KR20020076007A - Manufacturing Method of Fe-NbC Magnetic Abrasive - Google Patents

Manufacturing Method of Fe-NbC Magnetic Abrasive Download PDF

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KR20020076007A
KR20020076007A KR1020010015923A KR20010015923A KR20020076007A KR 20020076007 A KR20020076007 A KR 20020076007A KR 1020010015923 A KR1020010015923 A KR 1020010015923A KR 20010015923 A KR20010015923 A KR 20010015923A KR 20020076007 A KR20020076007 A KR 20020076007A
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powder
nbc
abrasive
magnetic abrasive
magnetic
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KR1020010015923A
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Korean (ko)
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KR100415787B1 (en
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안인섭
이영란
이용철
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대한민국(관리청:특허청장, 승계청:경상대학교총장)
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C09K3/1436Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C09K3/1409Abrasive particles per se
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C23C14/325Electric arc evaporation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09GPOLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
    • C09G1/00Polishing compositions
    • C09G1/02Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is a method capable of producing a lot of magnetic abrasive of iron-niobium carbide in a short time, which can further increase life and the abrasion of the magnetic abrasive. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises the steps of: (i) mixing iron-based powder and abrasive of NbC; (ii) shaping the mixed powder using press; (iii) dissolving the shaped powder using dissolution process; (iv) cooling the powder under argon atmosphere in chamber; (v) crushing and grinding the cooled powder using simple crusher; (vi) classifying the powder obtained in the step(v) with sieve. In the step(iii), plasma or electric arc is used as heat source. The Fe-NbC mixed powder consists of 30-50 vol% of iron powder and 50-70 vol% of NbC.

Description

철-탄화니오브 자성연마제의 제조방법{Manufacturing Method of Fe-NbC Magnetic Abrasive}Manufacturing Method of Fe-NbC Magnetic Abrasive

본 발명은 Fe-NbC자성 연마재를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing a Fe-NbC magnetic abrasive.

더욱 상세히는, 본 발명은 최종 연마 공정에 사용되는 연마 매체로서, 자성을 갖는 철 분말과 연마 특성을 가지는 NbC를 이용한 연마재를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing an abrasive using iron powder having magnetic properties and NbC having polishing characteristics as an abrasive medium used in the final polishing process.

세계 각국의 경제 성장 기반은 내구소비재의 대량 생산체제의 확립에 있다고 해도 과언이 아니며, 이 양산 기술을 지원하는 핵심 기술은 금형 기술을 위시한 기계부품 가공기술이다. 각종 기계 부품이나 금형의 제작 공정에서 1차 형상가공은 각종 CNC 공작기계와 CAM 시스템 등을 사용함으로써 매우 복잡한 3차원 자유 곡면의 형상까지 자동화가 가능하게 되었다. 그러나 이들 제품 제작의 최종 다듬질 공정인 연마 가공은 전체 공정의 30 ~ 50 %를 점유하고 있음에도 아직 기계화나 자동화가 되지 못하고 재래식 방법인 숙련공의 수작업에 의존하고 있다. 특히, 자동화연마 가공기나 연마용 로봇은 매우 고가이므로 영세한 금형 제조업체가 사용하기에는 큰 부담이 되고 있는 실정이다.It is no exaggeration to say that the basis of economic growth of each country is to establish a mass production system of durable consumer goods, and the key technology supporting this mass production technology is the machining of mechanical parts including mold technology. In the manufacturing process of various mechanical parts and molds, the primary shape machining can be automated by the use of various CNC machine tools and CAM systems, to form highly complex three-dimensional free-form surfaces. However, although the final finishing process of manufacturing these products occupies 30 to 50% of the entire process, it is not yet mechanized or automated, and relies on the manual work of skilled workers, which is a conventional method. In particular, an automated polishing machine or a polishing robot is very expensive, which is a great burden for a small mold manufacturer.

