KR19980013642A - Method of recovering monomers and dimers from plastic by-products or waste plastics - Google Patents

Method of recovering monomers and dimers from plastic by-products or waste plastics Download PDF

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KR19980013642A
KR19980013642A KR1019960032205A KR19960032205A KR19980013642A KR 19980013642 A KR19980013642 A KR 19980013642A KR 1019960032205 A KR1019960032205 A KR 1019960032205A KR 19960032205 A KR19960032205 A KR 19960032205A KR 19980013642 A KR19980013642 A KR 19980013642A
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recovering
catalyst
plastic
dimers
waste plastics
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김건중
윤조희
원영무
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윤조희
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Abstract

본 발명은 플라스틱 공장의 부산물이나 혹은 폐기된 플라스틱으로부터 원래의 원료인 모너머를 회수하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 파쇄한 폴리스티(스티로폴)을 촉매와 함께 혼합하여 열분해시켜 직접 스티렌 모너머를 고수율로 회수하는 제조 방법에 관한 것이다.More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for recovering a raw material, which is a by-product of a plastic plant or a waste plastics, and more particularly to a method of recovering a raw styrene monomer (pyrolysis product) In a high yield.

본 발명은 각종 촉매가 들어있는 반응기를 400-600℃의 온도로 유지하고 여기에 파쇄한 폴리스티렌(혹은 스티로폴)을 연속으로 공급하면서 처리하는 단계를 거쳐 얻어진 생성물을 냉각, 응축하여 회수하는 단계로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 폐폴리스티렌으로부터 스티렌 모너머와 다이머를 선택적으로 회수하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention comprises a step of maintaining a reactor containing various catalysts at a temperature of 400-600 占 폚 and treating the same while continuously supplying crushed polystyrene (or styropol), and cooling, condensing and recovering the product obtained To a method for selectively recovering styrene monomers and dimers from the waste polystyrene.

Description

플라스틱 부산물 또는 폐플라스틱으로부터 모너머와 다이머의 회수방법Method of recovering monomers and dimers from plastic by-products or waste plastics

본 발명은 플라스틱 공장의 부산물이나 혹은 폐기된 플라스틱으로부터 원래의 원료인 모너머와 다이머를 회수하는 방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 파쇄한 폴리스티렌(스티로폴)을 촉매와 함께 혼합하여 열분해시켜 직접 스티렌 모너머를 고수율로 회수하는 제조방법에 관한 것이다.More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for recovering monomers and dimers, which are original raw materials, from a plastic plant or from waste plastics, and more particularly, to a method for recovering polystyrene (styropole) And recovering the product at a high yield.

열분해는 원료물질인 폐플라스틱을 무산소나 저산소 상태에서 가열 분해하는 것으로, 고분자폐기물을 열분해하는 목적은 원래의 원료인 저분자물질로 환원시키거나 용한 고가의 물질을 회수하는데 있다.Pyrolysis decomposes waste plastics, which are raw materials, in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen state, and pyrolysis of polymer waste is aimed at recovering high-priced materials that are reduced or dissolved into original low-molecular materials.

폐플라스틱 열분해공정의 장점은 양질의 생성물 회수와 이차오염의 감소를 들 수있다.The advantages of the waste plastic pyrolysis process include high quality product recovery and reduced secondary contamination.

일반적으로 알려진 선행기술은 폐플라스틱의 직접가열법과 간접가열법으로 나눌 수있다.Known prior arts can be divided into direct heating of waste plastics and indirect heating.

직접가열은 소량의 공기를 주입하여 원료물질의 일부를 연소시키고 이때 발생하는열로 나머지 원료를 분해하는 방법이다.Direct heating is a method of burning a part of raw material by injecting a small amount of air and decomposing the remaining raw material with heat generated at this time.

열이 직접 공급되므로 열효율은 높으나 연소 배가스에 의한 생성물의 희석과 오염이 문제가 된다.Since the heat is supplied directly, the thermal efficiency is high, but dilution and contamination of the product by the combustion exhaust gas becomes a problem.

