KR102642451B1 - The method of breeding Korean native cattle for reducing cold stress in Korean native cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a Korean beef feeding method for reducing low temperature stress of Korean beef,
Classifying the low-temperature stress stage of Korean beef using the temperature and humidity index; And it includes the step of processing Korean cattle according to the Korean cattle breeding management guidelines set for each stage of low-temperature stress of Korean cattle. The temperature and humidity index is calculated by the following equation, temperature and humidity index = 1.8 * Celsius temperature + 32-0.55 (1 - relative humidity /100) * (1.8 * Celsius temperature - 26), where relative humidity = (water vapor pressure / saturated water vapor pressure) * 100, and the low-temperature stress stage of Korean beef is classified into the following three stages, and stage 1 (stress threshold) stress is The temperature and humidity index is 31 to 36, level 2 (mild-moderate) stress has a temperature and humidity index of 26 to 30, and level 3 (moderate-severe) stress has a temperature and humidity index of 15 to 15. 25, in the breeding management guidelines for Korean cattle determined for each low-temperature stress stage of Korean cattle, the first stage (stress threshold) stress is a stage in which Korean cattle do not need to be subjected to feeding management due to low-temperature stress; The second stage (mild-moderate) stress is a stage in which Korean cattle are treated to manage the nutrient requirements of Korean cattle by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed; the third stage (moderate-severe) ) Stress) provides a treatment step for Korean cattle that controls the nutrient requirements of Korean cattle and the temperature inside the cattle shed by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed.

Description

Korean cattle breeding method for reducing cold stress in Korean cattle {The method of breeding Korean native cattle for reducing cold stress in Korean native cattle}

The present invention relates to a method for feeding Korean beef to reduce low-temperature stress in Korean beef.

In general, in the case of cattle sheds where Korean cattle are housed in a certain place, a large number of Korean cattle coexist in a small space, so the livestock are easily affected by changes in the external environment such as temperature and humidity, leading to a decrease in productivity. problems are likely to occur. Therefore, in Korean beef feeding, a feeding system that can reduce stress caused by changes in the external environment is required to improve productivity.

However, due to the conventional breeding and cultivation environment and the small size of the farms, it was difficult to apply expensive or high-quality Korean beef breeding systems.

Therefore, there has been an urgent need for even small-scale Korean beef farms to identify the level of low-temperature stress necessary for Korean beef production based on simple indicators such as temperature and humidity and to introduce a customized specification method that can reduce low-temperature stress accordingly.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1058807 (Registration date: August 23, 2011, Name: Livestock environment self-diagnosis and control method)

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for feeding Korean beef to reduce low-temperature stress in Korean beef.

The present invention provides a Korean beef feeding method for reducing low-temperature stress of Korean beef, comprising the steps of classifying the low-temperature stress stage of Korean beef using a temperature and humidity index; And it includes the step of processing Korean cattle according to the Korean cattle breeding management guidelines set for each stage of low-temperature stress of Korean cattle. The temperature and humidity index is calculated by the following equation, temperature and humidity index = 1.8 * Celsius temperature + 32-0.55 (1 - relative humidity /100) * (1.8 * Celsius temperature - 26), where relative humidity = (water vapor pressure / saturated water vapor pressure) * 100, and the low-temperature stress stage of Korean beef is classified into the following three stages, and stage 1 (stress threshold) stress is The temperature and humidity index is 31 to 36, level 2 (mild-moderate) stress has a temperature and humidity index of 26 to 30, and level 3 (moderate-severe) stress has a temperature and humidity index of 15 to 15. 25, in the guidelines for rearing and management of Korean cattle determined for each stage of low-temperature stress of Korean cattle, the first stage (stress threshold) stress is a stage in which Korean cattle do not need to be subjected to feeding management due to low-temperature stress; the second stage {mild-severe) (mild-moderate)} Stress is a stage in which Korean cattle are treated to manage their nutrient requirements by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed; the 3rd stage (moderate-severe) stress) is the management stage of controlling the nutrient requirements of Korean cattle by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed; By controlling the nutrient requirements for Korean cattle and controlling the temperature inside the cattle shed, it is provided as a treatment step for Korean cattle.

