KR19990037866A - A Constructing Method for Excavating for Tunnel - Google Patents
A Constructing Method for Excavating for Tunnel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR19990037866A KR19990037866A KR1019990004107A KR19990004107A KR19990037866A KR 19990037866 A KR19990037866 A KR 19990037866A KR 1019990004107 A KR1019990004107 A KR 1019990004107A KR 19990004107 A KR19990004107 A KR 19990004107A KR 19990037866 A KR19990037866 A KR 19990037866A
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- excavation
- drilled
- blasting
- holes
- tunnel
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
본발명은 터널을 굴착하는 공법에 관한 것으로, 특히 1회의 굴진장 길이를 대폭적으로 길게 하여 전반적으로 굴착기간을 단축시켜 주는 것이다. 기술적 구성을 간단히 설명하면, 터널굴착면의 가운데부분에 해당되는 심발부(10), 그 심발부(10) 주위의 확대부(20), 그 확대부 둘레의 굴착선을 보호하는 주변부(30) 및 바닥부분의 바닥부(40)들에 각기 굴착장비로 소정의 길이로 발파공(50)들을 천공하고, 상기 각 발파공(50)들에 장약(60)을 적절하게 조절하여 설치하고, 상기 장약을 기폭시켜 발파하는 것에 있어서, 상기 심발부(10), 확대부(20), 주변부(30) 및 바닥부(40)들에 천공되는 발파공(50)들은 모두 굴착장비의 굴착로드(70)를 길이방향으로 평행하게 설치하여 각기 천공하되, 심발부(10)에는 가운데부분에 자유면으로 활용할 수 있는 대구경으로 천공되는 대공(51)과, 그 대공(51) 주위의 적절한 위치에 소구경으로 천공되는 소공(52)들이 평행하게 뚫려지는 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for excavating a tunnel, and in particular, significantly shortens the excavation period by significantly lengthening the length of one excavation site. Briefly describing the technical configuration, the core portion 10 corresponding to the center portion of the tunnel excavation surface, the enlarged portion 20 around the core portion 10, the peripheral portion 30 to protect the excavation line around the enlarged portion And drilling the blasting holes 50 to a predetermined length in each of the bottom parts 40 of the bottom with an excavating equipment, and installing and controlling the charge 60 appropriately in the blasting holes 50, respectively. In detonating and blasting, the blasting holes 50 drilled in the heart portion 10, the enlarged portion 20, the peripheral portion 30 and the bottom portion 40 are all the length of the excavation rod 70 of the excavation equipment Installed in parallel to each other and drilled, but the core portion 10 is drilled in a small diameter at a suitable position around the large hole and the large hole that can be used as a free surface in the center portion. Small holes 52 are to be drilled in parallel.
Description
본발명은 터널을 굴착하는 공법에 관한 것으로, 특히 1회의 굴진장 길이를 대폭적으로 길게 하여 전반적으로 굴착기간을 단축시켜 주는 굴진속도가 신속한 터널굴착공법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for excavating a tunnel, and more particularly, to a tunnel excavation method with a fast excavation speed that greatly shortens the excavation period by greatly lengthening the length of one excavation site.
종래의 터널굴착공법은 도1a 및 도1b에서 도시하는 바와 같이, 터널굴착면의 가운데부분에 해당되는 심발부(1), 그 심발부(1) 주위의 확대부(2), 그 확대부 둘레 가장자리부분의 주변부(3) 및 바닥부분의 바닥부(4)들에 각기 굴착장비로 소정의 길이로 발파공(5)들을 천공하되, 각 발파공(5)들이 소정의 각도로 가운데 중심쪽으로 기울어지도록 V-컷트 형태로 천공하고, 상기 각 발파공(5)들에 장약(6)을 적절하게 조절하여 설치하고, 상기 장약을 기폭시켜 발파하여 굴착해 나간다.In the conventional tunnel excavation method, as shown in Figs. 1A and 1B, the core portion 1 corresponding to the center portion of the tunnel excavation surface, the enlarged portion 2 around the core portion 1, and the periphery of the enlarged portion are shown. Drill the blast holes 5 to a predetermined length in the peripheral portion 3 of the edge portion and the bottom portion 4 of the bottom portion with the excavation equipment, respectively, so that each blast hole 5 is inclined toward the center of the center at a predetermined angle. -Drill in cut form, and install the charge (6) to each of the blast holes (5) appropriately, and detonated by exploding the charge and excavation.
