KR101325632B1 - Self-charging hybrid battery and USN sensor node module using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a self-charging composite battery and a ubiquitous sensor network (USN) sensor node using the same, wherein a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and a super capacitor are compact. It is to provide a self-charging composite battery. In the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention, the negative electrode current collector of the super capacitor is shared by the dye-sensitized solar cell, and a super capacitor is formed on one side, and a dye-sensitized solar cell is formed on the other side. Has an integrally complex structure. In addition, the USN sensor node module may be implemented by applying the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention to the USN sensor node.

Description

Self-charging hybrid battery and WSN sensor node module using same {Self-charging hybrid battery and USN sensor node module using the same}

The present invention relates to a battery and an electronic device using the same, and more particularly, a self-charged composite battery in which a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and a super capacitor are combined, and a ubiquitous sensor network using the same ( Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) sensor node module.

USN installs a USN sensor node such as RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) on all necessary objects, and detects the environmental level, such as temperature, humidity, pollution information, cracking, etc. based on the object's identification information. It consists of a network that manages the information generated by connecting it to the network in real time. The USN sensor node needs a power source for driving, and solar energy is used as one of the power sources.

Solar energy has many advantages over existing energy sources. For example, solar energy is virtually infinite and available everywhere. Such solar energy is effectively used in various fields. For example, in a building or a car, a solar cell is installed in the part where sunlight is irradiated, and solar energy is converted into electricity by the installed solar cell. The electricity thus obtained can be used as part of the lighting source of a building or the power source of an automobile.

Solar energy is obtained in the daylight when sunlight is irradiated, but by accumulating the electricity obtained in this way, it is possible to use it at nighttime or in rainy weather when sunlight is not irradiated. Thus, if it can be used, it becomes an energy source that does not cause the reduction or destruction of precious natural resources.

An electric energy storage device that stores electricity converted by a solar cell, which includes secondary batteries such as Ni-MH batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, lead acid batteries, and lithium secondary batteries, and has a high power density and unlimited charge / discharge lifetime. Nearby super capacitors, aluminum electrolytic capacitors and ceramic capacitors.

In particular, the super capacitor includes an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC), a pseudo capacitor, and a hybrid capacitor such as a lithium ion capacitor (LIC).

Here, the electric double layer capacitor is a capacitor using an electrostatic charge phenomenon occurring in an electric double layer formed at the interface of different phases, and has a faster charging / discharging speed, a higher charge / discharge efficiency than the battery in which the energy storage mechanism depends on the oxidation and reduction process, Is widely used for backup power supply, and the potential as an auxiliary power source for electric vehicles in the future is also unlimited.

A pseudo capacitor is a capacitor that converts and stores a chemical reaction into electrical energy by using an oxidation-reduction reaction of an electrode and an electrochemical oxide reactant. The pseudocapacitor has a storage capacity about 5 times larger than that of the electric double layer capacitor because the electric double layer capacitor can store the electric charge near the surface of the electrode material as compared with the electric double layer capacitor formed on the surface of the electrochemical double layer type electrode. As the metal oxide electrode material, RuOx, IrOx, MnOx and the like are used.

The lithium ion capacitor is a new concept of a secondary battery system that combines the high power and long life characteristics of a conventional electric double layer capacitor with the high energy density of a lithium ion battery. Electric double layer capacitors using the physical adsorption reaction of electric charges in the electric double layer have been limited in their application to various applications due to their low energy density despite excellent power characteristics and lifetime characteristics. As a means for solving the problem of such an electric double layer capacitor, a lithium ion capacitor using a carbon-based material capable of inserting and separating lithium ions as a negative electrode active material has been proposed. The lithium ion capacitor has a structure in which lithium ions, And the cell voltage can realize a high voltage of 3.8 V or more, which is much higher than that of the conventional electric double layer capacitor by 2.5 V, and can exhibit a high energy density.

Such a conventional solar cell has to be manufactured separately from the supercapacitor and connected through wiring, and the solar cell and the supercapacitor thus connected must be connected to a load using electric energy again.