In the present invention, the adjustment of the mixing ratio of the feed can be adjusted to satisfy the nutrient requirements of Korean beef by adjusting the crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) content in the feed. there is.

In the present invention, management of controlling the temperature within the cowshed can be accomplished through one or more of replacing sawdust within the ventilated walls or floor of the cowshed and providing warm drinking water.

The Korean beef feeding method for reducing low-temperature stress of Korean beef according to the present invention allows even small Korean beef farms to determine the degree of low-temperature stress necessary for Korean beef feeding based on simple indicators such as temperature and humidity and reduce low-temperature stress accordingly. The productivity of small-scale Korean beef farms can be increased through customized specification methods.

Figure 1 is a road showing changes in metabolites in the blood of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, (A) GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT according to temperature and humidity index. (B) is a graph showing the change in concentration of (glutamate pyruvic transaminase), (B) is a graph showing the change in concentration of NEFA (Non esterified fatty acids) according to temperature and humidity index, and (C) is a graph showing the change in concentration of NEFA (Non esterified fatty acids) according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing the change in glucose concentration according to the temperature and humidity index.
Figure 2 is a graph showing changes in hematology among blood indicators of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, (A) is a graph showing changes in white blood cell (WBC) concentration according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing changes in white blood cell (WBC) concentration according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing the change in lymphocyte concentration according to the temperature and humidity index, and (C) is a graph showing the change in platelet concentration according to the temperature and humidity index.
Figure 3 is a graph showing changes in hormonal indicators in the blood of Korean beef according to the temperature and humidity index, and specifically, a graph showing the change in cortisol concentration according to the temperature and humidity index.
Figure 4 is a road showing changes in behavioral indicators of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index. (A) is a graph showing changes in heart rate according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing changes in rectal temperature according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing changes in temperature.
Figure 5 is a road showing changes in behavioral indicators of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, (A) is a graph showing change in feed intake according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing change in water intake according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing changes in intake.
Figure 6 is a road showing changes in behavioral indices of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index. (A) is a graph showing changes in standing and lying behavior according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing changes in behavior of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing the change in the number of ruminations.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples and may be modified and changed in various ways. Before explaining the present invention, if a detailed description of related known functions and configurations is judged to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the description thereof will be omitted.

The description below illustrates specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to easily practice the devices and methods described. Other embodiments may include other structural and logical variations. Individual components and functions may be selected generically, unless explicitly required, and the order of processes may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or replaced with other embodiments.

Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention disclosed in this specification are merely illustrative for the purpose of explaining the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention, and the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention are It may be implemented in various forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification, and includes all changes, equivalents, or substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

All data in the present invention were expressed using averages and errors. To test significance between each group, analysis was performed using Student's t-test and TURKEY Kramer's multiple comparison test using JMP 5.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Significance between data was defined as a difference between groups when the p value was less than 0.05.

Below, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention is a Korean beef feeding method for reducing low-temperature stress of Korean beef,

Classifying the low-temperature stress stage of Korean beef using the temperature and humidity index; and

It includes the step of processing Korean beef according to the Korean cattle breeding management guidelines established for each stage of low temperature stress of Korean cattle.

The temperature and humidity index is calculated by the following equation,

Temperature and humidity index = 1.8*Celsius temperature+32-0.55(1-relative humidity/100)*(1.8*Celsius temperature-26)

Here, relative humidity = (water vapor pressure/saturated water vapor pressure)*100,

The cold stress stage of Korean beef is classified into the following three stages,

Stage 1 (Stress Threshold) Stress has a temperature and humidity index of 31 to 36,

Level 2 {mild-moderate} stress has a temperature and humidity index of 26 to 30,

Level 3 (moderate-severe) stress has a temperature and humidity index of 15 to 25;

In the breeding management guidelines for Korean cattle determined by the cold stress stage of Korean cattle,

The first stage (stress threshold) stress is a stage in which Korean beef does not need to be subjected to feeding management due to low-temperature stress;

The second stage (mild-moderate) stress is a stage in which Korean cattle are treated to manage their nutrient requirements by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed;

The 3rd stage (moderate-severe) stress) provides the management step of controlling the nutrient requirements of Korean cattle by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed and controlling the temperature in the cattle shed.

