KR102532951B1 - Abnormal status voice notification for switchboard - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a switchboard for voice notification of abnormal conditions. The switchboard for voice notification of abnormal conditions comprises: a wireless detection part; an abnormal condition determination part; an ambient detection part; an operation command part; a central surveillance section; and a circuit breaker. Accordingly, the present invention has the effect of promoting stable facility operation.

Description

Abnormal status voice notification for switchboard {Abnormal status voice notification for switchboard}

The present invention relates to an abnormal state voice notification switchgear, and more particularly, to wirelessly measure and detect the current and temperature flowing in the electric switchgear and detect the surrounding conditions of 5 elements such as temperature, humidity and CO gas to detect abnormal conditions such as electric accidents or electrical fires. It is about a switchgear equipped with a function to judge, monitor, and inform by voice.

Demand for electricity is increasing due to the increase in single-person households, the increase in home appliances, and new industries such as electric vehicles, self-driving cars, electric railways, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI), and climate change.

In addition, there is little possibility that electricity demand in the semiconductor, steel, and heavy chemical industries, in which Korea has competitiveness, will decrease significantly within a few years, and even if economic growth slows down, electricity consumption is expected to continue to increase. It continues to increase, and moreover, power facilities for backup facilities in case of emergency have also increased.

In order to supply electricity that meets the electricity demand of industrial facilities such as factories, business facilities such as offices, and residential facilities such as apartments, it must be arranged according to the demand of each load through electrical facilities such as switchboards, switchboards, and distribution boards in substation rooms.

Electrical facilities such as switchboards, switchboards, and distribution boards are composed of various circuit breakers (700), transformer switchgear measurement equipment, and busbar cables and steel enclosures connecting them. As a result, the number of contacts of the circuit breaker 700 and the switch has increased, and the thickness of the cable has gradually increased according to the size of the current.

Recently, electrical fires and electrical accidents have become frequent in electrical facilities such as switchboards, switchboards, and distribution boards composed of electrical lines where the size of the current is increasing and increasing. There were 38 deaths, 341 injuries, and property damage of 120 billion won, and 13 deaths and 395 injuries due to electric shock accidents such as short circuit arcs in contact with charging parts.

Fire monitoring equipment to prevent electrical fires and electrical accidents in electrical facilities and condition monitoring of electrical equipment accessories for stable power supply were further required.

There is the inconvenience of installing a separate power supply for the power required to operate current sensors or other sensors installed for monitoring the power of general switchgear and distribution panel AC power, or having a battery, and there is a risk of failure and installation or maintenance Remuneration also had limitations of time and cost.

On the other hand, in the case of the IoT sensor, in order to supply power, it is operated by connecting a constant power source or supplying power by providing a battery and exchanging the battery.

However, in the case of connecting a constant power source to the IoT sensor, there is a very limited problem in the installation location, and if the battery needs to be replaced, the management load may become a problem.

To solve this problem, energy harvesting technology can be used as a continuous and economical sensor or a power supply for wireless communication operation.

Energy Harvesting technology is a technology for harvesting energy discarded from the surroundings, converting it into usable energy, and charging and using it. It can greatly improve the energy efficiency of electronic devices, etc. It refers to a technology that allows an electronic device to be driven independently using the energy of

Examples of energy harvesting technology include photovoltaic power generation using sunlight, thermoelectric power generation that obtains electrical energy using the Zeeback effect due to temperature difference, piezoelectric power generation that obtains electrical energy from kinetic energy such as vibration or shock in the surroundings, There are electromagnetic induction power generation using electromagnetic induction generated from existing power, and technology that converts human body movements into electrical energy.

Energy harvesting technology is receiving new attention with the development of low-power device technology based on the CMOS process and the introduction of the wireless sensor network concept.

In particular, due to the tremendous increase in the spread of mobile devices such as cell phones, the expansion of the wireless Internet environment, and the introduction of the RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) system, RF energy in the UHF band and microwave band is being used a lot, especially in urban spaces. Much of it is wasted.

Accordingly, an RF energy harvesting technology for harvesting RF energy and using it as electric energy is being developed.

Korean Patent No. 10-1966598 “Fire detection and notification system for switchboard” is installed in the fire prevention target to prevent fire and applies a hybrid sensing module to detect fire risk factors to effectively prevent fire and electric shock accidents in switchboard It is about a switchboard fire detection and notification system that can prevent.

Korean Patent Registration No. 10-1197021 “High and low voltage switchboard, motor control panel and distribution board equipped with an arc flash detection device” is a high and low voltage switchboard, motor control panel and arc flash-related signals generated from the connections of devices provided inside the distribution board. stopped detecting

In general, in order to detect signs of fire in electrical facilities such as switchboards, switchboards, and distribution boards, complex detectors such as temperature arcs are installed in a wired manner to give warnings when they are out of the safe range, and are not related to the current flow, which is the main function of electrical facilities. It was unfortunate that there was a limit to fire prevention by only visually detecting the state, and the current measurement was also wired after the instrument current transformer, so there were problems such as cost increase such as material cost and labor cost and provision of the cause of the accident.

Domestic Patent Registration No. 10-1966598 (published date: 2019.04.01.) Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1197021 (registration date: 2014.06.03)

The present invention has been made to improve the above-described problems, and the present invention wirelessly senses the current and temperature of main wires of electrical facilities such as switchboards, switchboards, and distribution boards in an electrical equipment system by phase, and temperature, humidity, and CO gas in the box. Concentration External temperature is sensed in real time, and even if the safety range is above the standard value, condensation occurrence prediction due to current, temperature, humidity, and temperature difference, which are key elements of electrical facilities, and signs of accidents or fires in the cabin due to CO gas are comprehensively judged. Its purpose is to provide a switchboard that notifies with an alarm light and sound when making a judgment.

In addition, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a switchgear that provides a voice alarm for abnormal conditions through wireless detection of the current temperature and ambient detection, which can monitor the level of imbalance of each phase of the current and notify the manager, thereby enabling stable facility operation and early suppression and prevention of fire. there is.

