KR20000023696A - Adjustable casting mould, and device for adjusting the mould surface thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An adjustable mold is provided for fixing each mold pin securely even when expanding a mold largely. CONSTITUTION: Two molds(10,12) have a transport frame(14) having a transport bolt for hanging a wire bonded plate. Also, the transport frame(14) has a bonding plate(18) near a form separation face where two frames are connected each other by a bolt(20) and a screw(22). The inner face of the frame(14) is covered with adiabatic interior material(24). Through this, the bottom of the frame or a vertical holder fixed at a ceiling wall is arranged in a specific interval, supports a rail. An assembly unit(42) of the mold pin set is fixed, represented wholly(44) into an insertion hole using an insertion pin. At the assembly unit(42), a series of insertion holes exists, is for selectively moving the insertion hole. By this method, the mold pin set(44) is vertically connected to a gliding head and is connected to a rail(38) through the gliding head as being connected to various positions.

Description

ADJUSTABLE CASTING MOULD, AND DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE MOULD SURFACE THEREOF}

Existing molds have to prepare sand casting dies for each product. These sand molds are suitable for the continuous production of small products. However, it is difficult to process the used foundry sand. For example, casting four propeller blades for a ship screw would result in 80 Waste foundry sand is produced. Part of this treatment problem is partially solved by reclaiming the used foundry sand. In addition, the regeneration costs are high. To prepare for the death die, it also takes a lot of labor and time. Metal molds are used for mass production of casting products that are not too large. However, manufacturing these molds is expensive and cannot be used for casting small quantities. In DE 41 12 736 C2, a mold with adjustable mold face was proposed, in which case the rod-shaped mold pins which move axially together are fixed to each other in the mold, which is contoured by the front face of the mold pins adjusted to different lengths. An adjustable, template surface of a stepped curve is created. The disadvantage of this mold is that it can only be positioned when all the mold pins are in the desired axial position. If the fixation is not perfect, the template pin will be pushed under the influence of disturbing factors. In addition, in this case, since the fixing is made by the pure friction density, there is a problem that the position of the mold pin is fixed only when all the mold pins are pulled tight. Under casting conditions, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the mold pin and the support frame is different, so the holding force differs from the original setting. Also, in the case of mold pin packages, the clamping force must be transferred from one mold pin to another adjacent mold pin without difficulty. That is, the sides of the mold pin should be placed adjacent to each other exactly flat. Therefore, mold pins have to be machined very precisely and cleaned cleanly when reused. However, even if you follow these precautions, it is not possible to manufacture adjustable molds for very large products. This is because the mold pin, which is maintained only at frictional density, cannot withstand large loads in the axial direction and the position may change due to the melt weight of molten metal.

The invention relates to an adjustable mold and mold face adjusting device according to claim 1.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 is a vertical sectional view of a mold for propeller blades.

FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken along line II of the mold of FIG. 1; FIG.

3 is a cross-sectional view of two adjacent mold pin sets in the mold of FIGS. 1 and 2;

4 is an enlarged side view of two mold pins in the fully entered or maximum position.

5 is a portion of the template pin set and the adjacent template pin set of the cutting line V-V of FIG.

6 is an overhead view of the mold pin set top surface of FIG. 4.

7 is an overhead view of the mold and the mold surface of the mold of FIG. 1;

8 is a device for automatically positioning the mold pin of the mold pin set in the axial direction.

9 is a longitudinal sectional view of the mold pin and the setting mechanism.

1 is a propeller wing mold of a ship screw composed of a lower mold indicated by (10) and an upper mold indicated by (12).

Since the two molds 10 and 12 are theoretically the same structure, only one structure will be described in detail. Quotation marks for components of the two templates 10 and 12 are indicated in only one template for consistency.

Each of the molds has a carrying frame 14 provided with a carrying bolt for hanging the wire bonding plate. The conveying frame 14 also has a joining plate 18 adjacent to the mold separation surface where the two frames are interconnected by bolts 20 and screws 22.