이러한 점을 개선하기 위하여, 금형가공이나 정밀가공에 있어서 최종가공 단계에 이용하기 위한 장치로서 최종 연마기기가 개발되고 있다. 그러나, 최종단계의 연마기기에서 연마 매체로 사용되는 자성지립 분말은 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 수명과 효율이 낮을 뿐만 아니라 고가이므로 최종 연마기기의 파급효과는 매우 낮은 실정이다.In order to improve this point, a final polishing machine has been developed as an apparatus for use in the final processing step in mold processing or precision processing. However, the magnetic abrasive powder used as the polishing medium in the final polishing machine is dependent on imports, and the ripple effect of the final polishing machine is very low since the lifetime and efficiency are low as well as expensive.

기존의 수입 자성지립은 소결법이나 플라즈마 용접법 등을 이용하여 제조되고 있으며, 일반적으로는 철 분말과 연마분말을 혼합한 다음, 플라즈마 용접기를 이용하여 용접 비드를 만든 후, 비드를 파쇄하는 방법에 의해 자성 연마제를 제조하고 있다. 그러므로, 제조공정에 비하여 제조되는 연마제의 양이 매우 적고 비효율적이며 소량생산에 한정되었다.Existing imported abrasive grains are manufactured by sintering method or plasma welding method. In general, magnetic powder is mixed with iron powder and polishing powder, then weld beads are made by using plasma welding machine, and then the beads are crushed. Abrasives are manufactured. Therefore, the amount of the abrasive produced compared to the manufacturing process is very small, inefficient, and limited to small quantity production.

본 발명은 종래의 방법에 기술적 방법을 추가함으로써 상기의 결점을 해결하고자 하는 것이다. 종래의 방법은 분말을 혼합한 다음, 플라즈마 용접기를 사용하여 발산되는 플라즈마 열원을 이용하여 비드를 제조하고 파쇄하여 자성지립을 제조하는 것이다. 그러나, 비드를 제조할 경우, 기지와 연마재의 비중 차이에 의해 편석이 발생하여 기지와 연마재 간에 균일한 분포를 이루기가 힘들고 자성지립의 효율이 낮아지는 문제가 있다.The present invention seeks to solve the above drawback by adding a technical method to the conventional method. The conventional method is to mix the powder, and then to prepare and crush the beads using a plasma heat source emitted by using a plasma welding machine to produce magnetic abrasive grains. However, when the beads are manufactured, segregation occurs due to the difference in specific gravity of the matrix and the abrasive, which makes it difficult to form a uniform distribution between the matrix and the abrasive and lowers the efficiency of magnetic abrasive grains.

또한, 자성 연마재의 철분말과 연마재의 비율에서도 자성연마 특성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 그러므로, 본 발명에서는 혼합물 조성에 의한 자성연마재의 결합력과 연마특성을 개선하였다.In addition, the ratio of the iron powder and the abrasive of the magnetic abrasive has a great influence on the magnetic polishing characteristics. Therefore, in the present invention, the binding force and polishing characteristics of the magnetic abrasive material by the mixture composition are improved.

또한, 본 발명은 종래 방법에 분체를 제조하는 성형공정을 추가함으로써 상기의 문제점이 해결된 자성연마재를 제조하는 방법을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides a method for producing a magnetic abrasive material in which the above problems are solved by adding a molding process for preparing powder to the conventional method.

또한, 본 발명은 산화방지를 위하여 불활성가스인 아르곤 분위기 하에서 플라즈마 또는 전기아크 열원을 이용하여 철 기지만을 용해하여 용융체를 쉽게 제조하는 방법을 제공한다.In addition, the present invention provides a method for easily producing a melt by dissolving only the iron base using a plasma or an electric arc heat source under an argon atmosphere of inert gas to prevent oxidation.

또한, 종래의 방법으로 제조된 비드에는 내부에 기공이 존재하지 않으므로 파쇄시에도 일정한 크기 이하는 제조하기 어려웠다. 따라서, 본 발명은 성형체를 제조할 때, 일정한 크기의 기공도를 가지도록 함으로써 파쇄시에 최종 연마 가공공정에 필요한 자성지립의 크기를 쉽게 얻을 수 있고 생산성이 크게 향상되도록 하였다.In addition, since the beads produced by the conventional method do not have pores therein, it is difficult to produce a predetermined size or less even during crushing. Therefore, the present invention has a porosity of a certain size when producing a molded body, it is possible to easily obtain the size of the magnetic abrasive grains required for the final polishing process during crushing and to greatly improve productivity.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 플라즈마를 이용한 자성지립의 제조공정을 나타낸 도면이다.1 is a view illustrating a manufacturing process of magnetic abrasive grains using plasma according to the present invention.