In addition, in the present invention, in wirelessly detecting the current and temperature of the main electric facility line by phase, the operation power of the current sensor or temperature sensor is operated by securing power by magnetic flux induction or electromagnetic induction, Its purpose is to secure economic feasibility by preventing errors in measurement and saving wires by eliminating the need for measurement information transfer wires that may cause malfunctions over long distances or external obstacles.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention wirelessly transmits information from the IoT sensor installed on the main cable or branch cable or busbar input or output to the switchgear; In order to determine the abnormal state of the switchgear, selectively comparing the degree of imbalance of current by phase and temperature difference by phase, comparing temperature by phase and ambient temperature, and tracking changes in ambient humidity, ambient temperature and external temperature to predict condensation occurrence in real time or an abnormal state determination unit configured to determine an abnormal state by comparing and analyzing characteristics for a certain period of time; an ambient sensor for digitally measuring temperature, humidity, CO gas concentration, and external temperature within the switchboard of the switchgear; When the abnormal condition occurs, an operation command unit that notifies an emergency situation visually or audibly by alerting or audible, and emits a cut-off signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment from a circuit breaker to prevent the spread of damage when an emergency situation occurs; A central monitoring panel that detects abnormal conditions or electrical fire signs from each of the power distribution panels, distribution panels, distribution panels, electric control panels, or solar junction boxes and informs the terminals connected to the network of the detection information or abnormal situation to be monitored by the manager in the remote management room. ; and a circuit breaker that receives a cut-off signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment in order to prevent the spread of damage when an emergency occurs from the operation command unit.

The wireless sensing unit is a secondary induction power generated by installing a non-contact current transformer CT of a certain ratio on the main cable, branch cable or busbar of the switchgear, or electromagnetic induction power induced by installing a coil conductor for operating power near the cable or busbar. A sensor operation power supply device for supplying operation power to the phase-specific IoT current sensor, phase-specific IoT temperature sensor, and information wireless transmission module through the rectifier circuit, smoothing circuit, and compensation circuit; A non-contact instrument current transformer CT of a certain ratio between the size of the primary current flowing in the cable or busbar for each phase of the switchboard and the secondary current of 5 A or less is installed, and the maximum of 5 A that flows after shorting the secondary circuit of the instrument current transformer CT A phase-specific IoT current sensor composed of a magnetic field detection type core type or Hall sensor type PCB substrate semiconductor type IoT current sensor in a secondary circuit; A phase-specific IoT temperature sensor composed of an infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT temperature sensor to determine the cable or busbar temperature condition for each phase; Information wireless transmission of the measured current information of the phase-specific IoT current sensor and the measured temperature information of the phase-specific IoT temperature sensor to the information wireless receiving module of the abnormal state determination unit wirelessly including Bluetooth or Wifi capable of RF (Radio Frequency) band frequency short-range communication Transmission module; consists of.

The abnormal state determining unit may include a wireless receiving module wirelessly receiving current and temperature measurement information of the wireless sensing unit; A setting module that determines a safe range by setting the allowable current for each phase, the allowable temperature for each phase, the allowable ambient temperature, the allowable CO gas concentration, and the allowable humidity for the normal operation of the switchgear; In order to determine the abnormal state of switchgear, selectively compare the degree of imbalance within 30% of the current of each phase and the difference between the temperature of each phase within 10 degrees, compare the temperature of each phase and the ambient temperature, and change the ambient humidity, ambient temperature and external temperature to predict the occurrence of condensation It is configured to include; a comparison analysis module that compares and analyzes real-time or periodic characteristics according to the range of warning blocking.

Infrared or semiconductor IoTCO gas sensor to determine the concentration of CO gas generated in the early stage of a fire in the space inside the switchboard; Infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT internal temperature sensor to determine the temperature state in the switchboard; Infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT internal temperature sensor to determine the external temperature state to measure the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the switchgear; It consists of a semiconductor-type IoT humidity sensor to determine the humidity state in the switchboard.

The operation command unit may include an information transmission module that transmits abnormal state information obtained by comparing and analyzing information of the wireless sensing unit and the surrounding sensing unit to an external central monitoring panel; 12C communication type LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) capable of two-way communication so that managers can visually grasp measurement information including current for each phase, temperature for each phase, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, CO gas concentration, and external temperature by the IoT sensor. Display) a display module that displays through a liquid crystal display module; Attention when determining an abnormal state Current temperature including visual display with rotating or flashing lights in different colors according to warning blocking level, alarm sounding through siren, and auditory notification of information or warning contents with voice A light voice module that determines an abnormal state by wireless detection and ambient detection; In order to prevent the spread of damage in the event of an emergency, the cut-off signal module emits a cut-off signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment from the circuit breaker; consists of.

Information transmission between the information wireless transmission module and the information wireless reception module included in the wireless sensing unit enables 1:1, 1:N, and N:N communication in a short-distance communication method, and modulates transmission information into radio waves and receives and demodulates it. It is characterized by Bluetooth or Wifi communication method of RF (Radio Frequency) in the 2.4GHz band.

The comparative analysis module is a step-by-step process of determining an abnormal state, which is within a safe range for switchgear materials, but a “caution” stage in which the manager should pay attention, a “warning” stage informing of a dangerous imminent state after passing the caution stage, and the abnormal state continues Due to concerns about the spread of accidents, the switchgear is operated and managed in three stages as a “cutoff” stage in which the circuit is cut off at the imminent danger. 95% level of allowable current is set as “warning” stage, “cutoff” stage because there is a possibility of material deformation and insulation breakdown deterioration of cables or busbars when reaching 100% of allowable current.

In the case of the allowable temperature, the comparative analysis module judges “Caution” when it is 20 degrees less than the maximum temperature of the manufacturer’s product standard, “Warning” when it is 10 degrees less than the maximum temperature of the manufacturer’s product standard, and “cutoff” when the maximum temperature is reached. In the case of 3-phase current imbalance is less than 30% according to the electrical safety management job notification, so when it reaches 20%, it is set as “caution” and when it reaches 30%, it is set as “warning” stage. Steps are assumed to be non-existent.