The inner face of the mold 14 is wrapped in a heat insulating lining 24. This allows the vertical holders 26 fixed to the bottom or ceiling walls of the frame to be arranged at equal intervals and to support the rails 28. The cross section of this rail is similar to a double T-holder. As shown in FIG. 3, the sliding wall 30 is welded to the vertical bridge of the rail 28. It works with its top and bottom with slide bolts 32 (or slide wheels) to maintain distance vertically, both of which belong to the slide head. The fixed plate 36 with the insertion opening 38 also belongs to the slide head.

The insertion pin 40 may be used to fix the assembly portion 42 of the mold pin set, which is entirely indicated by the insertion hole 44. The assembly 42 has a series of insertion openings 46, which can selectively move the insertion opening (38). In this way, the mold pin set 44 is connected at various positions, perpendicular to the slide head, and connected to the rail 38 through the slide head. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rail 28 spacing completely coincides with the lateral distance of the mold pin set 44. When the mold pin set 44 is arranged on the rail 28 that runs vertically side by side in the figure, the mold pins 44 arranged back and forth perpendicularly to the paper surface have different vertical positions of the mold pins. Is generated. In FIG. 1, the front of the mold pin set placed behind is omitted for clarity. This front surface extends to the edge of the mold and to the mold separation surface in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface as shown in the lateral direction in FIG. 1.

This will make the play between the slide bolts 32 and the slide wall 30 very small in order to make the rolling moment act less on the rail and the slide head 34 where the mold pin set is located under casting conditions. At this time, the fluidity of the slide head 34 is very poor) The rail 48 is installed very close to the peripheral wall of the frame 14. That is, the auxiliary rail is placed near the front of the mold pin set or the region adjacent to the fixing plate 36 of the mold pin set 44 at the edge. The auxiliary rails can be tensioned using springs or installed inside the frame using tension bolts not shown. Another auxiliary rail 50 lies in the rail 28 at the periphery and is mounted to the frame.

An object of the present invention is to produce an adjustable mold in which the individual mold pins can be reliably fixed even in the case of large expansion of the mold. The problem is solved by an adjustable mold having the features described in claim 1. In this case the individual mold pins are supported by corresponding supports which can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction. Each mold pin has its own support, which is independent of adjacent mold pins, so that the size of the mold can be arbitrarily increased without any problem by utilizing the concept of the present invention.

Using the concept of the present invention, it is possible to integrate the mold pin group into subunits that can be used and transported without changing the mold plane. Can be obtained.

The subclaims describe useful extensions of the invention. Using the screw drive for supporting the mold pin, the front side of the mold pin can be adjusted simply and precisely. The robot makes this adjustment very simple. In addition, the longitudinally adjustable crutches are not sensitive to high temperatures.

The extension according to claim 3 has the advantage of providing a safe and good escape route regardless of the axial position.

In the expansion according to claim 4, the high temperature safety of the screw drive device used for mold pin adjustment in casting conditions is ensured.

In claim 5, a screw hole or a spin dell screw of a screw drive device is provided in the guide section, so that a stable screw drive device adjustment is always performed in the adjustment screw head having the same axial position.

The expansion of the invention according to claim 6 has the advantage that the position of the mold surface does not change much when the temperature during the casting process differs from the temperature which is the basis when specifying the reference position for different types of mold pins. have.

In an extension of the invention according to claim 7, the original stepped mold surface is converted into a flat mold surface via mechanical modification.

In the extension of the present invention according to claim 8, the material constituting the mold pin can be selected to have good thermal characteristics or workability. At this time, the mechanical binding force of the mold pin does not change. The thinner the skin, the smaller the resistance to the tool when modifying the stepped mold surface.

