KR102596109B1 - Photo-rechargeable battery and light absobing layer for photo-rechargeable battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar cell battery-integrated device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode opposing the first electrode; an electrolyte interposed between the first and second electrodes; and a photoactive material formed on the first electrode to absorb light and store/release positive ions, wherein the photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound.

Description

Light absorption storage layer for solar cell battery integrated devices and solar cell battery integrated devices {PHOTO-RECHARGEABLE BATTERY AND LIGHT ABSOBING LAYER FOR PHOTO-RECHARGEABLE BATTERY}

The present invention relates to a solar cell-battery integrated device, and more specifically, to a solar cell-battery integrated device with an integrated structure of a solar cell and a battery with improved efficiency.

In response to the recent need for high-capacity small battery technology, the use of secondary batteries with high energy density is increasing, and accordingly, various researches are being developed to improve the performance of secondary batteries. There is an inconvenience in having to periodically charge these secondary batteries for a certain period of time to supply power.

For this reason, Korean Patent No. 10-2003-0081250 discloses a photovoltaic rechargeable battery that integrates a photovoltaic panel and a rechargeable battery. However, in photovoltaic rechargeable batteries, the photovoltaic panel and rechargeable battery are individually constructed, and the photovoltaic panel and rechargeable battery are not substantially integrated, making miniaturization difficult and efficiency low.

The present invention was made to solve the above problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar cell battery-integrated device that can be miniaturized and has improved efficiency.

An optically rechargeable battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first electrode; a second electrode opposing the first electrode; an electrolyte interposed between the first and second electrodes; and a photoactive material formed on the first electrode to absorb light and store/release positive ions, wherein the photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound.

In addition, in an embodiment, the electrolyte is provided as either a solid electrolyte or a liquid electrolyte, and when the electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte, it further includes a separator separating the first electrode and the second electrode.

In addition, in an example, the photoactive material is characterized by satisfying the following formula (I). (Formula I) ANA'1-NBX3 (In Formula I, N is a real number 0<N<1, A is an organic ammonium ion, B is a metal ion, X is a halide ion, and A' is It is a carbonyl compound substituted with A above.)

In addition, in an example, the photoactive material is characterized by satisfying the following formula (II). (Formula II) (A')2(A)n-1Bn It is a halide ion, and A' is a carbonyl compound substituted with A.)

Also, in an embodiment, A is methylammonium, formamidinium, phenylamine (PA), phenylmethylamine (PMA), phenylethylamine (PEA), and cesium. (Cesium, Cs) and mixtures thereof, wherein B is lead (Pb2+), tin (Sn2+), germanium (Ge2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), and cobalt (Co2+). , iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), chromium (Cr2+), palladium (Pd2+), cadmium (Cd2+), ytterbium (Yb2+), and mixtures thereof, and -), bromine (Br-), chlorine (Cl-), and mixtures thereof.

Additionally, in embodiments, the carbonyl compound may be selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof.

Additionally, in an example, the carbonyl compound includes a carboxylate selected from the following formulas (1) to (12).

Additionally, in an embodiment, the carbonyl compound includes an anhydrate selected from Formulas (13) to (15).

Additionally, in an embodiment, the carbonyl compound includes an amide selected from Formulas (16) to (30).

Additionally, in an example, the carbonyl compound includes a quinone selected from Formulas (31) to (37).

Additionally, in an embodiment, the carbonyl compound includes a ketone selected from Formulas (38) to (43).

In addition, in an embodiment, the carbonyl compound further includes at least one functional group selected from an ammonium group, an amino group, a hydroxy group, and a cyano group.

According to the present invention, a solar cell battery-integrated device can produce power when irradiated with light and can store power itself, making it possible to reduce weight and miniaturize.

According to the present invention, the cation storage ability can be improved by substituting all or part of A in the perovskite structure ABX3 with a carbonyl compound.

1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining a solar cell battery-integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining operations during charging and discharging of the solar cell battery-integrated device shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining the (A') ₂ (A) _{n-1 B n} This is a drawing to explain the structure of A _N A' _1-N BX ₃ .
Figure 4 is a diagram for explaining the carboxylate applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer of Figure 1a.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an hydrate applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams to explain the amide applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining quinone applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the ketone applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the attached drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention can be modified into various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. Embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the present invention to those skilled in the art. In the attached drawings, there may be components shown with a specific pattern or with a predetermined thickness, but this is for convenience of explanation or distinction, so even if they have a specific pattern and a predetermined thickness, the present invention does not describe the features of the components shown. It is not limited to just that.