도 2는 압분체를 일정한 압력으로 제조하는 것을 나타내는 도면이다.Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the production of green compacts at a constant pressure.

도 3은 본 발명에 사용된 플라즈마 용해공정의 모식도이다.Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the plasma melting process used in the present invention.

도 4는 본 발명에 따른 용해공정 후의 Fe-NbC 분체를 나타낸 사진이다.Figure 4 is a photograph showing the Fe-NbC powder after the dissolution step according to the present invention.

도 5는 본 발명에 따른 분쇄된 Fe-NbC 자성지립을 나타낸 사진이다.5 is a photograph showing the crushed Fe-NbC magnetic abrasive grains according to the present invention.

도 6은 기존의 플라즈마 제조법에 의해 제조된 Fe-NbC 자성지립의 미세조직 사진이다.6 is a microstructure photograph of Fe-NbC magnetic abrasive grains prepared by a conventional plasma production method.

도 7은 본 발명에 의해 제조된 Fe-NbC 자성지립의 미세조직사진이다.Figure 7 is a microstructure photograph of the Fe-NbC magnetic abrasive grain prepared by the present invention.

도 8a ~ 8c는 본 발명에 따라 제조된 Fe-NbC 자성지립을 사용하여 연마하였을 때 연마시간에 따른 금속 가공물의 표면 조도 변화를 나타내는 도면이다.8a to 8c are views showing surface roughness changes of metal workpieces with polishing time when polished using Fe-NbC magnetic abrasive grains prepared according to the present invention.

본 발명에 따른 자성지립의 제조 방법은 다음과 같은 단계로 이루어진다.The method for producing magnetic abrasive grains according to the present invention comprises the following steps.

1)철계분말과 NbC의 연마재를 혼합하는 단계,1) mixing the iron powder and NbC abrasive,

2)혼합된 분말을 프레스를 이용하여 성형하는 단계,2) molding the mixed powder using a press,

3)성형된 압분체를 용해공정을 이용하여 용해시키는 단계3) dissolving the molded green compact using a dissolution process

4)챔버 내부의 아르곤 분위기 하에서 압분체를 냉각시키는 단계,4) cooling the green compact under an argon atmosphere inside the chamber,

5)분체를 단순 파쇄기를 이용하여 파쇄하고 분쇄하는 단계, 및5) crushing and pulverizing the powder using a simple crusher, and

6)시브를 이용하여 분급하는 단계.6) Classification using sieve.

본 발명의 방법에서 혼합분말은 프레스를 이용하여 성형압을 가함으로써 일정한 크기 및 강도를 갖도록 성형되며 균일한 분포를 갖게 된다. 또한, 본 발명의 방법은 용해 공정에 플라즈마 열원 또는 전기 아크를 사용하여 철 기지 만을 용해하여 용융체를 쉽게 제조할 수 있다.In the method of the present invention, the mixed powder is molded to have a uniform size and strength by applying a molding pressure using a press and has a uniform distribution. In addition, the method of the present invention can easily prepare a melt by dissolving only the iron matrix using a plasma heat source or an electric arc in the dissolution process.

이하 본 발명을 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

자성을 가진 철계 분말에 연마특성을 가진 NbC의 연마재를 일정시간 동안 균일하게 혼합한다. 본 발명의 제조방법에서, 혼합물로서 Fe 30 ~ 50 부피% 및 연마재 NbC 50 ~ 70 부피%의 혼합물을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다. 자성연마재 내부에 철 분말의 비율이 50 부피% 이상이 첨가될 경우에는 결합력을 증가시키는 반면, 연마재인 NbC의 비율이 상대적으로 낮아져서 연마특성이 매우 나빠져서 파쇄가 어렵게 되며, 반대로 철분말의 비율이 30 부피% 이하가 될 경우에는 쉽게 파쇄되는 반면에 자성 연마재 내부의 결합력이 떨어져 연마재의 수명이 급격히 떨어지게 된다.NbC abrasive having abrasive properties is mixed uniformly with a magnetic iron powder for a certain time. In the production method of the present invention, it is preferable to use a mixture of 30 to 50% by volume Fe and 50 to 70% by volume of abrasive NbC. If the proportion of iron powder is more than 50% by volume in the magnetic polishing material, the bonding force is increased, whereas the ratio of NbC, which is the abrasive, is relatively low. If the volume% or less is easily crushed, while the binding force in the magnetic abrasive is reduced, the life of the abrasive is drastically reduced.

