KR20020035545A - Manufacturing Methods of High Performance Planting Porous Concrete Utilizing Resined Granular Fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A porous concrete using resin-coated granular fertilizer comprising admixtures(blast furnace slag, silica fume, etc.) and polymer coated nitrogen- and phosphate-fertilizer is provided to keep constructional functionality and grow many plants rapidly. Therefore, the porous concrete is used for revetment blocks and underwater concrete construction. CONSTITUTION: The porous concrete with 20-30% of porosity is prepared by mixing admixtures composed of portland cement, industrial byproducts(30-60wt.% of blast furnace slag and 5-20wt.% of silica fume), 20-30wt.% of water, and 1.0-3.0wt.% AE water reducer to increase the fluidity of a cement paste(20), followed by adding 5-20wt.% of resin-coated granular fertilizer, and aggregates(10), crushed stones with 5-10mm and 10-20mm sizes, where the each amount is based on cement. The resin-coated granular fertilizer(40) is obtained by coating nitrogen fertilizer with 0.7-3.0mm size and 45-47% of nitrogen content, and phosphate fertilizer containing 15-17% of citrate-soluble phosphorus with a resin mixed vinyl acetate and polymerized resin emulsion firstly, and acryl resin secondly, so that the fertilizer has 70-75micrometer coating thickness.

Description

Manufacturing Method of High Performance Planting Porous Concrete Utilizing Resined Granular Fertilizer

The present invention is to produce a high-performance vegetation concrete for pore concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer aiming at the development of technology to recover various plants and organisms early in order to prevent environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction of riverside shores and coastal waters. In order to increase the strength of concrete and to suppress alkali elution, admixtures such as blast furnace slag and silica fume, which are industrial by-products, were used.The mixture of nitrogen-based and phosphorus-based fertilizers coated with polymer was used to supply nutrients to planted plants. The present invention relates to a method for producing high functional vegetal concrete for pore concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer which secures early growth and vegetation base and enhances the environmental restoration effect by plant chain.

Recently, the awareness of environmental pollution due to industrialization and urbanization has spread, and the necessity of environmental preservation is emerging. Concrete, which has been used for civil and structural structures such as roads, railways, harbors, waterworks, etc., which are infrastructure, has contributed greatly to economic and cultural development. However, these concretes are only negatively regarded as environmental problems by destroying nature and hindering the habitat of animals and plants. In particular, shore blocks and aquatic concrete structures in rivers and coastal waters are responsible for accelerating the destruction of ecosystems and environmental pollution due to the disconnection of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop technologies and products that maintain the functions and advantages of existing shore blocks or underwater concrete structures and do not damage the ecosystem.

In order to reduce environmental pollution and ecosystem damage in riverside shores and coastal waters, various admixtures, resin-treated nitrogen-based and phosphorus-based fertilizers are mixed in porous pores with continuous pores to supply nutrients to planting plants. And it aims at the development and development of high functional vegetal forage concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer that promotes early growth and enhances the environmental restoration effect by the plant chain.

1 is a flow chart of the production of high-performance vegetation concrete concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the high-performance vegetation concrete concrete using resin-treated granular

3 is a cross-sectional view of the resin-treated granular fertilizer

[Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings]

10: aggregate, 20: cement paste, 30: continuous void, 40: resin-treated granular fertilizer,

50: granular fertilizer, 60: primary coating, 70: secondary coating

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the following materials are used.

As the cement used in the present invention, ordinary portland cement having a specific gravity of 3.14 to 3.16 was used, and the aggregate had a specific gravity of 2.65 to 2.75, a unit volume weight of 1,490 to 1,530 kg / m ³ , a yield of 55 to 58%, and an absorption rate of 42 to 45%. Crushed stone with particle size range of 5-10mm, 10-20mm, blast furnace slag has a specific gravity of 2.8-3.0, specific surface area of 7,900-7,930cm ² / g or more, and SiO ² content of 32-35%. Was used. Silica fume was used having a specific surface area of 200,000 cm ² / g or more, a particle size of 0.1 to 0.5 μm, and a specific gravity of 2.1 to 2.2. Granular fertilizer is nitrogen-based fertilizer with 45-47% nitrogen content, 0.4-0.6% water, 0.9-1.1% Biuret, 15-17% soluble phosphoric acid, 23-26% lime, 15-17% silicic acid fertilizer. 0.7 ~ 3.0mm was used, and the polymer used for the resin treatment of granular fertilizer was a mixed resin of vinyl acetate and polymerized resin emulsion having a viscosity of 40,000 to 60,000 as the primary coating agent and 43 to 47% of the active content. As a coating agent, a special acrylic resin having a solid content of 70% and a viscosity of 50,000 to 100,000 that can control hydrophilicity and hardness was used.