1A and 1B are cross-sectional views of a solar cell battery-integrated device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the solar cell battery-integrated device during charging and discharging.

In the solar cell battery-integrated device of the present invention, the electrolyte 140 is provided as a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte. The electrolyte 150 in FIG. 1A is a liquid electrolyte and includes a separator 140 to pass positive ions and block electrons. Meanwhile, the electrolyte 150 in FIG. 1B is a solid electrolyte, and the solid electrolyte includes both the function of the liquid electrolyte in FIG. 1A and the function of the separator 140.

Referring to FIG. 1A, the solar cell battery-integrated device 100 includes a substrate 110, a first electrode 120, a second electrode 130, a separator 140, an electrolyte 150, and a light absorption storage layer 160. ) includes. Here, the electrolyte 150 is a liquid electrolyte.

And referring to FIG. 1B, the solar cell battery-integrated device 100 includes a substrate 110, a first electrode 120, a second electrode 130, an electrolyte 150, and a light absorption storage layer 160. . Here, the electrolyte 150 is a solid electrolyte and has the function of a separator.

Hereinafter, a solar cell battery-integrated device having a liquid electrolyte as an electrolyte will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. Also, since the description of the solid electrolyte includes both the function of the liquid electrolyte and the function of the separator 140, the description is redundant, so the description of the solid electrolyte will be omitted.

The substrate 110 supports the entire device and functions to transmit light.

A first electrode 120, a light absorption storage layer 160, a separator 140, and a second electrode 120 are sequentially stacked on the substrate 110, and an electrolyte 150 is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. ) is included.

The substrate 110 includes a material that can transmit light. Light passing through the substrate 110 is provided to the light absorption storage layer 160.

The substrate 110 includes any one of glass, plastic, and plastic film that is capable of transmitting light.

At this time, the plastic film can be formed of a material with high chemical stability, mechanical strength, transparency, and flexibility. Plastic films include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyimide (PI), polyethylene sulfonate (PES), and polyoxide. It may include at least one material selected from simethylene (POM), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethersulfone (PES), and polyetherimide (PEI).

The first electrode 120 is formed on the substrate 110 and participates in electron movement of the light absorption storage layer 160. The first electrode 120 includes a transparent conductive metal oxide so that light passing through the substrate 110 reaches the light absorption storage layer 160.

Transparent conductive metal oxides include indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO), and indium zinc oxide (IZO). , ZnO-Ga2O3, ZnOAl2O3, and ATO (antimony tin oxide).

The second electrode 130 may be the anode or cathode of a rechargeable secondary battery. If the charging electrode is the anode, lithium metal or lithium-containing oxide (LiCoO2, LiNiCoMnO2, LiMnO2, LiFeO4) that can provide positive ions is used. It may contain, and if it is a cathode, it may contain graphite.

The separator 140 physically separates the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130, allows positive ions to pass, and blocks the movement of electrons.

The electrolyte 150 allows positive ions to move between the light absorption storage layer 160 and the second electrode 130. The electrolyte may be one of a known liquid electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, and a solid electrolyte. In the case of a solid electrolyte, the separator may be omitted.

Meanwhile, in the case of electrolyte, it may contain light scattering particles. The light scattering particles contain a transparent material and scatter the light that is not absorbed by the light absorption storage layer 160 and passes through and reaches the electrolyte 150, and returns a part of the scattered light to the light absorption storage layer 160, thereby forming the solar cell. The efficiency of battery-integrated devices can be increased.

The light absorption storage layer 160 absorbs light, generates unpaired electron pairs, provides electrons to the second electrode 130 through a conductor, and stores positive ions provided from the second electrode 130 through the separator 140. Alternatively, it performs the function of providing positive ions to the second electrode 130 through the separator 140.

In general, solar cells have power generation capability but no storage capability, so a separate battery is needed to store the power generated by optical charging. In the case of the present invention, the light absorption storage layer not only absorbs light to generate a photoelectric effect, but also has a storage ability through storage and release of positive ions, eliminating the need for a separate battery.

