KR20030039724A - Tunneling machines having a plasma blasting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A tunneling machine equipped with a plasma blasting device is provided to minimize damage of cutter head caused face to face with piles, reinforcing bars and bed rocks by a camera recognizing the exact location of obstacles and a plasma blasting device breaking or cutting them, therefore to extend lifetime, moreover to promote safe working conditions. CONSTITUTION: The tunneling machine equipped with a plasma basting device contains: a cutter head(300) provided with openings(320) and numbers of bits(310); a manipulator(420) provided with an arm(440) revolving and moving by itself, also helping a first hydraulic cylinder(430) horizontally move along a guide rail(410); a second hydraulic cylinder(442) adjusting slight movement of the arm; a third hydraulic cylinder(461)opening a door(460); a front body(100) provided with a hollow shaft(110) aiding gyration of the cutter, a plasma blasting device(500) blowing up obstacles with an impact cell and plasma and a camera(450); a couple of steering jacks; a tail body(200) comprising a motor(210) and a reduction gear box(220) necessary to run the cutter head.

Description

Tunnel excavator with plasma blasting device {TUNNELING MACHINES HAVING A PLASMA BLASTING DEVICE}

The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator, and more particularly, a plasma blasting apparatus capable of accurately blasting or cutting an obstacle after accurately identifying the position of the obstacle when the tunnel excavator encounters an obstacle such as a rock, a stone, a reinforcing bar or a pile during the excavation. It relates to a tunnel excavator having a.

The excavation method of the tunnel excavation method is a soil excavation cutter mounted on the tip of the machine by inserting a steel cylindrical excavation machine called a micro tunneling machine or a semi-shield machine into a vertical work tool. Excavate the ground while rotating the cutter head and perform various auxiliary methods (water and chemical injection) on the membrane surface to prevent the collapse of the membrane surface while preventing the collapse of the membrane surface. It is to excavate the tunnel while repeating the work of pushing and pushing.

The tunnel excavator used in the propulsion method for excavating a tunnel will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a side cross-sectional view showing a conventional tunnel excavator, Figure 2 is a front view showing a conventional tunnel excavator. As shown, the tunnel excavator according to the prior art consists of a front cylinder 10 and a tail body 20 of a steel cylinder.

The front cylinder 10 is a cylindrical hollow shaft 11 is fixedly installed in the center, the hollow shaft 11 is supported by a support bracket 12 extending from the inside of the front cylinder 10 and gears on the outer periphery The box 13 is bearing-coupled, and the first crusher 14 having an approximately trumpet shape extending from the outer periphery of the gearbox 13 while extending forward is screwed in the axial direction on the front face of the gearbox 13. .

In addition, the hollow shaft 11 is provided with a second crusher 15 fixed in the axial direction at one end, the end of the second crusher 15 is inclined surface plate 14a of the first crusher 14 along the outer peripheral surface The inclined surface plate 15a having a shape opposite to that is formed to form a circular first crushing space 16 that gradually narrows toward the rear side between the inclined surface plates 14a and 15a, and the first crushing space 16 Inward, a circular passage 16a is formed, and a circular second crushing space 17 is formed behind the passage 16a.

On the other hand, the first crusher 14 is extended to a degree similar to the diameter of the front barrel 10 is coupled to the cutter head 30.

The cutter head 30 is formed or installed with a bit 31, an opening 32, and a water jet nozzle 33, and is rotatably installed in front of the front cylinder 10.

The waterjet nozzle 33 is installed in plural on the cutter head 30, each waterjet nozzle 33 is connected to the high pressure pipe (33a) installed in the front cylinder 10 and the rear cylinder 20, high pressure The pipe 33a is connected to a high pressure pump (not shown) installed on the ground. Therefore, the high pressure water generated by the high pressure pump is supplied to the waterjet nozzle 33 along the high pressure pipe 33a and sprayed on the membrane surface.

In addition, since the waterjet nozzle 33 rotates together with the cutter head 30, a swivel joint 33b is provided on the high pressure pipe 33a. Therefore, the connection portion of the high pressure pipe 33a can be freely rotated 360 degrees without leakage of high pressure water.