In the formulation used in the present invention, the porosity which has the greatest effect on the quality characteristics of the high functional vegetal concrete was changed to 20 to 30%, and the admixtures such as blast furnace slag and silica fume, which are industrial by-products, were used. 30 to 60% and 5 to 20%, respectively, and a high performance AE reducing agent was mixed at a cement weight ratio of 1 to 3% as a admixture to improve the properties of concrete by dispersing the cement.

In addition, the granular fertilizer was resin-treated and mixed in 5 to 20% by weight of cement in order to facilitate planting in the porous concrete.

The method of mixing was cement, admixture, water, and AE reducing agent, mixed for 1 minute, mixed with granulated fertilizer, and then mixed for 1 minute, and then mixed with aggregate for 2 minutes. Curing was carried out under water at 23 ° C ± 2 ° C until the prescribed age.

In the present invention, the following experiments were carried out to grasp the quality characteristics of the high-performance vegetation forged concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer. In order to determine the dissolution rate according to the difference in the immersion water of the resin-treated granular fertilizer, the granular fertilizer was added to 100 ml of distilled water and seawater at a ratio of 3 g, and the dissolution rate was measured at 60, 120, and 180 days. In order to measure the destruction rate of the granulated fertilizer of resin treatment according to the specimen preparation, the experiment was divided into the method of mixing only with fertilizer and aggregate (A method) and the method of mixing with aggregate and mixing with aggregate (B method) in advance. The time was set to 3 minutes, and a certain amount of samples were taken every minute to measure the breakage rate by weight. In addition, the fertilizer component elution test of the porous concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer was prepared by φ15 × 30cm specimens, soaked in seawater for 30 days and 90 days, and then taken out of the specimens and placed in 7 liters of activated carbon treated tap water. After a period of time, the nitrogen-based ammonia and phosphorus-phosphate concentrations eluted from the specimens were measured up to 1 ml and the pH was also measured. The compressive strength test method was made in accordance with KS F 2408, `` Compressive strength test method for concrete '', with a φ15 × 30cm cylindrical specimen. In addition, to evaluate the vegetation capacity of terrestrial plants of pore concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer, a specimen (40 × 40 × 10 cm) was produced, and the fillers mixed with water-retaining materials and cultured soil were filled in the internal voids, and about 3 cm Seeds were sown by covering soil, and the vegetation capacity was evaluated by observing the growth status according to the age and fertilizer mix after sowing. In order to evaluate adhesion and vegetation ability of aquatic plants and organisms of porous concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer, a specimen (40 × 40 × 10cm) was prepared and immersed in natural sea water, and after 4 months of immersion, it was removed and attached to the specimen. The attachment and growth of algae and organisms was visually observed.

Example of Mixing Porous Concrete for High Performance Vegetation Using Resin Granulated Fertilizer Formulation Number Aggregate Type Water / binder cost ¹⁾ (%) Porosity (%) Blast furnace slag ²⁾ (wt.%) Silica fume ²⁾ (wt.%) Granular fertilizer ³⁾ (wt.%) 101 5-10mm 30 25 - - - 102 30 - 20 103 45 - 104 60 - 105 - 5 106 - 10 107 - 20 108 10-20mm 30 25 - - - 109 30 - 20 110 45 - 111 60 - 112 - 5 113 - 10 114 - 20

(Note 1) Water binder ratio (%): (mixed water) / (cement + admixture) x 100 weight ratio

(Note 2) Admixture mixing rate (%): (mixture) / (cement + admixture) × 100 weight ratio

(3) Granular fertilizer mixing rate: (Granular fertilizer) / (Cement) × 100 weight ratio

The following Table 2 is to determine the dissolution rate of the resin-treated granular fertilizer in the ratio of 3g of granular fertilizer per 100ml of distilled water and seawater, and measured the dissolution rate for 60 days, 120 days, 180 days after immersion.