In the above temperature and humidity index, the Celsius temperature refers to the Celsius temperature of the dry bulb of the beef rearing space, and the temperature and humidity index according to the Celsius temperature and relative humidity of the dry bulb temperature of the Korean beef rearing space are shown in Table 1 below.

[Table 1]

The term "low temperature" used in the present invention refers to a temperature corresponding to the range where the low temperature stress stage is classified as stage 1 to stage 3 in Table 1 above, and refers to a temperature corresponding to 2℃ to -15℃.

Example 1. Among the blood indicators of Korean beef according to temperature and humidity index of metabolites Check the changes

Changes in metabolites in the blood of Korean beef according to temperature and humidity index were confirmed.

The specific method is as follows, and the results are shown in Figure 1.

The cow's stanchion was calibrated at a time appropriate for each temperature and humidity environment, and blood was collected from the jugular vein using an 18G needle and 20ml syringe. The metabolic profile test (MPT) in the serum was performed using a Biochemical analyzer (Diamond Diagnostics). ) was analyzed using.

Figure 1 is a road showing changes in metabolites in the blood of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, (A) GOT (glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT according to temperature and humidity index. (B) is a graph showing the change in concentration of (glutamate pyruvic transaminase), (B) is a graph showing the change in concentration of NEFA (Non esterified fatty acids) according to temperature and humidity index, and (C) is a graph showing the change in concentration of NEFA (Non esterified fatty acids) according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing the change in glucose concentration according to the temperature and humidity index.

As shown in Figure 1, as the temperature and humidity index decreased, the levels of GOT and GPT among blood metabolites did not change significantly, but the levels of NEFA and glucose showed large changes between temperature and humidity indexes of about 25.08 to 27.89 and 27.89 to 30.7, respectively. showed a trend. Here, NEFA levels have significance in protein metabolism in the body, and glucose levels have significance in carbohydrate energy metabolism. Through changes in NEFA and glucose, it can be seen that abnormalities occurred in the body energy and protein metabolism of Korean beef finishing cattle at a temperature and humidity index exceeding about 25 to about 28.

If the glucose concentration increases above 70 mg/dl, it is considered that there is a metabolic problem in carbohydrate metabolism, and this corresponds to mild-to-moderate stress stage 2 and moderate-severe stress stage 3. If the NEFA level increases above 150 uEq/L, it is considered that there is a problem with protein metabolism, and this corresponds to mild-to-moderate stress level 2 and moderate-to-severe stress level 3.

Through the present invention, by sampling blood according to the temperature and humidity index and then analyzing the metabolic index and analyzing the levels of glucose and NEFA in the blood, it is possible to determine the stress situation according to the index and perform nutrient management or feeding management accordingly. You can see that it can be used on the side.

Example 2. Confirmation of changes in hematology among blood indicators of Korean beef according to temperature and humidity index

Hematology changes among the blood indicators of Korean beef according to temperature and humidity index were confirmed.

The specific method is as follows, and the results are shown in Figure 2.

At the appropriate time for each temperature and humidity environment, the cow's stanchion was calibrated, blood was collected from the jugular vein using an 18G needle and 20ml syringe, and a complete blood count was performed. CBC) analysis was performed using VetScan HM2 (Diamond Diagnostics, Abaxis Inc., MA, USA).

Figure 2 is a graph showing changes in hematology among blood indicators of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, (A) is a graph showing changes in white blood cell (WBC) concentration according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing changes in white blood cell (WBC) concentration according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing the change in lymphocyte concentration according to the temperature and humidity index, and (C) is a graph showing the change in platelet concentration according to the temperature and humidity index.

The significance of hematology is the results that show the presence or absence of abnormalities in the health status of animals.

As shown in Figure 2, the levels of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, and platelets showed a tendency to change depending on the temperature and humidity index, but this was not statistically significant, so it was found that Korean beef (especially fattening cattle) ), it was confirmed that the low-temperature environment did not significantly affect the body's immune system.

Example 3. Confirmation of hormonal changes among blood indicators of Korean beef according to temperature and humidity index

Hormonal changes were confirmed among the blood indicators of Korean beef according to the temperature and humidity index.

The specific method is as follows, and the results are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 is a graph showing changes in hormonal indicators in the blood of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, and specifically, a graph showing changes in cortisol concentration according to temperature and humidity index.