이와 같이 굴착하는 종래의 터널굴착공법은 발파공(5)들을 V-컷트 형태로 천공하여 심발부(1)로부터 주변부(3)로 순차적으로 발파하는 것이다. 따라서 심발부(1)가 먼저 빠져서 자유면이 형성되고 주변부쪽으로 순차적으로 기폭되어 발파되는 것이다.Conventional tunneling method of excavation as described above is to blast the blasting holes 5 in the V-cut form to blast sequentially from the heart portion 1 to the periphery 3. Therefore, the heart pit (1) first falls out, and a free surface is formed, which is sequentially detonated toward the periphery and blasted.
그러나, 종래의 터널굴착공법은 심발부의 심빼기를 용이하게 하기 위해 발파공(5)들을 중심쪽으로 소정의 각도로 기울어지게 하는 V-컷트 형태로 천공하기 때문에 1회의 굴진장 길이가 제한을 받을 수 밖에 없었다.However, the conventional tunnel excavation method is limited to one length of excavation length because it drills in a V-cut shape in which the blasting holes 5 are inclined at a predetermined angle toward the center to facilitate the extraction of the heart. There was only.
즉, 도1b에서 도시하는 바와 같이, 터널의 좌우측 벽면에 굴착장비, 예를 들면 점보드릴의 굴착로드(7)가 닿기 때문에 길다란 굴착로드(7)를 설치하여 천공하기가 곤란하다.That is, as shown in Fig. 1B, since the excavation equipment, for example, the excavating rod 7 of the dot board reel, comes into contact with the left and right side walls of the tunnel, it is difficult to install and drill a long excavating rod 7.
따라서, 1회의 굴진장 길이가 짧게 될 수 밖에 없으므로 전반적으로 굴진속도가느려 터널굴착 시간이 오래 지연되는 문제점이 있다.Therefore, since the length of one excavation site is inevitably short, there is a problem that the tunnel excavation time is delayed for a long time due to the slow excavation speed.
따라서, 본발명의 목적은 각 발파공들을 평행하게 천공하여 1회의 굴진장 길이를 대폭적으로 길게 함으로써 전반적으로 터널굴착시간을 단축시켜 주는 굴진속도가 신속한 터널굴착공법을 제공하는데 있다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavation method with a rapid excavation speed that shortens the tunnel excavation time by drilling a plurality of blast holes in parallel to significantly lengthen one excavation length.
도1a 및 도1b는 종래 발파공의 천공 상태를 나타내는 예시도Figures 1a and 1b is an exemplary view showing a punched state of the conventional blast hole
도2는 본발명에 따른 발파공 상태를 나타내는 정면도Figure 2 is a front view showing a state of blast hole according to the present invention
도3은 도2 "A"부의 확대도3 is an enlarged view of a portion “A” of FIG. 2;
도4는 도2의 B-B선 단면도4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG.
<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>
10:심발부 20:확대부 30:주변부10: heart 20: enlarged portion 30: peripheral portion
40:바닥부 50:발파공 51:대공40: bottom part 50: blasting ball 51: antiaircraft
52:소공 60:장약 70:굴착로드52: pore 60: charge 70: drilling rod
이하, 본발명의 기술적 구성을 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the technical configuration of the present invention will be described.
본발명의 굴진속도가 신속한 터널굴착공법은 터널굴착면의 가운데부분에 해당되는 심발부(10), 그 심발부(10) 주위의 확대부(20), 그 확대부 둘레 가장자리부분의 주변부(30) 및 바닥부분의 바닥부(40)들에 각기 굴착장비로 소정의 길이로 발파공(50)들을 천공하고, 상기 각 발파공(50)들에 장약(60)을 적절하게 조절하여 설치하고, 상기 장약을 기폭시켜 발파하는 것에 있어서, 상기 심발부(10), 확대부(20), 주변부(30) 및 바닥부(40)들에 천공되는 발파공(50)들은 모두 굴착장비의 굴착로드(70)를 길이방향으로 평행하게 설치하여 각기 천공하되, 심발부(10)에는 가운데 부분에 자유면으로 활용할 수 있는 대구경으로 천공되는 대공(51)과, 그 대공(51) 주위의 적절한 위치에 소구경으로 천공되는 소공(52)들이 평행하게 뚫려짐을 특징으로 하는 것이다.Tunnel excavation method with a rapid excavation speed of the present invention is the core portion 10 corresponding to the center portion of the tunnel excavation surface, the enlarged portion 20 around the core portion 10, the peripheral portion 30 around the edge portion of the enlarged portion Perforations of the blast holes 50 to a predetermined length in each of the bottom portion 40 of the bottom portion and the excavation equipment, and to install the appropriate charge (60) to the blast holes 50, respectively, the charge In detonating the blasting, the blasting holes 50 drilled in the heart portion 10, the enlarged portion 20, the peripheral portion 30 and the bottom portion 40 are all excavating rod 70 of the drilling equipment Perforated by installing parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction, the perforated part 51 is drilled in a large diameter that can be utilized as a free surface in the center portion, and a small diameter at a suitable position around the perforated 51. It is characterized in that the small holes 52 are drilled in parallel.
