KR20020054812A - A compensation method of battery soc for electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle - Google Patents
A compensation method of battery soc for electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- KR20020054812A KR20020054812A KR1020000084012A KR20000084012A KR20020054812A KR 20020054812 A KR20020054812 A KR 20020054812A KR 1020000084012 A KR1020000084012 A KR 1020000084012A KR 20000084012 A KR20000084012 A KR 20000084012A KR 20020054812 A KR20020054812 A KR 20020054812A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 전압 변화가 큰 영역에서만 잔존 용량을 측정하여 보다 정확하게 잔존 용량을 측정하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for measuring battery remaining capacity of an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a method of measuring remaining capacity more accurately by measuring the remaining capacity only in a region where a voltage change is large.
최근 전세계의 석유자원에는 한계가 있음에도 불구하고 석유의 소비가 급증함에 따라 공해 발생이 많은 화석 연료의 사용을 억제하기 위하여 화석 연료를 대체할 대체 에너지가 개발되고 있는 추세이다. 이와 같은 추세에 따라 자동차에 있어서도 가솔린 엔진으로부터 동력을 얻는 자동차 대신에 전기로부터 동력을 얻는 전기 자동차(electric vehicle)가 제안되고 있다.Recently, although there is a limit to petroleum resources around the world, as the consumption of petroleum increases, alternative energy is being developed to replace fossil fuels in order to suppress the use of fossil fuels with high pollution. In accordance with such a trend, an electric vehicle that obtains power from electricity instead of a vehicle that obtains power from a gasoline engine has also been proposed in automobiles.
상기한 전기 자동차는 전지에 저장되어 있는 전기 에너지를 사용하여 구동되기 때문에 운전자가 전지의 충전 및 방전에 의한 잔존 용량을 정확하게 확인하여 운전상황에 반영할 수 있도록 하는 것이 중요하다.Since the electric vehicle is driven using the electric energy stored in the battery, it is important for the driver to accurately check the remaining capacity due to the charging and discharging of the battery and to reflect it in the driving situation.
이하 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정장치 및 그 방법에 대하여 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, an apparatus and method for measuring battery remaining capacity of a conventional electric vehicle will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 1은 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정장치의 구성 회로도이다.1 is a configuration circuit diagram of a battery remaining capacity measuring apparatus of a conventional electric vehicle.
도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정장치의 구성은 전원을 공급하기 위한 전지(11)와 상기 전지(11)의 출력단에 입력단이 각각 연결되어 있는 충전기(12), 제어부(13), 마이크로 컨트롤러(14)와 상기 마이크로 컨트롤러(14)의 출력단에 입력단이 연결되어 있는 표시장치(15)로 이루어진다.As shown in FIG. 1, a configuration of a battery remaining capacity measuring apparatus of a conventional electric vehicle includes a battery 11 for supplying power and a charger 12 having an input terminal connected to an output terminal of the battery 11. 13, a microcontroller 14 and a display device 15 having an input terminal connected to an output terminal of the microcontroller 14;
도 2는 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정방법의 동작 순서도이다.2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of measuring battery remaining capacity of a conventional electric vehicle.
도 2에 도시된 바와 같이 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정방법의 구성은 동작이 시작되는 단계(단계 210)와, 전지의 출력 전류가 없는지를 판단하는 단계(단계 220)와 전지의 출력 전류가 없는 경우에 일정시간 동안 대기한 뒤에 상기한 단계를 반복 수행하는 단계(단계 230)와 전지의 출력 전류가 있는 경우에 전지의 전압 및 전류를 측정하는 단계(단계 240)와 현재의 잔존 용량을 (전류 X 시간 + 이전 잔존 용량)으로 설정하는 단계(단계 250)와 상기 잔존 용량을 표시장치에디스플레이 하는 단계(단계 260)로 이루어진다.As shown in FIG. 2, a configuration of a method for measuring battery remaining capacity of a conventional electric vehicle includes steps of starting operation (step 210), determining whether there is no output current of the battery (step 220), and output current of the battery. If there is no, wait for a predetermined time and repeat the above steps (step 230), and if there is an output current of the battery, measuring the voltage and current of the battery (step 240) and the current remaining capacity (Step 250) and displaying the remaining capacity on the display device (step 260).
상기한 구성에 의한 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정장치 및 그 작용은 다음과 같이 이루어진다.The battery remaining capacity measuring apparatus and its function of the conventional electric vehicle according to the above-described configuration are made as follows.
전지(11)로부터 전원이 인가됨으로써 동작이 시작되면(단계 210), 마이크로 컨트롤러(14)는 전지(11)로부터 출력 전류가 있는지 없는지를 판단한다(단계 220).When the operation is started by applying power from the battery 11 (step 210), the microcontroller 14 determines whether there is an output current from the battery 11 (step 220).