If the switchgear is single-phase, unbalance cannot exist, but if a slight current difference occurs, it is judged that leakage current exists. If the temperature exceeds 5 degrees, it is judged to be “cut off”, and in the case of temperature, according to the regulations of the Electrical Safety Corporation, if the temperature difference between each cable or busbar exceeds 5 degrees, it is “caution”, if it exceeds 7 degrees, it is “warning” and if it exceeds 10 degrees, it is “blocked”.

If the basic ambient temperature of various auxiliary materials of the switchboard is 25 to 30 degrees, considering that the performance of each material decreases due to temperature rise, if it exceeds 40 degrees, “Caution” If it exceeds 50 degrees, “Warning” If it exceeds 60 degrees, “Shutdown” In the case of humidity, considering the possibility of condensation and the effect of deterioration of insulation ability, “Caution” is judged when it is over 60%, “Warning” is “warned” when it is over 70%, and “cut off” is judged when it is over 80%. Caution is given considering the concentration of gas generated at the beginning of deterioration or destruction in the insulator of the cable or busbar.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the switchgear that determines the abnormal state by wireless current temperature sensing and ambient sensing of the present invention has a risk of electric accidents and electrical fires, but many switchboards, switchboards, distribution boards, electric control panels, Current phase equilibrium of input or output of electrical equipment such as solar junction boxes, temperature of cables or busbars, temperature inside and outside the box, humidity, current imbalance degree of electrical equipment by detecting CO gas, normal operation status and fire sign situation In the event of a fire or abnormal situation, the power is cut off, and the abnormal situation of the power system is identified. In case of an abnormal signal, the central monitoring team is notified of the emergency situation, and the malfunction is identified, and the fire is extinguished in the early stages and the damage is prevented from spreading to minimize human and material damage. It has the effect of promoting stable facility operation by predicting abnormal situations in advance.

According to the present invention, since current and temperature are measured with an IoT sensor and data is transmitted through wireless communication, it is possible to simplify wiring and parts to a minimum, thereby reducing costs and maintenance costs and time. In addition, according to the present invention, since various protection, measurement, and control functions are performed by one control device using a microprocessor or DSP chip, the device is miniaturized and the external wiring is simplified, so that the electrical equipment is simple to manufacture.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the set value is exceeded, a first warning is sent to the central monitoring panel and the manager terminal, and the first warning is divided into current, temperature, and humidity in detail and delivered to prevent emergency situations such as fire. When it occurs, it is possible to promptly notify and cut off in case of an abnormal condition by transmitting a second blocking operation command that cuts off the power.

In addition, in the present invention, transmission of a warning text message may be performed in two stages. Step 1 sends a first warning text message when the sensed values are close to a preset reference value (eg, close to 90% of the reference value), and when the value is out of the range of the preset reference value (when the reference value is an upper limit value) If it exceeds the upper limit value, and if the reference value is the lower limit value, if it is less than the lower limit value), a secondary warning text message may be sent.

In addition, the present invention determines according to the result sensed by the IoT current sensor or the IoT temperature sensor, when a problem related to temperature and humidity, a problem related to a circuit breaker trip, a problem related to leakage current, and a problem related to load current occurs, a mobile manager for each step. A warning text message can be sent to the device side.

In addition, the present invention measures the sensor output and the internal temperature of the switchboard for each standard temperature of room temperature 25 ° C, obtains a sensor output compensation value calculation formula for the switchgear temperature value from the data, and stores the coefficient of the calculation formula to obtain the current temperature An output compensation value is calculated by substituting the information into the compensation model, and a final compensated output is calculated by subtracting or adding the calculated output compensation value from the output detected by the sensor.

In the first step of sending the warning text message, the comparative analysis module transmits a first warning text message when the sensed values approach 90% of the reference value, and sends a second warning text message when the value exceeds the reference value. .

The comparative analysis module analyzes the change amount compared to the reference value and sends a first warning text message when the change amount exceeds 90% of the allowable amount, and when the change amount exceeds the maximum or minimum standard value, a second warning is issued when the current state is not normal. send a text message

The comparison and analysis module checks the data of preset environmental variables of the IoT CO gas sensor, IoT internal temperature sensor, and IoT humidity sensor, and the data of the measurement unit that exceeds or falls short of the preset reference value based on the data of the environmental variables. is selected and removed, and an alarm is generated based on the average value of the non-removed data.

The comparison and analysis module is further connected to the real image sensor and the thermal image sensor, so that the temperature distribution data for the synthesized image of the real image and the thermal image to which the white balance corresponding to the enclosed space of the switchgear is applied is converted into an area image or a thermal image when a problem occurs. If the temperature distribution data of the video is out of the allowable range, an alarm is generated.

1 is an overall configuration diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a switchgear that provides voice notification of an abnormal state based on wireless current temperature sensing and ambient sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a condensation expected humidity-temperature characteristic curve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a configuration diagram of an instrument current transformer CT and electromagnetic induction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a configuration diagram of a magnetic field detection type current sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a configuration diagram of a hall sensor type current sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a configuration diagram of a temperature and humidity sensor and a gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a configuration diagram of an infrared temperature sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is a wireless communication configuration diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a configuration diagram of a display unit and a voice reproduction module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a diagram illustrating a case in which an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is added.

The present invention as described above will be described in detail through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

It should be noted that technical terms used in the present invention are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, technical terms used in the present invention should be interpreted in terms commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless specifically defined otherwise in the present invention, and are excessively inclusive. It should not be interpreted in a positive sense or in an excessively reduced sense. In addition, when the technical terms used in the present invention are incorrect technical terms that do not accurately express the spirit of the present invention, they should be replaced with technical terms that those skilled in the art can correctly understand. In addition, general terms used in the present invention should be interpreted as defined in advance or according to context, and should not be interpreted in an excessively reduced sense.

