KR102517476B1 - Pole cap reinforced pressure vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fiber reinforced pressure vessel (1) with a fiber reinforced pole cap (12) and a method (100) for manufacturing a corresponding pressure vessel (1) with these pole caps (12). Here, the method includes applying (220) a fiber composite material (FVM) onto a provided winding body (100) having the shape of a pole cap at at least one end (110) using a winding process; intermediate curing (230) the fiber composite material (FVM) for dimensional stabilization; However, the fiber composite material (FVM) remains chemically active for subsequent crosslinking; Cutting (240) the fiber composite material for manufacturing the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 separated from the winding body (250) and disposed (260) on the liner underlayment of the pressure vessel 1 (240), followed by the pole cap reinforcement layer ( 32) is cross-linked with the fiber composite material of the pressure vessel to produce the pressure vessel reinforcement layer 3.

Description

Pole cap reinforced pressure vessel

The present invention relates to fiber-reinforced pressure vessels with fiber-reinforced pole caps and methods of making corresponding pressure vessels with these pole-caps.

The market for fiber-reinforced pressure vessels made of fiber composite materials continues to grow. Increased production of natural gas and fracking gas requires the gas to be stored in pressure vessels, especially in countries that do not have adequate pipeline systems, and also the automotive industry, which is heavily involved in the development of fuel cell vehicles, has the fuel converted into gaseous hydrogen under high pressure. It has to be stored in a pressure vessel, and it is preferable that it be a lightweight vessel because transporting a heavy pressure vessel in connection with the transportation of the pressure vessel is associated with an unnecessarily large amount of energy consumption and causes too high transport costs.

Currently used pressure vessels have a cylindrical central portion on both sides provided with pole caps to close the central portion; Such pressure vessels are manufactured using, for example, a fiber winding method. There, a liner (inner container for pressure vessels) is used, which on the one hand acts as a winding core and on the other hand ensures the tightness of the container. To manufacture the pressure vessel, this liner is overwrapped with a fiber composite material, which reinforces the fibers to ensure that the pressure vessel attains stability. Liners used for Type 3 pressure vessels are made of metal, such as aluminum or steel, and liners for Type 4 pressure vessels are made of plastic. The outer layer therein includes both a circumferential layer and a so-called helical layer to provide pressure strength in both radial and axial directions. The fibers in the circumferential layer have a tangential fiber direction, providing the pressure intensity in the circumferential direction in the cylindrical part of the pressure vessel, and the helical layer provides the axial pressure intensity in the pressure vessel in the central part as well as the internal pressure in this area. Cover the pole cap to absorb.

Winding the fibers there by means of a helical layer to reinforce the pole cap of the pressure vessel requires more fiber material than is needed to axially reinforce the cylindrical center. However, the continuous winding process involves continuously placing spiral layers over the pole caps and the central portion, whereby a lot of fiber material must be used in the central portion.

Alternatively, the polecap may also be reinforced by placing pre-impregnated fiber sections (so-called prepregs) which are used to subsequently wrap the complete pressure vessel into a spiral layer of thin layer thickness. However, this process is disadvantageous because it is complicated in terms of cost and time.

It would therefore be desirable to have a pressure vessel and a corresponding manufacturing method in which the pressure vessel and its pole cap can be effectively and cost-effectively and time-effectively strengthened using as little fiber composite material as possible.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a pressure vessel and a corresponding method for manufacturing said pressure vessel in which the pole cap of the pressure vessel can be strengthened cost-effectively and time-effectively using the smallest possible amount of fiber composite material.

This object is achieved by a method of manufacturing a reinforced pressure vessel having a cylindrical central portion and pole caps closing the central portion on both sides, comprising a liner underlay and a fiber composite material applied as a pressure vessel reinforcement layer on the liner underlay.