전지(11)의 출력 전류가 없는 경우에 마이크로 컨트롤러(14)는 일정시간동안 대기한 후 상기 단계를 반복 수행한다(단계 230).When there is no output current of the battery 11, the microcontroller 14 waits for a predetermined time and repeats the above steps (step 230).
이와는 달리 전지(11)의 출력 전류가 있는 경우에는 마이크로 컨트롤러(14)는 전지(11)의 전압 및 전류를 측정한 뒤에(단계 240), 현재의 잔존 용량을 계산한다(단계 250). 현재의 잔존 용량은 전류와 시간을 곱한 값에 이전 잔존 용량을 더한 값으로 한다(현재의 잔존 용량 = 전류 X 시간 + 이전 잔존 용량).In contrast, when there is an output current of the battery 11, the microcontroller 14 measures the voltage and current of the battery 11 (step 240), and then calculates the current remaining capacity (step 250). The current remaining capacity is obtained by multiplying current by time plus the previous remaining capacity (current remaining capacity = current X time + previous remaining capacity).
다음에 마이크로 컨트롤러(14)는 상기한 잔존 용량을 표시장치(15)로 출력하여 디스플레이 되도록 함으로써 사용자가 전지(11)의 잔존 용량을 확인할 수 있도록 한다(단계 260).Next, the microcontroller 14 outputs the remaining capacity to the display device 15 for display so that the user can check the remaining capacity of the battery 11 (step 260).
그러나, 상술한 종래의 잔존 용량 보정방법은 주행(방전) 중에만 전지의 잔존 용량 보정이 가능하고, 일정 전류대 및 시간에서만 보정이 가능하여 주행시 보정 조건에 미달하는 경우 보정이 불가능하다는 문제점이 있었다. 또한 전지의 잔존 용량을 전지의 잔존 용량에 관계없이 측정하므로 전지의 특성상 전압의 변화가 적은 잔존 용량 20% 내지 80% 영역에서는 측정 오차가 많이 발생하여 보정할 때 적용할 알고리즘에 문제가 있었다.However, the above-described conventional residual capacity correction method has a problem in that the remaining capacity of the battery can be corrected only during driving (discharging), and can be corrected only at a constant current and time, so that the correction is impossible when the driving conditions are not met. . In addition, since the remaining capacity of the battery is measured irrespective of the remaining capacity of the battery, there is a problem in an algorithm to be applied when correcting because a large number of measurement errors occur in the region of 20% to 80% of the remaining capacity in which the voltage change is small.
본 발명은 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로서, 본 발명의 목적은 전지에 있어서 잔존 용량이 20% 이하인 경우와 80% 이상인 경우에 전압의 변화가 큰 특성을 이용하여 잔존 용량이 20% 이하인 경우와 80% 이상인 경우에만 잔존 용량을 보정하는 방법을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a case where the remaining capacity is 20% or less by using a characteristic of large voltage change when the remaining capacity is 20% or less and 80% or more in a battery. Only when 80% or more is provided a method of correcting the remaining capacity.
도 1은 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정장치의 구성 회로도이다.1 is a configuration circuit diagram of a battery remaining capacity measuring apparatus of a conventional electric vehicle.
도 2는 종래의 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정방법의 동작 순서도이다.2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of measuring battery remaining capacity of a conventional electric vehicle.
도 3은 충전시 전지의 전압 특성 곡선이다.3 is a voltage characteristic curve of a battery during charging.
도 4는 방전시 전지의 전압 특성 곡성이다.4 is a curve of voltage characteristics of a battery during discharge.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 전지 특성을 이용한 잔존 용량 보정방법을 나타내는 흐름도이다.5 is a flowchart illustrating a remaining capacity correction method using battery characteristics according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
이하 본 발명의 실시예들을 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
도 3은 충전시 전지의 전압 특성 곡선이다.3 is a voltage characteristic curve of a battery during charging.
도 3에 도시된 바와 같이 충전할 때에는 전지의 잔존 용량이 약 80% 이상일 때 전압이 급격히 증가한다.As shown in FIG. 3, when charging, the voltage rapidly increases when the remaining capacity of the battery is about 80% or more.
본 발명은 이와 같이 전지의 잔존 용량이 높은 영역에서 전압이 급격히 증가하는 특성을 이용하여 잔존 용량을 보정하는 방법으로 도 3에 나타난 화살표는 잔존 용량이 80%일 때의 전류에 따른 전압을 나타내는 것이다.The present invention is a method for correcting the remaining capacity by using the characteristic that the voltage is rapidly increased in the region of the high remaining capacity of the battery as shown by the arrow shown in Figure 3 represents the voltage according to the current when the remaining capacity is 80%. .