이 방법은 주로 고온처리에 의한 원료용 가스회수의 일환으로 시도된다. 간접가열은 의부에서 열매체를 통하여 원료를 가열하는 방식으로 오염발생을 극소화시킬 수 있으나, 열공급 효율저하가 문제이며, 고온은 불리하므로 중, 저온에서처리하여 고급 원료유나 화학공업 원료의 회수함이 목표가 된다.This method is mainly attempted as part of gas recovery for raw materials by high temperature treatment. Indirect heating can minimize the occurrence of contamination by heating the raw material through the heating medium in the heating section, but it is a problem of lowering the efficiency of the heat supply and the high temperature is disadvantageous. Therefore, the high- do.

독일 함부르그 대학의 공정은 촉매사용 없이 직접 열분해만으로 방향족 화합물의회수율을 높이고자 하였으며, 열분해된 가스를 환류시켜 유동화하고 분리기에서 생성물을 회수하는 것이 특징이다.In the process of the University of Hamburg, Germany, the recovery of aromatic compounds was attempted only by direct pyrolysis without using a catalyst. The pyrolysis gas was refluxed to fluidize and recover the product from the separator.

이때 원료는 700℃ 이상의 고온으로 분해하고 질소를 유동화가스로 사용하지 않고분해가스를 직접 유동화가스로 사용함으로써 지방족화합물이 주로 생성되는 폴리올레핀의 열분해 생성물을 방향촉화합물로 유도하였으며, 생성물 중의 방향족 화합물의 수율을 30% 정도로 상승시켰다.At this time, the raw material is decomposed to a high temperature of 700 ° C. or more, and pyrolysis product of polyolefin, in which aliphatic compound is mainly produced, is directly used as a directional compound by using decomposition gas as a fluidizing gas without using nitrogen as a fluidizing gas. The yield was increased to about 30%.

Bertoli와 Fontainni는 용융염을 포함한 반응기에서 폴리스티렌을 처리하여 71%의스티렌 모너머를 회수하였다.Bertoli and Fontainni recovered 71% of styrene monomer by treating polystyrene in a reactor containing molten salt.

한편 일본의 북해도 공업개발시험소에서 폴리스티렌을 450℃에서 30kg/h 용량으로처리하였을 때, 오일생성물 중에는 62%의 스티렌 모너머가 포함되었다고 하며, 일휘사에서도 파쇄된 폐폴리스티렌을 480℃로 처리하여 75.3%의 오일을 회수한 바 있다.On the other hand, when polystyrene was treated at a temperature of 450 ° C at a rate of 30 kg / h in Hokkaido Industrial Development Laboratory in Japan, 62% of the styrene monomer was contained in the oil product, and the pulverized polystyrene was treated at 480 ° C in 75% % Of oil recovered.

국내에서는 선도원 등이 직경 74mm의 유동층 열분해장치를 사용하여 폴리스티렌으로부터 최대 59%의 스티렌 모너머를 회수하고 있다.In Korea, Leading Corporation has recovered up to 59% of styrene monomer from polystyrene using a fluidized bed pyrolyzer having a diameter of 74 mm.

이에 본 발명은 기존의 방법과는 달리 각종 염기성촉매가 들어 있는 반응기를 400-600℃의 온도로 유지하고 여기에 파쇄한 폴리스티렌(혹은 스티로폴)을 연속으로 공급하면서 처리하여 기존의 방법보다 월등히 높은 수율로 스티렌 모너머를 회수할 수 있다.Therefore, unlike the conventional method, the present invention maintains a reactor containing various basic catalysts at a temperature of 400-600 DEG C and treats the same while continuously supplying crushed polystyrene (or styropol) The styrene monomer can be recovered.

특히 생성물의 분포를 모너머나 다이머로만 한정시키므로써, 폐플라스틱을 다시 원료로 전환시키는데 그 목적이 있다.Especially, by limiting the distribution of products to monomers or dimers, it is aimed to convert waste plastics back into raw materials.

