protect with corrosion prevention, and has eliminated and tended to produce tired element.

According to the present invention, a kind of movable ramp is provided, it comprises the carrying deck that can at one end be installed on the rotatable hinge, wherein said carrying deck comprises a sandwich structure, this sandwich structure has the interlayer of upper and lower metal sheet and plastic material, and this interlayer is combined on the described metal sheet so that transmit shearing force betwixt.

Compare with the steel plate of comparable thickness, the structural panel sandwich that is used to form the carrying deck has the rigidity of increase, and avoids or reduced the requirement of fastening element is provided.This has just produced the quite simple structure with less solder joint as a result, has caused the manufacturing process of simplifying, and has reduced element and the zone that is easy to corrode with tired.The other element that is applicable to the sandwich plate structure among the present invention can be in US Patent 5,778,813 and UK Patent Application GB-A-2337 022 in find.Interlayer also can be the composite core described in the international patent application No.WO 01/32414.These documents are incorporated herein by reference.

The upper board that movable ramp of the present invention preferably makes vehicle travel thereon is thicker than lower panel.The upper surface of upper board can be provided with surface working, molded surface or coating, so that improve the traction of the vehicle that passes through on this upper surface.

The preferred thickness of upper board is 4-20mm, and the thickness of lower panel is 3-20mm, and the thickness of interlayer is 20-200mm.

In addition preferably, the distal portion (away from hinge) on carrying deck is convergent on thickness.Preferably, this tapered portion is contained in the interlayer, and outer metal layer has constant thickness.In fact lower metal layer can have the thickness of increase in this zone, so that the wearing and tearing of tolerance port area.

Also can be used for the application scenario of non-sea-freight according to ramp of the present invention, for example building and civil engineering.

With reference to following explanation and accompanying drawing to exemplary embodiment, will be further detailed the present invention, wherein:

Fig. 1 represent in the roll-on ship according to movable ramp of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the planar view according to the downside of the movable ramp of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the lateral plan of the movable ramp of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the vertical sectional view along the movable ramp of Fig. 2 of line A-A;

Fig. 5 is the vertical sectional view along the movable ramp of Fig. 2 of line B-B;

Fig. 6 is the vertical sectional view along the movable ramp of Fig. 2 of line C-C;

Fig. 7 is the enlarged side view of hinge end section of the movable ramp of Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is the horizontal cross of hinge end section of movable ramp of the Fig. 2 of the line D-D in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is the vertical sectional view of hinge end section of movable ramp of the Fig. 2 of the line E-E in Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is the planar view according to the downside of the movable ramp of the first embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the cutaway view along the line F-F of the movable ramp of Figure 10; And

Figure 12 is the cutaway view along the line G-G of the movable ramp of Figure 10.

In each figure, identical parts are represented by identical reference marker.

Fig. 1 has represented roll-on ship 1, and it can be RoRo or RoPax ferryboat, and this ferryboat has movable ramp 2 so that power actuated vehicle 3 can directly drive to port area 5 from car deck 4 at its bow.(closely) end in its ship, ramp 2 is hinged and can be provided with hawser and capstan winch or hydraulic actuating cylinder (not shown) so that its rising and decline.This ramp can be formed by the several adjacent portion of pivotally attached independently sections, so that under port area and inequal situation lateral stress is reduced to minimum and be adapted to the motion of boats and ships at anchor point.Some such structures are called as the bow dactylitic texture sometimes.The stern that similar ramp can be arranged on boats and ships is sentenced and is just carried out the straight-though loading and unloading of power actuated vehicle.When boats and ships under sail the time, the vehicle entrance and exit generally will be by the door (not shown) sealing of bow and stern, but under by the situation of the small-sized open type deck ferryboat in the waters that screens, this is not essential.Ramp of the present invention can form water door when rising.

Fig. 2 is the planar view according to the downside of the movable ramp 2 of the first embodiment of the present invention, and it is general square shape or rectangle in the plane, and for example approximately 3-4m is long, and 0.5-1m is wide.In board (closely) end is provided with lateral flanges 6 so that be installed on the hinge on the boats and ships, and (far) end overboard, and the ramp has part of splaying 7 so that reduce ramp end jumping out of in the port area.These details also can see in Fig. 3 and 4, and Fig. 3 and 4 is respectively the vertical sectional view on the line A-A among lateral plan and Fig. 2.

The upper board 8 in ramp 2 can be formed by the steel plate of for example 8mm, and this steel plate is provided with suitable anticorrosion coating.The upper surface that vehicle will travel thereon is flat basically and can be provided with surface treatment so that improve traction to vehicle tyre.For example, upper surface can be provided with the anti-skidding raised design of self arrangement that is formed by well-distributed projection column, the sort of by Corus Group plc manufacturing for example, and its trade mark is " Durbar ".