Referring to (a) of FIG. 2, the light absorption storage layer 160 absorbs light to generate an unpaired electron pair and provides the electrons to the second electrode 130 through a conducting wire. At the same time, the light absorption storage layer 160 emits lithium cations (Li+) and provides the released lithium cations (Li+) to the second electrode 130 through the electrolyte 150. Lithium cations (Li+) provided to the second electrode 130 are reduced to lithium (Li). In FIG. 2, the cation is described as a lithium cation (Li+), but it is not limited thereto.

Referring to (b) of FIG. 2, the light absorption storage layer 160 transfers holes to the first electrode 120 and connects a conductive wire from the second electrode 130 to the first electrode 120 during discharge. It binds to the electrons provided through it. Additionally, the light absorption storage layer 160 absorbs and stores lithium cations (Li+) that are emitted from the second electrode 130 and pass through the electrolyte 150.

The wavelength range of light absorbed by the light absorption storage layer 160 is 750 to 1000 nm and includes at least one of the infrared range, visible rays, and ultraviolet rays.

Referring again to FIG. 1A, the light absorption storage layer 160 includes a photoactive material, a conductive material, and a binder.

Conductive materials include graphite, vapor grown carbon fibers, Ketjen black, Denka black, acetylene black, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. -Walled Carbon Nanotube) and Mesoporous Carbon (Ordered Mesoporous Carbon).

The binder is polyvinylacetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyhexafluoropropylene-polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer. , polyethylacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), thermoplastic polyester resin, and mixtures thereof.

Photoactive materials include perovskite materials that have cation storage functions and photoelectric conversion functions.

FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining the (A') ₂ (A) _n-1 B _n X _3n+1 structure of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A. FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining the A _N A' _1-N BX ₃ structure of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.

Referring to FIG. 3A, when the light absorption storage layer 160 has a layered structure, positive ions passing through the separator 140 may be stored/released between layers of the photoelectrode 130. If the light absorption storage layer 160 includes a perovskite material with a three-dimensional structure, the perovskite material can be arranged in a layered structure on the first electrode 120 to form a two-dimensional structure by overlapping again. there is.

Meanwhile, perovskite is widely used in solar cells, but considering the characteristics of solar cells without energy storage ability, perovskite used in solar cells is not at all related to the storage of lithium cations.

Referring to FIGS _. 3A and 3B, in the present invention, A _N A' _1-N BX ₃ (where N has the structure of ₍ A') ₂ (A) _{n-1 B} n

A' carbonyl compound contains a double bond of carbon and oxygen, and due to the nature of carbonyl, the oxygen portion can be easily combined with Li cation. Therefore, when part or all of A in the pervoskite structure is substituted with the carbonyl compound A', the storage efficiency of lithium cations can be further increased compared to the case without the carbonyl compound.

When part or all of A in a perovskite forming a 3D structure is replaced with a carbonyl compound A', the perovskite may have a quasi 2D structure or a 2D structure.

If A in the perovskite structure is completely replaced by carbonyl compound A', the probability of becoming a 2D perovskite increases. And the probability of becoming a perovskite with a quasi-2D structure in which part of A in the perovskite structure is replaced with the carbonyl compound A' increases.

2D perovskite may have lower solar cell performance due to reduced electron mobility compared to Quasi-2D and 3D structures, but because it contains many carbonyl compounds A' to absorb metal cations, Quasi- Battery performance can be improved compared to 2D structures and 3D structures.

In other words, in terms of solar cell performance, the perovskite structure is improved by 2D structure, quasi-2D structure, and 3D structure. Meanwhile, in terms of battery performance, the perovskite structure improves as it progresses to 3D structure, quasi-2D structure, and 2D structure.

That is, in the above formulas A _N A' _1-N (where N is a real number 0<N<1) and BX ₃ (A') ₂ (A) _{n-1 B n} By adjusting N or n, it is possible to adjust the performance of the solar cell battery-integrated device by coordinating the performance of the battery and the solar cell.

A is an organic ammonium ion, B is a metal ion, X is a halide ion, and A' is a carbonyl compound substituted with A.