Test result of dissolution rate of granular fertilizer Immersion Fertilizer Dissolution rate (wt.%) 60 days 120 days 180 days Distilled water nitrogen 32.9 52.7 68.5 sign 22.1 24.9 27.0 Sea water nitrogen 18.2 41.5 68.2 sign 17.8 22.3 24.9

The dissolution rate test results of the resin-treated granular fertilizer showed that the dissolution rate of distilled water was higher in 60 days and 120 days than in the case of sea water, but the difference in dissolution rate was insufficient at 180 days. This tendency is due to the chemical reaction between the various resin components and salts used as coatings for granular fertilizers in the short term because various salts are dissolved in seawater.

Table 3 below is a test result of measuring the destruction rate according to the mixing method and mixing time of the resin-treated granular fertilizer.

Result of Fracture Rate Test by Mixing Method of Granular Resin Fertilizer Mixing method Fertilizer % Breakdown 1 minute 2 minutes 3 minutes A ¹⁾ nitrogen 14.2 18.0 18.4 sign 1.5 4.3 6.8 B ²⁾ nitrogen 0.2 1.5 1.3 sign 0.4 1.7 1.8

(1) Mixing with aggregate and fertilizer only

(Note 2) Mixing fertilizer with cement paste and mixing with aggregate

According to the results of the mixing rate test of the resin-treated granular fertilizer, the destruction rate increased with increasing mixing time. In the method A, the nitrogen-based fertilizer was higher than the phosphorus-based fertilizer. The difference of the failure rate according to the difference was insignificant. Overall, the method B had a lower breakdown rate than the method A, and this tendency seems to be valid for the method B with fluidity.

Table 4 below is a test result of measuring the fertilizer component elution amount of the porous concrete using the resin-treated granular fertilizer immersed in seawater.

Fertilizer Elution Test Result of Porous Concrete Using Resin Granulated Fertilizer Formulation Number Deposition days Dissolution amount Ammonia Concentration (ml) Phosphoric Acid Concentration (ml) 101 0 0.1 0.01 30 0.1 0.01 90 0.2 0.02 102 0 9.8 0.11 30 58.0 0.10 90 71.1 0.11 103 0 10.1 0.10 30 59.6 0.13 90 77.2 0.12 104 0 9.4 0.12 30 60.1 0.14 90 75.3 0.14 105 0 11.3 0.12 30 68.2 0.12 90 79.3 0.13 106 0 12.3 0.14 30 66.7 0.14 90 80.1 0.15 107 0 15.3 0.16 30 71.3 0.16 90 79.2 0.18

When the ferrous concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer was immersed in seawater, the dissolution test result of fertilizer was found to be 0.1 ~ 0.2ml and phosphoric acid dissolution rate was 0.01 ~ 0.02ml without fertilizer. In the case of fertilizer incorporation, the ammonia elution amount was 9.4-80.1mL and the phosphoric acid elution amount was 0.10 ~ 0.18mL, which was considerably larger than in the case of no fertilization. Therefore, when granulated resin-treated fertilizer is added to the porous concrete, it is considered to be effective for supplying nutrients to the planted plant. In addition, the difference in the dissolution amount of the fertilizer components according to the admixture content and type of admixture was found to be insignificant. In addition, it was confirmed that the fertilizer component is gradually eluted as the days of immersion.

Table 5 below is a test result of measuring alkali elution (pH) of porous concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer immersed in seawater.

Alkali elution (pH) test result Formulation Number Alkali elution (pH) 0 days 30 days 90 days 101 10.9 10.6 10.2 102 10.5 10.3 10.1 103 10.3 9.9 9.4 104 9.7 9.0 7.6 105 10.4 9.8 9.1 106 10.2 9.8 8.8 107 9.9 9.4 8.5

As a result of examining the alkali elution amount (pH) of the porous concrete immersed in seawater, the alkali elution amount tended to decrease as the number of deposition days increased. This trend seems to be due to the decrease in alkali elution (pH) as the specimen is neutralized by CO ² dissolved in sea water over time. Also, as the amount of admixture increased, the alkali elution amount (pH) decreased, which is believed to be due to the admixture causing glass lime and pozzolanic reactions and the internal micropores to be dense, thereby inhibiting dissolution of glass lime. Therefore, the use of an appropriate amount of admixture is expected to be effective for the growth of plants and organisms by promoting the neutralization of the porous concrete.

Table 6 below shows the compressive strength test results of the porous concrete using resin granulated fertilizer at 28 days of age.