도 1은 폐플라스틱으로부터 촉매처리에 의해 스티렌 모너머를 회수하는 장치의 개략도1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for recovering styrene monomer from a waste plastic by catalytic treatment

본 발명은 플라스틱 부산물 또는 사용한 폐플라스틱을 촉매와 함께 열분해시키는 단계, 이어서 냉각 응축시키는 단계로하여 이루어진다.The present invention comprises pyrolysis of plastic by-products or spent waste plastics with the catalyst, followed by cooling and condensing.

도 1은 본 발명의 폴리스티렌으로부터 모너머 회수를 위한 장치의 개략도를 나타낸것으로 이에 따라 상세히 설명한다.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a device for recovering from polystyrene of the present invention, which will be described in detail.

질소가스 저장탱크(1)내의 질소가스는 가스의 공급량을 제어하는 유랑계(2)에 연결되고, 온도 제어기(3)가 연결된 가열로(4) 내에는 촉매(5)가 충진된 반응기가 내재되고, 촉매반응기(6)를 거친 생성물이 냉각, 응축되기 위한 냉각탑(7)이 설치되어있다.Nitrogen gas in the nitrogen gas storage tank 1 is connected to a traveling system 2 for controlling the supply amount of the gas and a reactor in which the catalyst 5 is filled is connected to the heating furnace 4 to which the temperature controller 3 is connected. And a cooling tower 7 for cooling and condensing the product passed through the catalytic reactor 6 is provided.

반응물인 폐플라스틱은 반응기 상부로부터 스크류식 공급기(8)에 의해 반응기 내로 투입된다.The waste plastic, which is a reactant, is introduced into the reactor from the upper part of the reactor by the screw feeder 8.

반응기 내에 들어간 폐플라스틱은 400-600℃로 가열되면 녹음과 동시에 촉매에 의해 분해되어 반응기 밖으로 유출된다.Waste plastic in the reactor is heated to 400-600 ℃ and decomposed by the catalyst at the same time as it is released out of the reactor.

촉매반응 조에서 400-600℃로 가열, 분해함에 있어 400℃ 이하의 온도에서는 분해가 매우 느려 반응시간이 지체되며,600℃ 이상의 온도에서는 과다한 열에너지의 공급에 비해 분해속도에 미치는 영향이 크지 않고 모너머의 회수율도 떨어져 그 이상의 온도는 불필요하다.In the case of heating and decomposing at 400-600 ℃ in the catalytic reaction tank, the decomposition is very slow at a temperature of 400 ° C or less, and the reaction time is delayed. At a temperature of 600 ° C or more, Beyond that, the recovery rate is low and no further temperature is required.

상기한 촉매(5)층을 통과하여 얻어진 모너머 및 다이머 등은 냉각탑(7)에서 응축되면서 회수된다.The monomers and dimers obtained through the above-mentioned catalyst (5) layer are condensed and recovered in the cooling tower (7).

본 발명에 사용되는 촉매는 MgO, CaO, BaO 중에서 선택한 염기성산화물, 상기 선택된 염기성산화물이 담지된 알루미나, Na, Ca, Ba 중에서 선택한 이온을 함유하는 제올라이트 중에서 선택하여 사용한다.The catalyst used in the present invention is selected from among basic oxides selected from among MgO, CaO and BaO, alumina containing the selected basic oxide, and zeolites containing ions selected from Na, Ca and Ba.

알루미나에 BaO, MgO, Ca0가 담지된 촉매를 제조함에 있어서는 알루미나 100 중량부에 대하여 염기성산파물 5-10 중량부가 되도록 하기 위해 수산화바륨 및 염하바륨 등을 용액으로 만들고 여기에 알루미나를 첨가하여 제조된다.In the production of a catalyst in which BaO, MgO, and CaO are supported on alumina, barium hydroxide and barium sulfate are prepared into a solution and added with alumina in order to make 5-10 parts by weight of basic acid wave with respect to 100 parts by weight of alumina .

이 촉매 수용액을 용액이 없어 질 때까지 가열, 건조시키고 400-600℃로 소성하여 염기성산화물이 담지된 알루미나 촉매를 얻게된다.The catalyst aqueous solution is heated to dryness until the solution disappears, and calcined at 400-600 ° C to obtain an alumina catalyst carrying a basic oxide.

