KR102602736B1 - Bus bar with excellent preventing thermal runaway function for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Bus bar with excellent preventing thermal runaway function for electric vehicle Download PDF

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KR102602736B1
KR102602736B1 KR1020230114584A KR20230114584A KR102602736B1 KR 102602736 B1 KR102602736 B1 KR 102602736B1 KR 1020230114584 A KR1020230114584 A KR 1020230114584A KR 20230114584 A KR20230114584 A KR 20230114584A KR 102602736 B1 KR102602736 B1 KR 102602736B1
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weight
coating
coated
coating portion
epoxy
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Korean (ko)
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조희선
김동철
김태관
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(주)디에스시
카본텍(주)
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/521Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/521Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material
    • H01M50/526Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 2중의 코팅을 통하여 배터리 모듈에서 열폭주 발생시 화염은 물론 온도전이를 차단하거나 지연시킬 수 있어 인접 배터리 모듈로의 확산을 방지할 수 있는 전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바에 관한 것이다.
본 발명은 전기자동차의 배터리 모듈간을 전기적으로 연결하도록 설치되고, 전기 전도성 금속 소재로 형성되는 금속바(10)와, 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 코팅되는 코팅부(20)로 이루어진 고전압 버스바에 있어서, 상기 코팅부(20)는, 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 열 전이 차단 및 내전압 성능을 유지하기 위해 1차 코팅되며, 에폭시계 수지와 실리콘계 수지를 블랜딩한 소재를 기반으로 조성된 내측코팅부(21); 상기 내측코팅부(21)의 외부에 발포 팽창을 통해 화염 및 열을 차단하도록 2차 코팅되며, 에폭시계 수지 기반으로 조성된 외측코팅부(22)로 구성되고, 상기 내측코팅부(21)는 에폭시 5~15중량%와, 실리콘 5~40중량%와, 인계 난연제 2~10중량%와, 규산염 광물 1~50중량%와, 경화제 1~10중량%로 조성된 코팅물질로 코팅되며, 상기 외측코팅부(22)는 에폭시 20~30중량%와, 인계 난연제 10~25중량%와, 팽창흑연 5~10중량%와, 붕소산화물 1~3중량%와, 발포제 5~15중량%와, 다공성 실리카 1~10중량%와, 경화제로서 아민 15~20중량%로 조성된 코팅물질로 코팅된다.
The present invention provides a high-voltage busbar with excellent performance in preventing thermal runaway for electric vehicles, which can block or delay not only flames but also temperature transitions when thermal runaway occurs in a battery module through double coating, thereby preventing spread to adjacent battery modules. It's about.
The present invention is installed to electrically connect battery modules of an electric vehicle, and includes a high voltage metal bar 10 made of an electrically conductive metal material and a coating portion 20 coated on the surface of the metal bar 10. In the bus bar, the coating portion 20 is first coated on the surface of the metal bar 10 to block heat transfer and maintain withstand voltage performance, and is composed based on a material blended with an epoxy resin and a silicone resin. inner coating portion (21); The outside of the inner coating part 21 is coated with a secondary coating to block flame and heat through foaming expansion, and is composed of an outer coating part 22 composed of an epoxy resin base, and the inner coating part 21 is It is coated with a coating material composed of 5 to 15% by weight of epoxy, 5 to 40% by weight of silicon, 2 to 10% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 1 to 50% by weight of silicate mineral, and 1 to 10% by weight of hardener. The outer coating portion 22 is composed of 20 to 30% by weight of epoxy, 10 to 25% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 5 to 10% by weight of expanded graphite, 1 to 3% by weight of boron oxide, and 5 to 15% by weight of foaming agent, It is coated with a coating material composed of 1 to 10% by weight of porous silica and 15 to 20% by weight of amine as a hardener.

Description

전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바{Bus bar with excellent preventing thermal runaway function for electric vehicle}High voltage bus bar with excellent preventing thermal runaway function for electric vehicles {Bus bar with excellent preventing thermal runaway function for electric vehicle}

본 발명은 고전압 버스바에 2중의 코팅을 통하여 배터리 팩에서 열폭주 발생시 화염은 물론 온도전이를 차단하거나 지연시킬 수 있어 인접 배터리 모듈로의 확산을 방지할 수 있는 전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바에 관한 것이다.The present invention has excellent thermal runaway diffusion prevention performance for electric vehicles, which can block or delay not only flames but also temperature transitions when thermal runaway occurs in a battery pack through a double coating on the high-voltage busbar, preventing the spread to adjacent battery modules. It is about high voltage busbar.