In order to install the mold pin groups on the fixing plate, as described in claim 9, these mold pin groups can be adjusted in small installations at a glance, in particular using automatic equipment. The use of a holding plate having a group of mold pins has the advantage that the mold pins can be fixed simply to the mold frame, and that molds of various sizes can be manufactured using only basic components. Since the fixing plate is installed to be adjustable on the mold in the axial direction of the mold pin, each mold pin adjustment distance does not have to be too large, and a casting having a large dimension difference in the direction parallel to the mold pin longitudinal axis can be produced.

The extension of the invention according to claim 10 has the advantage of providing a simple and load-bearing plate for the mold.

In the case of the mold according to claim 11, each holding plate and the group of mold pins installed therein can be combined with the mold frame very simply, wherein the bundles of mold pin groups are automatically formed in two perpendicular directions (once through the joining). Then by rail distance).

With the extension of the invention according to claim 12, part of the mold surface can be made very economically diverse. In extreme cases, the area around the mold separation surface, which serves as the shielding of the mold pupil, can be simply shielded using a holding plate with only one square mold pin. If the mold pin is installed on the mold separation surface, no further adjustment is required. It is possible to install a fixed plate having an injection path and an exhaust path in the edge region of the mold.

The extension of the invention according to claim 13 has the advantage that the mold pins can be detached from the mold very easily.

With the extension of the invention according to claim 14, it is possible to reduce the attachment or movement mechanism of the mold pin due to the temperature of the mold.

The mold according to claim 15 has an almost smooth mold surface. If the mold is large, after setting the axial position of the mold pin on the fixing plate, for each of the mold pin group, the mold pin front machining is performed separately. With this method, the machining distance of the CNC machine does not have to be large. If CNC-machinery is available, a nearly uniform mold surface can be obtained by applying heat-resistant, plastic materials to the steps made by the mold pin front. When the mold is painted again, the plastic material painted on the front of the mold pin will generally fall on its own if the mold pin is not set identically. If necessary, it can also be separated more easily by spraying a desorption agent on the front of the mold pin before applying the plastic material.

An extension of the invention according to claim 17 has the advantage of reducing the weight of the mold pin and / or reducing the process of adjusting the mold pin as much as possible, thus making it easier to use the mold pin and the entire group of mold pins. If the mold pin has a longitudinal cross section, the entire face can be machined to create a uniform mold face.

The pupil in the mold pin according to claim 17 can be used for cooling purposes according to claim 18.

With the extension of the invention according to claim 19, it is possible to automatically adjust the front of each mold pin to the desired mold surface. This is particularly advantageous when the mold is very large and can produce a variety of products.

In the embodiment to be considered herein, the mold is divided into two parts. That is, the part on the left side of FIG. 2 is the original mold space, which is a fine stepped product surface, which is produced by a plurality of mold pin sets 44. 2 shows the mold pupil corresponding to the mold. Since the mold part of this part does not need a detailed mold surface, the mold pin set 44 uses a mold pin set 55 that is twice the size of the corner. In the embodiment considered here, with the rail 28, the mold pin set 52 was placed perpendicular to the travel direction of the rail 28 in a similar manner to the mold pin set 44 already described in detail. The mold pin set 52 may be assembled and disassembled through a revolving door installed on a side wall of the mold.

The mold pin set 52 mainly has an integrated rectangular mold pin 58, and the front face of the mold pin is in contact with each other in the mold separation surface. On the left side of FIG. 2, only the three mold pins in the row of mold pin sets 52 are configured for melting together with the injection and dispensing furnaces not shown in the figure, and the mold pin sets 44 Flows into the mold space 60 (compared with FIG. 1) bounded by.

The mold pin set 44 is inserted onto the insertion hole 38 in the rail 28, and the insertion hole 46 is combined differently to obtain a stepped mold surface 62 as shown in FIG. 1 evenly distributed. In order to make the mold surface 62 into the desired surface shape, the mold pin set 44 has a plurality of mold pin sets 64 each arranged in a grid shape, which can be adjusted independently of each other in the axial direction. . In this way a large step between adjacent set of mold pins 44 can be broken down into a smaller number of steps between adjacent set of mold pins 64. This allows access to the fine mold surface 64, as indicated by the right part of FIG. 3.