MgO, CaO, BaO 촉매는 시판되는 시약을 그대로 사용하거나, MgCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3를 각각 900℃ 이상에서 소성하여 사용한다.MgO, CaO and BaO catalysts are commercially available reagents, or MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 and BaCO 3 are calcined at 900 ° C. or higher.

그리고, 제올라이트 Y에 Ca, Ba 이온을 담지함에 있어서는 제올라이트 100 그램에대하여 1 노르말 농도의 염산염 용액을 500m1 취하여 여기에 제올라이트를 첨가하고, 이 수용액을 상온에서 1일간 방치 시킨 후 여과, 건조 처리하여 얻는다.To carry Ca and Ba ions to zeolite Y, zeolite is added to take up 500 ml of a hydrochloride solution of 1 normal concentration per 100 grams of zeolite, and this aqueous solution is allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 day, followed by filtration and drying treatment .

Na형 제올라이트는 합성한 그대로 사용한다.Na type zeolite is used as it is synthesized.

다음은 실시예에 따라 설명한다.The following description will be made with reference to examples.

폴리스티렌(또는 스티로폴)을 적절한 크기로 분쇄하여 열분해조에 촉매와 함께 넣고 400-600℃로 촉매 분해시킨다.The polystyrene (or styropol) is pulverized to an appropriate size, put into the pyrolysis tank together with the catalyst, and catalyzed at 400-600 ° C.

이때 촉매를 가하지 않고 열분해하였고(종래발명), Mg0, CaO, Ba0 등의 염기성산화물 촉매와 Na, Ca, Ba 이온을 함유한 제올라이트, 염기성산화물이 담겨진 알루미나촉매를 폴리스티렌과 함께 넣어 처리한 결과는 (표 1)과 같다.At this time, pyrolysis was carried out without adding a catalyst (conventional invention), and the result of treatment with a basic oxide catalyst such as MgO, CaO, BaO, zeolite containing Na, Ca, Ba ion and an alumina catalyst containing basic oxide together with polystyrene Table 1 shows the results.

MgO(시료 1)와 Ca0 촉매(시료 2)를 사용하면 스티렌 모너머가 각각 65, 및 61%의 수율로 생성되었고, BaO 촉매(시료 3)에서는 73%가 회수되었다.When MgO (sample 1) and CaO catalyst (sample 2) were used, styrene monomers were produced in yields of 65 and 61%, respectively, and 73% in BaO catalyst (sample 3).

BaO 대신에 BaCO3분말(시료 4)을 촉매로 사용하면 스티렌 모너머의 생성율이 35%에 머물렀다.When BaCO 3 powder (Sample 4) was used as a catalyst instead of BaO, the yield of styrene monomers remained at 35%.

알루미나 촉매에 Ba0를 담지시켜 사용한 경우(시료 5)에는 모너머의 회수율이 79%까지 향상되었다.In the case of using Ba0 supported on the alumina catalyst (Sample 5), the recovery rate of monomers was improved to 79%.

한편 Na, Ca, Ba 이온을 함유한 제올라이트 촉매(시료 6-8)에 있어서는 스티렌 모너머의 생성율이 각각 57%,53% 및 59% 였다.On the other hand, in the zeolite catalyst containing Na, Ca and Ba ions (samples 6-8), the yields of styrene monomers were 57%, 53% and 59%, respectively.

생성물의 나머지 성분은 대부분 스티렌의 다이머로 유용한 화합물이다.The remaining components of the product are mostly compounds useful as dimers of styrene.

스티렌 다이머의 함량까지 포합하면, 이들 염기성 촉매 상에서 얻어지는 스티렌의수율은 최소 70% 이상이 되었다.When the content of styrene dimer is incorporated, the yield of styrene obtained on these basic catalysts is at least 70% or more.

염기성촉매를 사용하면 벤젠이나 인덴류가 거의 생성되지 않았으며, 촉매 상에 코크가 누적되는 양도 적고 수명도 매우 길어져서 연속적인 사용이 가능하였다.Using basic catalyst, benzene or indene was scarcely produced. Coke accumulation on the catalyst was small and lifetime became very long, so that continuous use was possible.