현재 상용화된 이차전지로는 니켈 카드뮴 전지, 니켈 수소 전지, 니켈 아연 전지, 리튬 이차전지 등이 있는데, 이 중에서 리튬 이차전지는 니켈 계열의 이차 전지에 비해 메모리 효과가 거의 일어나지 않아 충방전이 자유롭고, 자가 방전율이 매우 낮으며 에너지 밀도가 높은 장점으로 각광을 받고 있다.Currently commercialized secondary batteries include nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, nickel zinc batteries, and lithium secondary batteries. Among these, lithium secondary batteries have little memory effect compared to nickel-based secondary batteries, so they can be freely charged and discharged. It is receiving attention for its extremely low self-discharge rate and high energy density.

최근에는 휴대형 전자기기와 같은 소형 장치뿐 아니라, 자동차나 전력저장장치(ESS)와 같은 중대형 장치에도 이차 전지가 널리 이용되고 있다. 이러한 중대형 장치에 이용되는 경우, 용량 및 출력을 높이기 위해 많은 수의 이차 전지가 전기적으로 접속되어 배터리 모듈이나 배터리 팩을 구성한다.Recently, secondary batteries have been widely used not only in small devices such as portable electronic devices, but also in medium-to-large devices such as automobiles and power storage systems (ESS). When used in such medium-to-large devices, a large number of secondary batteries are electrically connected to form a battery module or battery pack to increase capacity and output.

배터리 모듈이나 배터리 팩의 대전류 통전을 위한 전기적 연결 수단으로서 버스바가 널리 사용되고 있다.Busbars are widely used as an electrical connection means for conducting large currents in battery modules or battery packs.

버스바는 통상적으로 일정한 폭과 두께와 길이를 갖고 전기 전도율이 좋은 금속 재질의 바(bar) 형태로서, 대전류 통전시에도 안전하고 에너지 손실이 적다. 상기 버스바에는 대개 고전압이 흐르기 때문에 절연이나 피복을 하지 않고 그대로 사용할 경우, 조립, 보수 또는 교체 작업시 작업자가 주의하지 않으면 감전사고 위험이 있다. 이에 따라 버스바를 튜브로 감싸거나 플라스틱 커버로 감싸서 절연성을 확보하고 있다.A bus bar is usually a bar made of metal with a certain width, thickness, and length and good electrical conductivity, and is safe even when carrying a large current and has low energy loss. Since high voltage usually flows through the busbar, if it is used without insulation or coating, there is a risk of electric shock if workers are not careful during assembly, repair, or replacement work. Accordingly, insulation is secured by wrapping the busbar with a tube or a plastic cover.

그러나, 이와 같이 튜브나 커버로 감싸는 구조는 버스바의 형상이 복잡할 경우 감싸기가 쉽지 않고 버스파의 표면에 밀착성이 떨어지게 된다. 또한 이를 해결하고자 합성수지를 사출하여 버스바의 표면을 코팅하는 방법을 사용하고 있는데, 이러한 방법은 버스바의 형상이 복잡할 경우에 균일한 두께의 코팅층이 버스바의 표면에 밀착되게 형성하는 것이 어려울 뿐 아니라 제조과정에서 버스바와 코팅층 상호간에 간극이 발생하게 되는 등의 문제가 있었다.However, this structure of wrapping with a tube or cover is not easy to wrap when the shape of the bus bar is complex, and the adhesion to the surface of the bus bar is poor. In addition, to solve this problem, a method of coating the surface of the bus bar by injecting synthetic resin is used, but this method makes it difficult to form a coating layer of uniform thickness in close contact with the surface of the bus bar when the shape of the bus bar is complex. In addition, there were problems such as a gap occurring between the bus bar and the coating layer during the manufacturing process.

한편, 전기차의 화재는 열폭주로 인하여 연쇄반응으로 인접 배터리 모듈로 화염 및 열 전이가 진행되는 것이 일반적이고, 버스바의 경우 대부분 금속바로 제조됨에 따라 열전도가 빨라 배터리의 열폭주 확산에 가장 취약한 상태이다.Meanwhile, in electric vehicle fires, it is common for fires and heat to spread to adjacent battery modules in a chain reaction due to thermal runaway. In the case of bus bars, most of them are made of metal bars, so heat conduction is fast, making them the most vulnerable to the spread of thermal runaway in the battery. am.

