JP4216957B2 - Blast excavation method - Google Patents

Blast excavation method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4216957B2
JP4216957B2 JP19201799A JP19201799A JP4216957B2 JP 4216957 B2 JP4216957 B2 JP 4216957B2 JP 19201799 A JP19201799 A JP 19201799A JP 19201799 A JP19201799 A JP 19201799A JP 4216957 B2 JP4216957 B2 JP 4216957B2
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Prior art keywords
blasting
hole
blast
holes
excavation
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JP2001021299A (en
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勝三 寺本
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Nishimatsu Construction Co Ltd
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Nishimatsu Construction Co Ltd
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばトンネルなどの地下空洞を掘削する発破掘削工法に係わり、特に、発破孔の配置を工夫して余堀り量を従来より少なくすることにより、余堀り量を増加させずに発破長を延長することができる発破掘削工法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
土木工事現場において、地盤を発破により掘削し、所定の形状、大きさを有する空間を作製すること(以下、発破掘削と表示)は頻繁に行われている。
通常、発破掘削は、穿孔機を用いて所定の位置に所定の深さおよび大きさを有する発破孔を掘削し、この発破孔に挿入した爆薬を爆発することにより行う。
【0003】
この発破掘削工法の一例であるSB(スムースブラスティング)工法について、図3および図4を用いて説明する。
図3は、従来のSB工法における発破孔5…の位置を説明する概略図であり、図4は図3の切羽2における一部省略の断面概略図である。
SB工法は、、地下空洞1の切羽2の周縁部2a全体から地下空洞1の設計側面1aに沿うように、ドリルジャンボ100などの穿孔機を用いて発破孔5を複数掘削し、この発破孔に装薬した爆薬を爆発することにより、地盤から掘削すべき領域を、設計側面1aにおいて、切り離すように発破して(SB効果)掘削する工法である。
このSB工法によれば、掘削すべき領域すべてを強大な爆発エネルギーを用いて発破(破砕)する必要はないため、残った地盤の損傷は少なく、また、掘削壁面の仕上がりは円滑で余堀りや浮石も少なくてすむ。
また、発破孔5の発破長Lにほぼ比例して施工速度が向上するという特徴も備えている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
SB工法において、余堀り量を減少させ、かつ、地盤の損傷を少なくするために、設計側面1aに完全に沿って発破孔5を掘削することが望ましい。
しかし、ドリルジャンボ100の穿孔機101は、先端部であり実際に地盤に当接して穿孔する穿孔部101bが、当該穿孔部101bを駆動させる駆動部101aより細い構造であるため、穿孔機101を水平に保ったまま穿孔部101bを切羽2の周縁部2aに当接させることはできない。
このため、予定している領域を完全に含んで発破掘削を行うためには、発破孔5を、図3に示すように斜め(差し角φ(ファイ))に穿孔する必要がある。
従って、SB工法においても、発破孔5は設計側面1aよりも径方向に深く穿孔されていたため、余堀り量d1は0ではなく、L×tan(φ)ほど発生していた。
この余堀り量d1は、前記した内容から判るように、発破長Lを長くすると大きくなって許容限度を超える可能性が出てくるため、発破長Lの長さには限界があった。
従って、長孔発破による施工速度向上というSB工法の特徴を生かすことは難しかった。
【0005】
上記事情に鑑み、発破孔の配置を工夫して余堀り量を従来より少なくすることにより、発破長Lを延長して施工速度を向上させることを可能にした発破掘削工法を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記問題点を解決するため、本発明は、地下空洞(1)内壁(例えば切羽2)から奥に向けて、少なくとも掘削領域の設計側面(1a)を囲むように、前記掘削領域の断面の内側から外側に向けて斜めに複数穿孔した発破孔にそれぞれ爆薬を充填し、さらに、これらの爆薬を爆発させることにより、前記掘削領域を、前記設計側面において地盤から切り離すように発破して掘削する、発破掘削工法において、前記発破孔を、前記設計側面を多重に囲むように穿孔し、かつ、断面径方向において最内側に位置する最内発破孔(例えば発破孔4…)の穿孔深さを発破長と等しくし、また、最外側に位置する最外発破孔(例えば発破孔3…)を含んだ残りの発破孔の最深部が前記最内発破孔の最深部より断面径方向において内側に位置させるために、前記残りの発破孔の穿孔深さを浅くすることを特徴とする。
【0007】
本発明において、前記最内発破孔のように、発破孔の穿孔位置を内径側に移動させることにより、同一の差し角および発破長における余堀り量を、その移動分ほど減少させることができる。ここで、前記掘削領域の手前側の外周端部付近に、前記最内発破孔のみの発破では掘削できない部分があるが、この部分も前記残りの発破孔を設けることにより発破可能となる。また、前記残りの発破孔を前記最内発破孔より浅く穿孔して、該発破孔の最深部が前記最内発破孔の最深部より断面径方向において内側に位置させたので、余堀り量は、前記残りの発破孔を設けても増加しない。従って、本発明によれば、同一の発破長における余堀り量を減らすことができる。また、余堀り量を減らす必要がない場合は、一回あたりの発破長を延長できるため、施工速度は向上して掘削コストを削減できる。
【0008】
