KR19980074870A - Manufacturing method of high strength high strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy by stabilization heat treatment - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of high strength high strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy by stabilization heat treatment Download PDFInfo
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- KR19980074870A KR19980074870A KR1019970010866A KR19970010866A KR19980074870A KR 19980074870 A KR19980074870 A KR 19980074870A KR 1019970010866 A KR1019970010866 A KR 1019970010866A KR 19970010866 A KR19970010866 A KR 19970010866A KR 19980074870 A KR19980074870 A KR 19980074870A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
1. 청구범위에 기재된 발명이 속한 기술분야1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
본 발명은 안정화 열처리에 의한 자동차 차체용 고성형성 고강도 알루미늄-마그네슘-실리콘계 합금 판재의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for producing a highly formed high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet for automobile body by stabilization heat treatment.
2. 발명이 해결하려고 하는 기술적 과제2. The technical problem to be solved by the invention
Al-Mg-Si합금이 유통과정의 소요시간 변화에 따라 기계적 성질이 변화하게 되어 프레스 성형의 불균일성을 야기하고 자동차 제작 관련 업체에서 수행하는 소부경화처리 공정에서 기계적 물성을 최대로 얻지 못함.As Al-Mg-Si alloy changes its mechanical properties according to the change of distribution time, it causes non-uniformity of press molding and fails to obtain the maximum mechanical properties in the baking hardening process performed by automobile manufacturing companies.
3. 발명의 해결방법의 요지3. Summary of Solution to Invention
Mg, Si 그리고, Mn과 Zr원소도 첨가하고 균질화 처리 공정과 용체화 처리공정, 안정화 열처리으로 구성된 본 발명에 의해 해결됨.Solved by the present invention consisting of Mg, Si and Mn and Zr elements, homogenization process, solution treatment process, and stabilization heat treatment.
4. 발명의 중요한 용도4. Important uses of the invention
강판에 필적한 정도의 고성형성과 고강도의 성질을 가지게 되고 재료의 기계적 성질의 안정화를 도모하여 차체의 경량화를 기할 수 있음.It has high formability and high strength that is comparable to steel sheet, and can stabilize the mechanical properties of materials to reduce the weight of the car body.
Description
본 발명은 알루미늄 합금에 관한 것으로 구체적으로 안정화 열처리에 의한 자동차 차체용 고성형성 고강도 알루미늄-마그네슘-실리콘계 합금 판재의 제조방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an aluminum alloy, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing a high-strength high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy sheet material for automobile bodies by a stabilization heat treatment.
최근 자동차 제조관련 업계에서는 자동차의 연비향상 및 차량의 경량화를 위해 기존의 강판을 대체할 수 있는 알루미늄 합금 판재 개발에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다.Recently, the automobile manufacturing industry has been actively researching the development of aluminum alloy plate that can replace the existing steel sheet for improving the fuel economy of the vehicle and the weight of the vehicle.
차체용 알루미늄 합금 판재는 크게 대별하면 비열처리계 합금인 Al-Mg계의 5000계합금과 열처리 합금인 Al-Mg-Si계의 6000계 합금으로 나눌 수 있다. Al-Mg계의 5000계 합금은 성형성을 향상시킨 소재로 주로 차체 내판재로 사용되며, Al-Mg-Si계이 6000계 합금은 강도를 향상시킨 소재로 주로 차체 외판재로 사용된다.The aluminum alloy sheet for a car body can be roughly divided into an Al-Mg-based 5000 alloy which is a non-heat treatment alloy and an 6000-based alloy of an Al-Mg-Si which is a heat treatment alloy. Al-Mg-based 5000 alloy is a material that improves formability, and is mainly used as a vehicle inner plate material. Al-Mg-Si-based alloy is a material that improves strength and is mainly used as a vehicle body plate material.
제 1 도의 제조공정 순서도에서 보면 압연공장에서 용체화처리 공정이 끝난 알루미늄 합금 판재가 자동차 제작 관련업체에서의 프레스 성형시까지는 필연적으로 시간지체가 있게 된다. 이러한 시간지체에 따른 Al-Mg-Si 합금의 자연시효 현상은 소재의 기계적 물성이 유통과정의 소요시간 변화에 따라 변화함을 의미한다. 이러한 기계적 성질 변화는 결과적으로 프레스 성형의 불균일성을 야기할 뿐만 아니라, 자동차 제작 관련 업체에서 수행하는 소부경화처리 공정에서 기계적 물성을 최대로 얻지 못하는 문제점이 있다.In the manufacturing process flow chart of FIG. 1, the aluminum alloy sheet after the solution treatment process is rolled in a rolling mill, and there is an inevitable time delay until press molding is performed in a vehicle manufacturing company. The natural aging of Al-Mg-Si alloys due to this time delay means that the mechanical properties of the material change with changes in the time required for the distribution process. This change in mechanical properties not only causes non-uniformity of press molding, but also has a problem in that the maximum mechanical properties are not obtained in the baking hardening process performed by automobile manufacturing companies.