The cow's stanchion was calibrated at a time appropriate for each temperature and humidity environment, and blood was collected from the jugular vein using an 18G needle and 20ml syringe. Cortisol in the serum was measured using the Bovine Cortisol ELISA test kit (Endocrine technology Co, Inc, USA). It was analyzed using .

Cortisol is a type of steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex and is secreted when an animal is stressed to suppress the level of stress received. This hormone, which is considered to be most closely related to stress, did not show significant changes in Korean cattle (especially fattening cattle).

Example 4. Changes in behavioral indicators of Korean beef according to temperature and humidity index

Changes in behavioral indicators of Korean beef according to temperature and humidity index were confirmed.

The specific method is as follows, and the results are shown in Figures 4 to 6.

At the appropriate time for each temperature and humidity environment, the cow's stanchion was calibrated, the temperature was measured at the rectum for 1 minute using a rectal thermometer, and the heart rate was analyzed by measuring the heart rate for 1 minute using a stethoscope.

Figure 4 is a road showing changes in behavioral indicators of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index. (A) is a graph showing changes in heart rate according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing changes in rectal temperature according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing changes in temperature.

It was confirmed that heart rate and rectal temperature can be used as indicators that change most closely according to low-temperature environments.

A heart rate level of 60 - 64 (BPM; Beats Per Minute) is the level 1 stress threshold, 65 - 71 (BPM; Beats Per Minute) is the level 2 mild-to-moderate stress level, Above 72 (BPM; Beats Per Minute) can be judged to be a moderate-to-moderate stress situation. Rectal temperature of 38.7 - 39.3 ℃ is level 1 stress threshold level, and 39.4 - 39.6 ℃ is level 2 mild-severe stress. It was confirmed that the level of 39.7 ℃ or higher can be used as a basis indicator for determining that it is a level 3 stress severity-moderate situation. In general, heart rate and rectal temperature can be measured directly in the field without any analysis, so it was confirmed that when a low-temperature stress environment is suspected, heart rate and rectal temperature can be measured and used in terms of breeding management or rearing environment control.

Next, changes in feed and water intake were analyzed by measuring the daily intake by weighing and feeding feed and water at 9 a.m. every day and checking the remaining amount at 9 a.m. the next day.

Figure 5 is a road showing changes in behavioral indicators of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, (A) is a graph showing change in feed intake according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing change in water intake according to temperature and humidity index. This is a graph showing changes in intake.

It was confirmed that changes in feed intake and water intake affect energy metabolism in the body, so it can be used in terms of feeding management and rearing environment control.

Next, changes in standing and lying and changes in the number of ruminants were recorded using cameras installed in each right room, and daily behavior during the day was personally monitored from 09:00 to 19:00. Using the recorded data, standing time, lying down time, and rumination behavior were measured and analyzed.

Figure 6 is a road showing changes in behavioral indicators of Korean cattle according to temperature and humidity index, (A) is a graph showing changes in standing and lying according to temperature and humidity index, and (B) is a graph showing changes in behavior index according to temperature and humidity index. (Ruminant) This is a graph showing the change in number of times.

Changes in positioning between standing and lying are closely related to sweating due to environmental changes. Korean beef is an animal that excretes sweat through the skin, and through standing behavior, it expands the surface area of the skin and regulates sweat secretion smoothly, thereby reducing temperature stress. The decrease in rumination is closely related to the amount of feed intake. , which means that the amount of nutrients in the body is insufficient.

Example 5. Cold stress determined by stage Korean beef breeding management guidelines

The cold stress stages of Korean beef are classified into the following three stages:

Stage 1 (Stress Threshold) Stress has a temperature and humidity index of 31 to 36,

Level 2 {mild-moderate} stress has a temperature and humidity index of 26 to 30,

Level 3 (moderate-severe) stress has a temperature and humidity index of 15 to 25;

In the breeding management guidelines for Korean cattle determined by the cold stress stage of Korean cattle,

The first stage (stress threshold) stress is a stage in which no special management of Korean beef is required;

The second stage {mild-moderate} stress is a step of treating Korean beef by adjusting the appropriate nutrient requirement by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed;

The above 3rd stage (moderate-severe stress) is the stage in which Korean cattle are treated to manage the appropriate nutrient requirements by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed and adjusting the environment within the cattle shed.