However, when the solar cell and the super capacitor are installed together on a small object such as a USN sensor node, the volume becomes too large than necessary. In addition, since solar cells and supercapacitors must be manufactured separately and connected to each other through wiring, workability is also reduced.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a self-charging composite cell in which the dye-sensitized solar cell and the super capacitor are integrally integrated, and a USN sensor node module using the same.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a self-charging composite battery and a USN sensor node module using the same, which can reduce the thickness and lower the manufacturing cost while integrally forming a dye-sensitized solar cell and a super capacitor.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a self-charging composite battery having easy workability when installed in an electronic device such as a USN sensor node, and a USN sensor node module using the same.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a self-charging composite battery comprising a super capacitor exposed to the negative electrode current collector to one side, and a dye-sensitized solar cell formed on the negative electrode current collector of the super capacitor and sharing the negative electrode current collector To provide.

In the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention, the supercapacitor includes a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and the negative electrode current collector, in turn, and includes an electrolyte impregnated in the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

In the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention, the supercapacitor may include one of an electric double layer capacitor, a pseudo capacitor, and a lithium ion capacitor.

In the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention, the fuel-sensitized solar cell is a negative electrode film formed on the negative electrode current collector, a transparent substrate having a light transmittance formed to face the negative electrode current collector, formed below the transparent substrate and the negative electrode A transparent anode film facing the film, a plurality of nanoparticles adsorbing a dye that produces electrical energy upon receiving sunlight through the transparent substrate, an electrolyte providing electrons to the dye emitting electrons, and the anode current collector and the transparent It may include a sealing agent for sealing the electrolyte and the plurality of nanoparticles filled between the substrate.

In the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention, the transparent substrate is a glass or plastic material, the negative electrode film is a platinum film, the transparent anode film is indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (Fluorine Tin) Oxide; FTO), ZnO-Ga ₂ O ₃ , ZnO-Al ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₃ .

The present invention also provides a USN sensor node module including the above-described self-charging composite battery and a USN sensor node connected to the self-charging composite battery and powered by the self-charging composite battery.

In the USN sensor node module according to the present invention, the self-charging composite battery may be installed horizontally or vertically connected to the USN sensor node.

And the USN sensor node module according to the present invention may further include a rotating member for rotatably connecting the self-charging composite battery to the USN sensor node.

In the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention, the negative current collector of the super capacitor is shared with the dye-sensitized solar cell, so that the super capacitor is manufactured on one side and the dye-sensitized solar cell is implemented on the other side. It can be combined in one piece.

Therefore, when the solar cell and the super capacitor are installed together in a small object such as a USN sensor node, the self-charged composite cell according to the present invention has a problem that the volume becomes too large than necessary because the dye-sensitized solar cell and the super capacitor are integrated. Can be solved.

In addition, the self-charged composite battery according to the present invention has excellent workability as well as separately fabricating the dye-sensitized solar cell and the supercapacitor and connecting each other through wiring.

In addition, by using a plastic substrate having flexibility as a transparent substrate on which the transparent anode film of the dye-sensitized solar cell is installed, there is an advantage that the manufacturing cost can be lowered while further reducing the thickness of the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention.

In addition, since the self-charging composite battery according to the present invention includes a dye-sensitized solar cell, it has an advantage that it can be used indoors as well as outdoors.

1 is a view schematically showing a self-charging composite battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the self-charging composite battery of FIG. 1.
3 is a view illustrating a USN sensor node module using the self-charging composite battery of FIG. 1.

In the following description, only parts necessary for understanding the embodiments of the present invention will be described, and the description of other parts will be omitted so as not to obscure the gist of the present invention.

The terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary meanings and the inventor is not limited to the meaning of the terms in order to describe his invention in the best way. It should be interpreted as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments described in the present specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention, so that various equivalents And variations are possible.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a view schematically showing a self-charging composite battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has a structure in which the super capacitor 10 and the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 are integrally combined and have a dye on the super capacitor 10. The sensitive solar cell 30 has a stacked structure.

