KR20030039692A - Auxiliary generator using suspension in vehicle - Google Patents
Auxiliary generator using suspension in vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20030039692A KR20030039692A KR1020010070710A KR20010070710A KR20030039692A KR 20030039692 A KR20030039692 A KR 20030039692A KR 1020010070710 A KR1020010070710 A KR 1020010070710A KR 20010070710 A KR20010070710 A KR 20010070710A KR 20030039692 A KR20030039692 A KR 20030039692A
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- auxiliary
- vehicle
- generator
- power
- battery
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
- B60G13/14—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers accumulating utilisable energy, e.g. compressing air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/019—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof
- B60G17/01941—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the type of sensor or the arrangement thereof characterised by the use of piezoelectric elements, e.g. sensors or actuators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2401/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of sensors based on the principle of their operation
- B60G2401/10—Piezoelectric elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/0307—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for using generators driven by a machine different from the vehicle motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 차량 현가장치를 이용한 보조 발전기에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 차량의 범프와 리바운드시 상하로 진동되는 쇽업소버의 이동을 이용해 전기를 발생시킬 수 있도록 된 차량 현가장치를 이용한 보조 발전기에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an auxiliary generator using a vehicle suspension device, and more particularly, to an auxiliary generator using a vehicle suspension device capable of generating electricity by moving a shock absorber that vibrates up and down when the vehicle bumps and rebounds. will be.
일반적으로 현가장치는 자동차의 장착부위에 따라 앞 현가장치와 뒤 현가장치로 구분되어지고, 또 좌우의 바퀴가 1개의차축으로 연결된 일체 차축식 앞차축을 스프링으로 차체와 연결시킨 차축현가식과, 좌우 양바퀴에 독립적으로 작동할 수 있도록 차체에 설치되면서 스프링 하중량이 가볍고 승차감이 좋으면 접지성이나 조정성 등이 뛰어난 독립현가식으로 나누어진다.In general, suspension is divided into front suspension and rear suspension according to the mounting part of the vehicle, and the axle suspension type in which the axle-type front axle connected with the left and right wheels by one axle is connected to the vehicle body by a spring, and both left and right sides. As it is installed on the car body to operate independently of the wheels, and the spring load is light and the ride comfort is good, it is divided into the independent suspension type with excellent grounding and adjustability.
여기서, 상기 앞 현가장치는 프레임과 차축사이를 연결하여 차량의 중량을 지지하면서 바퀴의 진동을 흡수하는 장치로서, 앞차축의 형식에 따라 차축현가식과 독립현가식으로 구분되어지는 데, 승차감이나 조종성을 중요시하는 승용차에는 독립현가식이 많이 사용되는 반면에 버스나 트럭 등에는 차축현가식이 많이 사용되고 있다.Here, the front suspension is connected to the frame and the axle to support the weight of the vehicle while absorbing the vibration of the wheel, according to the type of the front axle is divided into axle suspension expression and independent suspension expression, ride comfort or maneuverability Independent cars are frequently used for passenger cars, while axles are widely used for buses and trucks.
그리고 상기 독립현가식은 V형으로 된 상하 2개의 서스펜션 아암이 축에 의해 프레임에 설치됨과 더불어 각 서스펜션 아암의 끝은 보올 조인트에 의해 너클에 장착된 위시본형과, 리이프 스프링을 가로로 설치하여 위 또는 아래 서스펜션 아암의 작용을 스프링이 겸하도록 된 가로놓은 스프링형, 차의 뒤쪽으로 향한 1개 또는 2개의 아암에 의해 바퀴를 지지하는트레일링 링크형, 상기 위시본형에 비하여 구조가 간단하고 구성부품이 적을 뿐만 아니라 로드 홀딩 및 승차감이 좋은 맥퍼어슨형이 있다.In addition, the independent suspension is installed on the frame by the two upper and lower suspension arms of the V-shape, and the ends of each suspension arm is mounted on the knuckle by the ball joint, and the relief spring is installed horizontally Or a horizontal spring type with the spring acting as the lower suspension arm, a trailing link type that supports the wheels by one or two arms facing the rear of the car, simpler in structure than the wishbone type Not only this, there is also the McPherson type with good road holding and riding comfort.