따라서, 종래 단순히 사출을 통해 합성수지로 버스바의 표면을 코팅시키는 방법은 배터리 모듈의 화재나 열폭주 발생시에 화염이나 열에 의해 코팅층이 쉽게 녹아내려 제 기능을 하지 못하게 되며, 코팅층이 불씨가 되어 발화되면서 주변으로 피해가 순식간에 확산될 수 있음으로써 탑승자가 대피하기 위한 최소한의 시간도 확보하지 못하는 경우가 많아 탑승자의 안전을 보장하지 못함은 물론 자칫 인명사고로 이어질 수 있는 문제가 있다.Therefore, in the conventional method of simply coating the surface of the busbar with synthetic resin through injection, when a fire or thermal runaway occurs in a battery module, the coating layer easily melts due to flame or heat and does not function properly, and the coating layer turns into an ember and ignites. As damage can spread to the surrounding area in an instant, there are many cases where the occupants are unable to secure the minimum amount of time to evacuate, which not only does not guarantee the safety of the occupants, but can also lead to a fatal accident.

특히, 전기차의 경우, 전력기반으로 도어 및 유리개방이 진행되기 때문에 배터리 모듈에서의 화재나 열폭주 발생시 차량내에서 외부로 탈출하는데 심각한 문제가 발생할 수 있기 때문에 열폭주 확산 및 열 전이를 지연시키면서도 전력을 공급시켜 줄 수 있도록 하기 위한 버스바의 내열성에 기반을 둔 전력공급 성능유지가 매우 중요하다.In particular, in the case of electric vehicles, since the doors and windows are opened based on electric power, serious problems can occur in escaping from the inside of the vehicle to the outside in the event of a fire or thermal runaway in the battery module. It is very important to maintain power supply performance based on the heat resistance of the busbar to ensure that power can be supplied.

종래 특허로서, 공개특허공보 제10-2021-0050983호에는 미카(MICA) 소재의 방화테이프로 금속바를 감싼 후 절연성 튜브로 피복한 버스바가 개시되어 있다. 그러나 미카 소재의 방화테이프는 버스바의 공정난이도 증가 및 제조공정상의 비용을 증가시키는 등 여러 문제점이 있고, 미카 소재의 방화테이프를 사용하더라도 열 전이를 차단하거나 지연시키는데 한계가 있어 새로운 소재의 개발이 필요한 실정이다.As a conventional patent, Patent Publication No. 10-2021-0050983 discloses a bus bar in which a metal bar is wrapped with fire prevention tape made of MICA and then covered with an insulating tube. However, fire retardant tapes made of mica have several problems, such as increasing the process difficulty of the busbar and increasing costs during the manufacturing process, and even when fire retardant tapes made of mica are used, there are limitations in blocking or delaying heat transfer, making it difficult to develop new materials. It is necessary.

등록특허공보 제10-2041494호(2019.10.31. 전기차용 배터리 연결 버스바의 제조방법)Registered Patent Publication No. 10-2041494 (2019.10.31. Manufacturing method of battery connection bus bar for electric vehicle) 공개특허공보 제10-2021-0019295호(2021.02.22. 절연 및 방열 성능이 우수한 버스바 및 이를 구비한 배터리 모듈)Public Patent Publication No. 10-2021-0019295 (2021.02.22. Busbar with excellent insulation and heat dissipation performance and battery module equipped therewith) 공개특허공보 제10-2020-0124178호(2020.11.02. 리지드 절연 버스바 제조 공정)Public Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0124178 (2020.11.02. Rigid insulated busbar manufacturing process) 공개특허공보 제10-2021-0050983호(2021.05.10. 화재 안전성이 우수한 버스바)Public Patent Publication No. 10-2021-0050983 (2021.05.10. Bus bar with excellent fire safety)

본 발명은 상기한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 창안된 것으로, 2중의 코팅구조로 이루어져 있음으로써 전기차의 화재나 열폭주 발생시 화염의 차단 및 열 전이를 지연시켜 인접 배터리 모듈로의 확산을 방지하도록 하면서도 전력공급 기능을 최대한 연장시켜 주도록 하고, 이에 따라 전기자동차의 도어 등 전기장치의 작동을 최대한 보장하여 탑승자가 차량내에서 탈출할 수 있는 시간을 확보할 수 있도록 한 전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바를 제공함에 있다.The present invention was created to solve the above-described problems. It consists of a double coating structure, so that in the event of a fire or thermal runaway in an electric vehicle, it blocks the flame and delays heat transfer to prevent spread to adjacent battery modules while supplying power. High voltage with excellent performance in preventing the spread of thermal runaway for electric vehicles, which extends the function as much as possible and thus ensures the operation of electric devices such as the doors of electric vehicles as much as possible, allowing occupants time to escape from the vehicle. A bus bar is provided.