그 다음 균일한 분말을 일정 크기 및 강도를 갖도록 프레스로 성형시킨다. 일정한 압력으로 압분체를 제조하는 공정을 도 2에 나타내었다.The homogeneous powder is then molded into a press to have a certain size and strength. 2 shows a process of preparing the green compact at a constant pressure.

압분체는 도 3에 나타낸 플라즈마 용해 공정을 이용하여 용해시킨다. 용해 공정 중 압분체의 산화를 방지하기 위해 챔버 내를 불활성가스 또는 질소분위기하에서 유지시킨다. 챔버의 내부에 용해용 다이를 설치하고 그 위에 압분체를 올려놓고 철 분말을 용해시킬 수 있는 고열원을 가진 플라즈마 또는 전기 아크를 사용하여 철 분말을 완전히 용해시킨다. 이때 플라즈마 또는 전기 아크 열원에 의해 다이가 파손되는 것을 막기 위해 다이 내부에는 냉각수를 흘려주며, 용해된 제품은 챔버 내부에서 냉각수가 흐르는 다이 위에서 일장시간 동안 아르곤 분위기 하에서 냉각 시킨 후에 챔버 외부로 방출시킨다.The green compact is dissolved using the plasma melting process shown in FIG. 3. The chamber is kept in an inert gas or nitrogen atmosphere to prevent oxidation of the green compact during the dissolution process. The melting powder is completely dissolved by using a plasma or electric arc having a high heat source capable of dissolving the iron powder and placing a green compact thereon inside the chamber. At this time, the coolant is flowed into the die to prevent the die from being damaged by the plasma or the electric arc heat source, and the dissolved product is cooled in the argon atmosphere for a long time on the die through which the coolant flows and is discharged to the outside of the chamber.

용해된 후 냉각된 융체를 도 4에 나타내었다. 냉각된 융체는 자동연마 공정에 사용하기 위해 자동화 단순 파쇄기를 사용하여 분쇄된다. 본 발명의 성형체는 그 내부에 일정한 크기의 기공도를 가지므로 최종 연마 공정에 필요한 원하는 크기의 자성지립을 쉽게 얻을 수 있다. 분쇄된 자성지립의 형태를 도 5에 나타내었다. 분쇄된 자성지립은 시브를 이용하여 분급한다.The melt melted after cooling is shown in FIG. 4. The cooled melt is ground using an automated simple crusher for use in the autopolishing process. Since the molded article of the present invention has a porosity of a predetermined size therein, it is easy to obtain a magnetic abrasive grain of a desired size required for the final polishing process. The shape of the ground magnetic abrasive grain is shown in FIG. 5. Grinded magnetic abrasive grains are classified using a sieve.

본 발명의 방법에 따라 제조된 최종 지립의 미세조직을 광학 현미경을 이용하여 지립 내부의 철 기지와 연마재의 분포도를 확인하였다. 종래의 방법에 따라 일반적인 플라즈마원을 이용하여 용해하여 비드를 제조한 경우에는 도 6에 나타난것과 같이 NbC가 비드의 각 부분에 불균일하게 분포되어 있었는데 반하여, 본 발명의 방법으로 제조된 경우에는 도 7에 나타낸 바와 같이 철 기지내에 자성지립이 아주 균일하게 분포되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한, 위와 같은 결과는 전기 아크 열원을 이용하였을 경우에도 동일하게 얻을 수 있다.The microstructure of the final abrasive grain prepared according to the method of the present invention was confirmed by using an optical microscope to determine the distribution of the iron base and the abrasive within the abrasive. In the case of preparing beads by dissolving using a conventional plasma source according to the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 6, NbC was unevenly distributed in each part of the beads. As can be seen, the magnetic abrasive grains are very uniformly distributed in the iron base. In addition, the same results as above can be obtained even when using an electric arc heat source.