The mold pin 64 has a core 66 of square cross section (compared to FIG. 4), which is surrounded by a thin skin 68 (the thickness of FIG. 4 is exaggerated for illustrative purposes). The core 66 is made of a material having a small coefficient of thermal expansion at least in the temperature range of the mold pin when casting, or more preferably, a material having a small coefficient of thermal expansion in the region between the normal temperature and the casting temperature. This kind of material is, for example, graphite used for electrode production. Another suitable material in terms of thermal and mechanical properties is wood. However, using the technology developed in the manufacture of the electrode mainly uses graphite which can be easily made into a rod of the desired shape.

The graphite core 66 is connected to the epidermis 68 so as to be separated through the crossing pin 70. The skin 68 is bonded to the inner elastic portion 74 by the weld seam 72, the heat insulating material 76 to thermally block the elastic portion 74 and the graphite core 66 at the end of the skin portion 68 of the elastic portion side. There is).

The inner elastic portion 74 works with the cylindrical outer elastic portion 78 whose upper end is welded to the fixed plate 80. The inner elastic part 74 constitutes the elastic part guide jointly with the outer elastic part 78. The upper end of the inner telescopic portion 74 is welded to the spin Dell screw 82. It works with the adjustment bolt 84, the upper end of which is a bearing plate 86 that moves with the bottom of the fixing plate 80. The bearing plate together with the head 88 of the adjustment bolt 84 constitutes one radiation bearing / axial bearing. By turning the adjusting bolt 84 of the mold pin 64, the mold pin 64 can be precisely set in the axial direction between the state in which the front surface of the mold pin is fully entered (left side of FIG. 4) and the state completely out (right side of FIG. 4).

The screw, profile, screw ratio and material selection of the spin dell screw of the adjusting bolt 84 and the spin dell screw 82 are made in all casting conditions under which the mold is placed, under load or under vibration. Should be self-braking.

As can be seen, in the case of the embodiment contemplated herein, the mold pin 64 has a square cross section, and the mold pin set 44 is also rectangular in a 10 × 10 arrangement.

Various mold pins 64 can be adjusted to make the mold surface 62 fine, and a large contour of the mold surface 62 can be inserted by inserting individual mold pin sets 64 into the slide head 34 belonging thereto. Can catch. If each mold pin adjustment distance is limited, this method can produce products with rapidly changing surfaces in the vertical direction.

7 is a side view of the propeller blades 90 for ship screws. To make this wing, push all the mold pins 64 of the mold pin set on the outside of the wing contour completely forward. In this case, when inserting the corresponding set of mold pins, a simple set of mold pins can be used with one simple graphite block whose size can be placed on the mold separation surface. For mold pin sets 44 that are cut or placed in propeller vanes 90, each mold pin set 44 and all mold pin fronts are set to lie outside the product reference plane. The hatched mold pin set of FIG. 7 may be configured as a single block mold pin set in which the front of the block lies in the mold separation surface. A portion of this mold pin set can be processed to have an inlet.

The mold adjusted according to the above description is assembled for product casting, and is separated again after the product has solidified. The product surface is finely stepped and the material is removed by grinding until the product reference surface is reached.

In a variant of the above embodiment, the mold pins 64 are axially adjusted and then the individual mold pin set surfaces are machined by multi-axis CNC-cutting, so that the mold pin set front tolerances for the actual corresponding product surface are 0.1-0.2 mm. Can be When the mold pin set 44 thus processed is assembled to the housing portion 14, the mold pin set 44 has a smooth mold surface 62 close to the product reference surface.

After assembling the position-adjusted mold pin set 44 to the mold parts 12 to 14, the shape of the mold surface 62 can be made by over-cutting using a multi-axis CNC machine with a large stroke.