촉매반응 온도 : 500℃, 반응물 플라스틱 : 폴리스티렌Catalyst reaction temperature: 500 ° C, Reactant plastic: Polystyrene

이상에서와 같이 본 발명은 플라스틱 공장의 부산물이나 폐플라스틱을 가열된 상기 촉매에 반응시킴으로써 원래의 원료인 모너머, 다이머를 기존의 방법보다 고수율로 회수하여 폐자원을 재활용할 수 있다.As described above, the present invention can recover recycled waste resources by recovering the monomers and dimers, which are original raw materials, at a higher yield than the conventional methods, by reacting the by-products of waste plastics or waste plastics with the heated catalyst.

Claims (3)

플라스틱 부산물 또는 폐플라스틱을 촉매와 함께 열분해시기는 단계,The time of pyrolysis of the plastic by-product or the waste plastic with the catalyst is controlled by the step, 상기 얻어진 생성물을 냉각, 응축시키는 단계로하여 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 플라스틱 부산물 또는 폐플라스턱으로부터 모너머와 다이머의 회수방법.And cooling and condensing the obtained product. The method for recovering monomers and dimers from plastic by-products or waste plastics jaws. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method according to claim 1, 촉매 반응온도를 400-600℃로함을 특징으로 하는 폐플라스틱으로부터 모너머와 다이머의 회수방법.Wherein the catalytic reaction temperature is 400-600 占 폚. 제 1 항에 있어서,The method according to claim 1, 촉매가 Mg0, Ca0, Ba0 중에서 선택한 염기성산화물, 상기 선택된 염기성산화물이 담지된 알루미나, Na, Ca, Ba 중에서 선택한 이온을 함유하는 제올라이트 중에서 선택한 것임을 특징으로 하는 폐플라스틱으로부터 모너머와 다이머의 회수 방법.Wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of basic oxides selected from MgO, CaO and BaO, alumina containing the selected basic oxide, and zeolites containing ions selected from Na, Ca and Ba.
KR1019960032205A 1996-08-01 1996-08-01 Method of recovering monomers and dimers from plastic by-products or waste plastics KR19980013642A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20010087776A (en) * 2001-04-18 2001-09-26 김전열 distillation- emulsifying technology through catalyst
KR20020023472A (en) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-29 손재익 Catalyst for recycle of monomer from disused plastic of polyethylene origin
KR100330929B1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2002-07-18 박대원 Catalyst for waste plastic decomposition and catalytic cracking process using the same
KR20030045390A (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-11 김종복 Remaking charging and regenerative apparatus for abolished plastics
KR100549863B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2006-03-23 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 Process for recovering generated oil by pyrolysis of waste plastic using manganese dioxide
KR100710502B1 (en) 2005-06-09 2007-04-23 부산대학교 산학협력단 Catalytic degradation of waste polystyrene using pyrophyllite
KR101130337B1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2012-03-26 한국에너지기술연구원 Method of converting pyrolysis wax oil from municipal waste plastic into high-value light hydrocarbon

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100549863B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2006-03-23 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 Process for recovering generated oil by pyrolysis of waste plastic using manganese dioxide
KR100330929B1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2002-07-18 박대원 Catalyst for waste plastic decomposition and catalytic cracking process using the same
KR20020023472A (en) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-29 손재익 Catalyst for recycle of monomer from disused plastic of polyethylene origin
KR20010087776A (en) * 2001-04-18 2001-09-26 김전열 distillation- emulsifying technology through catalyst
KR20030045390A (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-11 김종복 Remaking charging and regenerative apparatus for abolished plastics
KR100710502B1 (en) 2005-06-09 2007-04-23 부산대학교 산학협력단 Catalytic degradation of waste polystyrene using pyrophyllite
KR101130337B1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2012-03-26 한국에너지기술연구원 Method of converting pyrolysis wax oil from municipal waste plastic into high-value light hydrocarbon

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