Also, singular expressions used in the present invention include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present invention, terms such as "consisting of" or "comprising" should not be construed as necessarily including all of the various elements or steps described in the invention, and some of the elements or steps are not included. It should be construed that it may not, or may further include additional components or steps.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the same or similar components are assigned the same reference numerals regardless of reference numerals, and redundant description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted. In addition, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings are only for easily understanding the spirit of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the spirit of the present invention by the accompanying drawings.

1 and 2 are diagrams of switchgear configurations for determining an abnormal state by wireless current temperature sensing and ambient sensing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the present invention wirelessly transmits information from an IoT sensor installed on a main cable or branch cable or bus bar input or output to a switchboard wirelessly 100; In order to determine the abnormal state of the switchgear, selectively comparing the degree of imbalance of current by phase and temperature difference by phase, comparing temperature by phase and ambient temperature, and tracking changes in ambient humidity, ambient temperature and external temperature to predict condensation occurrence in real time Alternatively, an abnormal state judgment unit 200 configured to compare and analyze characteristics of a certain period of time to determine an abnormal state; an ambient sensing unit 300 that digitally measures temperature, humidity, CO gas concentration, and external temperature inside the box of the switchgear; When the abnormal condition occurs, the emergency situation is notified visually and audibly with an alarm or voice, and when an emergency occurs, an operation of emitting a blocking signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment at the circuit breaker 700 to prevent the spread of damage. command unit 500; A central monitoring panel that detects abnormal conditions or electrical fire signs from each of the above power distribution panels, distribution panels, distribution panels, electric control panels, or solar junction boxes and informs the terminals connected to the network of the detection information or abnormal situation to be monitored by the manager in the remote management room. (600); and a circuit breaker 700 that receives a cut-off signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment in order to prevent the spread of damage in the event of an emergency from the operation command unit 500.

The wireless sensing unit 100 is a secondary induction power generated by installing a non-contact current transformer CT of a certain ratio on the main cable, branch cable or busbar of the switchgear, or by installing a coil conductor for operating power near the cable or busbar. A sensor operating power supply unit 110 that supplies operating power for the phase-specific IoT current sensor 130, the phase-specific IoT temperature sensor 150, and the information wireless transmission module 170 through the rectifying circuit, smoothing circuit, and compensation circuit for electromagnetic induction power; A non-contact instrument current transformer CT of a certain ratio between the size of the primary current flowing in the cable or bus bar for each phase of the switchboard and the secondary current of 5 A or less is installed, and the maximum of 5 A flowing after short-circuiting the secondary circuit of the instrument current transformer CT A phase-specific IoT current sensor 130 composed of a magnetic field detection type core type or hall sensor type PCB board semiconductor type IoT current sensor in a secondary circuit; A phase-specific IoT temperature sensor 150 composed of an infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT temperature sensor to determine the cable or busbar temperature state for each phase; The measured current information of the phase-specific IoT current sensor 130 and the measured temperature information of the phase-specific IoT temperature sensor 150 are transmitted to the information wireless receiving module 210 of the abnormal state determination unit 200 for RF (Radio Frequency) band frequency short-range communication. It is composed of; information wireless transmission module 170 for wireless transmission including Bluetooth or Wifi.

The abnormal state determining unit 200 includes a wireless receiving module 210 wirelessly receiving current and temperature measurement information of the wireless sensing unit 100; A setting module 230 that determines a safe range by setting the allowable current for each phase, the allowable temperature for each phase, the allowable ambient temperature, the allowable CO gas concentration, and the allowable humidity for the normal operation of the switchgear; In order to determine the abnormal state of switchgear, selectively compare the unbalance degree within 30% of each phase and the temperature difference within 10 degrees per phase, compare the temperature of each phase and the ambient temperature, and change the ambient humidity, ambient temperature and external temperature to predict condensation Comparison and analysis module 250 for comparing and analyzing real-time or periodic characteristics according to the range of warning blocking of attention; is configured to include.

An infrared or semiconductor-type IoT CO gas sensor 310 for determining the concentration of CO gas generated at the beginning of a fire in the space inside the switchboard; In order to grasp the temperature state inside the switchgear, an infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT internal temperature sensor 330; In order to grasp the external temperature state for measuring the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the switchgear, an infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT internal temperature sensor 350; It consists of a semiconductor-type IoT humidity sensor 370 to determine the humidity state inside the switchboard.

The operation command unit 500 includes an information transmission module 510 that transmits the information of the wireless sensing unit 100 and the surrounding sensing unit 300 and the abnormal state information compared and analyzed to the external central monitoring unit 600; 12C communication type LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) capable of two-way communication so that managers can visually grasp measurement information including current for each phase, temperature for each phase, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, CO gas concentration, and external temperature by the IoT sensor. Display) a display module 530 that displays through a liquid crystal display module; Attention when determining an abnormal state Current temperature including visual display with rotating or flashing lights in different colors according to warning blocking level, alarm sounding through siren, and auditory notification of information or warning contents with voice A warning light voice module 550 for voice notification of an abnormal state by determining by wireless detection and ambient detection; It consists of a blocking signal module 570 that emits a blocking signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment from the circuit breaker 700 in order to prevent the spread of damage in the event of an emergency.

Table 1 below shows a method for determining an abnormal state based on current, temperature, and ambient information according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Table 1, in the setting module 230 that determines the safety range in which the normal operation of electrical equipment such as switchgear is possible by determining the abnormal state with current temperature and ambient information according to an embodiment of the present invention, the main cable of the switchgear or Set the range of caution warning blocking in 3 stages by comparing and analyzing the operating voltage, allowable current, allowable temperature, allowable ambient temperature, allowable CO gas concentration, and allowable ambient humidity determined according to the official specifications of the branch cable or busbar manufacturer This is an example of a judgment method of the comparison and analysis module 250 to be performed.