The rear cylinder 20 is coupled to the front cylinder 10 and a plurality of steering jacks (21), the hydraulic device (21a) and the direction modification jack for supplying the hydraulic pressure to the direction modification jack 21 on the inside A plurality of solenoid valves 21b for adjusting the stroke of the 21 are installed, and a plurality of cutter motors 22 and a reducer 23 for driving the cutter head 30 are installed. The reducer 23 is geared to the gearbox 13 of the front cylinder (10).

In addition, the rear cylinder 20 is provided with a fang pipe 24 and a manifold pipe 25 connected to the ground at the inner lower end, and a panel 26 provided with a target and a plurality of gauges engraved at one end thereof is provided. At the rear of the panel 26, a camera 27 for observing this is installed to operate the tunnel excavator for a series of excavation operations while observing it in a cockpit located on the ground.

Conventional tunnel excavators such as this are damaged when the actual strata where the excavation proceeds are different from those expected by geological survey through boring before operation, and thus encounter unexpected obstacles such as rocks or stones (ambers) when excavating. Or problems with interrupting work. Therefore, to solve this problem, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a waterjet nozzle is mounted on the cutter head, or a pair of roller cutters and a waterjet nozzle positioned between them are used, although not shown.

However, when the waterjet nozzle is fixedly installed in front of the cutter head, the waterjet nozzle rotates together with the cutter head, thereby spraying high pressure water over the entire membrane surface, thereby causing a problem of collapse of the membrane being excavated according to the soil.

In addition, if the actual strata where the excavation proceeds are different from those expected by geological survey through boring before operation, when the excavation encounters obstacles such as rocks or stones (amber), the force is weak in the small and medium sized excavators. Because of this, the work is interrupted due to damage to the equipment or lifting the excavator during the excavation work, there was a problem that the air delay and construction cost increases.

The present invention is to solve the above-described problems, when the tunnel excavator encounters an obstacle such as rock, stone, rebar or pile when the excavator moves the camera to determine the location of the obstacle and then use the plasma blasting device to accurately pinpoint the obstacle It is equipped with a plasma blasting device that minimizes abrasion of the cutter head by blasting and cutting, and also protects the equipment to extend the life of tunnel excavators, enable long-distance propulsion, and increase the stability of the membrane to secure a safe working environment. One tunnel is provided by the excavator.

The present invention for realizing the above object, the front of the steel cylindrical front body (cutter head) having an opening formed in the front is provided, but the hollow shaft is formed in the center rotatably coupled to the cutter head And a tail body coupled to a rear of the front barrel by a plurality of steering jacks and having a cutter motor and a reducer provided therein for driving the cutter head. A tunnel excavator comprising: a guide rail installed in a longitudinal direction inside a hollow shaft of the front cylinder; A manipulator installed to be movable in the longitudinal direction along the guide rail; A first hydraulic cylinder installed at a rear side of the manipulator to move the manipulator in a longitudinal direction; An arm coupled to the front end of the manipulator, having a link structure which rotates in a direction perpendicular to the hollow shaft and whose position is adjustable; A camera installed on an upper end of the arm so that the curtain can be observed through the opening of the cutter head; It provides a tunnel excavator having a plasma blasting device comprising a plasma blasting device installed at the end of the arm.

1 is a side cross-sectional view showing a conventional tunnel excavator,

2 is a front view showing a conventional tunnel excavator,

3 is a side cross-sectional view of a tunnel excavator equipped with a plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention,

4A is a front view of the plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention,

Figure 4b is a side view according to the operating sequence of the plasma blasting apparatus,

5 is a side view showing the operating state of the main part of the tunnel excavator equipped with a plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention.

<Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>

100: front cylinder 200: rear cylinder

300: cutter head 310: bit

320: opening 410: guide rail

420: Manipulator 430: First hydraulic cylinder

440: arm 441: joint

442: second hydraulic cylinder 450: camera

460: door 500: plasma blasting device

510: first cylinder 520: second cylinder

522: drill 530: third cylinder

532 pipe 540 fourth cylinder

542: shock cell 544: spring

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention.

Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of a tunnel excavator with a plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention, Figure 4a is a front view of the plasma blasting apparatus according to the invention, Figure 4b is a side view according to the operation sequence of the plasma blasting apparatus, Figure 5 is a side view showing the operating state of the main part of the tunnel excavator equipped with the plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention.

Tunnel excavator equipped with a plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the cutter head 300 having an opening 320 formed in the front is rotatably installed, along the guide rail 410 1 Manipulator 420 is installed so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction by the hydraulic cylinder 430, the arm 440 is coupled to the front end of the manipulator 420 is rotatable and positionable and the arm 440 The front body (100) in which the camera 450 and the plasma blasting apparatus 500 is installed at the upper end, and coupled to the rear of the front cylinder 100 by a plurality of steering jack (steering jack) and the cutter inside It consists of a tail body 200 is provided with a cutter motor 210 and a reducer 220 for driving the head 300.

Here, the front cylinder 100 is installed in such a way that the cutter head 300 having a bit 310 and an opening 320 on the front side thereof is rotatable, and a hollow hollow shaft 110 having a hollow portion in a central portion thereof. The fixed shaft is installed, the hollow shaft 110 is supported by the support bracket 120 extending from the inside of the front cylinder 100 and the gear box 130 is bearing-bonded to the outer periphery, the gear box 130 The front side of the crusher 140 having a substantially trumpet shape extending from the outer periphery of the gearbox 130 extending forward is screwed in the axial direction.

The crusher 140 has an end portion extended to a diameter similar to that of the front cylinder 100 to be coupled to the cutter head 300, and the cutter head 300 includes a plurality of bits 310 and openings 320 on the front surface thereof. In addition to the bit 310, a roller cutter (not shown) may be provided depending on the soil quality of the basement.

On the other hand, the guide rail 410 is installed in the longitudinal direction inside the hollow shaft 110, the manipulator 420 is installed on the guide rail 410 to be movable in the longitudinal direction, the manifold 420 The first hydraulic cylinder 430 is installed at the rear side.

The first hydraulic cylinder 430 receives hydraulic pressure through a hydraulic supply pipe 433 connected to a hydraulic pump (not shown) located on the ground, and one end of the cylinder 431 is formed on the rear surface of the hollow shaft 110 ( It is fixed to 111, the end of the piston rod 432 is coupled to the rear end of the manipulator 420. Therefore, the manipulator 420 is guided to the guide rail 410 by the compression and expansion of the first hydraulic cylinder 430 and moves in the longitudinal direction.

On the other hand, the manipulator 420 is provided with moving wheels 421 on both sides of the bottom, the guide rail 100 is made of a pair is installed side by side at regular intervals and moving wheels 421 on the inner side facing each other Is inserted is preferably a guide groove 411 having a cross-section of the "C" shaped to guide the upper and lower sides of the moving wheel 421 is formed. Therefore, the upper and lower sides of the moving wheel 421 are guided by the guide rails 410 to suppress the manipulator 420 from moving in the vertical direction so as to remain stable at a predetermined position during the excavation operation.

Arm 440 coupled to the front end of the manipulator 420 has a link structure that can be rotated in a direction perpendicular to the hollow shaft 110 and the position can be adjusted. Accordingly, the arm 440 not only rotates 360 degrees in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the hollow shaft 110 from the manipulator 420, but also moves along the radial direction of the cutter head 300 by the end of the link structure. do.

Referring to FIG. 5, the arm 440 may be rotated in an orthogonal direction of the hollow shaft 110 by an arm motor (not shown) installed inside the manipulator 420, and the arm motor may be hydraulically operated. It is preferably a hydraulic motor. Therefore, by using a hydraulic motor that has a strong and stable rotational force, the arm 440 operates normally even in the worst working environment during excavation.