The method includes: providing a first winding body comprising at least one domed end corresponding to a cylindrical center layer and a shape of a liner underlay of the polecap;

applying a fiber composite material onto at least the end and central layers of the first winding body using a winding process;

using a suitable intermediate curing process to stabilize the shape of the wound fiber composite material;

cutting at least the fiber composite material between the end and middle layer using a suitable cutting process to create a polecap reinforcement layer, eg at the transition from end to center layer;

Optionally, machining the edge area of the cutting area to enlarge the contact surface for subsequent overlapping, and corresponding shaping of the contact surface for stress-dependent load transfer between the pole cap reinforcement and subsequent overlapping during manufacture of the subsequent pressure vessel. performing;

separating the pole-cap reinforcement layer from the first winding body, and then disposing the separated pole-cap reinforcement layer on each liner underlayment of the pressure vessel pole cap;

applying a fiber composite material on a liner overlapped with a separately manufactured pole-cap reinforcing layer using a winding process;

and crosslinking the pole cap reinforcement layer and the additional fiber composite material.

In general, fiber composite materials consist of two main components, which are fibers embedded in a matrix material that creates a strong bond between the fibers. Here, the fiber composite material may be wound from one fiber or a plurality of fibers, and the fiber(s) are wound closely to each other in contact with each other. This results in a fibrous layer, in which the fiber composite material is wound with further fibrous layers on this fibrous layer until it has the desired thickness and presents a corresponding reinforcing layer with this thickness. In one embodiment, the pressure vessel reinforcement layer includes first and additional fibers, such as second fibers, in a plurality of fiber layers. The composite provides high-quality fiber composite properties, such as higher strength than either of the two individual components involved can provide, and the reinforcing effect of the fibers in the fiber direction is such that the modulus of elasticity of the fibers in the longitudinal direction is greater than that of the matrix material. When the modulus of elasticity of is exceeded, the elongation at break of the matrix material exceeds the elongation at break of the fiber, and the breaking strength of the fiber exceeds the breaking strength of the matrix material, and the fiber that can be used is any kind of fiber. , for example glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, steel fibers, natural fibers or synthetic fibers, and the matrix materials used may be, for example, duromers, elastomers and thermoplastics. The material properties of fibers and matrix materials are known to the person skilled in the art, so that the person skilled in the art can select a suitable combination of fibers and matrix material to produce a fiber composite material for a particular application, wherein the individual fiber layers in the fiber composite region are a single layer. It may contain a fiber or a plurality of identical or different fibers.

Cylindrical pressure vessels include a cylindrical portion, referred to as a central portion, which typically has a circular cross-sectional area perpendicular to the cylinder axis. In order to allow pressurized gas to be stored in this pressure vessel, the cylindrical surface of the central part is closed with a domed cover surface, i.e. a pole cap, and these geometric considerations are taken into account to strengthen the inner container, the so-called liner and the inner container (liner). liner), the same applies to pressure vessels composed of an outer layer wound over a so-called pressure vessel reinforcement layer to consequently obtain the stability of the pressure vessel. Liners used in Type 3 pressure vessels are made of metal, such as aluminum or steel, and liners used in Type 4 pressure vessels are made of plastic. The pressure vessel reinforcement layer is used to provide the required stability of the pressure vessel, especially in the case of a plastic liner, and the inner vessel is used as an underlay for the pressure vessel reinforcement layer, henceforth also referred to as a liner underlay.

On the one hand, these containers have a very low weight, which is important for applications in, for example, vehicles, and on the other hand, suitable plastics have a very low hydrogen permeability and the required strength is achieved by a pressure vessel reinforcement layer made of a fiber composite material. Gases such as hydrogen can be stored under high pressure with low losses. Accordingly, the pressure vessel according to the present invention comprises a liner underlay as an inner vessel having a shape deviating from a domed cover surface, i.e. a pole cap, preferably a hemisphere, the edge region adjacent to the cylindrical central portion of the inner vessel having a hemispherical shape. The central region of the polecap has a smaller curvature to the hemispherical surface, while it has a greater curvature to the surface. A particularly suitable such pole cap has the shape of an isotensoid.