여기에서, 대공(51)은 자유면으로 활용하는 것으로 장약을 하지 않은 것이며, 소공(52)은 발파공(50)과 마찬가지로 장약(60)이 설치된다.Here, the large hole 51 is not used to charge by utilizing the free surface, and the small hole 52 is provided with the charge 60 similarly to the blasting hole 50.
따라서, 본발명은 각 발파공(50)들을 평행하게 천공하고 심발부(10)의 대공(51)을 자유면으로 활용하게 됨으로써 1회의 굴진장 길이를 대폭적으로 길게 할 수 있다. 참고적으로, 1회의 굴진장의 길이는 종래에는 3.5m를 넘지 못하고 있으나, 굴착장비인 점보드릴을 이용하는 본발명은 4m 내지 5m를 굴진할 수 있다.Therefore, the present invention can perforate the blasting holes 50 in parallel and utilize the large hole 51 of the heart portion 10 as a free surface, thereby significantly lengthening the length of one excavation field. For reference, the length of one excavation site conventionally does not exceed 3.5m, but the present invention using the dot board reel as an excavation equipment can excavate 4m to 5m.
이하, 첨부도면들에 도시되는 대표적인 실시예를 통하여 본발명을 보다 구체적으로 살펴보면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
본발명의 실시예는, 도2 내지 도4에서 도시하는 바와 같이, 터널굴착면의 가운데부분에 해당되는 심발부(10), 그 심발부(10) 주위의 확대부(20), 그 확대부 둘레 가장자리부분의 주변부(30) 및 바닥부분의 바닥부(40)들에 각기 굴착장비로 소정의 길이로 발파공(50)들을 천공하고, 상기 각 발파공(50)들에 장약(60)을 적절하게 조절하여 설치하고, 상기 장약을 기폭시켜 발파하는 것에 있어서, 상기 심발부(10), 확대부(20), 주변부(30) 및 바닥부(40)들에 천공되는 발파공(50)들은 모두 굴착장비의 굴착로드(70)를 길이방향으로 평행하게 설치하여 각기 천공하되, 심발부(10)에는 가운데부분에 자유면으로 활용할 수 있는 대구경으로 천공되는 대공(51)과, 그 대공(51) 주위의 적절한 위치에 소구경으로 천공되는 소공(52)들이 평행하게 뚫려진다는 점에서 본발명의 기본적인 기술사상을 구현하는 것이다.Embodiments of the present invention, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the core portion 10 corresponding to the center portion of the tunnel excavation surface, the enlarged portion 20 around the core portion 10, the enlarged portion thereof Perforations of the blasting holes 50 to the predetermined length in the periphery 30 and the bottom portion 40 of the circumferential edge portion with the excavation equipment, respectively, and the charge 60 is appropriately applied to the respective blasting holes 50 In the installation by adjusting and detonating the charge, the blasting holes 50 drilled in the heart portion 10, the enlarged portion 20, the peripheral portion 30 and the bottom portion 40 are all excavating equipment Install the drilling rods 70 in parallel in the longitudinal direction, and drill each, but the core portion 10 has a large diameter that can be drilled in a large diameter that can be utilized as a free surface in the center, and around the large diameter 51. The basic principle of the present invention is that the small holes 52 drilled in small diameters at appropriate positions are drilled in parallel. It is to embody technical ideas.
여기에서, 상기 대공(51)은 1개가 천공될 수도 있고, 여러개가 천공될 수도 있다. 다만, 본발명의 실시예에서는 도3에서 도시하는 바와 같이, 대공(51)이 상하방향으로 천공되어지되 외접선이 서로 접지되는 2개의 대공(51)이 천공됨을 예시해 보여준다.Here, one large hole 51 may be punched out or several drill holes may be punched out. However, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the hole 51 is drilled in the vertical direction, but shows that the two holes 51, the outer circumference line is grounded with each other.