本発明の発破掘削工法は、前記最内発破孔を、最深部の断面径方向における位置が前記最外発破孔の最深部の断面径方向における位置と一致するように穿孔し、また、前記最内発破孔と前記最外発破孔との間の発破孔を、等間隔に、かつ、最深部の断面径方向における位置が、すべて、前記最外発破孔の最深部の断面径方向における位置と一致するように穿孔してもよい。この場合は、前記掘削領域は全域において、同一の断面形状に発破掘削されるので、発破側面はなめらかになる。
【0009】
なお、上記した発破掘削工法において、前記発破掘削孔を2重に設けても良いし、さらに多く重ねて設けてもよい。また、前記地下空洞がトンネルである場合は、前記最外発破孔は、切羽の周端から奥に向かって掘削されるため、前記最外発破孔の孔長が短いほど余堀り量は減少できる。従って、前記発破孔の重なり数をnとすると、前記最外発破孔の孔長は前記最内発破孔の孔長の1/n倍となるため、nを増やせば増やすほど余堀り量は減少する。
【0010】
また、本発明の発破掘削工法は、前記発破孔を、該発破孔より一つ外側に位置する発破孔に対して、円周方向に互い違いとなるように掘削してもよい。この場合は、前記最内発破孔および前記他の発破孔の内部の爆薬は、前記設計側面に沿ってまんべんなく地盤を破壊するため、より確実に前記設計側面に沿った発破掘削を行える。
【0011】
また、本発明は、上記の発破掘削工法において、断面径方向において最も外側に位置する最外発破孔には全長にわたって装薬し、他の発破孔においては、その一つ外側の発破孔より奥にある部分にのみ装薬することを特徴とする。
【0012】
本発明によれば、前記他の発破孔は全体に爆薬を装薬するのではなく、他の発破孔においては、その一つ外側の発破孔より奥にある部分にのみ装薬するので、必要最小限の爆発によりSB効果を利用した掘削を行える。従って、地盤に与える影響は最小限で済む。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図を用いて本発明に係る発破掘削工法の一例について説明する。
図1は、本実施例における発破孔3…および発破孔4…の配置を説明する概略図であり、図2は図1の切羽2における一部省略の断面概略図である。
【0014】
本実施例においては、まず、ドリルジャンボ100を用いて、地下空洞1の切羽2の周縁部2aに、従来例である発破孔5…と同じ位置に、発破孔3…を穿孔する。ここで、発破孔3…は、発破孔5と差し角φに穿孔されるが、その長さは発破孔5の半分である1/2Lとする。
【0015】
また、周縁部2aにおいて、発破孔3…より内径側に、発破孔4…を、発破孔3…とは円周方向に互い違いになるように、例えば同じ差し角φで穿孔する。
ここで、好ましくは、図1に示すように、発破孔4…の穿孔位置を発破孔3…よりd2=L/2×tanφほど内径側にすることにより、発破孔3…の最深部の径方向の位置と、発破孔4…の最深部の径方向の位置とを一致させる。この結果、発破孔3…、4…の最深部の径方向の位置は、従来例の半分となる。
【0016】
次に、発破孔3…および発破孔4…に爆薬を装薬する。
ここで、発破孔3…には爆薬を全長にわたって装薬し、発破孔4…には、発破孔3…より奥にある部分、すなわち奥部4aにのみ爆薬を装薬する。
この結果、爆薬は、切羽2から深さLまで、一重に装薬されたことになる。
【0017】
その後、発破孔3…および孔4a…内の爆薬を爆発させることにより、SB効果を利用して、地下空洞1の掘削を進める。
【0018】
ここで、切羽2から深さLの部分まで爆発が起こるため、一回の発破で深さLほど掘削は進む。
この際、発破孔3…および発破孔4…は、径方向において、設計側面1aからはd2=1/2×d1則ち従来例の半分しか奥に入っていないため、余堀り量は従来の半分で済む。
【0019】
以上より、本発明の一実施例である発破掘削工法において、地下空洞1の切羽2において、従来例の発破孔5…とほぼ同じ位置に、深さが1/2Lと発破孔5…の半分である発破孔3…を穿孔し、さらに、発破孔3…のd2ほど内径側に深さLの発破孔4…を穿孔し、これら発破孔3…、4…に装薬した爆薬を爆発させることにより地下空洞1をSB効果を利用して掘削するので、発破一回あたりの掘削量は従来例とほぼ同じLであるにもかかわらず、発破孔3…および発破孔4…は、径方向において、設計側面1aからはd2=1/2×d1則ち従来例の半分しか奥に入っていないため、余堀り量は従来の半分で済む。
従って、本発破掘削工法によれば、余堀り量を、図1の斜線部分ほど減らして従来の半分にすることができる。
【0020】
また、余堀り量を従来例と同じでよい場合は、発破孔3…、4…の深さをそれぞれLおよび2Lと、従来例より倍にできるため、発破一回あたりの掘削量は2Lすなわち従来の倍となる。従って、施工速度は従来の倍となるため、掘削コストを大幅に削減できる。
【0021】
さらに、発破孔3…と発破孔4…を互い違いに穿孔したため、爆薬は設計側面1aに沿ってまんべんなく地盤を破壊するため、より確実に設計側面1aに沿って掘削が進む。
さらに、発破孔4…は全体に爆薬を装薬するのではなく、奥部4aにのみ装薬したので、必要最小限の爆発によりSB効果を利用した掘削を行える。従って、地盤に与える影響は最小限で済む。
【0022】
なお、本発明は本実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で任意に変形できる。
例えば、発破孔4…の長さを2Lより短くすることにより、発破孔4…の穿孔位置を発破孔3…側すなわち外側にずらしてもよい。
また、発破孔の配置は、発破孔3…と発破孔4…の二重構造に限定されるものではなく、発破孔4…の内側にさらに発破孔を多重に穿孔してもよい。
この場合は、好ましくは、すべての発破孔の穿孔角度をφとし、発破孔の多重度をnとした場合、外側からm番目の発破孔の穿孔深さをm/n×Lとし、また、その穿孔位置を、発破孔3…からL×m/n×tanφほど内径側にする。
これにより、発破孔3…の最深部の径方向の位置と、発破孔4…の最深部の径方向の位置とを一致させることとなり、また、発破孔3…、4…、…の最深部の径方向の位置は、従来例の1/nとなる。
また、その円周方向の穿孔位置も、一つ外径側に位置する発破孔と互い違いとなるようにすると、本実施例と同様に、爆薬は設計側面1aに沿ってまんべんなく地盤を破壊するため、より確実に設計側面1aに沿って掘削が進む。