It is a process of judging the abnormal state step by step through the comparative analysis module 250. It is within the safe range for the materials of the switchgear, but the “caution” step that the manager needs to pay attention to, the “warning” step that informs the immediately dangerous state after passing the caution stage, and the abnormal state In the case of allowable current, 90% of the allowable current of the product standard of the cable or busbar manufacturer is “ At the “Caution” stage, 95% of the allowable current is the “Warning” stage, and when reaching 100% of the allowable current, there is a possibility of material deformation and insulation breakdown deterioration of the cable or busbar, so it can be set as the “cutoff” stage.

Even in the case of the allowable temperature, it is judged as “Caution” when it is 20 degrees lower than the maximum temperature of the manufacturer’s product standard, “Warning” when it is 10 degrees lower, and “cutoff” when the maximum temperature is reached. According to the safety management job notification, current imbalance is less than 30%, so when it reaches 20%, it is set as “caution” and when it reaches 30%, it is set as “warning” stage.

In the case of single-phase, unbalance cannot exist, but the meaning of a minute current difference is that leakage current exists. If the current difference exceeds 20mA, it is “Caution”; In the case of temperature, according to the regulations of the Electrical Safety Corporation, if the temperature difference between each cable or busbar exceeds 5 degrees, it is judged as “cutoff”, and if it exceeds 7 degrees, it is “warning” and if it exceeds 10 degrees, it can be set as “cutoff”. there is.

Considering the fact that the basic ambient temperature of various auxiliary materials of the switchgear is 25 to 30 degrees, and also considering the fact that the performance of each material decreases due to temperature rise, if the temperature exceeds 40 degrees, it is “caution” and if it exceeds 50 degrees, it is “warning” 60 If the temperature is over 60%, it is managed as “cut off”, and in case of humidity, it is judged as “Caution” when it is over 60%, “Warning” when it is over 70%, “cut off” when it is over 80%, and CO gas In the case of, it is necessary to set the caution warning level in consideration of the concentration of gas generated at the beginning of deterioration or destruction in the insulator of the wire, cable or busbar, and to set the cut-off phase by a complex judgment such as current temperature, etc. .

Referring to Figure 3, the condensation expected humidity-temperature characteristic curve according to an embodiment of the present invention is a curve that can predict condensation that may occur due to the temperature difference and humidity between the inside and outside of the box in a switchgear composed of a steel enclosure, Example B In the case of D, condensation starts when the temperature drops to 17 degrees at 20 degrees Celsius and 80% humidity, and in the case of D, it can be seen that condensation does not occur even when the temperature drops to 10 degrees at 20 degrees Celsius and 50% humidity.

In this way, by using the characteristic curve, it is possible to predict the occurrence of condensation by detecting the temperature inside the box, humidity inside the box, and outside temperature of the box, and prevent condensation and accidents with heaters or ventilation in advance.

Referring to FIG. 4, an instrument current transformer CT according to an embodiment of the present invention and an instrument current transformer CT used in the phase-specific IoT current sensor 130 and the sensor operation power supply 110 supplied as operating power by electromagnetic induction configuration The principle of operation is the same as that of a transformer.

The operating principle of the transformer and current transformer is that the secondary voltage E2 generates magnetic flux of the primary current i1 according to Ampere's Law in the primary winding N1 in the core, and the magnetic flux passing through the secondary winding N2 and the winding flux (Ф) The induced voltage E2 is generated according to Faraday's Law, which is proportional to the rate of change with respect to time.

[Equation 1]

E2= N2 X dФ/dt

At this time, the secondary voltage is

[Equation 2]

E2=E1 X N2/N1, proportional to the number of turns,

The secondary current is

[Equation 3]

i2 = i1 X N1/N2, which is inversely proportional to the number of turns.

In the case of a transformer, since the primary and secondary voltages are proportional to the number of windings, most transformers that lower the voltage have more windings on the primary side and fewer windings on the secondary side so that a low voltage is applied to the secondary side. There is no problem even if it is open.

However, in the case of current transformers, the secondary current must be lowered to 5A or less in order to measure the large current flowing in the cable or bus bar input and output to the electrical facility, so the secondary winding ratio is higher than that of the primary winding.

For example, if the CT ratio is 1000/5, it corresponds to 200 times the primary winding N1 of the secondary winding N2.

In this case, the terminal voltage applied to the secondary side is 200 times higher than the voltage applied to the primary side. Caution should be exercised as it may lead to a safety accident, electrical burnout, or fire.

Using this principle, the instrument current transformer CT is installed in a non-contact manner on the cable or busbar input or output to the electrical facility to lower the size of the current to 5A or less and send it to the digital measurement equipment. The secondary current of 5A or less flowing short-circuited without opening the circuit is 4-20mA with a PCB substrate semiconductor type IoT current sensor using a non-contact magnetic field detection current transformer core type as in the current sensor configuration of FIG. 5 or a Hall sensor in FIG. 4 It is measured by the output signal of

The example of electromagnetic induction in the lower half of FIG. 4 is a method used for the sensor operation power supply 110 that supplies power for operating IoT sensors or wireless transmission, and a coil for operating power close to a cable or bus bar through which current flows in an electrical facility. By positioning the core, the electromagnetic induced voltage shows the form of a small voltage of the alternating component, and in order to make it an operating power source, remove the negative part through a diode rectification circuit as shown in the circuit at the bottom right of FIG. DC operating power is generated and supplied through the circuit.

At this time, as another method for detecting the operating power, a voltage obtained from a configuration of a separate current transformer CT of FIG. 4 or a current sensor of FIGS. 5 and 6 may be used.

Referring to FIG. 5, a non-contact magnetic field detection type current sensor configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for the IoT current sensor 130 for each phase of the wireless sensing unit 100, and the current in the core as in the current transformer CT of FIG. It is an IoT current sensor by a magnetic field induced by passing through a flowing cable or bus bar.