이와 같이 현가장치는 크게 스프링과 쇽업소버(Shock Absober) 및 스테빌라이져 등으로 구성되면서 대체로 스프링상수와 댐핑력 그리고 차고조종의 3가지 기능을 주로 하면서 차량의 승차감과 안정성을 개선하는 역할을 하게 되는데, 이중 쇽업소버는 그 내부에 충진된 오일을 내부에서 상·하로 순환시키면서 충격과 진동을 감쇄시키도록 순환통로를 형성하는 피스톤 어셈블리를 구비하게 된다.As such, the suspension system is mainly composed of spring, shock absorber, stabilizer, etc., and mainly plays three functions of spring constant, damping force, and garage steering while improving the ride comfort and stability of the vehicle. The shock absorber is provided with a piston assembly that forms a circulation passage to attenuate shock and vibration while circulating the oil filled therein up and down inside.
이에 따라, 차량의 선회나 주행에 따라 차륜에 범프(Bump)와 리바운드(Rebound)또는 선회력이 가해지면 너클부위를 통해 쇽업서버가 상·하로 진동하면서 범프와 리바운드에 따른 충격을 흡수·완충함과 더불어 차량의 선회 시 안정성을 유지하게 된다.Accordingly, when bumps and rebounds or turning forces are applied to the wheels according to the turning or driving of the vehicle, the shock-up server vibrates up and down through the knuckles, absorbing and buffering the impacts of bumps and rebounds. In addition, stability is maintained when the vehicle turns.
그러나, 이와 같이 차량의 자세 변화나 전달되는 외력에 의해 끊임없이 댐핑 작용을 하도록 상·하로 진동하는 쇽업소버는 가해지는 외력을 전적으로 유체의 마찰에 의한 마찰력으로 변환해 소실시키게 되므로 에너지 낭비를 줄이는 측면에서 즉, 에너지의 효율적인 사용 측면에서 이와 같은 쇽업소버의 상·하 진동에너지를 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 장치의 개발이 요구되고 있는 실정이다.However, the shock absorber that vibrates up and down to constantly dampen by the change of attitude of the vehicle or the transmitted external force is converted into a frictional force by the friction of the fluid and is lost. That is, in view of the efficient use of energy, there is a demand for the development of a device capable of efficiently utilizing the vibration energy of the shock absorber.
이에 본 발명은 상기와 같은 점을 감안하여 발명된 것으로, 쇽업소버의 상·하 진동 에너지를 전기에너지로 변환시켜 전기 장치의 전원으로 사용하면서 차량의 배터리를 충전할 수 있는 보조 전원을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides an auxiliary power source for charging a vehicle battery while converting the vibration energy of the shock absorber into electrical energy and using it as a power source of the electric device. There is a purpose.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은, 내부에 충진된 오일을 순환시켜 충격과 진동을 감쇄하는 쇽업소버의 상·하부스트럿사이에 고정단을 매개로 수직하게 장착되어 피에조효과를 발생하는 전원발생기와, 이 전원발생기에 연결되어 전원이 충전되는 보조배터리 및 얼티네이터와 상기 보조배터리에 연결되어 전원이 충전되는 메인배터리로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention for achieving the above object, the power supply for generating a piezo effect by vertically mounted between the upper and lower struts of the shock absorber to circulate the oil filled therein to attenuate shock and vibration The generator is connected to the power generator, characterized in that the auxiliary battery and the alternator and the main battery is connected to the auxiliary battery and the power is charged.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 차량 현가장치를 이용한 보조 발전기의 구성도1 is a block diagram of an auxiliary generator using a vehicle suspension according to the present invention
<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
1 : 전원발생기1a,1b : 고정단1: Power generator 1a, 1b: Fixed stage
2 : 보조배터리3 : 메인배터리2: auxiliary battery 3: main battery
S : 쇽업소버Su : 상부스트럿S: Shock absorber Su: Upper strut
Sb : 하부스트럿Sb: Lower strut
이하 본 발명의 실시예를 첨부된 예시도면을 참조로 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 차량 현가장치를 이용한 보조 발전기의 구성도를 도시한 것인바, 본 발명은 내부에 충진된 오일을 내부에서 상·하로 순환시키면서 충격과 진동을 감쇄시키도록 순환통로를 형성하는 피스톤 어셈블리를 구비한 쇽업소버(S)의 상·하부스트럿(Su,Sb)사이에 고정단(1a,1b)을 매개로 수직하게 장착된 전원발생기(1)와, 이 전원발생기(1)에 연결되어 전원이 충전되는 보조배터리(2) 및 얼티네이터와 상기 보조배터리(2)에 연결되어 전원이 충전되는 메인배터리(3)로 이루어진다.Figure 1 shows the configuration of the auxiliary generator using a vehicle suspension according to the present invention, the present invention forms a circulation passage to reduce the shock and vibration while circulating the oil filled therein up and down inside A power generator (1) vertically mounted between the upper and lower struts (Su, Sb) of the shock absorber (S) equipped with a piston assembly via fixed stages (1a, 1b), and the power generator (1) It is made of a secondary battery (2) connected to the power supply and the alternator and the secondary battery (2) connected to the main battery (3) is charged with power.