さらに、本実施例と同様に、発破孔3…には全長にわたって爆薬を装薬し、他の発破孔においては、その一つ外側の発破孔より奥にある部分にのみ装薬することにより、必要最小限の爆発によりSB効果を利用した掘削を行える。従って、地盤に与える影響は最小限で済む。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、前記最内発破孔のように、発破孔の穿孔位置を内径側に移動させることにより、同一の差し角および発破長における余堀り量を、その移動分ほど減少させることができる。また、前記掘削領域の手前側の外周端部付近を発破するための前記残りの発破孔を、前記最内発破孔より浅く穿孔することにより、該発破孔の最深部が前記最内発破孔の最深部より断面径方向において内側に位置させたので、余堀り量は、前記残りの発破孔を設けても増加しない。従って、本発明によれば、同一の発破長における余堀り量を減らすことができる。また、余堀り量を減らす必要がない場合は、一回あたりの発破長を延長できるため、施工速度は向上して掘削コストを削減できる。
【0024】
また、本発明によれば、前記掘削領域は全域において、同一の断面形状に発破掘削されるので、発破側面はなめらかになる。さらに、前記地下空洞がトンネルである場合は、前記最外発破孔は、切羽の周端から奥に向かって掘削されるため、前記最外発破孔の孔長が短いほど余堀り量は減少できる。従って、前記発破孔の重なり数をnとすると、前記最外発破孔の孔長は前記最内発破孔の孔長の1/n倍となるため、nを増やせば増やすほど余堀り量は減少する。
【0025】
また、本発明によれば、前記最内発破孔および前記他の発破孔の内部の爆薬は、前記設計側面に沿ってまんべんなく地盤を破壊するため、より確実に前記設計側面に沿った発破掘削を行える。
【0026】
また、本発明によれば、必要最小限の爆発によりSB効果を利用した掘削を行えるため、地盤に与える影響は最小限で済む。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る発破掘削工法の一例における発破孔3…および発破孔4…の配置を説明する概略図である。
【図2】図1の切羽2における一部省略の断面概略図である。
【図3】従来のSB工法における発破孔5…の位置を説明する概略図である。。
【図4】図3の切羽2における一部省略の断面概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 地下空洞
1a 設計側面
2 切羽(内壁)
3 発破孔(最外発破孔)
4 発破孔(最内発破孔)
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a blasting excavation method for excavating underground cavities such as tunnels, and in particular, by devising the arrangement of blasting holes and reducing the amount of overburden without increasing the amount of overburden. The present invention relates to a blast excavation method capable of extending the blast length.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In civil engineering construction sites, excavation of the ground by blasting to create a space having a predetermined shape and size (hereinafter referred to as blasting excavation) is frequently performed.
Usually, blast excavation is performed by excavating a blast hole having a predetermined depth and size at a predetermined position using a drilling machine, and exploding the explosive inserted into the blast hole.
[0003]
An SB (smooth blasting) method as an example of this blast excavation method will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view for explaining the positions of the blast holes 5 in the conventional SB method, and FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the face 2 of FIG.
In the SB method, a plurality of blast holes 5 are drilled by using a drilling machine such as a drill jumbo 100 from the entire peripheral edge 2a of the face 2 of the underground cavity 1 to the design side surface 1a of the underground cavity 1, and this blast hole By exploding the explosive charged in the area, the area to be excavated from the ground is blasted so as to be separated (SB effect) on the design side 1a.
According to this SB method, it is not necessary to blast (crush) the entire area to be excavated with a large amount of explosive energy, so there is little damage to the remaining ground, and the finish of the excavated wall surface is smooth and unobstructed. Fewer stones are required.