상기의 과제를 해결하기 위한 본 발명의 해결 수단은, 전기자동차의 배터리 모듈간을 전기적으로 연결하도록 설치되고, 전기 전도성 금속 소재로 형성되는 금속바(10)와, 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 코팅되는 코팅부(20)로 이루어진 고전압 버스바에 있어서, 상기 코팅부(20)는, 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 열 전이 차단 및 내전압 성능을 유지하기 위해 1차 코팅되며, 에폭시계 수지와 실리콘계 수지를 블랜딩한 소재를 기반으로 조성된 내측코팅부(21); 상기 내측코팅부(21)의 외부에 발포 팽창을 통해 화염 및 열을 차단하도록 2차 코팅되며, 에폭시계 수지 기반으로 조성된 외측코팅부(22)로 구성되고, 상기 내측코팅부(21)는 에폭시 5~15중량%와, 실리콘 5~40중량%와, 인계 난연제 2~10중량%와, 규산염 광물 1~50중량%와, 경화제 1~10중량%로 조성된 코팅물질로 코팅되며, 상기 외측코팅부(22)는 에폭시 20~30중량%와, 인계 난연제 10~25중량%와, 팽창흑연 5~10중량%와, 붕소산화물 1~3중량%와, 발포제 5~15중량%와, 다공성 실리카 1~10중량%와, 경화제로서 아민 15~20중량%로 조성된 코팅물질로 코팅된다.The solution of the present invention for solving the above problems includes a metal bar 10 installed to electrically connect battery modules of an electric vehicle and formed of an electrically conductive metal material, and a surface of the metal bar 10. In the high-voltage bus bar consisting of a coating portion 20 coated on the surface of the metal bar 10, the coating portion 20 is first coated with an epoxy resin to block heat transfer and maintain voltage resistance performance. and an inner coating portion (21) made based on a material blended with a silicone resin; The outside of the inner coating part 21 is secondarily coated to block flame and heat through foaming expansion, and is composed of an outer coating part 22 composed of an epoxy resin-based, and the inner coating part 21 is It is coated with a coating material composed of 5 to 15% by weight of epoxy, 5 to 40% by weight of silicon, 2 to 10% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 1 to 50% by weight of silicate mineral, and 1 to 10% by weight of hardener. The outer coating portion 22 is composed of 20 to 30% by weight of epoxy, 10 to 25% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 5 to 10% by weight of expanded graphite, 1 to 3% by weight of boron oxide, and 5 to 15% by weight of foaming agent, It is coated with a coating material composed of 1 to 10% by weight of porous silica and 15 to 20% by weight of amine as a hardener.

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상기의 구성으로 이루어진 본 발명의 전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바에 따르면, 2중의 코팅(내측코팅부: 전기적 안정성 유지 기능, 외측코팅부: 발포 팽창으로 열차단 기능)을 통해 화재나 열폭주 발생시 화염을 효과적으로 차단하고 열 전이를 차단하거나 지연시켜 인접 배터리 모듈로의 확산을 방지할 수 있게 되고, 전력공급을 가능하게 하여 전기장치의 작동을 최대한 보장함으로써 탑승자가 차량내에서 탈출할 수 있는 시간을 확보하여 화재나 열폭주로 인해 발생할 수 있는 안전사고를 예방할 수 있는 효과가 있다.According to the high-voltage busbar of the present invention, which has the above-described configuration and has excellent thermal runaway diffusion prevention performance for electric vehicles, fire is prevented through double coating (inner coating: function to maintain electrical stability, external coating: function to block heat by foam expansion). In the event of a thermal runaway, it is possible to effectively block the flame and block or delay heat transfer to prevent the spread to adjacent battery modules. It also enables power supply and ensures the operation of electrical devices as much as possible, thereby preventing occupants from escaping from the vehicle. By securing sufficient time, it is effective in preventing safety accidents that may occur due to fire or thermal runaway.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 2중의 코팅구조로 된 버스바를 보인 상태도,
도 2는 도 1의 A-A 단면도,
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 2중 코팅된 구조의 버스바를 보인 제품 사진,
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 개발소재가 미적용된 버스바와 적용된 버스바를 통한 화재 및 열 전이를 설명하기 위한 예시도.
Figure 1 is a state diagram showing a bus bar with a double coating structure according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a product photo showing a bus bar with a double-coated structure according to the present invention;
Figure 4 is an example diagram illustrating fire and heat transfer through a bus bar to which the developed material according to the present invention is not applied and a bus bar to which the developed material according to the present invention is applied.