In addition, the arm 440 is formed in a zigzag structure having a plurality of joints 441, the second hydraulic cylinder 442 is installed in each of the acute angle to control the bending and unfolding of the joints 441, respectively Each of the second hydraulic cylinders 442 may be supplied with hydraulic pressure through a hydraulic supply pipe (not shown) connected to a hydraulic pump located on the ground, like the first hydraulic cylinder 430, and the cylinder 442a and the piston rod. 442b is hinged to arm 440 with articulation 441 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the tip of the arm 440 is inclined to move in the radial direction of the cutter head 300 by the compression and expansion of the second hydraulic cylinder 442, so that the arm 440 has a small radius of action, thereby interfering even in a narrow space. Operation is possible without.

The camera 450 and the plasma blasting apparatus 500 are installed at an upper end of the arm 440.

Referring to FIG. 4A, the camera 450 is connected to a monitor of a cockpit located on the ground such that the manipulator 420 and the arm 440 operate so that the camera 450 opens 320 of the cutter head 300. ), You can see the surface of the curtain from the ground.

Like the camera 450, the plasma blasting apparatus 500 moves by the arm 440 to blast the obstacle located at the membrane surface through the opening 320 of the cutter head 300. Similarly, hydraulic pressure is supplied through hydraulic supply lines (not shown) that connect to hydraulic pumps located above the ground.

At the end of the plasma blasting apparatus 500, a first cylinder 510 capable of forward and backward operation is installed by being connected to a hydraulic pump located on the ground and operated by hydraulic pressure.

In addition, second, third and fourth cylinders 520, 530, and 540, which are installed in concentric circles and protrude hydraulically in order, are installed at ends of the first cylinder 510, and the second cylinder 520. The drill 522 for moving forward and backward is installed, and the third cylinder 530 is provided with a pipe 532 for moving forward and backward and injecting oxide, and the fourth cylinder 540 is forward and backward. The impact cell 542 is moved to generate a plasma.

And the outer periphery except the end of the impact cell 542 is provided with a spring 544 for protecting the wire.

On the other hand, the front of the hollow shaft 110 of the front cylinder 100, the door 460 that is opened and closed by the third hydraulic cylinder 461 is preferably installed. To this end, the door 460 is hinged to one side of the front surface of the hollow shaft 110 and can be opened and closed. The third hydraulic cylinder 461 is similar to the first and second hydraulic cylinders 430 and 442 from the hydraulic pump located on the ground. Receives hydraulic pressure, one end of the cylinder is hinged to the inside of the hollow shaft 110, the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 461 is hinged to the door 460 by the operation of the third hydraulic cylinder (461). The door 460 is opened and closed. Therefore, the guide rail 410, the manipulator 420, the first hydraulic cylinder 430, the arm 440, the camera due to the soil and rock flowing through the opening 320 of the cutter head 300 during drilling 450, etc. are prevented from being damaged.

Excavation work and operation of the tunnel excavator equipped with a plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention having such a structure is made as follows.

First, the vertical work tool is excavated at a predetermined position on the ground, and the tunnel excavator described above is introduced into the vertical work tool.

Aligning the cutter head 300 in the excavation direction, one propulsion pipe (not shown) to the rear of the rear barrel 200, and a hydraulic jack (not shown) for applying a pressing force in the excavation direction by using the reaction force in the tunnel excavator Install it.

The tunnel excavator is pushed together with the propulsion pipe in the drilling direction by the hydraulic jack, and when the front of the cutter head 300 is in close contact with the ground, the crusher 140 and the cutter head by the driving force of the cutter motor 210 and the reducer 220. Rotate (300).

The bit 310 rotates with the cutter head 300 to crush the soil and rock, and the crushed soil and rock are pushed into the crusher 140 through the opening 320 to be broken more finely and discharged to the ground through the pipe. do.

When the tunnel excavator encounters obstacles such as rock, stone, rebar or pile during the drilling operation, the third hydraulic cylinder 461 is operated to open the door 460, and then the first hydraulic cylinder 430 is operated. Advancing the plater 420 along the guide rail 410 and moving the camera 450 by suitably operating the arm 440 as the second hydraulic cylinder 442 to open the opening 320 of the cutter head 300. Locate the obstacles through.