본 발명은 상기 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로 종래의 차체 재료인 강판에 필적할 정도의 고성형성을 가지면서 고강도의 성질을 극대화시킨 자동차 차체 외판재용 Al-Mg-Si계의 6000계 합금 판재의 강도와 연성을 개선하기 위한 제조법을 제공함으로써 재료의 기계적 성질의 안정화를 도모하여 차체의 경량화를 기하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, Al-Mg-Si-based 6000-based alloy sheet material for automobile body panels for automobile body body material having a high formability comparable to the steel sheet which is a conventional vehicle body material, maximizing high strength properties The purpose of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for improving the strength and ductility, to stabilize the mechanical properties of the material to reduce the weight of the vehicle body.
이와 같은 목적은, Al-Mg-Si계 합금에서 Mg, Si의 원소 함량을 증가시키고 특히 여분의 Si량을 기존합금에 비해 증가시키면서 Mn과 Zr원소도 첨가하고 균질화 처리 공정과 용체화 처리공정 그리고, 안정화 열처리 공정으로 구성된 본 발명의 고성형성 고강도 알루미늄-마그네슘-실리콘 합금의 제조방법에 의해서 달성될 수 있는 바, 첨부된 도면을 참조로하여 이하에 상세히 설명한다.The purpose is to increase the elemental content of Mg and Si in Al-Mg-Si alloys, and to add Mn and Zr elements, in particular to increase the amount of extra Si compared to conventional alloys, , Can be achieved by the method of manufacturing a high-strength high-strength aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy of the present invention constituted by a stabilization heat treatment process, will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
제 1 도는 종래의 제조공정에 본 발명에 따른 안정화 열처리공정을 적용한 제조공정 순서도.1 is a manufacturing process flow chart applying the stabilization heat treatment process according to the present invention in the conventional manufacturing process.
제 1 도는 자동차 차체 외판재용 Al-Mg-Si계 합금의 종래 제조공정에 본 발명의 안정된 열처리공정이 적용되는 위치를 나타낸 공정 순서도이며, 여기서 보면 알루미늄 합금 판재가 압연공장에서 생산되어 이를 자동차 제작관련 업체에 공급하여 알루미늄 합금 차체 자동차가 완성되기까지의 주요 제조공정들이 열거되어 있다.1 is a process flow chart showing the position where the stable heat treatment process of the present invention is applied to a conventional manufacturing process of the Al-Mg-Si-based alloy for automobile body panels, in which an aluminum alloy sheet is produced in a rolling mill and related to automobile manufacturing Listed the main manufacturing processes from the supplier to the completion of the aluminum alloy car.
본 발명의 Al-Mg-Si계 합금의 제조방법은, Mg 함량을 0.5wt%에서 1.0wt%까지로 하고, Si함량을 0.5wt%에서 2.0wt%까지로 하며, Mn함량은 최대 0.5wt%까지 함유하고 Zr함량을 최대 0.3wt%까지 함유시킨 용탕을 통상의 방법으로 용해 및 주조하는 공정과, 상기 공정에서 얻어진 잉고트(Ingot) 또는 슬라브를 440~600℃에서 8~24시간 균질화 처리를 하는 공정과, 열간 및 냉간압연을 거쳐 소정의 두께를 갖는 판재를 만든 후, 500~600℃의 온도 범위로 급속 가열하여 용체화 처리를 행하는 공정과, 자연시효에 따른 문제점을 제거하기 위하여 100~160℃의 온도에서 5초~15분간 유지시킨 후 냉각시키는 안정화 열처리 공정으로 구성되어 있다.In the method for producing Al-Mg-Si alloy of the present invention, the Mg content is 0.5wt% to 1.0wt%, the Si content is 0.5wt% to 2.0wt%, and the Mn content is at most 0.5wt%. Melting and casting the molten metal containing up to 0.3 wt% of Zr in a conventional manner, and homogenizing the ingot or slab obtained in the above process at 440 to 600 ° C. for 8 to 24 hours. Process, hot and cold rolling to make a plate having a predetermined thickness, and then rapidly heated to a temperature range of 500 ~ 600 ℃ to perform a solution treatment, and to eliminate the problems caused by natural aging 100 ~ 160 It consists of the stabilization heat treatment process which hold | maintains for 5 to 15 minutes at the temperature of C, and then cools.