이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예에 따른 전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바를 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, a high-voltage busbar with excellent thermal runaway diffusion prevention performance for electric vehicles according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바는 전기자동차의 배터리 모듈간을 전기적으로 연결하도록 설치되는 것으로, 전기 전도성 금속 소재로 형성되는 금속바(10)와, 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 코팅되는 코팅부(20)로 이루어진다.As shown, the high-voltage busbar with excellent thermal runaway diffusion prevention performance for electric vehicles according to the present invention is installed to electrically connect battery modules of electric vehicles, and is a metal bar (10) formed of an electrically conductive metal material. and a coating portion 20 coated on the surface of the metal bar 10.

상기 코팅부(20)는 비전도성 물질로 이루어져 있으며, 2중 코팅구조로 되어 있다.The coating portion 20 is made of a non-conductive material and has a double coating structure.

즉, 상기 코팅부(20)는 내측코팅부(21)와 외측코팅부(22)로 구성되어 있고, 내측코팅부(21)는 에폭시계 수지와 실리콘계 수지를 블랜딩한 소재를 기반으로 조성되며, 외측코팅부(22)는 에폭시계 수지 기반으로 조성되어 있다.That is, the coating part 20 is composed of an inner coating part 21 and an outer coating part 22, and the inner coating part 21 is formed based on a material blended with an epoxy resin and a silicone resin, The outer coating portion 22 is composed of epoxy resin.

구체적으로, 내측코팅부(21)는 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 1차적으로 코팅되어 코팅층을 형성하는 부분으로, 열 전이를 차단함은 물론 내전압 성능을 유지하여 전기적으로 안정성을 유지할 수 있게 된다.Specifically, the inner coating portion 21 is a portion that is primarily coated on the surface of the metal bar 10 to form a coating layer, which not only blocks heat transfer but also maintains withstand voltage performance to maintain electrical stability. do.

내측코팅부(21)를 형성하는 코팅물질은 에폭시 5~15중량%와, 실리콘 5~40중량%와, 인계 난연제 1~10중량%와, 규산염 광물 1~50중량%와, 경화제 1~10중량%로 조성된다.The coating material forming the inner coating portion 21 is 5 to 15% by weight of epoxy, 5 to 40% by weight of silicon, 1 to 10% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 1 to 50% by weight of silicate mineral, and 1 to 10% by weight of hardener. It is composed in weight percent.

실리콘과 에폭시 블랜딩 소재는 정전기 방지 기능과 1차로 코팅되는 내측코팅부와 2차로 코팅되는 외측코팅부 간의 밀착성을 높이고, 인계 난연제는 기준온도 이상에서 탄화막을 형성하게 되며, 규산염 광물은 내열성과 함께 전기적 안정성을 유지시키는 기능을 하게 된다. 경화제로서 아민을 사용할 수 있다.The silicone and epoxy blended material has an anti-static function and improves adhesion between the primary coated inner coating and the secondary coated outer coating, the phosphorus-based flame retardant forms a carbonized film above the standard temperature, and the silicate mineral has heat resistance and electrical properties. It functions to maintain stability. Amine can be used as a curing agent.

내측코팅부(21)에 실리콘과 에폭시 블랜딩소재를 첨가하여 조성하는 이유는, 실리콘계 수지는 고내열에 잘 견뎌내면서 화염이나 열에 녹아내리지 않는 반면에 금속바(10)의 표면에 밀착되지 않고 2차 코팅층과도 이형되는 문제점을 갖고 있기 때문에 에폭시 수지를 블랜딩하고 여기에 전기전도성 소재 및 발포성 소재들을 첨가하여 고열 및 화염에서도 수지간 간극이 발생하지 않고 누설전류 없이 전기적 안정성을 유지하도록 한 것이다.The reason for adding a silicone and epoxy blending material to the inner coating portion 21 is that while the silicone resin withstands high heat resistance well and does not melt in flame or heat, it does not adhere closely to the surface of the metal bar 10 and forms a secondary surface. Since there is a problem of release from the coating layer, epoxy resin is blended and electrically conductive and foaming materials are added to prevent gaps between resins and maintain electrical stability without leakage current even in high heat and flame.

따라서, 내측코팅부(21)는 에폭시계 수지와 실리콘계 수지를 블랜딩한 소재로 조성한 것이고, 여기에 규산염 광물을 첨가시켜 화재나 열폭주시 열에 의해 약해질 수 있는 수지의 공극은 물론 금속바와의 간극을 메꿔주면서 금속바 표면에 간극없이 완전 밀착될 수 있게 되는 것이며, 누설전류 없이 전기적 안정성을 유지할 수 있게 된다.Therefore, the inner coating portion 21 is made of a blend of epoxy resin and silicone resin, and silicate minerals are added to fill the gap between the resin and the metal bar, which can be weakened by heat in the event of a fire or thermal runaway. This makes it possible to completely adhere to the surface of the metal bar without any gap, and maintain electrical stability without leakage current.