Referring to FIG. 6, the Hall sensor type current sensor configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention can be practically used for the IoT current sensor 130 for each phase of the wireless sensing unit 100, and the concentration of free electrons carrying current in the conductor. When a magnetic field is applied to a current-carrying conductor, the Hall effect that generates a potential difference, and when the charge in the magnetic field moves, the direction of charge movement and the concentration of particles are determined according to the Lorentz Law will occur

According to this principle, an electronic circuit is configured and coding is performed for operation in a Micro Controller Unit (MCU). Some of the examples are as follows.

Referring to FIG. 7, according to the operating principle of the temperature and humidity sensor and the gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention, in order to detect the temperature state in order to detect abnormal signs or fire signs inside the electrical equipment included in the ambient detection unit 300, infrared rays or A semiconductor type contact or non-contact type IoT internal temperature sensor 330, a semiconductor type IoT humidity sensor 370 for determining the humidity state, and an infrared or semiconductor type for determining the CO gas concentration generated in the early stage of a fire It is a sensor composed of an IoT CO gas sensor 310 and an infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT external temperature sensor 350 to determine the external temperature state of the box.

Among them, the humidity sensor detects water vapor by measuring the electrical resistance between two electrodes of lithium chloride or a polymer or ceramic semiconductor element. The change in resistance between the two electrodes is proportional to the relative humidity.

The higher the relative humidity, the lower the resistance between the electrodes, and the lower the relative humidity, the higher the resistance between the electrodes.

A temperature sensor is also a sensor that uses the change in the resistance value of a ceramic semiconductor, which is a resistor, according to temperature. There is also a characteristic in which the temperature changes rapidly (CTR), and a non-contact type with a secondary characteristic (NTC) in which the resistance value decreases is often used.

In the case of a gas sensor, a sensor detects CO gas in the air. The heater inside the sensor is heated and the gas component in the air sticks to the inner metal film, and the resistance value is changed to detect the gas concentration.

In addition, in the case of a gas sensor, an infrared sensor can also be used.

Referring to FIG. 8, the non-contact infrared temperature sensor configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an infrared non-contact IoT internal temperature sensor 330 and an external IoT temperature sensor used to determine the temperature state for detecting signs of fire inside or outside electrical equipment. It relates to the temperature sensor 350 and is a device for measuring temperature through infrared rays emitted from nearby objects, and is widely used in thermometers and thermal imaging cameras used in homes and hospitals.

All objects above the absolute zero temperature of -273 °C emit or absorb energy according to their temperature, so there is a movement of energy to physically balance the temperature.

If we want to measure the temperature of the object in a non-contact way, the amount of energy emitted from the object is measured using emitted infrared rays, and as shown in FIG. It has a structure that corresponds to the output through the lens, and the lens serves to collect the light emitted from the target object, receives and collects the light through the lens, and does not emit light and receive the returned light.

After applying a filter, only the light in the required area is left, and the rest is excluded through the filter, leaving only the wavelength in the area that the detector can read, and is measured by the detector.

In the detector, photons of light passing through a filter collide with a wide plate, and depending on the number of physically large or small photons colliding, a difference in electrical size occurs at both ends. However, since this signal is too small, it is amplified through an amplification circuit. will make

The amplified signal is linearized because the amount of photons does not increase at a constant rate with temperature.

For example, assuming that the photon quantities measured at 100 °C and 200 °C are 100 and 200, respectively, when the photon quantity is measured at 300 and 150 °C, it may not necessarily be 300 °C and 150 °C.

Therefore, it is linearized with the data on the amount of photons so that the temperature can be measured constantly, and a parameter called emissivity is applied and corrected to send the current/voltage value corresponding to the temperature of the target object to the display device, so that we can see The temperature is expressed as a number.

According to this principle, an electronic circuit is configured and coding is performed for operation in a Micro Controller Unit (MCU). Some of the examples are as follows.

Referring to the lower right of FIG. 8 , a reaction characteristic curve when the whole body approaches the infrared temperature sensor of the example is shown, and the temperature change according to the distance can be grasped from this curve.

Referring to FIG. 9, in the wireless communication configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention, the wireless sensing unit 100 information of the measured current information of the phase-specific IoT current sensor and the measured temperature information of the phase-specific IoT temperature sensor is transmitted wirelessly and the wireless receiving module It is used for the receiving configuration in 210 and is a standard security protocol for exchanging data through a 2.4 GHz wireless link.

Recently, it is a communication method that has applications in many fields such as headsets, video game controllers, livestock trackers, DIY HID Computer Keyboard, right module, homebrew, and wireless MP3-playing speaker.

In particular, it is the best protocol for exchanging relatively small data over a short distance (<100m) and can replace serial communication interfaces, which are wired communication, with wireless ones.

Bluetooth standard is made so that it can operate separately from other protocols in the unlicensed ISM frequency band - 2.4GHz frequency band, which is an RF (RadioFrequancy) band that ZigBee and WiFi also use.

As shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 9, the transmitter of wireless communication receives an input signal from a corresponding sensor and transmits information through the configuration of the following six processes.

1. Drive amplifier - A function that amplifies the input signal for driving

2. Band select filter - Function to remove unnecessary frequency components

3. Power Amplifier - Amplify to send a signal with sufficient power to the final stage

4. Isolator - A function that prevents the reverse flow of the signal and allows it to flow only in the output direction

5. Band select filter - Function to remove unnecessary frequency components

6. Antenna

Finally, the electrical signal changes into electromagnetic waves in the air. The receiving unit of the radiation wireless communication receives the input signal of the transmitting unit as shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 9 and receives the information through the following 11 processes.