이하 본 발명에 따른 고강도와 고성형성을 갖는 자동차용 알루미늄 합금 판재의 성분과 그 비율을 한정한 이유를 상세히 설명하였다.Hereinafter, the components of the aluminum alloy sheet for automobiles having high strength and high formability according to the present invention and the reason for limiting the ratio thereof have been described in detail.
Mg은 알루미늄에서 Si과 결합하여 Mg2Si를 형성하여 충분한 강도를 부여하는데 필요한 원소이다. 그 함량이 0.5wt%미만이면 Si과 결합하여 성형되는 Mg2Si량이 충분하지 못하여 자동차 차체에 필요한 강도를 얻을 수 없으며, 1.5wt%를 초과하면 그 합금은 과도한 Mg2Si량으로 인성이 떨어져 성형시 균열이 발생하기 쉽다.Mg is an element necessary to provide sufficient strength by combining with Si in aluminum to form Mg 2 Si. If the content is less than 0.5wt%, the amount of Mg 2 Si formed by combining with Si is not sufficient, and the strength required for the automobile body cannot be obtained. If the content exceeds 1.5wt%, the alloy has low toughness due to excessive Mg 2 Si. Cracks are likely to occur
Si은 알루미늄에서 Mg과 결합하여 Mg2Si를 형성하여 고강도를 얻기 위해 필요한 원소이다. 그 양이 0.5% 미만이면 소부경화처리를 행하여도 충분한 강도를 얻을 수 없으며, 2.0%를 초과하면 균질화 처리후에서 Al기지내에 충분히 고용되지 않아서 연성이 떨어져 성형시 균열이 발생하기 쉽다.Si is an element necessary to obtain high strength by combining with Mg in aluminum to form Mg 2 Si. If the amount is less than 0.5%, sufficient strength cannot be obtained even by baking hardening treatment. If the amount is more than 2.0%, cracking will not easily occur due to poor ductility due to insufficient solid solution after Al homogenization treatment.
Mn과 Zr은 강도를 향상시키고 결정립을 미세화시켜서 성형성을 향상시킨다. 그러나 Mn은 0.4%, Zr은 0.3%를 초과하면 조대한 금속간 화합물을 형성시켜 성형성을 저하시킨다.Mn and Zr improve the formability by improving the strength and miniaturizing the grains. However, when Mn exceeds 0.4% and Zr exceeds 0.3%, coarse intermetallic compounds are formed to deteriorate formability.
이하에 본 발명의 알루미늄 합금 판재 제조방법에 대하여 상세히 기술하였다. 알루미늄 합금 잉고트 또는 슬라브를 440~600℃에서 8~24시간 균질화 처리를 하는 이유는 주조시 형성된 Mg2Si, Al3Zr, Al6Mn 등의 금속간 화합물을 알루미늄내에 고용시켜 균질한 조직을 얻을 수 있기 때문이다. 균질화 처리가 600℃이상인 경우 공정의 용융으로 성형성이 저하되고 440℃ 이하인 경우는 기지내 석출물의 고용이 충분히 이루어지지 않아 소부경화처리시 고강도를 얻을 수 없게 된다. 처리시간이 8시간 이하이면 균일한 조직을 얻을 없고 24시간을 초과하는 경우는 경제성이 떨어지기 때문이다.Hereinafter, the aluminum alloy sheet manufacturing method of the present invention has been described in detail. The reason for homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot or slab at 440 ~ 600 ℃ for 8 ~ 24 hours is to dissolve the intermetallic compounds such as Mg 2 Si, Al 3 Zr, Al 6 Mn formed in casting into aluminum to obtain homogeneous structure. Because it can. If the homogenization treatment is 600 ° C or higher, the moldability decreases due to the melting of the process, and if it is 440 ° C or lower, the solid solution in the matrix is not sufficiently formed so that high strength cannot be obtained during the baking treatment. This is because if the treatment time is 8 hours or less, a uniform structure is not obtained, and if the treatment time is longer than 24 hours, the economy is inferior.
상기 열간 및 냉간압연공정을 거쳐 소정의 두께로 성형한 판재를 500~600℃의 온도범위로 급속가열하여 일정시간 유지후 상온으로 급속냉각하여 용체화 처리를 행하는 이유는, 이러한 조건에서 결정립을 조정하고 Mg2Si 등의 석출물을 Al기지내에 고용시켜서 연성을 향상시키고 소부경화처리시 고강도를 얻기 위해서이다.The reason why the plate material formed to a predetermined thickness through the hot and cold rolling process is rapidly heated to a temperature range of 500 to 600 ° C. and maintained for a certain time and then rapidly cooled to room temperature to perform the solution treatment is performed. In order to improve the ductility by obtaining solid solution of Mg 2 Si or the like in the Al base and to obtain high strength during baking hardening treatment.