상기 주변부(30)의 외곽 발파공(50)들은 그 선단부가 도4에서 도시하는 바와 같이, 원주방향, 즉 바깥방향으로 약간 향하도록 천공함이 바람직하다. 이는 다음단계의 천공작업을 용이하게 하기 위한 것으로, 설계도면보다 약간 넓게 굴착함으로써 굴착장비(70)를 설치할 작업공간을 확보하기 위함이다.The outer blast holes 50 of the periphery 30 are preferably drilled so that their tip ends slightly in the circumferential direction, that is, outwardly, as shown in FIG. This is to facilitate the drilling of the next step, to secure a work space to install the excavation equipment 70 by excavating slightly wider than the design drawing.
한편, 상기와 같은 방법으로 1회의 굴진장 길이를 길게 할 수 있으나, 발파시 터널벽면에 여굴을 최소화시킬 필요가 있다. 이러한 여굴을 최소화시키기 위해서는 각 발파공(50)들간의 위치, 개수 및 장약량을 적절하게 조절하는 것이 중요하다. 이러한 발파공(50)들간의 위치, 개수 및 장약량을 조절하는 것은 암질에 따라 각기 달라질 수 있다.On the other hand, the length of one excavation site can be lengthened by the above method, but it is necessary to minimize overburden on the tunnel wall surface when blasting. In order to minimize such overbreak, it is important to properly adjust the position, the number, and the amount of charge between the blast holes 50. Controlling the position, number and dose between these blast holes 50 may vary depending on the cancer.
도2 및 도3에서 보여주는 본발명의 실시예는 경질암으로 된 대표적인 발파패턴을 보여주는 것으로, 발파공(50)들간의 위치, 개수 및 장약량은 표 1에서와 같다. 여기에서, 심발공은 심발부(10), 확대발파공은 확대부(20), 설계굴착선보호공 및 설계굴착선공은 주변부(30), 바닥공은 바닥부(40)에 각기 해당되는 발파공(50)이며, 총 발파공수는 155개이며, 총장약량은 242.38kg이다.The embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 2 and 3 shows a typical blasting pattern of hard rock, the position, number and dose between the blasting holes 50 are shown in Table 1. Here, the heart blast hole is a heart blasting portion 10, the expansion blast hole is an enlarged portion 20, the design rig protection ball and the design dig line is a periphery 30, the bottom hole is a blast hole corresponding to the bottom portion 40 ( 50), the total blast number is 155 and the total dose is 242.38kg.
따라서, 암질에 따라 발파공(50)들간의 위치, 개수 및 장약량은 달라질 수 있으나, 표 1은 경질암으로 된 경우의 대표적인 발파패턴을 보여주는 것으로서 이와 같은 패턴으로 발파할 경우에 여굴을 최소화시킬 수 있다.Therefore, the position, number and dose between the blast holes 50 may vary according to the rock quality, but Table 1 shows typical blasting patterns in the case of hard cancer, and when the blasting is performed in such a pattern, the overbreak can be minimized. .
이와 같이, 본발명은 심발부(10), 확대부(20), 주변부(30) 및 바닥부(40)들에 천공되는 발파공(50)들은 모두 굴착장비의 굴착로드(70)를 길이방향으로 평행하게 설치하여 각기 천공하되, 심발부(10)에는 가운데 부분에 자유면으로 활용할 수 있는 대구경으로 천공되는 대공(51)과, 그 대공(51) 주위의 적절한 위치에 소구경으로 천공되는 소공(52)들을 평행하게 뚫어 줌으로써, 1회의 굴진장 길이를 대폭적으로 증대시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 전반적으로 터널굴착기간을 단축시켜 주는 효과를가진다.As such, the present invention is a blast hole 50 perforated in the heart portion 10, the enlarged portion 20, the peripheral portion 30 and the bottom portion 40 all the excavation rod 70 of the drilling equipment in the longitudinal direction Perforations are installed in parallel to each other, but the core portion (10) is drilled in a large diameter that can be utilized as a free surface in the center portion of the large hole (51), and a small hole perforated in a small diameter at an appropriate position around the large hole ( By drilling 52 in parallel, it is possible not only to greatly increase the length of one excavation field, but also to shorten the tunnel excavation period as a whole.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR100323151B1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2002-02-06 | 조영동 | Tunnel blasting method with large empty holes and pre-splitting of circular cut |
KR100676914B1 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-02-01 | 주식회사 무진네오테크 | Excavating method of tunnel with slight vibration |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100323151B1 (en) * | 1999-12-31 | 2002-02-06 | 조영동 | Tunnel blasting method with large empty holes and pre-splitting of circular cut |
KR100676914B1 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-02-01 | 주식회사 무진네오테크 | Excavating method of tunnel with slight vibration |
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