충전할 때 상기 화살표의 전압에 해당하는 전압을 감지할 때 전류를 측정하여 도 3을 이용하여 이미 맵핑된 매트릭스 값에서 적정 전압을 산출한 후 현재 측정한 전압이 맵핑된 값으로 계산된 적정 전압보다 큰 경우에는 잔존 용량을 80%로 다시 보정한다.When charging, the current is measured when sensing the voltage corresponding to the voltage of the arrow to calculate the appropriate voltage from the matrix value already mapped using FIG. 3, and the current measured voltage is higher than the calculated voltage as the mapped value. If large, the remaining capacity is corrected back to 80%.
도 4는 방전시 전지의 전압 특성 곡성이다.4 is a curve of voltage characteristics of a battery during discharge.
도 4에 도시된 바와 같이 방전할 때에는 전지의 잔존 용량이 약 20% 이하일때 전압이 급격히 감소한다.As shown in FIG. 4, when discharging, the voltage decreases rapidly when the remaining capacity of the battery is about 20% or less.
본 발명은 이와 같이 전지의 잔존 용량이 낮은 영역에서 전압이 급격히 감소하는 특성을 이용하여 잔존 용량을 보정하는 방법으로 도 4에 나타난 화살표는 잔존 용량이 20%일 때의 전류에 따른 전압을 나타내는 것이다.The present invention is a method of correcting the remaining capacity by using a characteristic that the voltage is rapidly reduced in the region of low battery capacity, the arrow shown in Figure 4 represents the voltage according to the current when the remaining capacity is 20% .
방전할 때 상기 화살표의 전압에 해당하는 전압을 감지할 때 전류를 측정하여 도 4를 이용하여 이미 맵핑된 매트릭스 값에서 적정 전압을 산출한 후 현재 측정한 전압이 맵핑된 값으로 계산된 적정 전압보다 작은 경우에는 잔존 용량을 20%로 다시 보정한다.When discharging, when detecting a voltage corresponding to the voltage of the arrow, the current is measured to calculate a proper voltage from a matrix value that is already mapped using FIG. 4, and the current measured voltage is higher than the calculated voltage as the mapped value. If it is small, the remaining capacity is corrected back to 20%.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 전지 특성을 이용한 잔존 용량 보정방법을 나타내는 흐름도이다.5 is a flowchart illustrating a remaining capacity correction method using battery characteristics according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
도 5에 도시되어 있듯이 본 발명의 실시예에 따른 전기 자동차의 전지 잔존 용량 측정방법의 구성은 다음과 같다.As shown in FIG. 5, a configuration of a method for measuring battery remaining capacity of an electric vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is as follows.
전원이 인가되면 전압과 전류를 측정한다(단계 510).When power is applied, voltage and current are measured (step 510).
전류를 측정한 후 측정된 전류 값이 0보다 큰가 작은가를 판단한다(단계 520). 측정된 전류 값이 0보다 큰 경우에는 현재 방전이 진행되고 있는 상태를 의미하고, 측정된 전류 값이 0보다 작은 경우에는 현재 충전이 진행되고 있는 상태를 의미한다.After measuring the current, it is determined whether the measured current value is greater than or less than zero (step 520). If the measured current value is greater than zero, it means the current discharge is in progress. If the measured current value is less than zero, it means the current charging is in progress.
측정된 전류 값이 0보다 크다고 판단되는 경우에는 측정된 전류 값의 절대값을 취한다(단계 530).If it is determined that the measured current value is greater than zero, the absolute value of the measured current value is taken (step 530).
측정된 전류값의 절대값이 Iref[a1]보다 큰값을 갖는지를 판단한다(단계531).It is determined whether the absolute value of the measured current value has a value larger than Iref [a1] (step 531).
측정된 전류 값의 절대값이 Iref[a1]보다 큰 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 내삽법(interpolation method)에 의하여 측정된 전류에 해당하는 전압 값을 구한다(단계 532).If it is determined that the absolute value of the measured current value is larger than Iref [a1], a voltage value corresponding to the measured current is obtained by an interpolation method (step 532).
내삽법에 의하여 구한 전압값이 Vref_dch[c1]보다 큰 값을 갖는지를 판단한다(단계 533). 여기서 Vref_dch는 방전할 때 전지의 잔존 용량이 20%인 경우의 설정값이다. Vref_dch=[c1, c2, ..... ci]이다.It is determined whether the voltage value obtained by the interpolation method has a value larger than Vref_dch [c1] (step 533). Here, Vref_dch is a set value when the battery has 20% remaining capacity when discharged. Vref_dch = [c1, c2, ..... ci].