In addition, the construction speed is improved substantially in proportion to the blasting length L of the blasting hole 5.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the SB method, it is desirable to excavate the blast hole 5 completely along the design side surface 1a in order to reduce the amount of overburden and reduce damage to the ground.
However, the drilling machine 101 of the drill jumbo 100 has a structure in which the drilling part 101b that is the tip part and actually drills in contact with the ground is narrower than the drive part 101a that drives the drilling part 101b. The perforated part 101b cannot be brought into contact with the peripheral edge 2a of the face 2 while being kept horizontal.
For this reason, in order to perform blasting excavation completely including the planned area, it is necessary to drill the blasting hole 5 at an angle (insertion angle (phi)) as shown in FIG.
Therefore, also in the SB method, the blast hole 5 was drilled deeper in the radial direction than the design side surface 1a, and therefore, the surplus amount d1 was not 0, but was generated by about L × tan (φ).
As can be seen from the above contents, the amount of surplus digging d1 increases as the blasting length L is increased and may exceed the allowable limit. Therefore, the length of the blasting length L is limited.
Therefore, it has been difficult to take advantage of the characteristics of the SB method of improving construction speed by blasting long holes.
[0005]
In view of the above circumstances, to provide a blast excavation method capable of extending the blast length L and improving the construction speed by devising the arrangement of the blast holes and reducing the amount of overburden than before. Objective.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is directed to the inside of the cross section of the excavation area so as to surround at least the design side surface (1a) of the excavation area from the inner wall of the underground cavity (1) (for example, the face 2) to the back. From each of the explosives filled with explosives, and further exploding these explosives, blasting and excavating the excavation area so as to separate from the ground, In the blasting excavation method, the blasting hole is perforated so as to surround the design side surface, and the perforation depth of the innermost blasting hole (for example, blasting hole 4...) Located on the innermost side in the cross-sectional radial direction is blasted. The deepest part of the remaining blast hole including the outermost blast hole (for example, blast hole 3...) Equal to the length and including the outermost blast hole is located on the inner side in the cross-sectional radial direction than the deepest part of the innermost blast hole. To make Characterized by shallow drilling depth of the remaining blasthole.