여기서, 상기 전원발생기(1)는 상·하로 가해지는 진동에 의해 인장·압축되면서 전하를 방출하는 피에조효과(Piezo effect)를 발생하는 피에조일렉트릭 매터리얼(Piezoelctric Material)로 이루어진다.Here, the power generator 1 is made of a piezoelectric material (Piezoelctric Material) that generates a piezo effect of releasing charge while being tensioned and compressed by vibration applied up and down.
이하 본 발명의 작동을 첨부된 도면을 참조로 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, the operation of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
본 발명은 차량의 주행에 따라 차륜에 범프와 리바운드가 발생되어 쇽업소버(S)가 차륜과 함께 상·하로 진동하게 되면, 쇽업소버(S)의 실린더내부에 구비된 피스톤 어셈블리가 상·하로 진동하면서 상·하부스트럿(Su,Sb)사이에 고정단(1a,1b)을 매개로 수직하게 장착된 전원발생기(1)가 압축·인장되어진다.According to the present invention, when bumps and rebounds are generated on the wheels as the vehicle travels, and the shock absorber S vibrates up and down together with the wheels, the piston assembly provided in the cylinder of the shock absorber S vibrates up and down. The power generator 1 mounted vertically between the upper and lower struts Su and Sb via the fixed ends 1a and 1b is compressed and tensioned.
이와 같이, 상기 전원발생기(1)가 범프와 리바운드에 따라 압축·인장되면, 이 전원발생기(1)를 이루는 피에조일렉트릭 매터리얼이 전하를 방출하는 피에조효과를 발생하게 되고 이에 따라, 상기 전원발생기(1)에서 발생된 전기가 보조배터리(2)로 충전되게 된다.As described above, when the power generator 1 is compressed and stretched according to bumps and rebounds, the piezoelectric material constituting the power generator 1 generates a piezoelectric effect of releasing electric charges. The electricity generated in 1) is charged to the secondary battery (2).
이어, 상기 보조배터리(2)로 충전된 전기는 다시 메인배터리(3)로 충전되어 엔진의 작동에 따라 얼티네이터를 통해 충전되는 메인배터리(3)의 전력 소모가 급증 즉, 주행 중 각종 전기장치들을 작동함에 따라 전력 소모가 급증되는 메인배터리(3)를 얼티네이터와 보조배터리(2)를 통해 이중으로 충전시키게 되므로 결국, 차량의 주행에 따른 범프와 리바운드에 의한 쇽업소버(D)의 댐핑력을 전기에너지로 변환해 에너지의 효율을 상승시킬 수 있게 된다.Subsequently, the electricity charged by the auxiliary battery 2 is charged to the main battery 3 again, and the power consumption of the main battery 3 charged through the alternator increases according to the operation of the engine. The main battery (3), which is rapidly increasing the power consumption as the operation of the vehicle is charged through the alternator and the auxiliary battery (2), so that the damping force of the shock absorber (D) due to bumps and rebounds due to the driving of the vehicle. It is possible to increase the efficiency of energy by converting into electrical energy.