본 발명에 의해 제조된 자성지립을 사용하여 금속가공물을 정밀 연마가공한 후 그 표면 조도를 검사하였다. 표면은 시간이 증가됨에 따라 경면(鏡面)에 가깝게 연마되었고, 시간에 따른 가공 후의 표면 조도(roughness)의 변화를 도 8a ~ 8c에 나타내었다.The magnetic roughness produced by the present invention was used to precisely polish the metal workpiece and then inspect the surface roughness thereof. The surface was polished closer to the mirror surface with increasing time, and the change in surface roughness after processing with time is shown in Figs. 8A to 8C.

본 발명에 따른 자성지립의 제조방법의 이점은 다음과 같다.Advantages of the method for producing magnetic abrasive grains according to the present invention are as follows.

첫째, 성형 공정을 이용하여 압분체를 먼저 제조한 후에 용융시킴으로써, 철계 분말의 기지내에 NbC 연마재가 균일한게 분포되어 있는 자성지립을 경제적으로 쉽게 만들 수 있다.First, by preparing the green compact using a molding process and then melting, it is possible to economically easily produce magnetic abrasive grains in which the NbC abrasive is uniformly distributed in the matrix of the iron-based powder.

둘째, 철 분말을 용해할 수 있는 열원만 있으면 제품 제조가 가능하므로 필요한 장비를 획기적으로 줄일 수 있다.Second, since only a heat source capable of dissolving iron powder can be manufactured, the required equipment can be drastically reduced.

셋째, 제조된 용융체는 내부에 존재하는 기공으로 인하여 단순한 파쇄에 의해서도 쉽게 파쇄되며 원하는 크기를 쉽게 얻을 수 있다.Third, the prepared melt is easily crushed by simple crushing due to the pores present therein, and the desired size can be easily obtained.

넷째, 본 발명의 방법으로 제조된 자성지립을 이용하여 자성 연마공정을 행하였을 경우, 가공물의 표면 조도는 경면에 가깝게 나타났으며, 효율이 매우 높게 나타났다.Fourth, when the magnetic polishing process was carried out using the magnetic abrasive grains produced by the method of the present invention, the surface roughness of the workpiece appeared close to the mirror surface, the efficiency was very high.

Claims (3)

자성 연마제의 제조 방법에 있어서,In the manufacturing method of the magnetic abrasive, 1)철계분말과 NbC의 연마재를 혼합하는 단계,1) mixing the iron powder and NbC abrasive, 2)혼합된 분말을 프레스를 이용하여 성형하는 단계,2) molding the mixed powder using a press, 3)성형된 압분체를 용해공정을 이용하여 용해시키는 단계3) dissolving the molded green compact using a dissolution process 4)채버 내부의 아르곤 분위기 하에서 압분체를 냉각시키는 단계,4) cooling the green compact under an argon atmosphere inside the chamber; 5)분체를 단순 파쇄기를 이용하여 파쇄하고 분쇄하는 단계, 및5) crushing and pulverizing the powder using a simple crusher, and 6)시브를 이용하여 분급하는 단계로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는 Fe-NbC 자성연마제의 제조방법.6) A method for producing a Fe-NbC magnetic abrasive, characterized in that the step consisting of the classification using a sieve. 제 1항에 있어서, 용해공정 중 열원으로서 플라즈마 또는 전기아크가 사용되는 Fe-NbC 자성연마제의 제조방법.The method for producing a Fe-NbC magnetic abrasive according to claim 1, wherein plasma or electric arc is used as a heat source during the dissolution step. 제 1항에 있어서, Fe-NbC 혼합분말이 철분말 30 ~ 50 부피% 및 NbC 50 ~ 70 부피%로 이루어지는 Fe-NbC 자성분말의 제조방법.The method for producing a Fe-NbC magnetic powder according to claim 1, wherein the Fe-NbC mixed powder is composed of 30 to 50% by volume of iron powder and 50 to 70% by volume of NbC.
KR10-2001-0015923A 2001-03-27 2001-03-27 Manufacturing Method of Fe-NbC Magnetic Abrasive KR100415787B1 (en)

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