내삽법에 의하여 구한 전압값이 Vref_dch[c1]보다 큰 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 전지의 잔존 용량을 20%로 설정한다(단계 534).If it is determined that the voltage value obtained by the interpolation method has a value larger than Vref_dch [c1], the remaining capacity of the battery is set to 20% (step 534).
내삽법에 의하여 구한 전압값이 Vref_dch[c1]보다 작은 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 다음에 보정할 때까지 대기한다.If it is determined that the voltage value obtained by the interpolation method has a value smaller than Vref_dch [c1], it waits until the next correction.
측정된 전류 값의 절대값이 Iref[a1]보다 작은 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 전압값이 Vref_dch[c1]보다 큰 값을 갖는지를 판단한다(단계 535).If it is determined that the absolute value of the measured current value is smaller than Iref [a1], it is determined whether the voltage value is greater than Vref_dch [c1] (step 535).
전압값이 Vref_dch[c1]보다 큰 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 전지의 잔존 용량을 20%로 설정하고 전지의 잔존 용량 보정 과정을 종료한다.When it is determined that the voltage value has a value larger than Vref_dch [c1], the remaining capacity of the battery is set to 20% and the remaining capacity correction process of the battery is terminated.
전압값이 Vref_dch[c1]보다 작은 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 다음에 보정할 때까지 대기한다.If it is judged that the voltage value has a value smaller than Vref_dch [c1], it waits until the next correction.
측정된 전류 값이 0보다 작다고 판단되는 경우에는 측정된 전류 값이 Iref[a1]보다 큰 값을 갖는지를 판단한다(단계 540).If it is determined that the measured current value is less than zero, it is determined whether the measured current value has a value greater than Iref [a1] (step 540).
측정된 전류 값이 Iref[a1]보다 큰 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 내삽법에 의하여 측정된 전류 값에 해당하는 전압을 구한다(단계 541).If it is determined that the measured current value has a value larger than Iref [a1], a voltage corresponding to the measured current value is obtained by interpolation (step 541).
내삽법에 의하여 구한 전압값이 Vref_chg[b1]보다 큰 값을 갖는지를 판단한다(단계 542). 여기서 Vref_chg는 충전할 때 전지의 잔존 용량이 80%인 경우의 설정값이다. Vref_chg=[b1, b2, ..... bi]이다.It is determined whether the voltage value obtained by the interpolation method has a value larger than Vref_chg [b1] (step 542). Here, Vref_chg is a set value when the battery has 80% remaining capacity when charged. Vref_chg = [b1, b2, ..... bi].
내삽법에 의하여 구한 전압값이 Vref_chg[b1]보다 큰 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 전지의 잔존 용량을 80%로 설정하고 전지의 잔존 용량 보정 과정을 종료한다(단계 545).If the voltage value determined by the interpolation method is determined to have a value larger than Vref_chg [b1], the remaining capacity of the battery is set to 80% and the remaining capacity correction process of the battery is terminated (step 545).
내삽법에 의하여 구한 전압값이 Vref_chg[b1]보다 작은 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 다음에 보정할 때까지 대기한다.If it is determined that the voltage value obtained by the interpolation method has a value smaller than Vref_chg [b1], it waits until the next correction.
측정된 전류 값이 Iref[a1]보다 작은 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 측정된 전압값이 Vref_chg[b1]보다 큰 값을 갖는지를 판단한다(단계 543).If it is determined that the measured current value has a value smaller than Iref [a1], it is determined whether the measured voltage value has a value larger than Vref_chg [b1] (step 543).
측정된 전압값이 Vref_chg[b1]보다 큰 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 전지의 잔존용량을 80%로 설정하고 전지의 잔존용량 보정과정을 종료한다(단계 545).If it is determined that the measured voltage value is larger than Vref_chg [b1], the remaining capacity of the battery is set to 80% and the remaining capacity correction process of the battery is terminated (step 545).
측정된 전압값이 Vref_chg[b1]보다 작은 값을 갖는다고 판단되는 경우에는 다음에 보정할 때까지 대기한다.If it is determined that the measured voltage value has a value smaller than Vref_chg [b1], it waits until the next correction.
상기와 같이 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 전지의 잔존 용량 보정을 전지의 전압 변화가 큰 영역에서 함으로써, 전지의 잔존 용량을 정확하게 보정할 수 있으므로 전지의 수명을 연장할 수 있고, 정확한 잔존 용량 보정으로 충전요구 시점 및 충전시간을 정확히 예측하는 것이 가능하다.As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, by correcting the remaining capacity of the battery in a region in which the voltage change of the battery is large, the remaining capacity of the battery can be corrected accurately, so that the life of the battery can be extended. It is possible to accurately predict the timing of the charging request and the charging time.
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