At this time, the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment is to share the negative electrode current collector 20 of the super capacitor 10 to the dye-sensitized solar cell 30, the super capacitor 10 is formed on one side, the other The side has a structure in which the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 is formed.

As described above, the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment shares the negative electrode current collector 20 of the super capacitor 10 by the dye-sensitized solar cell 30, whereby the super capacitor 10 and the dye-sensitized solar cell ( 30) can be integrally formed in a laminated form.

Such a self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 as follows. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the self-charging composite battery 100 of FIG.

The supercapacitor 10 is formed by sequentially stacking a positive electrode current collector 11, a positive electrode 13, a separator 15, a negative electrode 17, and a negative electrode current collector 20, and the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 17. It includes an electrolyte impregnated with.

The negative electrode current collector 20 and the positive electrode current collector 11 may be made of aluminum foil. In particular, the negative electrode current collector 20 may be pre-doped with lithium ions, and an etched aluminum foil may be used.

The positive electrode 13 includes a positive electrode active material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions, and is formed on the positive electrode current collector 11. As the cathode active material, an activated carbon material and an activated carbon-metal oxide composite material, a conductive polymer-activated carbon composite material, and carbon nanotubes having improved activated carbon materials may be used, and one or two or more of the cathode active materials may be used. Carbon nanotubes include single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT; Single-wall NanoTube), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT; Multi-wall Nanotube) or double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT). In addition, the anode 13 is formed of a carbon material or a conductive polymer and a mixture thereof having the particle diameter of the carbon nanotubes or a layer between the carbon nanotubes as an ion storage structure, and an active material material capable of inducing ion storage. It may include. On the other hand, the above-mentioned positive electrode active material is only one example, but is not limited thereto.

The negative electrode 17 includes a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and detaching lithium ions, and is formed on one surface of the negative electrode current collector 20. The negative electrode 17 is formed on one surface of the negative electrode current collector 20 facing the positive electrode 13. As the negative electrode active material, a carbon-based material such as hard carbon, soft carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, graphitized mesocarbon microbead, petroleum coke, resin body, carbon fiber, or pyrolytic carbon may be used.

The separator 15 is interposed between the negative electrode 17 and the positive electrode 13 to separate the negative electrode 17 and the positive electrode 13. As the separator 15, a porous body having no electronic conductivity having communicating pores durable with respect to an electrolyte, an electrode active material, or the like can be used. For example, a porous polymer film or a porous nonwoven fabric may be used as the separator 15.

And the electrolyte includes a liquid electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte containing a salt of lithium ions. LiClO ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiPF ₆ , Li (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ N, or the like may be used as the lithium salt. As solvents for dissolving lithium salts, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, acetonitrile, dimethoxy methane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, methylene chloride, sulfone and the like Magnetic organic solvents may be used alone or in combination. Alternatively, the electrolyte may be a carbonate-based liquid electrolyte including propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or methyl ethyl carbonate, polyethylene oxide (PEO), PVdF copolymer including PVdF or PVdF-HFP, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Gel-type electrolyte which adds a plasticizer to solid matrices, such as a polyoxo metalate (POM), a polypropylene oxide (PPO), and a polysiloxane system, can be used. The electrolyte may use a lithium salt, metal salt or organic salt electrolyte, and is not affected by the form of the electrolyte, such as a liquid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, or an ionic electrolyte. Herein, when the electrolyte is in liquid form, the electrolyte may further include a separator, but in the case of the gel electrolyte or the solid electrolyte, introduction of the separator may be omitted.

The supercapacitor 10 may be one of an electric double layer capacitor, a pseudo capacitor, and a lithium ion capacitor, but is not limited thereto.

The dye-sensitized solar cell 30 is used by sharing the negative electrode current collector 20 of the super capacitor 10, the negative electrode film 31 formed on the negative electrode current collector 20, the transparent substrate 33, the transparent positive electrode film (35), a plurality of nanoparticles 37 adsorbed with the dye 36, an electrolyte 38 and a sealing agent 39 are included.

The negative electrode film 31 is formed on the negative electrode current collector 20. A platinum film may be used as the cathode film 31. The platinum film serves as a catalyst for activating the Redox Couple.