Compressive Strength Test Results Formulation Number Compressive strength (kgf / cm ² ) Formulation Number Compressive strength (kgf / cm ² ) 101 191 108 140 102 178 109 148 103 186 110 154 104 180 111 150 105 194 112 148 106 225 113 168 107 208 114 162

The results of compressive strength test showed that 178-225 kg / cm ² when 5-10 mm crushed stone was used and 140-168 kgf / cm ² when 10-20 mm crushed stone was used. In addition, the strength characteristics according to the use of admixtures showed the greatest compressive strength at 10% of silica fume regardless of the aggregate size. As the silica fume is mixed, the pozzolanic reaction and the fine pores inside the concrete are filled, and thus the specimen is closed and the strength is improved.

Table 7 below shows the results of measuring the growth status of grass height by age to evaluate the vegetation capacity of terrestrial plants mixed with resin-treated granular fertilizer.

Vegetation capacity measurement results for terrestrial plants Formulation Number Extra long (cm) Formulation Number Extra long (cm) 30 days 90 days of age 30 days 90 days of age 101 8.2 12.0 108 16.2 24.5 102 10.8 15.1 109 18.7 27.2 103 11.2 16.9 110 18.4 26.0 104 10.5 16.6 111 18.0 28.1 105 9.9 14.6 112 17.7 26.5 106 10.5 16.7 113 19.0 28.0 107 10.4 16.2 114 18.2 27.3

The results of the measurement of vegetation capacity showed that when the aggregate particle size was 5 ~ 10mm, the fertilizer was mixed with 3.1 ~ 4.9cm longer than the fertilizer, and the fertilizer was mixed when 10 ~ 20mm. The height of the shoots was 1.5 ~ 3.6cm larger than that of no mixing, and the fermentation of fertilizer was improved regardless of the aggregate size.

The following photographs 1 and 2 are photographs of the porous specimens mixed with the resin-treated granular fertilizer and the porous specimens not mixed with them, after being immersed in seawater for 4 months, and taken out, and attached to the food and organisms in the water.

(Photo 1)

Porous concrete without resinous granular fertilizer

(Photo 2)

Porous concrete with resin-treated granular fertilizer

Photograph 1 is a photograph of the porous specimen not mixed with resinous granular fertilizer, and photograph 2 is a photograph of the porous specimen mixed with resinous granular fertilizer. Observation of this resulted in good fertilization and growth of algae. Therefore, porous concrete mixed with resin-treated granular fertilizer is expected to be effective for the early restoration of environmentally damaged areas due to environmental pollution.

As described above, the present invention is applied to the porous concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer to the underwater structures and shore blocks of river shores and coastal waters to prevent environmental pollution as well as to secure early growth and vegetation base of plants in ecosystem damage areas. There is an environmental restoration effect by the plant chain.

Claims (3)

When manufacturing high performance vegetal concrete for resinous granular fertilizer, ordinary portant cement with specific gravity of 3.14 ~ 3.16, crushed stone with particle size range of 5 ~ 10mm, 10 ~ 20mm, 2.65 ~ 2.75 and industrial by-product as specific gravity of 2.8 ~ 3.0 Blast furnace slag, silica fume with specific gravity 2.1-2.2, high performance AE water reducing agent and resin-treated granular fertilizer are used. The mixing design has water binder ratio of 20-30% and porosity 20-30%. After mixing for 1 minute by adding water and AE water reducing agent, and then adding the granulated fertilizer treated with resin and mixing for 1 minute, the aggregate is added and mixed for 2 minutes to form. The method of claim 1, Resin-treated granular fertilizers incorporated into high-functional vegetation concrete are 0.7-3.0mm in size, nitrogen-based fertilizers with 45-47% nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers with 15-17% soluble phosphoric acid. Primary coating treatment with mixed resin of polymerized resin emulsion, secondary coating treatment with special acrylic resin with viscosity of 50,000 to 100,000, and total coating thickness of 70 ~ 75㎛ for 5 ~ 20% of cement weight Manufacturing method characterized in that it is incorporated into The method of claim 1 In the preparation of high functional vegetal concrete using resin-treated granular fertilizer, the admixture is mixed with industrial by-products blast furnace slag and silica fume at 30 to 60% and 5 to 20%, respectively, in order to increase the fluidity and durability of cement paste. Manufacturing method characterized in that the high-performance AE water reducing agent is mixed 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of cement