Lower panel 9 forms two parts, is formed in the main portion 9a that extends on most of length in ramp 2 by the steel plate of for example 4mm, and forms distal portions 9b away from hinge by the thicker steel plate of for example 8mm.When the ramp descends, this part in ramp will contact with the port area, and thicker plate is used to adapt to the wearing and tearing that produced.The length of distal portions can be approximately 0.3-1m, is also splayed in this distal portions in the ramp.

For example the sidewall 12 of 10mm steel plate is connected upper board with lower panel 8,9, and one or more longitudinal subdivision devices can be set, and for example also is the plate of 10mm.Therefore upper board and lower panel 8,9 and sidewall 10 formed box-like structure, can be filled with interlayer 12 in this structure, and this interlayer is to be attached to plastics on upper board and the lower panel 8,9 or elastomeric material so that transmit shearing force between them.In the main portion in ramp, the spaced apart 60mm of upper board and lower panel phases down in end sections and is about 25-30mm.Fig. 5 and 6 more clearly shows the box like structure and the part of splaying, and Fig. 5 and 6 is respectively line B-B in Fig. 2 and the vertical sectional view of C-C.As shown in Fig. 5 and 6, sidewall 10 can insert slightly from the edge of upper board and lower panel 8,9, so this has formed little lip.

Hinge end section in the ramp, box like structure be by end plate 13 sealing of for example 12mm steel plate, this end plate extend to lower panel 9 the below and across between the lateral flanges 6 so that strengthen them.In distal portion, box like structure is by for example terminal bar 14 sealings of steel of solid metal, and this end bar has for example diameter of 40mm.This be because, vehicle ' on the ramp so that climb up boats and ships 1, so the end in ramp will be subjected to very large wearing and tearing.

Boss 15 can be arranged to outstanding from the side in ramp in position, so that engage with the ramp of vicinity, makes one group of ramp can be used as one and rises overally and descend.

The details table of the hinge arrangement in ramp and ship inner end is shown among Fig. 7,8 and 9.As among these figure as can be seen, lateral flanges 6 extends to the below of lower panel 9 and has main portion 6a, this main portion 6a is relative thicker plate, for example 25mm wherein is provided with through hole 16 so that be installed on the link pin (not shown).For example the lining of copper is arranged in the through hole 16.Main portion 6a approaches end plate 13 and extends, and this end plate can be provided with horizontal flanges so that the enhancing that adds by its lower edge.That extend away from end plate 13 is the plate 6b that adds, and this additional plate 6b for example reduces than the thin 10mm of mainboard 6a and the degree of depth of lateral flanges 6, ends at about 0.3-1m from end plate 13.The other reinforcement plate 17 that shape is similar to plate 6b can be arranged in the centre portion of end plate away from these end plate 13 extensions.

The present preferable methods of making ramp of the present invention is that sidewall 10 and separation pig 11 are welded on the inboard of upper board 8.Two

part

9a, 9b welding lower panel 9 then are to form box like structure, then by end wall 13 and terminal bar 16 are welded this box like structure of sealing in place.Inject uncured plastics by inlet 18 (shown in Fig. 2 and 3) then, and breather port 19 (shown in Fig. 2 and 3) makes air to overflow, formed interlayer 12 thus.Can make plastics solidification or heatcure then as required.After solidifying, inlet can be worn away and seal with breather port.At will, before or after elastomeric injection and solidifying, can weld upper lateral part flange 6 and other fitting.Preferably, before injecting elastic body, finish all welding so that its fire damage is reduced to minimum.

The second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated among Figure 10,11 and 12.In this embodiment, movable ramp is the about single structure of 16m * 16m for example, rather than is segmented into less ramp as among first embodiment.

Ramp 20 according to second embodiment comprises the main ramp plate of being reinforced by transverse beam 22 and longitudinal carrier 23 21.Main ramp plate 21 is the sandwich structure that comprises upper board 24, intermediate plate or core 25 and lower panel 26.Be provided with hinge components 27 so that the ramp is connected with boats and ships.Core 25 comprises foam forming body and elastic rib,, this foam forming body occupies for example 50% volume of the cavity between upper board and the

lower panel

24,26, and this elastic rib occupies remaining volume.As an example, the thickness of upper board can be 6mm, and core is 75mm, and lower panel is 7mm.In configuration aspects, foam provides negligible intensity, but elastic rib attached on upper board and the

lower panel

24,26 so that transmit shearing force betwixt.

Ramp 20 can also form the main door of boats and ships and can be provided with independently less ramp in its far-end (left end among Figure 10).These independently less ramps can be and the similar structure in the ramp of first embodiment.The element that can be provided with base portion and other bears concentrated load, for example those load that are associated with the attachment of latch piece, lock, hawser or other actuator etc.