A is Methylammonium, Formamidinium, Phenylamine (PA), Phenylmethylamine (PMA), Phenylethylamine (PEA) and Cesium (Cs) and these It is a substance selected from the group consisting of mixtures of.

B is lead (Pb2+), tin (Sn2+), germanium (Ge2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), chromium (Cr2+), and palladium (Pd2+). ), cadmium (Cd2+), ytterbium (Yb2+), and mixtures thereof.

X is a substance selected from the group consisting of iodine (I-), bromine (Br-), chlorine (Cl-), and mixtures thereof.

The carbonyl compound may be selected from the group consisting of precarboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof.

Figure 4 is a diagram for explaining the carboxylate applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer of Figure 1a.

Referring to Figure 4, in the case of carboxylate, (1)Na ₂ TP, (2)R-Na ₂ TP (where R is NO ₂ ^- , Br ^- , NH ₂ ^- , F ^- ) (3)(COONa )-Na ₂ TP (4)monosodium terephthalate (5) terephthalate acid (6)Na2BPDC (7)NaHBPDC (8)NaPTCDA (9)SSDC (10)Ca ₂ BTEC (11) Ag ₂ TP (12)Na ₄ DHTPA may be selected from the military.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an hydrate applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.

Referring to Figure 5, the anhydrate may be selected from the group of (13)PMDA, (14)NTCDA, and (15)PTCDA.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams to explain the amide applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.

Referring to Figures 6a and 6b, amides are (16)Na2PMDI, (17)PTCDI, (18-21)PIs, (22-27)PAQI, (28-29)PIs with a three-dimensional 3D crosslinked network, (30) It can be selected from the PTCDA-derived PI group.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining quinone applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in FIG. 1A.

Referring to Figure 7, the quinones are (31)Na2DBQ, (32)PAQS, (33)PBQS, (34)Na2PDS, (35) encapsulating anthraquinone, (36)immobilizing Juglone, (37)C6RO2 (where R is F, CL selected) may be selected from the group.

Figure 8 is a diagram for explaining the ketone applied to the perovskite of the light absorption storage layer shown in Figure 1a.

Referring to Figure 8, the ketones are (38)DSR, (39)CADS, (40)TSAA, and (41)TSAQ. It can be selected from the group of (42) indigo carmine, (43) natural polymer humic acid.

Referring again to FIG. 3A, as shown in FIG. 3A, if a functional group 162 capable of combining cations and electrostatic attraction is included inside the layered structure of the light absorption storage layer 160, the storage of cations in the light absorption storage layer 160 Efficiency can be further increased. At this time, the functional group may be selected from at least one of ammonium group (NH4+), amino group (NH2-), hydroxy group (OH-), and cyano group (CN-).

In order to manufacture a solar cell battery-integrated device according to the present invention, a first electrode and a light absorption storage layer are first formed on a substrate, a charging electrode is separately formed on the second electrode, a separator is placed, and the ion Recharge your electrolytes for movement. Additionally, sealing and encapsulation steps can be performed to block external moisture or oxygen inflow.

According to the present invention, a solar cell battery-integrated device can produce power when irradiated with light and can store power itself, making it possible to reduce weight and miniaturize.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art will be able to understand the addition, change, deletion or addition of components without departing from the spirit of the present invention as set forth in the patent claims. The present invention can be modified and changed in various ways, and this will also be included within the scope of the rights of the present invention.

100: Solar cell battery integrated device
110: substrate
120: first electrode
130: second electrode
140: Separator
150: electrolyte
160: Light absorption storage layer

Claims (21)