[0007]
In the present invention , like the innermost blast hole, by moving the piercing position of the blast hole toward the inner diameter side, the amount of surplus at the same insertion angle and blast length can be reduced by the amount of movement. . Here, there is a portion in the vicinity of the outer peripheral end portion on the near side of the excavation region that cannot be excavated only by the innermost blast hole, but this portion can also be blasted by providing the remaining blast hole. Further, the remaining blasting hole is drilled shallower than the innermost blasting hole, and the deepest part of the blasting hole is located on the inner side in the cross-sectional radial direction from the deepest part of the innermost blasting hole. Does not increase even if the remaining blast holes are provided. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of overburden in the same blast length. In addition, when it is not necessary to reduce the amount of overburden, the blast length per one can be extended, so that the construction speed can be improved and the excavation cost can be reduced.
[0008]
Blasting excavation method of the present invention, the pre-Symbol innermost blasthole, perforated so that the position in the cross-sectional diameter direction of the deepest portion is coincident with the position in the cross-sectional diameter direction of the deepest portion of the outermost blasthole, also, the The positions of the blast holes between the innermost blast hole and the outermost blast hole at equal intervals and in the cross-sectional radial direction of the deepest part are all positions in the cross-sectional radial direction of the deepest part of the outermost blast hole. May be perforated to match. In this case, since the excavation region is blast excavated in the same cross-sectional shape in the entire region, the blast side surface becomes smooth.
[0009]
Note that in the originating fracture drilling method described above, the to blasting borehole may be provided in double, may be provided to overlap more. In addition, when the underground cavity is a tunnel, the outermost blast hole is excavated from the peripheral edge of the face to the back, so the amount of surplus decreases as the hole length of the outermost blast hole is shorter it can. Therefore, when the number of overlapping the previous SL blasthole is n, the order hole length of the outermost blasthole is to be 1 / n times the hole length of the innermost blasthole, YoHoriri The more by increasing the n The amount decreases.
[0010]
Further, blasting excavation method of the present invention, the pre-Symbol blasthole for blasthole located one outside the emitting Yabuana may be drilled so that alternate in the circumferential direction. In this case, the explosives inside the innermost blast hole and the other blast holes uniformly destroy the ground along the design side surface, so that blast excavation along the design side surface can be performed more reliably.
[0011]
In the blasting excavation method described above, the outermost blasting hole located on the outermost side in the cross-sectional radial direction is charged over the entire length, and the other blasting holes are deeper than the outermost blasting hole. It is characterized by charging only the part in
[0012]
According to the present invention , the other blast hole is not charged with an explosive as a whole, but the other blast hole is charged only in a portion deeper than the outer blast hole. Excavation using the SB effect can be performed with minimal explosion. Therefore, the impact on the ground is minimal.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an example of the blast excavation method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the arrangement of the blast holes 3... And the blast holes 4 in the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of the face 2 of FIG.
[0014]
In the present embodiment, first, using a drill jumbo 100, blast holes 3 are drilled in the peripheral portion 2a of the face 2 of the underground cavity 1 at the same positions as the blast holes 5 of the conventional example. Here, the blasting holes 3 are drilled at an insertion angle φ with the blasting hole 5, but the length is ½ L which is half of the blasting hole 5.
[0015]
Further, in the peripheral edge 2a, the blasting holes 4 are bored at the inner diameter side with respect to the blasting holes 3 and so on, for example, at the same insertion angle φ so as to be alternated with the blasting holes 3 in the circumferential direction.
Here, preferably, as shown in FIG. 1, by setting the piercing position of the blasting holes 4 to the inner diameter side from the blasting hole 3 to d 2 = L / 2 × tanφ, the deepest part of the blasting hole 3. The radial position is matched with the radial position of the deepest part of the blast holes 4. As a result, the radial position of the deepest part of the blast holes 3... 4 is half that of the conventional example.
[0016]
Next, an explosive is charged in the blasting holes 3... And the blasting holes 4.