For body plan ramp 20, lower panel 26 is inverted the location, ground, and transverse beam 22 and longitudinal carrier are welded on the lower surface of lower panel 26.Then with local structure upsets, and spacer bar and sidewall are welded on the upper surface of lower panel 26.Next, place foam forming body (piece) so that cover 50% area of plate.Then, upper board 24 is welded on spacer bar and the sidewall to form the air tight cavity.Then can antiskid bar and the welding of other element is in place.At last, the air tight cavity is injected into elastic body, and this elastic body solidifies to make core 25 fully.

The full steel structure of the equivalence of conventional design has been used the upper board of the 13mm steel of reinforcing by vertical bulb flat.It also needs the transverse beam that adds.In comparison, ramp according to the present invention has moderate weight, does not simultaneously need bulb flat, and some beams have significantly reduced required welding capacity, and simplifies the structure generally.Also significantly reduced the area of the steel of necessary japanning, and eliminated moisture and may assemble a lot of points thereon.

The upper and lower metal sheet in ramp of the present invention and other metal part be structural steel preferably, as mentioned above, but in the application scenario that requires light weight, corrosion stability or other particular characteristicss, they also can be aluminium, corrosion-resistant steel or other constructional alloys.Metal preferably SMYS is 240MPa, and percentage elongation is at least 10%.

Parts with the environment that is employed in, under the desired temperature of maximum, the due elastic modulus E of interlayer is 250MPa at least, is preferably 275MPa.This temperature can be 100 ℃ in the application scenario of shipbuilding.

Elastomeric ductility under the minimum operation temperature must be greater than the ductility of metal level, and the ductility of this metal level is about 20%.The preferred value of the elastomeric ductility under the minimum operation temperature is 50%.Elastomeric coefficient of thermal conductivity also must be enough near the coefficient of thermal conductivity of steel, make by expection opereating specification and can not cause layering in the temperature traverse of weld period.The coefficient of thermal conductivity of two kinds of materials can be different degree will partly depend on elastomeric elasticity, but we believe that elastomeric thermal expansion coefficient can be about 10 times of thermal expansion coefficient of metal level.By in elastic body, adding filler, can control thermal expansion coefficient.

In the whole operation scope, the anchoring strength between elastic body and the metal level must be at least 0.5MPa, is preferably 6MPa.This preferably realizes by elastic body and the intrinsic adhesive bonding property of metallo-, but also can provide additional cementitious agent.

Use if the ramp is used for shipbuilding, so other requirement comprises: elastic body must all be a hydrolysis-stable to seawater and fresh water.

Therefore, elastic body is gone up substantially and can be comprised polyol (for example polyester or polyethers) and isocyanates or diisocyanate, cahin extension agent and filler.As required, provide filler, reduce its cost and otherwise control elastomeric physical property so that reduce the coefficient of thermal conductivity of interlayer.For example, can also comprise other additive and fire retardant in order to change mechanical characteristics or other characteristic (for example adhesive bonding property and fastness to water or fuel resistance).

Though more than described embodiments of the invention, should be appreciated that this is exemplary, intention is not to limit the scope of the invention, this scope is limited by the accompanying claims.Specifically, the purpose that given size is used to instruct not is what stipulate.

Claims

1. movable ramp, it comprises the carrying deck that can at one end be installed on the rotatable hinge, wherein said carrying deck comprises a sandwich structure, this sandwich structure has the interlayer of upper and lower metal sheet and plastic material, and this interlayer is combined on the described metal sheet so that transmit shearing force betwixt.

2. movable ramp according to claim 1 is characterized in that described upper board is thicker than described lower panel.

3. movable ramp according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the upper surface of described upper board is provided with surface working, molded surface or coating, so that improve the traction of the vehicle that passes through on this upper surface.

4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described movable ramp, it is characterized in that the thickness of described upper board is 4-20mm, the thickness of described lower panel is 3-20mm, and the thickness of described interlayer is 20-200mm.

5. according to each described movable ramp in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the distal portion on carrying deck is a convergent on thickness.

6. movable ramp according to claim 5 is characterized in that described tapered portion is contained in the interlayer.

7. movable ramp according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described lower panel has the thickness of increase in described distal portion.

8. according to each described movable ramp in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that described interlayer comprises compact elastic body.

9. according to each described movable ramp among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that described interlayer comprises a shaped object and described plastic material, in the space that this plastic material is not occupied by described shaped object between the metal sheet of described upper and lower.

10. one kind basically with reference to the accompanying drawing movable ramp of body plan as previously mentioned.

11. boats and ships, it has according to each described at least one movable ramp in the aforementioned claim.