또한, 인계 난연제가 탄화막을 형성함으로써 열 전이를 차단시켜 주게 된다.Additionally, the phosphorus-based flame retardant blocks heat transfer by forming a carbonization film.

여기서, 상기 내측코팅부(21)에는 열전이 차단성능이 부족하게 되나, 이러한 단점을 상기 외측코팅부(22)가 내측코팅부(21)를 감싼 상태로 코팅됨으로써 해결하게 된다.Here, the inner coating portion 21 lacks heat transfer blocking performance, but this shortcoming is solved by coating the outer coating portion 22 while covering the inner coating portion 21.

외측코팅부(22)는 내열성이 우수한 에폭시계 수지를 기반으로 조성되어 내측코팅부(21)의 외부에 2차 코팅되어 있으며, 화재나 배터리 모듈의 열폭주 발생시 기준온도 이상에서 발포 팽창 및 탄화막을 형성하여 화염 및 열을 차단하게 되며, 이에 따라 화염의 확산을 차단하여 인접하는 배터리 모듈의 온도상승을 방지할 수 있는 것이다.The outer coating part 22 is composed of an epoxy resin with excellent heat resistance and is coated with a secondary coating on the outside of the inner coating part 21. In the event of a fire or thermal runaway of the battery module, foam expansion and carbonization film are formed above the standard temperature. It is formed to block flame and heat, thereby blocking the spread of flame and preventing the temperature of adjacent battery modules from rising.

외측코팅부(22)를 형성하는 코팅물질은 에폭시 20~30중량%와, 인계 난연제 10~25중량%와, 팽창흑연 5~10중량%와, 붕소산화물 1~3중량%와, 발포제 5~15중량%와, 다공성 실리카 1~10중량%와, 경화제로서 아민 15~20중량%로 조성된다.The coating material forming the outer coating portion 22 is 20 to 30% by weight of epoxy, 10 to 25% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 5 to 10% by weight of expanded graphite, 1 to 3% by weight of boron oxide, and 5 to 5% of foaming agent. It is composed of 15% by weight, 1 to 10% by weight of porous silica, and 15 to 20% by weight of amine as a hardener.

바인더로서 첨가되는 에폭시는 압축 및 굴곡강도 등 기계적 물성 뿐만 아니라 내수성 측면 및 내열성능이 우수하여 연소시 탄화막 유지에서 가장 우수하다. 주제는 비스페놀 F형의 에폭시를 사용할 수 있으며, 이는 비스페놀 A 타입의 분자 가운데 있는 CH3 대신에 H가 있는 수지로써 다른 Type에 비해 저점도이며, 고반응성의 특징을 보인다.Epoxy added as a binder has excellent mechanical properties such as compressive and bending strength, as well as water resistance and heat resistance, making it the best in maintaining the carbonized film during combustion. The main material can be used is bisphenol F type epoxy, which is a resin that has H instead of CH3 in the middle of the bisphenol A type molecule, and has lower viscosity compared to other types and is highly reactive.

에폭시는 함량이 20중량% 미만이면 부착성 및 내구성이 떨어질 우려가 있고, 에폭시 함량이 30중량%를 초과하면 정상적인 내열 및 내화성능을 발휘하지 못할 우려가 있다.If the epoxy content is less than 20% by weight, there is a risk that adhesion and durability may decrease, and if the epoxy content exceeds 30% by weight, there is a risk that normal heat resistance and fire resistance may not be achieved.

탄화막의 형성을 위해, 인계 난연제와 팽창흑연, 발포제, 붕소산화물, 다공성 실리카가 첨가된다.To form a carbonized film, a phosphorus-based flame retardant, expanded graphite, foaming agent, boron oxide, and porous silica are added.

인계 난연제는 탄화막을 형성하여 열을 차단하기 위한 것이며, 10 ~ 25중량% 첨가된다. 인계 난연제의 함량이 10중량% 미만이면 발포율이 떨어져 내화성능이 저하될 우려가 있고, 25중량%를 초과하면 발포율이 지나치게 높아져 발포층이 흘러내릴 우려가 있다.Phosphorus-based flame retardants are used to block heat by forming a carbonized film, and are added at 10 to 25% by weight. If the content of the phosphorus-based flame retardant is less than 10% by weight, the foaming rate may decrease and the fire resistance performance may deteriorate. If it exceeds 25% by weight, the foaming rate may become too high and the foam layer may flow down.