Here, the explosive is charged over the entire length of the blasting holes 3... The explosive is charged only into the inner part 4 a of the blasting holes 4.
As a result, the explosive is loaded in a single manner from the face 2 to the depth L.
[0017]
Thereafter, the explosives in the blast holes 3... And the holes 4 a.
[0018]
Here, since the explosion occurs from the face 2 to the depth L portion, the excavation progresses to the depth L by one blasting.
At this time, the blasting holes 3 and the blasting holes 4 are d 2 = 1/2 × d1, that is, only half of the conventional example in the radial direction from the design side surface 1a. Half the conventional one.
[0019]
As described above, in the blasting excavation method according to one embodiment of the present invention, the depth 2 is half of the blasting hole 5... At the same position as the blasting hole 5. Blast holes 3 are drilled, and further, blast holes 4 of a depth L are drilled to the inner diameter side as d 2 of the blast holes 3, and the explosive loaded in these blast holes 3, 4. Since the underground cavities 1 are excavated using the SB effect, the blasting hole 3 ... and the blasting holes 4 ... In the direction, d 2 = 1/2 × d 1 from the design side surface 1a, that is, only half of the conventional example is in the back, so that the surplus amount is half of the conventional amount.
Therefore, according to the blast excavation method, the amount of surplus can be reduced to the half of the conventional one by reducing the shaded portion in FIG.
[0020]
Moreover, when the amount of surplus digging may be the same as the conventional example, the depth of the blast holes 3... 4 .. can be doubled to L and 2L, respectively, so that the excavation amount per blasting is 2L. In other words, it is double that of the prior art. Therefore, since the construction speed is double that of the conventional one, the excavation cost can be greatly reduced.
[0021]
Further, since the blasting holes 3 ... and the blasting holes 4 ... are alternately drilled, the explosives evenly destroy the ground along the design side surface 1a, so that the excavation proceeds more reliably along the design side surface 1a.
Further, since the blasting holes 4 are not charged with explosives as a whole, they are charged only in the back part 4a, so that excavation using the SB effect can be performed with a minimum explosion. Therefore, the impact on the ground is minimal.
[0022]
In addition, this invention is not limited to a present Example, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention, it can deform | transform arbitrarily.
For example, by making the length of the blast holes 4 shorter than 2L, the drilling position of the blast holes 4 may be shifted to the blast hole 3 side, that is, the outside.
The arrangement of the blast holes is not limited to the double structure of the blast holes 3 and the blast holes 4. Multiple blast holes may be further drilled inside the blast holes 4.
In this case, preferably, when the drilling angle of all the blast holes is φ, and the multiplicity of the blast holes is n, the drilling depth of the mth blast hole from the outside is m / n × L, The drilling position is set to the inner diameter side from the blasting hole 3 to L × m / n × tanφ.
Thereby, the radial position of the deepest part of the blasting holes 3 ... and the radial position of the deepest part of the blasting holes 4 ... coincide with each other, and the deepest part of the blasting holes 3, ..., ... The position in the radial direction is 1 / n of the conventional example.
Also, if the perforation position in the circumferential direction is also staggered from one blast hole located on the outer diameter side, the explosive will evenly destroy the ground along the design side surface 1a as in this embodiment. The excavation proceeds more reliably along the design side surface 1a.
Furthermore, as in this example, the blasting hole 3 is charged with an explosive over the entire length, and in the other blasting holes, by charging only the portion located behind the blasting hole on the outer side, Excavation using the SB effect can be performed with the minimum explosion required. Therefore, the impact on the ground is minimal.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention , like the innermost blast hole, by moving the piercing position of the blast hole toward the inner diameter side, the amount of surplus at the same insertion angle and blast length can be reduced by the amount of movement. Can do. Further, by drilling the remaining blast hole for blasting near the outer peripheral end near the excavation area shallower than the innermost blast hole, the deepest part of the blast hole is the innermost blast hole. Since it is located inside the cross-sectional diameter direction from the deepest part, the amount of surplus digging does not increase even if the remaining blast holes are provided. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of overburden in the same blast length. In addition, when it is not necessary to reduce the amount of overburden, the blast length per one can be extended, so that the construction speed can be improved and the excavation cost can be reduced.