In another variant, the assembled mold pin set 44 is assembled to the mold 14, and then the fine stepped mold surfaces of the molds 10 and 12 are kneaded using a rubber blade or a similar tool. It can also be smoothed (eg graphite dough). In this manner, the mold surface 62 can be brought close to the product reference surface without changing the mold pin 64.

As described above, molds made using graphite mold pins can continuously cast small quantities of products, such as 3-5 marine screw castings. This mold pin set can be used again to make molds for other products.

The axial adjustment of the mold pin front can be performed automatically simply by considering the wear of each mold pin as shown in FIG.

The C-shaped bow 92 can be moved in the X-, Y- and Z- directions by the coordinate drive 94, 96, 97 shown schematically. By moving in the X- and Y-directions, the distance sensor 98 on the lower arm of the bow 92 may be placed below the different mold pin fronts of the mold pin set 44. This process is performed by the control of the controller 100 which operates dependently on the casting controller 102. The upper arm of the bow 92 has a spanner head 104 that lies perpendicular to the distance sensor 98, and is rotated bidirectionally by any angle by the servomotor 106.

The servomotor 106 is controlled by a controller 108, which is operated by the output signal of the distance sensor 98 at the first input and at the second input the front surface of the mold pin under consideration in the mold surface memory 110. It is operated by the reference position signal of. Using the data from the CAD-data for the product to be produced, the loading of the template plane storage device 110 is carried out via the shear position assigned to the master controller 102 (required clearance, step formation, etc.).

Addressing of the mold surface storage device 110 is performed according to the final position of the mold pin set 44 on the mold surface 62. Readhead 112 also reads machine read code 114 on the side of stationary plate 80. This constitutes a partial address for the mold surface storage device 110. The other address portion is generated by signals corresponding to the X- and Y-positions of the bow 92, which are given from the controller 100 to other address terminals of the template memory 110. As a result, the mold surface storage device 110 directly in front of the distance sensor 98 provides a reference position signal corresponding to the front reference position of the corresponding mold pin.

In the variant of the above embodiment, the mold plate set, which is not individualized by encoding, is first installed, and the mold plate 80 may be installed on the adjusting plate 80, for example, "third rail, sixth position" where the mold pin set 44 is to be installed. You can also write: When the Y-setting of the fixed plate is made in the process of adjusting the mold pin row adjacent to the recording head, information that can be read by the naked eye can be recorded. Alternatively or additionally, the same information can be recorded on a fixed plate in a machine-readable form.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the template pin components already described in FIGS. 7 to 4 use the same reference numerals.

The mold pin 64 made of graphite material, which is shortly assembled in the axial direction, has a sheath insertion point 116, and is installed at the end of the inner elastic part 74 and fixed to the pin 70. The adjusting bolt is a hollow bolt, and there is a radial feed port 118 in the cross section of this bolt placed on the stationary plate 80. This progresses in the longitudinal direction of the plate through the ring nut 120 having a large passage cross-sectional area as compared with the entire surface of the supply port 118, and the supply port 122 of the mold pin row that shears the ring nuts arranged in sequence. Connected.

An axial passage 124 formed in the adjustment screw 84 flows into the stretching portion 74. Spindel screw 82 is composed of a plurality of passages 126 distributed in the peripheral direction, there is an exhaust port 124 distributed in the peripheral direction at the upper end of the stretchable portion 78.

When assembling the mold pin set 44 arranged in turn on the rail 28, its supply passageways 128 are connected. When the end of the supply passageway 128 assigned to the various rails 28 is connected to the pneumatic device, the compressed air of the various adjustment bolts 84 flows into the expansion and contraction portion 74 through the passage 124. It is then reflected off the rear end face of the graphite mold pin 64 and flows through the passageway 126 into the space above the mold pin 64 with bonding and watertightness placed side by side. The used cooling air exits through openings not shown in the figure on the sidewalls of the mold 14.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the mold pin 64 is not enclosed by a film and constitutes the mold surface 62 independently. Therefore, there is an advantage that the mold surface can be easily finely processed. By replacing the smaller mold pins, you can minimize the waste generated when making new molds.