안정화 열처리를 용체화처리후 바로 100~160℃의 온도에서 5초~15분간 유지시킨 후 냉각시키는 것은 용체화처리후 바로 대기중에 방치하게 되면 과잉의 공공과 용질상태의 Mg, Si 등의 원소가 클러스터(Cluster)를 지속적으로 형성하여 기계적 성질의 변화를 초래할 뿐만 아니라 소부경화처리시 충분한 강도를 얻지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 안정화 열처리에 의해 이러한 클러스터(Cluster)의 형성을 방지하고, 시효처리시 강화의 주역할을 하는 β 석출물의 핵생성을 조장하여 소부경화처리시 고강도 고성형성의 판재를 얻을 수 있다.After stabilizing heat treatment for 5 seconds to 15 minutes at the temperature of 100 ~ 160 ℃ immediately after the solution treatment and cooling is left in the air immediately after the solution treatment, elements such as Mg, Si in the excess void and solute state The continuous formation of the cluster (Cluster) not only causes a change in the mechanical properties, but also has a problem that does not obtain sufficient strength during the hardening treatment. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the formation of such clusters by stabilization heat treatment and to promote the nucleation of β precipitates that play a role of reinforcement during aging treatment, thereby obtaining high strength high formability sheet during baking treatment.
상기 안정화 열처리 온도를 100℃ 이하로 하면 과잉의 공공과 용질상태의 Mg, Si 등의 원소가 클러스터(Cluster)를 형성하는 것을 억제하지 못하고, 160℃ 이상으로 하면 석출강화의 주역할을 하는 β 석출물이 석출하여 성형성을 저하시킨다. 유지시간은 5초이하로 하면 β 석출물의 핵생성이 불안정하고, 15분이상이면 양산시 경제성이 떨어진다.If the stabilization heat treatment temperature is 100 ° C or lower, the elements such as Mg, Si, etc. in excess of pores and solutes do not inhibit the formation of clusters. If the temperature is 160 ° C or higher, β precipitates play a major role in precipitation strengthening. This precipitates and reduces moldability. If the holding time is 5 seconds or less, the nucleation of β precipitates is unstable, and if it is 15 minutes or more, the economic efficiency of mass production is inferior.
성형부품에 대하여 도장후의 소부경화처리는 종래의 자동차 공정에서 채택하고 있는 170~180℃에서 20~30분간 유지하는 공정으로 알루미늄 판재의 고강도화를 달성하게 되는데, 안정화 열처리를 하지 않은 소재는 공공과 용질상태의 Mg, Si 등의 원소가 클러스터(Cluster)를 형성하여 소부처리공정에서 β 석출물 형성을 위한 구동력이 저하되어 상대적으로 고강도를 얻을 수 없지만, 안정화 열처리를 행한 소재는 이러한 클러스터의 형성을 방지하고 시효처리시 강화의 주역할을 하는 β 석출물의 핵생성을 조장하여 소부경화시 고강도 고성형성의 판재를 얻을 수 있다.The hardening treatment after the coating on the molded parts is a process that is maintained for 20 to 30 minutes at 170 to 180 ° C, which is adopted in a conventional automobile process, to achieve a high strength of the aluminum sheet. Although elements such as Mg and Si in a state form clusters, the driving force for forming β precipitates in the baking process decreases, so that a relatively high strength cannot be obtained, but the material subjected to stabilization heat treatment prevents the formation of such clusters. Enhancing the nucleation of β precipitate, which plays a role of reinforcement during aging treatment, it is possible to obtain a high strength high formability sheet during baking.
본 발명에 따른 Al-Mg-Si계 합금에 관해서 실시예에 의해 더욱 상세하게 설명한다.The Al-Mg-Si-based alloy according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
[실시예]EXAMPLE
표 1에 표시된 조성범위가 알루미늄 합금을 용융하고 주조하여 잉고트를 제조하였다.Ingot was prepared by melting and casting the aluminum alloy composition range shown in Table 1.
[표 1]TABLE 1
각 잉고트를 440~600℃에서 8~24시간 균질화 처리를 한 후 통상의 방법으로 열간 및 냉간압연을 하여 1㎜두께의 판재를 얻었다. 그후에 500~600℃의 온도범위로 급속가열하여 일정시간 유지후 상온으로 급속냉각하여 용체화 처리를 행하였다.Each ingot was subjected to homogenization at 440 to 600 ° C. for 8 to 24 hours, and then hot and cold rolled in the usual manner to obtain a sheet having a thickness of 1 mm. Subsequently, the solution was rapidly heated to a temperature range of 500 to 600 ° C., maintained for a predetermined time, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature to conduct a solution treatment.