delete delete first electrode;
a second electrode opposing the first electrode;
an electrolyte disposed between the first and second electrodes; and
It includes a photoactive material formed on the first electrode to absorb light and store/release positive ions,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The photoactive material is a solar cell battery-integrated device characterized in that it satisfies any one of the following formulas (I) and (II).
(Formula I)
A _N A' _1-N BX ₃
(In Formula I, N is a real number 0<N<1, A is an organic ammonium ion, B is a metal ion, X is a halide ion, and A' is a carbonyl compound substituted with A. .)
(Formula II)
(A') ₂ (A) _{n -1} B _n
(In the formula II, N is an integer of 0<n<1, A is an organic ammonium ion, B is a metal ion, X is a halide ion, and A' is a carbonyl compound substituted with A. .) According to paragraph 3,
The A is methylammonium (Methylammonium), Formamidinium (Formamidinium), Phenylamine (PA), Phenylmethylamine (PMA), Phenylethylamine (PEA), Cesium (Cs) and It is a substance selected from the group consisting of mixtures thereof,
The B is lead (Pb2+), tin (Sn2+), germanium (Ge2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), chromium (Cr2+), palladium ( It is a material selected from the group consisting of Pd2+), cadmium (Cd2+), ytterbium (Yb2+), and mixtures thereof,
A solar cell battery-integrated device, wherein X is a material selected from the group consisting of iodine (I-), bromine (Br-), chlorine (Cl-), and mixtures thereof. delete first electrode;
a second electrode opposing the first electrode;
an electrolyte disposed between the first and second electrodes; and
It includes a photoactive material formed on the first electrode to absorb light and store/release positive ions,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
The carbonyl compound is a solar cell battery-integrated device, characterized in that it contains a carboxylate selected from the following formulas (1) to (12).

first electrode;
a second electrode opposing the first electrode;
an electrolyte disposed between the first and second electrodes; and
It includes a photoactive material formed on the first electrode to absorb light and store/release positive ions,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
A solar cell battery-integrated device, wherein the carbonyl compound includes an anhydrate selected from the following formulas (13) to (15).

first electrode;
a second electrode opposing the first electrode;
an electrolyte disposed between the first and second electrodes; and
It includes a photoactive material formed on the first electrode to absorb light and store/release positive ions,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
A solar cell battery-integrated device, wherein the carbonyl compound includes an amide selected from the following formulas (16) to (30).

delete first electrode;
a second electrode opposing the first electrode;
an electrolyte disposed between the first and second electrodes; and
It includes a photoactive material formed on the first electrode to absorb light and store/release positive ions,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
A solar cell battery-integrated device, wherein the carbonyl compound includes a ketone selected from the following formulas (38) to (43).

delete delete In the photoactive material for solar cell battery-integrated devices,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The photoactive material is a photoactive material for a solar cell battery-integrated device, characterized in that it satisfies any one of the following formulas (I) and (II).
(Formula I)
A _N A' _1-N BX ₃
(In the formula (I), N is a real number 0<N<1, A is an organic ammonium ion, B is a metal ion, X is a halide ion, and A' is a carbonyl compound substituted with A. .)
(Formula II)
(A') ₂ (A) _{n -1} B _n
(In the formula II, N is an integer of 0<n<1, A is an organic ammonium ion, B is a metal ion, X is a halide ion, and A' is a carbonyl compound substituted with A. .) According to clause 13,
The A is methylammonium (Methylammonium), Formamidinium (Formamidinium), Phenylamine (PA), Phenylmethylamine (PMA), Phenylethylamine (PEA), Cesium (Cs) and It is a substance selected from the group consisting of mixtures thereof,
The B is lead (Pb2+), tin (Sn2+), germanium (Ge2+), copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+), iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+), chromium (Cr2+), palladium ( It is a material selected from the group consisting of Pd2+), cadmium (Cd2+), ytterbium (Yb2+), and mixtures thereof,
Wherein X is a material selected from the group consisting of iodine (I-), bromine (Br-), chlorine (Cl-), and mixtures thereof. delete In the photoactive material for solar cell battery-integrated devices,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
The carbonyl compound is a photoactive material for a solar cell battery-integrated device, characterized in that it contains a carboxylate selected from the following formulas (1) to (12).

In the photoactive material for solar cell battery-integrated devices,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
A photoactive material for a solar cell battery-integrated device, wherein the carbonyl compound includes an anhydrate selected from the following formulas (13) to (15).

In the photoactive material for solar cell battery-integrated devices,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
The carbonyl compound is a photoactive material for a solar cell battery-integrated device, characterized in that it contains an amide selected from the following formulas (16) to (30).

delete In the photoactive material for solar cell battery-integrated devices,
The photoactive material is a perovskite structure compound containing a carbonyl compound,
The carbonyl compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxylates, imides, anhydrides, quinones, ketones, and mixtures thereof,
A photoactive material for a solar cell battery-integrated device, wherein the carbonyl compound includes a ketone selected from the following formulas (38) to (43).

delete

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