In the embodiment of FIG. 9 the mold pin 64 has a larger radiation dimension than the stretchable portions 74, 78. Therefore, there is an advantage in reducing the expansion guide and the screw drive that is required as a whole when the mold surface is made a little rough step.

In the above-described embodiment, the screw spindle and the spindel screw working together constitute one self-brake screw drive for the support of the adjustable mold pins to the group of mold pins. The longitudinally adjustable shoring, which can be used when good thermal isolation is good, is a hydraulic or pneumatically actuated cylinder with a toothed rod driven by an adjusting device or a linear drive such as a cog wheel.

Claims (19)

Regarding an adjustable mold having a mold 14 and an axial direction, installed in the mold 14, forming a mold surface 62, and having a mold pin 64 in contact with each other, Adjustable mold, characterized in that the mold pin is supported on the mold 14 through a crutch 82, 84 adjustable in the longitudinal direction. The mold according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinally adjustable crutch has a screw drive device (82, 84) for self-braking. 3. Mold according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mold pin 64 is connected with each guide cross section 74 running from the outer guide portion 78. 4. The mold according to claim 3, wherein the guide cross section 74 is connected with a mold pin 64 belonging therethrough through each heat insulator 76. A guide screw (78) according to claim 2, wherein the guide portion (78) has an adjustment screw (84) which operates together with the spindel screw (82) of the guide section (74). Mold characterized in that it is connected to the fixed plate 80 installed in the mold 14 through the shaft bearing / radiation bearing. The mold according to claim 1, wherein the mold pin (64) is made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, in particular graphite or wood. The mold according to claim 1, wherein the mold pin (64) is made of a material with good machinability, in particular graphite or wood. The mold according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the mold pin (64) is at least partially coated with a material, especially a steel skin (68), which is heat resistant and withstands mechanical load. Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing plate (80) has a group of mold pins (64) fixed to the mold (14) so that it is adjustable in the longitudinal direction (38, 40, 46) of the pin. 10. The mounting plate (80) is connected to the assembly cross section (42), which holds a plurality of insertion openings (46) that maintain a distance in the longitudinal direction of the pin and through the insertion pin (40). The mold, characterized in that connected to the fixed portion 36 installed in the (14). The mold according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the fixing plate (80) is connected with a slide head (34) operating on a rail (28) installed on the mold (14). 12. The method according to claim 9 to 11, wherein the mold pin sets 44 and 52 have different sizes at each place of the mold, and each mold pin set has one fixing plate 80, and a plurality of mold pins ( 64) or a mold, characterized in that it has one mold pin (58). Mold according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is at least one door (56) on the sidewall of the mold (14). The mold according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that there is a heat resistant, very low thermal conductivity interior material (24) inside the frame (14). The mold according to claim 1, wherein the front part of the mold pin (64) is cut to make a continuous mold surface (62). The mold according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the step surface formed by the mold pin front surface is used to form a continuous surface using at least part of a shape member having good heat resistance. The mold according to claim 1, wherein the mold pin (64) and / or the mold pin support (74, 78, 84) at least partially constitute a cavity. 18. The mold according to claim 17, wherein the cavity is connected to a supply pipe (122) for cooling medium. A distance sensor 98 for moving the reference plane, generating an output signal specifying a distance from the reference plane to the front of each mold pin in front of the reference plane, and A mold surface memory device 110 capable of addressing according to the position of the distance sensor 98, and A controller operated by an output signal of the distance sensor 98 and the mold surface storage device 110, and Actuated by a screw controller 82, 84 of the mold pin 64 in front of the distance sensor 98, connected to the distance sensor 98 for simultaneous operation with respect to the mold pin arrangement 64, A mold surface adjuster characterized by a controller, Overall, the mold surface adjusting apparatus, characterized in that the front surface of the mold pin (64) can be placed in the desired position of the product mold surface.