한편, 상기 보조배터리(2)는 차량의 전기장치와 메인배터리(3)사이에 전기회로를 형성해 즉, 상기 보조배터리(2)의 전원이 충분할 때 메인배터리(3)와 전기장치사이의 전기회로를 차단하고 보조배터리(2)와 전기장치간에 전기회로를 이용해 작동될 수 있도록 구성될 수 도 있음은 물론이다.On the other hand, the auxiliary battery 2 forms an electric circuit between the electric device of the vehicle and the main battery 3, that is, the electric circuit between the main battery 3 and the electric device when the power supply of the auxiliary battery 2 is sufficient. Of course, it can also be configured to operate by using an electric circuit between the secondary battery (2) and the electrical device.
이상 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에 의하면, 쇽업소버의 상·하 진동에 의해 인장·압축되면서 전하를 방출하는 피에조효과를 발생하는 전원발생기(1)를 통해 전원이 충전되는 보조배터리를 구비하여 차량의 범프와 리바운드에 따른 쇽업소버의 상·하 진동 에너지를 전기에너지로 변환시켜 전기 장치의 전원으로 사용하면서 차량의 배터리를 충전할 수 있는 보조 전원을 제공할 수 있는 효과가 있게 된다.As described above, according to the present invention, a bump of a vehicle is provided with an auxiliary battery in which power is charged through a power generator 1 which generates a piezo effect of releasing charge while being stretched and compressed by vibration of the shock absorber. And by converting the up and down vibration energy of the shock absorber according to the rebound to electrical energy to use as a power source of the electrical device can provide an auxiliary power source for charging the battery of the vehicle.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020010070710A KR20030039692A (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2001-11-14 | Auxiliary generator using suspension in vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020010070710A KR20030039692A (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2001-11-14 | Auxiliary generator using suspension in vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20030039692A true KR20030039692A (en) | 2003-05-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020010070710A KR20030039692A (en) | 2001-11-14 | 2001-11-14 | Auxiliary generator using suspension in vehicle |
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| Country | Link |
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| KR (1) | KR20030039692A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1292930C (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2007-01-03 | 西安交通大学 | Automobile vibrational energy piezo-electric generating method and system |
| US20100270810A1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Raanan Liebermann | Alternative energy generation systems for vehicles |
| CN102673337A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江工商大学 | Device for generating power by recovering vibration and bump mechanical energy |
| CN105667239A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-15 | 曹玥 | Rigidity-variable trailing arm independent suspension |
| CN106838116A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 江苏大学 | A kind of recyclable engine rubber suspension device of vibrational energy |
| US10050566B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2018-08-14 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonam institute of Digital Technology | Generator for automobile using flexible piezoelectric device |
| FR3134781A1 (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-10-27 | Psa Automobiles Sa | LAND VEHICLE WITH FILTERED AND NON- DISRUPTIVE BATTERY CARRIER |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0419435A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-23 | Kayaba Ind Co Ltd | Energy recovery device for hydraulic shock absorber |
| KR950032728U (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-14 | Charging device using suspension of car | |
| KR19980028334U (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-08-05 | 박병재 | Battery Charger Using Piezoelectric Element |
| KR19980084439A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-12-05 | 김종인 | Power generation method and generator using vehicle wheel vibration |
-
2001
- 2001-11-14 KR KR1020010070710A patent/KR20030039692A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0419435A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-23 | Kayaba Ind Co Ltd | Energy recovery device for hydraulic shock absorber |
| KR950032728U (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-14 | Charging device using suspension of car | |
| KR19980028334U (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-08-05 | 박병재 | Battery Charger Using Piezoelectric Element |
| KR19980084439A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-12-05 | 김종인 | Power generation method and generator using vehicle wheel vibration |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1292930C (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2007-01-03 | 西安交通大学 | Automobile vibrational energy piezo-electric generating method and system |
| US20100270810A1 (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2010-10-28 | Raanan Liebermann | Alternative energy generation systems for vehicles |
| CN102673337A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2012-09-19 | 浙江工商大学 | Device for generating power by recovering vibration and bump mechanical energy |
| US10050566B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2018-08-14 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonam institute of Digital Technology | Generator for automobile using flexible piezoelectric device |
| CN105667239A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-15 | 曹玥 | Rigidity-variable trailing arm independent suspension |
| CN106838116A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 江苏大学 | A kind of recyclable engine rubber suspension device of vibrational energy |
| FR3134781A1 (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-10-27 | Psa Automobiles Sa | LAND VEHICLE WITH FILTERED AND NON- DISRUPTIVE BATTERY CARRIER |
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