The transparent substrate 33 is formed to face the negative electrode current collector 20 and has a light transmissive characteristic. As the transparent substrate 33, a transparent glass or plastic material may be used. When using a plastic material as the transparent substrate 33, there is an advantage that can reduce the thickness of the dye-sensitized solar cell 30. As the transparent plastic material, polyethylene terephalate (PET), poly ethylene naphthelate (PEN), poly carbonate (PC), poly propylene (PP), poly imide (PI), and tri acetyl cellulose (TAC) can be used. It is not limited to.

The transparent anode film 35 is formed under the transparent substrate 33 and is installed to face the cathode film 31. As the transparent anode film 35, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), ZnO-Ga ₂ O ₃ , ZnO-Al ₂ O ₃ , SnO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₃ may be used, but is not limited thereto.

Each of the plurality of nanoparticles 37 adsorbs a dye 36 that produces electric energy when it receives sunlight through the transparent substrate 33. In this case, the nanoparticles 37 are semiconductors capable of adsorbing the dye 36, and a large number of nano-sized particles are collected and provide a passage through which electrons move out of the dye 36. For example the nanoparticles (37) include titanium dioxide (TiO ₂₎ is mainly used, the titanium dioxide is transparent titanium dioxide (transparent TiO _2), non-transparent titanium dioxide (opaque TiO _2), scattering of titanium dioxide (scattering TiO ₂₎ And the like can be used. In addition, titanium (Ti) oxide may be used alone as the nanoparticles 37, but together with titanium (Ti) oxide, zirconium (Zr) oxide, strontium (Sr) oxide, zinc (Zn) oxide, indium (In) oxide, With lanthanum (La) oxide, niobium (Nb) oxide, magnesium (Mg) oxide, aluminum (Al) oxide, yttrium (Y) oxide, scandium (Sc) oxide, samarium (Sm) oxide and gallium (Ga) oxide It may be used by doping one or more selected from the group consisting of.

The dye 36 absorbs light into a material coloring the color to produce electrons. Coloring means reflecting only the light that corresponds to your color and absorbing all the rest. Therefore, as the dye 36, a black dye that absorbs all visible light regions shows excellent performance. Here, the dye 36 includes an organometallic dye and an organic dye, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, N3, N719, N 749, D719, Z907, and the like.

The electrolyte 38 provides electrons to the dye 36 which discharged electrons. When the electrolyte 38 escapes electrons from the dye 36 which has received light, the dye 36 becomes empty. The electrons must continue to move and flow to generate electricity. If there is no electron to be exported, electricity cannot be generated. Thus, the electrolyte 38 provides electrons to the dye 36 that has emitted electrons so that the dye 36 can continue to emit electrons. In this case, a liquid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, or the like may be used as the electrolyte 38. As the liquid electrolyte, sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrate solution may be used, but is not limited thereto.

The sealing agent 39 seals the plurality of nanoparticles 37 and the electrolyte 38 filled between the negative electrode current collector 20 and the transparent substrate 33.

As described above, the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present exemplary embodiment may be manufactured as a single device by stacking the super capacitor 10 and the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 through the sharing of the negative electrode current collector 20. Therefore, it is possible to store the supercapacitor 10 through the negative electrode current collector 20 sharing the electric energy generated in the dye-sensitized solar cell 30.

In addition, since the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment is integrated while the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 and the super capacitor 10 are integrated while sharing the negative electrode current collector 20, the volume becomes too large than necessary. Can be solved.

In addition, the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 and the supercapacitor 10 are separately manufactured and connected to each other through wiring, whereas the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 and the supercapacitor 10 are integrally manufactured. The self-charging composite battery 100 also has excellent workability.

In addition, by using a flexible plastic substrate as the transparent substrate 33 on which the transparent anode film 35 of the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 is installed, the thickness of the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment is increased. There is an advantage that the manufacturing cost can be lowered while further thinning.