As shown in FIG. 5, when the position of the obstacle is determined by the camera 450, the blasting is performed by the plasma blasting apparatus 500 installed at the end of the arm 440.

Referring to the operation of the plasma blasting apparatus 500 in more detail in accordance with FIG. 4B, the first cylinder 510 moves forward horizontally when it is stuck to an obstacle such as a rock, and the second cylinder 520 to drill a hole drilled in the obstacle. ) And the drill 522 is moved to protrude the obstacle. When the drilling operation is completed, the drill 522 and the second cylinder 520 retreat, and at the same time, the third cylinder 530 and the pipe 532 move forward and inject the oxide in the perforated positions. Similarly, the third cylinder 530 and the pipe 532 that have been injected with oxide retreat, and the fourth cylinder 540 and the impact cell 542 are moved and inserted into the perforated place.

The shock cell 542 mounted to the perforated obstacle is applied with power to generate plasma, and expands and blasts or cuts a rock or other obstacle.

At this time, the spring 544 wound around the impact cell 542 protects the electric wire embedded in the blasting of the obstacle.

When the obstacle is blasted or cut, the fourth cylinder 540 and the impact cell 542 are also retracted and built into the first cylinder 510. After the obstacle is removed, the first cylinder 510 is also returned.

Then, the second hydraulic cylinder 442 is operated to fold the arm 440 to operate the first hydraulic cylinder 430 to move the manipulator 420 to the rear side, and then operate the third hydraulic cylinder 461. Close the door 460.

The operation of the tunnel excavator for this series of excavation work is carried out in the cockpit located on the ground, if the tunnel excavator is propelled by the length of the propulsion pipe retracts the hydraulic jack and inserts another propulsion pipe is repeated.

Therefore, when a tunnel excavator encounters an obstacle such as a rock, a stone, a rebar, or a pile when drilling, the camera is moved to determine the location of the obstacle, and then the plasma blasting apparatus 500 is used to accurately blast or cut the obstacle.

In the above description, it should be understood that those skilled in the present invention can only make modifications and changes to the present invention without changing the gist of the present invention as merely illustrative of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

As described above, the tunnel excavator equipped with a plasma blasting apparatus according to the present invention, when the tunnel excavator encounters obstacles such as rock, stone, rebar or pile when the tunnel excavator is moved after the camera to determine the location of the obstacle after plasma blasting device Minimize the wear of the cutter head by moving and precisely blasting or cutting the obstacles, and protect the equipment to extend the life of tunnel excavators, enable long-distance propulsion, and increase the stability of the curtain to secure a safe working environment. Has the effect of doing

Claims (4)

A cutter head having an opening formed at the front thereof is installed, and a hollow cylindrical front body having a hollow shaft for rotatably coupling the cutter head at the center thereof, and a plurality of rear portions of the front cylinder. In a tunnel excavator, which is coupled to a steering jack and comprises a tail motor having a cutter motor and a reducer for driving the cutter head therein, A guide rail installed in the longitudinal direction inside the hollow shaft of the front cylinder; A manipulator installed to be movable in the longitudinal direction along the guide rail; A first hydraulic cylinder installed at a rear side of the manipulator to move the manipulator in a longitudinal direction; An arm coupled to the front end of the manipulator, having a link structure which rotates in a direction perpendicular to the hollow shaft and whose position is adjustable; A camera installed on an upper end of the arm so that the curtain can be observed through the opening of the cutter head; And a plasma blasting device installed at the end of the arm. The method of claim 1; The plasma blasting apparatus is provided with a first cylinder capable of moving forward and backward at an end of the arm, and is provided with second, third and fourth cylinders mounted on the end concentric circles of the first cylinder and protrudingly moving. Each of the second, third and fourth cylinders is a tunnel excavator equipped with a plasma blasting device, characterized in that the drill, pipe, the impact cell is moved forward and backward in accordance with the working order. The method of claim 2; And the first, second, third and fourth cylinders are hydraulically operated. The method of claim 2; The impact cell is a tunnel excavator with a plasma blasting device, characterized in that the wire protection spring is installed on the outer periphery except the end.