용체화 처리후 대기중에 방치했을 때 표 1의 3번 시편에 대한 자연시효에 따른 대기중 방치시간별 기계적 성질변화를 표 2에 나타내었다.Table 2 shows the changes in mechanical properties with time of incubation in accordance with the natural aging of specimen No. 3 when left in the atmosphere after solution treatment.
[표 2(표 1의 3번 시편의 기계적 성질변화)]Table 2 (Changes in Mechanical Properties of Specimen No. 3 in Table 1)
상기 표 2에 나타난 바와 같이 대기중 방치시 자연시효 현상에 의해 용체화 처리후 3개월(압연판재 제조후 프레스 성형시까지 일반적인 대기중에서의 방치기간)까지 기계적 성질의 현저한 변화로 알루미늄 판재의 프레스 성형시 안정적 조업을 수행하기가 힘들다는 것이 입증된다.As shown in Table 2 above, press molding of aluminum sheet with a significant change in mechanical properties up to 3 months after solution treatment by natural aging at the time of standing in the air (until the normal stand-by period in the atmosphere until the press molding after rolling plate production) It proves difficult to carry out stable operation.
다음으로, 본 발명의 제조방법에 의해 용체화 처리후 100~160℃의 온도범위로 급속가열하여 5초에서 15분동안 유지시켜 안정화 열처리를 행하였다.Next, after the solution treatment by the production method of the present invention was rapidly heated to a temperature range of 100 ~ 160 ℃ and maintained for 5 seconds to 15 minutes to perform a stabilization heat treatment.
안정화 열처리와 소부경화처리에 따른 기계적 성질변화를 표 1의 3번 합금과 5번 합금에 대하여 행한 결과를 표 3와 표 4에 각각 나타내었다.Changes in mechanical properties of the stabilization heat treatment and baking hardening treatments are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.
[표 3(표 1의 3번 시편)]Table 3 (Psalm 3 in Table 1)
범례 T4 : 용체화처리Legend T4: Solution Treatment
N.A : 자연시효(대기중 방치) 3개월N.A: 3 months of natural aging
A1 : 120℃에서 5분간 안정화 열처리A1: 5 minutes stabilization heat treatment at 120 ° C
A2 : 150℃ 5분간 안정화 열처리A2: 150 ° C 5 minutes stabilization heat treatment
B.H. : 소부경화처리(180℃에서 30분간 시효처리)B.H. : Curing hardening (aging treatment at 180 ℃ for 30 minutes)
[표 4(표 1의 5번 시편)]Table 4 (Psalm 5 in Table 1)
범례 T4 : 용체화처리Legend T4: Solution Treatment
N.A : 자연시효(대기중 방치) 3개월N.A: 3 months of natural aging
A1 : 120℃에서 5분간 안정화 열처리A1: 5 minutes stabilization heat treatment at 120 ° C
A2 : 150℃ 5분간 안정화 열처리A2: 150 ° C 5 minutes stabilization heat treatment
B.H. : 소부경화처리(180℃에서 30분간 시효처리)B.H. : Curing hardening (aging treatment at 180 ℃ for 30 minutes)
상기 표에 나타난 바와 같이 안정화 열처리에 의해 기계적 성질의 안정화를 얻고 소부경화처리시 강도가 20-40% 향상되었음을 알 수 있다.As shown in the above table, it can be seen that the stabilization of the mechanical properties was achieved by the stabilization heat treatment, and the strength was improved by 20-40% during the hardening treatment.
본 발명은, 종래의 차체 재료인 강판에 필적할 정도의 고성형성을 가지면서 고강도의 성질을 극대화시키는 효과가 있으며 차체 외판재용 Al-Mg-Si계의 6000계 합금 판재의 강도와 연성을 개선하여 재료의 기계적 성질의 안정화를 도모하여 결과적으로 차체의 경량화를 기할 수 있는 탁월한 효과가 있다.The present invention has the effect of maximizing the properties of high strength while having a high formability comparable to the steel sheet which is a conventional vehicle body material, and improves the strength and ductility of the Al-Mg-Si-based 6000-based alloy sheet for the body plate material The mechanical properties of the material can be stabilized, resulting in an excellent effect of reducing the weight of the vehicle body.
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KR102201131B1 (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2021-01-12 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Heat treatment method of Al-Mg-Si alloy |
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