In order to further reinforce the pole cap with a fiber composite material as a pole cap reinforcement layer, the pole cap reinforcement layer is prefabricated separately from the pressure vessel and the liner underlay, and the first winding body (and the central part support) used for this purpose The additional end on the opposite side) is essentially only the end of the winding body overlapped here from the essential, and the central support of the winding body is eventually used only to return the fibrous material for additional overlap, so the pole cap with desired mechanical properties and less material input. It makes it possible to manufacture a reinforcement layer.

Here, the term "first winding body" refers to a winding body on which a pole-cap reinforcement layer is manufactured, and the second winding body refers to a center liner underlay in which a pole-cap reinforcement layer is disposed in a pole-cap region.

The polecap reinforcement layer to be subsequently placed on the liner underlay is prefabricated only to the extent that it can be separated from the primary winding in a dimensionally stable manner. The cross-linking ability of the pole cap reinforcement layer can be maintained after intermediate curing, enabling stable cross-linking with the later applied fiber composite material of the pressure vessel to create the final pressure vessel reinforcement layer for the entire pressure vessel. The pole cap reinforcement layer may also be covered with a structural material during manufacture, which is again removed after an intermediate curing process to allow good bonding with the fiber composite material of the pressure vessel applied thereafter. To achieve this, an intermediate curing process is carried out at a temperature and process duration suitable for the matrix material, which may then be carried out so that the matrix material remains chemically still, and the resulting polecap reinforcement on the first winding body. The layer is cut after an intermediate curing process so that it can be removed from the first winding body. Here the wall thickness of the polecap reinforcing layer can be reduced towards the cut surface by machining, which allows a larger contact surface of the cut area with the reinforcing area to be applied later, or the surface of the liner to avoid peak loads. You can wind it up in an appropriate way later. Cutting here can be achieved by any procedure suitable for cutting fiber composite materials, for example by sawing, turning or water jet cutting, wherein what can be wound is a winding body. Since it is only a fiber composite material wound on the upper part, the wound body can be reused thereafter. As an alternative, however, it is also possible to cut the entire winding body comprising the fiber composite material wound thereon in order to subsequently separate the resulting pole-cap reinforcement layer from the remainder of the winding body thereafter.

The remaining cut edges between the pole cap reinforcement layer and the later applied reinforcement layer are filled with the matrix material or fiber composite material and are removed by the final cross-linking of the matrix material of the two reinforcement layers as a result of the layered common pressure vessel reinforcement. Here, the final crosslinking process is performed with parameters suitable for the matrix, and by separately preparing the pole-cap reinforcement layer, an ideal fiber run for pole-cap reinforcement can be achieved during the winding process of the pole-cap reinforcement layer.

By providing polecap reinforcement, the later applied helical layer of fiber composite layer can be thinner in the central region than would otherwise have to be wound onto the pressure vessel.

Accordingly, the method according to the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a pressure vessel capable of efficiently, cost-effectively and time-effectively reinforcing the pole cap of a pressure vessel using as little fiber composite material as possible.

In one embodiment of the method the fiber composite material is applied on the first winding body and the pole cap reinforcement layer comprises a first fiber layer having a first winding direction of the fibers of the fiber material for example less than 20 degrees in the tangential direction; , in each case from 20 to 80 degrees, preferably from 65 to 75 degrees to the axis of the cylinder of the central support. Here, the cylinder axis of the winding body corresponds to the cylinder axis of the pressure vessel later, the fiber direction in the first fiber layer causes good reinforcement of the pole cap reinforcing layer in the center region of the pole cap, that is, around the cylinder axis, and the fiber direction of the second fiber layer results in good reinforcement of the polecap reinforcement layer in the edge region of the polecap adjacent to the central portion of the pressure vessel. Depending on the shape and pressure conditions in the pressure vessel, the pole cap reinforcement layer may be composed of, for example, only first or second fiber layers or a combination of the first and second fiber layers, which may be alternately arranged in the layer order in the pole cap reinforcement layer.