In addition, since the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment includes the dye-sensitized solar cell 30, the self-charging composite battery 100 has an advantage that it can be used indoors as well as outdoors. For this reason, the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment may be applied to the USN sensor node 200 as shown in FIG. 3 to implement the USN sensor node module. The USN sensor node module generates power in the supercapacitor 10 by generating electricity in the indoor as well as indoors under various conditions in which the USN sensor node 200 is located using the dye-sensitized solar cell 30. Do. The USN sensor node module may use the electric energy stored in the super capacitor 10 as a power source for driving the USN sensor node 200. In this case, when the self-charging composite battery 100 is installed together with the USN sensor node 200, the USN sensor as shown in FIG. 3 (a) may effectively absorb light energy of the dye-sensitized solar cell 30. The node 200 may be installed in a stacked manner or horizontally installed as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C.

As shown in FIG. 3C, when the self-charging composite battery 100 is horizontally installed in the USN sensor node 200, the self-charging composite battery 100 may rotate with respect to the USN sensor node 200. It may be connected via a rotating member 300 so that. The reason for the rotatable connection as described above is to adjust the dye-sensitized solar cell 30 of the self-charging composite battery 100 to face the direction in which it can absorb light energy most effectively. In this embodiment, although the self-charging composite battery 100 is rotatably connected by the rotating member 300 based on the direction in which the USN sensor node 200 and the self-charging composite battery 100 are connected, The self-charging composite battery 100 may be rotatably connected in various directions according to the rotating member 300 connected between the USN sensor node 200 and the self-charging composite battery 100.

Here, although the USN sensor node 200 is illustrated as an electronic device to which the self-charging composite battery 100 according to the present embodiment is applied, of course, the present invention can be applied to other electronic devices.

On the other hand, the embodiments disclosed in the specification and drawings are merely presented specific examples to aid understanding, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention are possible in addition to the embodiments disclosed herein.

10: super capacitor 11: positive electrode current collector
13: anode 15: separator
17: negative electrode 20: negative electrode current collector
30 dye-sensitized solar cell 31 cathode film
33: transparent substrate 35: transparent anode film
36 dyes 37 nanoparticles
38 electrolyte 39 sealant
100: self-charging composite battery 200: USN sensor node
300: rotating member

Claims (8)

A super capacitor in which a negative electrode current collector is exposed at one side;
A dye-sensitized solar cell formed on the negative electrode current collector of the super capacitor and sharing the negative electrode current collector;
Lt; / RTI >
The dye-sensitized solar cell,
A negative electrode film formed on the negative electrode current collector;
A transparent substrate having a light transmissive surface formed on the negative electrode current collector;
A transparent anode film formed under the transparent substrate and facing the cathode film;
A plurality of nanoparticles that adsorb dyes that produce electrical energy when sunlight is received through the transparent substrate;
An electrolyte that provides electrons to the dye that has emitted electrons;
A sealing agent for sealing the plurality of nanoparticles and an electrolyte filled between the negative electrode current collector and the transparent substrate;
Self-charging composite battery comprising a. The method of claim 1, wherein the super capacitor,
A positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode and the negative electrode current collector is formed in sequence, and a self-charging composite battery comprising an electrolyte impregnated in the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The method of claim 1, wherein the super capacitor,
A self-charging composite cell comprising one of an electric double layer capacitor, a pseudo capacitor, and a lithium ion capacitor. delete The method of claim 1,
The transparent substrate is a glass or plastic material, the cathode film is a platinum film, the transparent anode film is Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Fluorine Tin Oxide (FTO), ZnO-Ga ₂ O ₃ , ZnO-Al ₂ O ₃ and SnO ₂ -Sb ₂ O ₃ A self-charging composite battery, characterized in that one. Claims 1 to 3, wherein the self-charging composite battery according to any one of claims 5;
A USN sensor node connected to the self-charging composite battery and driven by receiving power from the self-charging composite battery;
USN sensor node module comprising a. The method according to claim 6,
The USN sensor node module, characterized in that the self-charging composite battery is installed connected to the USN sensor node horizontally or vertically. The method according to claim 6,
A rotating member rotatably connecting the self-charging composite battery to the USN sensor node;
USN sensor node module further comprises.

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