팽창흑연(expandible graphite)은 화재 시 화염에 의해 고배율로 발포되어 단열효과를 부여함으로써 연소 가능한 재료를 보호하는 내화성이 우수한 물질이다. 팽창흑연의 발포율은 제조조건에 따라 통상 50 내지 300배까지 다양하게 조절된다.Expandable graphite is a material with excellent fire resistance that protects combustible materials by foaming at a high rate by the flame during a fire and providing an insulating effect. The expansion rate of expanded graphite is usually adjusted to vary from 50 to 300 times depending on manufacturing conditions.

팽창흑연 외에 첨가되는 상기 발포제는 고온에서 발포되어 팽창흑연과 함께 복합적으로 발포층을 형성하여 단단한 탄화막 형성에 기여하게 되며, 상당한 두께의 발포 탄화막을 형성하게 된다. The foaming agent added in addition to the expanded graphite is foamed at a high temperature and forms a composite foam layer with the expanded graphite, thereby contributing to the formation of a hard carbonized film and forming an expanded carbonized film of considerable thickness.

상기 발포제는 함량이 5중량% 미만이면 발포율이 낮아 발포층의 단열성이 부족해질 우려가 있고, 15중량%를 초과하면 형성된 발포층의 내구성이 떨어질 우려가 있다.If the content of the foaming agent is less than 5% by weight, the foaming rate is low and there is a risk that the insulation of the foam layer may be insufficient, and if the content exceeds 15% by weight, there is a risk that the durability of the formed foam layer may decrease.

발포제는 요소(urea), 티오요소(thiourea), 멜라민(melamine) 등을 단독 또는 2종 이상 혼합하여 사용할 수 있고, 바람직하게는 티오요소를 사용할 수 있다.The foaming agent may be urea, thiourea, melamine, etc., singly or in combination of two or more. Preferably, thiourea may be used.

상기 붕소산화물은 팽창 유지제로서 첨가되는 물질이며, 흑연이 고온 영역에서 용융되어 팽창할 경우에 팽창되는 흑연의 비산을 방지하여 팽창 구조를 유지시켜 주고 탄화막을 강화시키는 역할을 한다.The boron oxide is a substance added as an expansion maintenance agent, and when graphite melts and expands in a high temperature region, it prevents the expanded graphite from scattering, maintains the expansion structure, and strengthens the carbonization film.

중공형 다공성 실리카는 적은 함량으로 제품의 비중을 크게 낮추어 무게를 줄이는 역할을 하며, 열에 의해 붕소산화물과 같이 용융되어 단단한 탄화막 형성에 기여하게 된다.Hollow porous silica plays a role in reducing the weight by significantly lowering the specific gravity of the product with a small content, and melts with boron oxide by heat, contributing to the formation of a hard carbonized film.

외측코팅부(22)는 화재나 열폭주 발생시 고온의 열에 의해 팽창되어 발포됨과 아울러 경화제(아민)에 의해 경화되어 상당한 두께의 탄화막을 형성하게 되는 것이며, 이러한 발포 탄화막이 화염풍을 견뎌내면서 내측코팅부를 보호하는 역할을 하게 되며, 버스바를 통해 인접하는 배터리 모듈로의 열전달을 차단하거나 지연시켜 주게 되는 것이다.When a fire or thermal runaway occurs, the outer coating portion 22 is expanded and foamed by high-temperature heat and hardened by a curing agent (amine) to form a carbonized film of considerable thickness. This expanded carbonized film withstands the flame wind and forms an inner coating. It plays a role in protecting the battery and blocks or delays heat transfer to adjacent battery modules through the bus bar.

상기와 같이 본 발명은 내측코팅부와 외측코팅부로 구성된 다중코팅구조로 이루어져 있음으로써 화재나 열폭주 발생 상황에서도 버스바 본연의 역할을 수행할 수 있게 되며, 이로 인해 전기자동차에 탑승한 탑승자가 더욱 안전하게 탈출할 수 있도록 함으로써 안전사고의 발생 예방에 기여할 수 있게 된다.As described above, the present invention is composed of a multi-coating structure consisting of an inner coating part and an outer coating part, so that the bus bar can perform its original role even in situations where fire or thermal runaway occurs, which makes it possible for the occupants of the electric vehicle to be more comfortable. By enabling safe escape, you can contribute to preventing safety accidents.