1. Antenna - Receives electromagnetic wave signals in the air and transmits them as electrical changes on a wire

2. Band select filter - Function to remove unnecessary frequency components received from the antenna

3. Low noise amplifier - Signal amplification while suppressing received low noise

4. Image reject filter - Image frequency mixing prevention filter function

5. RF down mixer - Function to downconvert and synthesize radio frequency (RF 100KHz~300GHz) to intermediate frequency (IF300Hz~10MHz)

6. RF local oscillator - LO frequency supply required for channel selection

7. Phase locked loop - The role of fixing at a certain frequency

8. Channel select filter - Selects only the desired channels

9. IF amplifier (intermediate frequency amplifier) - the role of signal amplification

10. IF down mixer - Down mixing for conversion to baseband with the original signal loaded

11. IF local oscillator - supplies LO frequency to IF down mixer

Communication in the radio frequency band configured in this way enables 1:1 communication and 1:N communication as shown in FIG. is as follows

Referring to FIG. 10, when an abnormal state is determined by a function included in the display module unit 530 and the warning light voice module 550 of the operation command unit 500 with the configuration of the display module and the voice playback module according to an embodiment of the present invention It relates to an example of a display module configuration visually and a voice playback module configuration that informs information or warning contents audibly and audibly.

Mainly used as the display module 530 is LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), which has a backlight on the back and a liquid crystal on the front, so that the liquid crystal blocks or passes light according to electrical signals. It is a liquid crystal display device that emits light. It can be varied and the brightness can be adjusted, and it is displayed in text. In other words, it is possible to display characters by coding on an MCU or PC.

The warning light voice module 550 constitutes a voice playback module that informs information or warning contents aurally by voice. Whether the status information or warning contents are directly recorded by voice or a mechanical voice is used, it is played back in the corresponding state to inform the manager or user Examples of devices that enable auditory attention can be seen.

Since the audio waveform is a continuously changing analog signal that cannot be recorded and input, it is divided at a certain time interval through sampling, converted to digital through ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), stored, quantized, stored, and played back. These principles can be applied in a practical way.

In addition, the comparison and analysis module 250, in the first step of sending the warning text message, sends a first warning text message when the sensed values approach 90% of the reference value, and sends a second warning text message when the value exceeds the reference value. Sends a message or analyzes the amount of change compared to the standard value, and if the change is over 90% of the allowable amount, the 1st warning text message is sent. Sending a message or checking the data of preset environmental variables of the IoT CO gas sensor 310, the IoT internal temperature sensor 330, 350, and the IoT humidity sensor 370, and based on the data of the environmental variables in advance Selecting and removing data from the measuring unit that exceeds or falls short of a set reference value, and generating an alarm based on the average value of the non-removed data.

Meanwhile, FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a case in which an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is added.

As shown in FIG. 11 , a real image sensor 391 and a thermal image sensor 392 may be further included in the ambient sensor 300 in addition to the IoT current sensor and the IoT temperature sensor.

A real image corresponding to the closed space of the switchgear is captured using the real image sensor, and a thermal image corresponding to the closed space of the switchboard is captured using the thermal image sensor, and an edge of the real image is extracted and the thermal image is overlapped with the edge to create a composite image, and after comparing and matching the real image with a plurality of images or images stored in the database, the temperature distribution data for the thermal image corresponding to the closed space of the switchgear is the area when a problem occurs. If the temperature distribution data of the image or video is out of the allowable range, an alarm is generated.

At this time, in order to clearly obtain the real image, it may be converted into a real image to which white balance, which is the background color of the switchgear, is applied.

That is, it is further connected to the real image sensor 391 and the thermal image sensor 392, and the temperature distribution data for the composite image of the real image and the thermal image to which the white balance corresponding to the closed space of the switchboard is applied is stored in the area when a problem occurs. An alarm can be generated if the temperature distribution data of the image or video is out of the allowable range.

Therefore, it is possible to use a camera or an image sensor to replace the role of the temperature sensor or to replace the temperature sensor when it is out of order.

Although the present invention has been described with the above examples, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these examples, and may be variously modified and implemented without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

Therefore, the examples disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention, but to explain, and the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

100: wireless sensing unit
110: sensor operation power supply
130: IoT current sensor for each phase
150: IoT temperature sensor for each phase
170: information wireless transmission module
200: abnormal state judgment unit
210: information wireless receiving module
230: setting module
250: comparative analysis module
300: ambient sensing unit
310: IoT CO gas sensor
330: IoT internal temperature sensor
350: IoT external temperature sensor
370: IoT humidity sensor
500: operation command unit
510: information transmission module
530: display module
550: light voice module
570: blocking signal module
600: central monitoring team
700: circuit breaker

Claims (8)