[0024]
Further, according to the present invention , since the excavation area is blasted and excavated in the same cross-sectional shape in the entire region, the blasting side surface becomes smooth. Furthermore, when the underground cavity is a tunnel, the outermost blast hole is excavated from the peripheral edge of the face to the back, so the amount of surplus decreases as the hole length of the outermost blast hole is shorter it can. Accordingly, when the number of overlapping blast holes is n, the outer blast hole length is 1 / n times the inner blast hole length. Decrease.
[0025]
Further, according to the present invention , the explosives inside the innermost blast hole and the other blast holes uniformly destroy the ground along the design side surface, so that the blast excavation along the design side surface can be performed more reliably. Yes.
[0026]
Further , according to the present invention , excavation using the SB effect can be performed with a minimum necessary explosion, and therefore the influence on the ground can be minimized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of blast holes 3 and blast holes 4 in an example of a blast excavation method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the face 2 of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the positions of blast holes 5 in the conventional SB method. .
4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the face 2 of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Underground cavity 1a Design side 2 Face (inner wall)
3 Blast hole (outermost blast hole)
4 Blast hole (innermost blast hole)

Claims (3)

地下空洞内壁から奥に向けて、少なくとも掘削領域の設計側面を囲むように、前記掘削領域の断面の内側から外側に向けて斜めに複数穿孔した発破孔にそれぞれ爆薬を充填し、さらに、これらの爆薬を爆発させることにより、前記掘削領域を、前記設計側面において地盤から切り離すように発破して掘削する、発破掘削工法において、
前記発破孔を、前記設計側面を多重に囲むように穿孔し、かつ、断面径方向において最内側に位置する最内発破孔の穿孔深さを発破長と等しくし、また、最外側に位置する最外発破孔を含んだ残りの発破孔の最深部が前記最内発破孔の最深部より断面径方向において内側に位置させるために、前記残りの発破孔の穿孔深さを浅くすると共に、
前記最内発破孔を、最深部の断面径方向における位置が、前記最外発破孔の最深部の断面径方向における位置と一致するように穿孔し、
前記最内発破孔と前記最外発破孔との間の発破孔を、等間隔に、かつ、最深部の断面径方向における位置が、すべて、前記最外発破孔の最深部の断面径方向における位置と一致するように穿孔すること、を特徴とする発破掘削工法。
From the inner wall of the underground cavity toward the back, at least the design side surface of the excavation area is surrounded, and each of the blast holes drilled obliquely from the inside to the outside of the cross section of the excavation area is filled with explosives. In the blasting excavation method, blasting and excavating the excavation area so as to separate from the ground on the design side by detonating explosives,
The blasting hole is perforated so as to surround the design side surface, and the innermost blasting hole located at the innermost side in the radial direction of the cross section is made equal to the blasting length and located at the outermost side. In order to position the deepest part of the remaining blasting hole including the outermost blasting hole inward in the cross-sectional radial direction from the deepest part of the innermost blasting hole, the drilling depth of the remaining blasting hole is made shallow ,
Drilling the innermost blasting hole so that the position in the cross-sectional radial direction of the deepest part matches the position in the cross-sectional radial direction of the deepest part of the outermost blasting hole,
The blast holes between the innermost blast hole and the outermost blast hole are equally spaced, and the positions in the cross-sectional radial direction of the deepest part are all in the cross-sectional radial direction of the deepest part of the outermost blast hole. A blast excavation method characterized by drilling to match the position .
請求項1に記載の発破掘削工法において、前記発破孔を、該発破孔より一つ外側に位置する発破孔に対して、円周方向に互い違いとなるように掘削することを特徴とする発破掘削工法。The blasting excavation method according to claim 1 , wherein the blasting hole is excavated so as to be staggered in a circumferential direction with respect to a blasting hole located one outside of the blasting hole. Construction method. 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の発破掘削工法において、前記最外発破孔には全長にわたって装薬し、他の発破孔においては、その一つ外側の発破孔より奥にある部分にのみ装薬すること、を特徴とする発破掘削工法。 3. The blasting excavation method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the outermost blasting hole is charged over the entire length, and the other blasting holes are loaded only in a portion deeper than the outer blasting hole. Blasting excavation method characterized by medicine.
JP19201799A 1999-07-06 1999-07-06 Blast excavation method Expired - Fee Related JP4216957B2 (en)

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CN105890478B (en) * 2016-04-28 2017-12-22 何满潮 A kind of back orients presplitting joint-cutting method
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