In one embodiment, the first fiber layer is applied over the entire end of the first winding body to provide a closed pole-cap reinforcement layer that can be well cross-linked with the central reinforcement layer in the edge region of the pole cap.

In a further embodiment the second fibrous layer is applied over and beyond the ends of the first windings in at least one limited area only, preferably at least one of said limited areas is at the edge of the central support and an end adjacent to the central support. It covers the area, which should cover the central support for the continuous winding procedure, and after the fiber composite layer is cut, the covered area is arranged in the edge area of the pole cap, where the fiber run of the second fiber layer results in optimum reinforcement.

Applying the fibrous material in a further embodiment of the method includes the following steps:

- applying at least one first fibrous layer onto the first winding body;

- applying at least one second fibrous layer onto the first fibrous layer;

- preferably overlapping the preceding first and/or second fibrous layer with at least one further first fibrous layer. This layer sequence ensures that the central area of the polecap in the middle and the edge area adjacent to the central part of the pressure vessel can be completely reinforced using a small amount of fiber composite material.

In another embodiment of the method, one end having a shape corresponding to the underlay of the liner of the pole cap is disposed on both sides of the central support, and the cylindrical central support of the winding body connecting both ends to each other is at the height of the domed end of the cylinder shaft. Having a length along the axis of the cylinder of the central support that is smaller, there will be a small amount of waste fiber composite material on the remaining central support after the wound fiber composite material forming the pole cap reinforcing layer is cut to separate from the winding body. In a preferred embodiment, the length (LW) is one less than the height (HP), the winding process for applying the fiber composite material is carried out over both ends, the length of the central support matches the cutting width during cutting and the pressure vessel's Waste can be avoided if necessary because of a possible machining process with suitable contours for better force transfer to the fiber composite layer to be applied further during manufacture, in a further embodiment the length of the central support is such that the step of cutting the fiber composite material It is tailored to create two separate polecap reinforcement layers without creating waste inside.

In another embodiment of the method, the method includes the additional step of mechanically removing the fiber composite material from the region on and adjacent to the central support on the end(s) of the first winding, said additional step comprising an intermediate curing process. It is performed between the step of using and the step of cutting at least the fiber composite material, and the subsequent pole-cap reinforcing layer is provided with an outer layer at least partially parallel to the axis of the cylinder in the region to be removed. The mechanical removal already prepares the corresponding area of the subsequent polecap reinforcement layer for the step of overlapping the central portion reinforcement layer with the fiber composite material, and the area created by the removal parallel to the cylinder axis allows the overlapped fiber composite material to be in place. The fiber direction of the fiber composite material of the central reinforcing layer wound in the removed area has a tangential direction, that is, a fiber angle of 80 degrees or more with respect to the cylinder axis of the pressure vessel. Thus, this represents a perfect reinforcement layer for the edge region of the pole cap, in which case the pole cap reinforcement layer itself need not include a second fibrous layer in the edge region of the pole cap adjacent to the central part of the pressure vessel.

In another embodiment the method includes the additional step of mechanically removing the fiber composite material above the central support and in the region adjacent to the end(s) of the first winding, said additional step comprising using an intermediate cure process; It is carried out at least between the steps of cutting the fiber composite material, and the subsequent pole-cap reinforcement layer is provided with an outer layer at least partially at an angle greater than 0 degrees in the area subjected to removal, for example inclined or perpendicular to the cylinder axis.

In a further embodiment the method includes the additional step of overlapping the polecap reinforcement layer in a region of the polecap reinforcement layer adjacent the central portion, which slides in the fiber direction at least 80 degrees with respect to the cylinder axis of the central portion relative to the fiber direction. Allows for prevention of over-wrapping.