Specifically, stage 1 (stress threshold) stress has a temperature and humidity index of 31 to 36, and there is little change in blood indicators and behavioral indicators at the temperature and humidity index (level), so it corresponds to a stage in which special feeding management is not required for Korean cattle. .

Stage 2 {mild-moderate} stress causes the heart rate, which is a necessary change in thermoregulation in ruminants, to increase to 65, and the rectal temperature also increases to 39.25°C. At this time, the temperature and humidity index (level) is the point at which low-temperature stress caused by the environment begins to be experienced, and blood metabolites such as glucose and NEFA change, causing problems with metabolism in the ruminant body. Since this corresponds to the point at which ruminants are raised, feeding management must be done to satisfy the nutrient requirements of ruminants by adjusting the feed mixing ratio.

In stage 3 (moderate-severe) stress, the temperature and humidity index is 15 to 25, the heart rate increases to 70, and the rectal temperature increases to 39.5 ℃. In addition, since the amount of feed intake and the number of ruminations has decreased, it is a time when the cold affects the metabolic system and rumination activities, so it is necessary to manage feeding to satisfy the nutrient requirements of ruminants by adjusting the feed mixing ratio. In addition, it is necessary to manage specifications by providing thermal insulation facilities, such as replacing sawdust in the ventilated walls or floors of the cattle shed, and providing warm drinking water.

When the temperature and humidity index falls below 14, it is considered to be in a serious stress stage. However, according to the current weather temperature in Korea, the temperature and humidity index does not fall below 14 due to the outside temperature, so it was excluded from the Korean beef specification method for reducing low temperature stress of Korean beef of the present invention.

The feed mixing ratio can be adjusted to meet the nutrient requirements of Korean beef by adjusting the crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) content in the feed in response to low temperature stress. .

Here, the content of crude protein (CP) is calculated by multiplying the nitrogen content of the feed by 6.25, which is determined by the Kjeldahl method.

Additionally, it is one of the units representing the energy content of feed, and is calculated using the following formula based on the nature of the digestion test of the feed.

Total amount of digestible nutrients = digested crude protein, % + digested soluble nitrogen-free matter, % + digested crude fiber, % + (digested crude fat, % × 2.25)

Management of controlling the temperature within the cowshed can be achieved through one or more of the following: minimizing the influence of wind by installing ventilation walls within the cowshed, replacing sawdust in the floor, and providing warm drinking water.

Claims (3)

As a method of feeding Korean beef to reduce low-temperature stress of Korean beef,
Classifying the low-temperature stress stage of Korean beef using the temperature and humidity index below; and
It includes the step of processing Korean beef according to the Korean cattle breeding management guidelines established for each stage of low temperature stress of Korean cattle.
The temperature and humidity index is calculated by the following equation,
Temperature and humidity index = 1.8*Celsius temperature+32-0.55(1-relative humidity/100)*(1.8*Celsius temperature-26)
Here, relative humidity = (water vapor pressure/saturated water vapor pressure)*100,
The cold stress stage of Korean beef is classified into the following three stages,
Stage 1 (stress threshold) has a temperature and humidity index of 31 to 36,
Stage 2 {mild-moderate stress} has a temperature and humidity index of 26 to 30,
Level 3 (moderate-severe stress) has a temperature and humidity index of 15 to 25;
In the breeding management guidelines for Korean cattle determined by the cold stress stage of Korean cattle,
The first stage (stress threshold) stress is a stage in which Korean beef does not need to be subjected to feeding management due to low-temperature stress;
The second stage {mild-moderate stress} is a step in which Korean cattle are treated to control the nutrient requirements of Korean cattle by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed;
The above 3 stages (moderate-severe stress) control the nutrient requirements of Korean cattle by adjusting the mixing ratio of the feed, and replace sawdust in the ventilated walls or floor of the cattle shed and provide warm drinking water. Korean beef specification method, which is a step of controlling the temperature so that the temperature and humidity index is 26 to 36. According to paragraph 1,
The adjustment of the feed mixing ratio is to reduce low-temperature stress by adjusting the mixing ratio to satisfy the nutrient requirements of Korean beef by adjusting the crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) content in the feed. How to specify Korean beef. delete