10: 금속바 20: 코팅부
21: 내측코팅부 22: 외측코팅부
10: metal bar 20: coating part
21: inner coating part 22: outer coating part

Claims (3)

전기자동차의 배터리 모듈간을 전기적으로 연결하도록 설치되고, 전기 전도성 금속 소재로 형성되는 금속바(10)와, 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 코팅되는 코팅부(20)로 이루어진 고전압 버스바에 있어서,
상기 코팅부(20)는, 상기 금속바(10)의 표면에 열 전이 차단 및 내전압 성능을 유지하기 위해 1차 코팅되며, 에폭시계 수지와 실리콘계 수지를 블랜딩한 소재를 기반으로 조성된 내측코팅부(21);
상기 내측코팅부(21)의 외부에 발포 팽창을 통해 화염 및 열을 차단하도록 2차 코팅되며, 에폭시계 수지 기반으로 조성된 외측코팅부(22)로 구성되고,
상기 내측코팅부(21)는 에폭시 5~15중량%와, 실리콘 5~40중량%와, 인계 난연제 2~10중량%와, 규산염 광물 1~50중량%와, 경화제 1~10중량%로 조성된 코팅물질로 코팅되며,
상기 외측코팅부(22)는 에폭시 20~30중량%와, 인계 난연제 10~25중량%와, 팽창흑연 5~10중량%와, 붕소산화물 1~3중량%와, 발포제 5~15중량%와, 다공성 실리카 1~10중량%와, 경화제로서 아민 15~20중량%로 조성된 코팅물질로 코팅된 것을 특징으로 하는 전기자동차용 열폭주 확산 방지 성능이 우수한 고전압 버스바.
In a high-voltage bus bar installed to electrically connect battery modules of an electric vehicle, consisting of a metal bar 10 made of an electrically conductive metal material and a coating portion 20 coated on the surface of the metal bar 10. ,
The coating portion 20 is primarily coated on the surface of the metal bar 10 to block heat transfer and maintain voltage resistance performance, and is an inner coating portion composed based on a material blended with an epoxy resin and a silicone resin. (21);
A secondary coating is applied to the outside of the inner coating part 21 to block flame and heat through foaming expansion, and it consists of an outer coating part 22 composed of an epoxy resin base,
The inner coating portion 21 is composed of 5 to 15% by weight of epoxy, 5 to 40% by weight of silicon, 2 to 10% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 1 to 50% by weight of silicate mineral, and 1 to 10% by weight of hardener. coated with a coating material,
The outer coating portion 22 is composed of 20 to 30% by weight of epoxy, 10 to 25% by weight of phosphorus-based flame retardant, 5 to 10% by weight of expanded graphite, 1 to 3% by weight of boron oxide, and 5 to 15% by weight of foaming agent. A high-voltage busbar with excellent thermal runaway diffusion prevention performance for electric vehicles, characterized by being coated with a coating material composed of 1 to 10% by weight of porous silica and 15 to 20% by weight of amine as a hardener.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR200319522Y1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2003-07-18 엘지전선 주식회사 Fire resistant insulated bus bar
KR20080052971A (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 대진정공(주) Fireproof isulation busbar of coating manufacture system and fireproof insulation of coating busbar
KR102034011B1 (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-10-18 에이에프더블류 주식회사 Manufacturing method of a bus bar
KR102041494B1 (en) 2019-01-22 2019-11-07 에스 티 (주) Connecting busbar manufacturing method of battery for electric vehicle
KR20200124178A (en) 2019-04-23 2020-11-02 강민정 Process for manufacturing rigid isolated busbar
KR20210019295A (en) 2019-08-12 2021-02-22 주식회사 엘지화학 A bus bar with excellent insulation and heat dissipation performance and battery module with same
KR20210050983A (en) 2019-10-29 2021-05-10 주식회사 엘지화학 Bus-bar with safety against a fire
KR102560446B1 (en) * 2023-03-03 2023-07-27 카본텍(주) Composite pad capable delaying thermal runaway of battery cell

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR200319522Y1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2003-07-18 엘지전선 주식회사 Fire resistant insulated bus bar
KR20080052971A (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 대진정공(주) Fireproof isulation busbar of coating manufacture system and fireproof insulation of coating busbar
KR102034011B1 (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-10-18 에이에프더블류 주식회사 Manufacturing method of a bus bar
KR102041494B1 (en) 2019-01-22 2019-11-07 에스 티 (주) Connecting busbar manufacturing method of battery for electric vehicle
KR20200124178A (en) 2019-04-23 2020-11-02 강민정 Process for manufacturing rigid isolated busbar
KR20210019295A (en) 2019-08-12 2021-02-22 주식회사 엘지화학 A bus bar with excellent insulation and heat dissipation performance and battery module with same
KR20210050983A (en) 2019-10-29 2021-05-10 주식회사 엘지화학 Bus-bar with safety against a fire
KR102560446B1 (en) * 2023-03-03 2023-07-27 카본텍(주) Composite pad capable delaying thermal runaway of battery cell

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