A wireless sensing unit 100 that wirelessly transmits information from an IoT sensor installed on a main cable or branch cable input or output to a switchboard or a bus bar;
In order to determine the abnormal state of the switchgear, selectively comparing the degree of imbalance of current by phase and temperature difference by phase, comparing temperature by phase and ambient temperature, and tracking changes in ambient humidity, ambient temperature and external temperature to predict condensation occurrence in real time or an abnormal state determination unit 200 configured to determine an abnormal state by comparing and analyzing characteristics for a certain period of time;
an ambient sensing unit 300 that digitally measures temperature, humidity, CO gas concentration, and external temperature inside the box of the switchgear;
When the abnormal condition occurs, the emergency situation is notified visually and audibly with an alarm or voice, and when an emergency occurs, an operation of emitting a blocking signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment at the circuit breaker 700 to prevent the spread of damage. command unit 500;
Detect abnormal conditions or electrical fire signs from the switchboard, switchboard, distribution board, electric control panel, or solar junction box to which the switchboard is applied, notify the terminals connected to the network of the detection information or abnormal situation, and monitor the manager from the remote management office central monitoring team (600);
A circuit breaker 700 that receives a cut-off signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment to prevent the spread of damage in the event of an emergency from the operation command unit 500; including
The abnormal state determination unit 200,
a wireless receiving module 210 wirelessly receiving current and temperature measurement information of the wireless sensing unit 100;
A setting module 230 that determines a safe range by setting the allowable current for each phase, the allowable temperature for each phase, the allowable ambient temperature, the allowable CO gas concentration, and the allowable humidity for the normal operation of the switchgear;
In order to determine the abnormal state of switchgear, selectively compare the unbalance degree within 30% of each phase and the temperature difference within 10 degrees per phase, compare the temperature of each phase and the ambient temperature, and change the ambient humidity, ambient temperature and external temperature to predict condensation Comparison and analysis module 250 for comparing and analyzing real-time or periodic characteristics according to the range of warning blocking;
When a minute current difference occurs in the switchgear, it is judged that there is a leakage current, and if the current difference exceeds 20mA, it is judged “Caution”, if it exceeds 30mA affecting the human body, it is “warned”, and if it exceeds 40mA, it is judged to be “cut off”, and the temperature In the case of, according to the regulations of the Electrical Safety Corporation, if the temperature difference between each cable or busbar exceeds 5 degrees, it is set as “caution”, if it exceeds 7 degrees, it is “warning” and if it exceeds 10 degrees, it is set as “cutoff” step,
When the basic ambient temperature of the plurality of auxiliary materials of the switchgear is 25 to 30 degrees, considering the fact that the performance of each material decreases due to temperature rise, if it exceeds 40 degrees, “Caution” If it exceeds 50 degrees, “Warning” If it exceeds 60 degrees, “Shutdown” In the case of humidity, considering the possibility of condensation and the effect of deterioration of insulation ability, “Caution” is judged when it is over 60%, “Warning” is “warned” when it is over 70%, and “block” is judged when it is over 80%. Abnormal condition voice notification switchboard, characterized in that the warning level is set in consideration of the concentration of gas generated at the beginning of deterioration or destruction in the insulator of the cable or busbar. The method of claim 1,
The wireless sensing unit 100,
The rectifier circuit smoothing circuit compensates for the secondary induction power generated by installing a non-contact current transformer CT of a certain ratio on the main or branch cable or busbar of the switchboard or the electromagnetic induction power induced by installing a coil conductor for operating power near the cable or busbar. A sensor operation power supply 110 that supplies operating power to the phase-specific IoT current sensor 130, the phase-specific IoT temperature sensor 150, and the wireless information transmission module 170 through a circuit;
A non-contact instrument current transformer CT of a certain ratio between the size of the primary current flowing in the cable or busbar for each phase of the switchboard and the secondary current of 5 A or less is installed, and the maximum of 5 A that flows after shorting the secondary circuit of the instrument current transformer CT A phase-specific IoT current sensor 130 composed of a magnetic field detection type core type or Hall sensor type PCB board semiconductor type IoT current sensor in a secondary circuit; A phase-specific IoT temperature sensor 150 composed of an infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT temperature sensor to determine the cable or busbar temperature state for each phase; The measured current information of the phase-specific IoT current sensor 130 and the measured temperature information of the phase-specific IoT temperature sensor 150 are transmitted to the information wireless receiving module 210 of the abnormal state determination unit 200 for RF (Radio Frequency) band frequency short-range communication. An abnormal state voice notification switchboard characterized in that it consists of; an information wireless transmission module 170 for wireless transmission including Bluetooth or Wifi capable of delete The method of claim 1,
The ambient sensing unit 300,
An infrared or semiconductor-type IoT CO gas sensor 310 for determining the concentration of CO gas generated at the beginning of a fire in the space inside the switchboard;
An infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT internal temperature sensor 330 to determine the temperature state inside the switchboard;
In order to grasp the external temperature state for measuring the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the switchgear, an infrared or semiconductor type contact or non-contact IoT internal temperature sensor 350;
An abnormal state voice notification switchboard characterized in that it consists of; a semiconductor-type IoT humidity sensor 370 for grasping the humidity state inside the switchboard. The method of claim 1,
The operation command unit 500,
an information delivery module 510 that transmits the information of the wireless sensing unit 100 and the surrounding sensing unit 300 and the abnormal condition information that is compared and analyzed to the external central monitoring unit 600;
12C communication type LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) capable of two-way communication so that managers can visually grasp measurement information including current for each phase, temperature for each phase, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, CO gas concentration, and external temperature by the IoT sensor. Display) a display module 530 that displays through a liquid crystal display module;
Attention when determining an abnormal state Current temperature including visual display with rotating or flashing lights in different colors according to warning blocking level, alarm sounding through siren, and auditory notification of information or warning contents with voice A warning light voice module 550 for voice notification of an abnormal state by determining by wireless detection and ambient detection;
In order to prevent the spread of damage in the event of an emergency, a cut-off signal module 570 that emits a cut-off signal capable of cutting off the power of electrical equipment at the circuit breaker 700; An abnormal state voice notification switchboard characterized in that it consists of. The method of claim 2,
Information transmission between the information wireless transmission module 170 and the information wireless reception module 210 included in the wireless sensing unit 100 is a short-distance communication method, and 1:1, 1:N, and N:N communication is possible, and transmission Abnormal condition voice notification switchboard characterized by Bluetooth or Wifi communication method of RF (Radio Frequency) in 2.4GHz band that modulates and transmits information with radio waves and receives and demodulates it. The method of claim 1,
The comparative analysis module 250,
It is a process of judging the abnormal condition in each step. It is a safe range for switchgear materials, but the “caution” step that the manager needs to pay attention to, the “warning” step that informs a dangerous imminent state after the caution step, and the switchgear due to concerns about the spread of accidents due to the continued abnormal condition In the case of allowable current, 90% of the allowable current of the product standard of the cable or busbar manufacturer is the “caution” step, 95 of the allowable current The % level is the “warning” stage, and when reaching 100% of the allowable current, there is a possibility of material deformation and insulation breakdown deterioration of the cable or busbar.
In the case of the allowable temperature, it is judged as “Caution” when it is 20 degrees lower than the maximum temperature of the manufacturer’s product standard, “Warning” when it is 10 degrees lower, and “cutoff” when the maximum temperature is reached. According to the management job notification, the current imbalance is less than 30%, so when it reaches 20%, it is set as “caution” and when it reaches 30%, it is set as “warning” stage. Abnormal condition voice notification switchgear. delete

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