In a further embodiment the method includes an additional step of overlapping the pole-cap reinforcement layer and the central portion with an additional fiber composite material, all fiber angles may be used here: similar to the first fiber layer, the pole-cap reinforcement layer of the pole-cap reinforcement layer A small fiber angle overlapping the entire surface, similar to the second fiber layer, a larger fiber angle not overlapping the entire surface of the pole cap reinforcement layer and exceeding 80 degrees to the cylinder axis of the central portion of the circumferential layer, the center portion and pole cap reinforcement It is located in a limited area of the floor.

In another embodiment of the method the liner underlay has a shoulder at the transition to the polecap in the midsection, the shoulder forming a stop on which the polecap reinforcement layer will be placed, then the shoulder is placed up to the stop of The polecap reinforcement layer can thus be placed on the liner underlay in an easy and stable manner and without risk of being out of place.

The present invention also relates to a pressure vessel having a cylindrical central portion and pole caps closing the central portion on both sides, comprising a liner underlay and a fiber composite material applied to the liner underlay as a pressure vessel reinforcement layer, wherein A pole-cap reinforcement layer made as a separate fiber composite material is placed on a liner underlay, and the pole-cap reinforcement layer has a cutting edge toward the central portion of the pressure vessel, wherein the pole-cap reinforcement layer is in mechanical contact with the pole-cap reinforcement layer to It is cross-linked with other fiber composite materials in the central portion of the pressure vessel to form a pressure vessel reinforcement layer. The cutting edge corresponds to the cutting edge at which the fiber composite material is cut in the winding body, where the cutting edge is perpendicular to or extended along the slope. If necessary, certain gaps between the reinforcing layers can subsequently be filled with a matrix material to ensure complete crosslinking at the cutting edge.

In one embodiment, the pole cap reinforcement layer is such that the liner underlay for the pole cap is covered over the entire surface, that is, 20 to 80 degrees to the cylinder, preferably 65 to 75 degrees to the surface with the second winding direction of the fiber, eg less than 20 degrees and tangentially down to eg the boss and/or the axis of the central portion of the second fiber layer relative to the axis of the cylinder of the small central portion partially covering the liner underlay for the polecap only in one or more limited areas. and a first fibrous layer having a first winding direction of fibers at an angle. As a result, both the center area of the pole cap and its edge area can be perfectly reinforced.

In another embodiment the second fibrous layer is arranged adjacent to the central part of the pressure vessel at least in the region of the pole cap, whereby the edge region of the pole cap is completely reinforced.

In a further embodiment the pole cap reinforcement layer comprises at least one first fibrous layer in contact with the liner underlayer of the pole cap and at least one second fibrous layer on the first fibrous layer(s), and in a preferred embodiment the preceding first and/or second fibrous layer. 2 fibrous layers are overwrapped with one or more additional first fibrous layers, and this series of fibrous layers in the polecap reinforcing layer reinforces the polecap in a particularly perfect manner.

In a further embodiment the liner underlay has shoulders at the midsection to polecap transition, which form stops for the deployed polecap reinforcement layer. The polecap reinforcement layer is thus placed in a stable manner and there is no risk of being placed on the liner underlay.

In another embodiment, the pole cap reinforcement layer and the central portion of the pressure vessel are overlapped with an additional fiber composite material. All fiber angles can be used here: small fiber angles that cover the entire surface of the pole-cap reinforcement layer, similar to the first fiber layer, larger fiber angles in the central part that do not cover the entire surface of the pole-cap reinforcement layer, similar to the second fiber layer, and It includes a circumferential layer and a fibrous layer exceeding 80 degrees with respect to the axis of a cylinder in a central portion disposed in a limited area of the pole cap reinforcement layer.

In another embodiment, the pole cap reinforcement layer has an outer layer in a region adjacent to the central portion, the outer layer extending parallel to the cylinder axis of the central portion. As a result, in one embodiment, the pole-cap reinforcement layer can be overlapped in a non-slip manner and in the pole-cap reinforcement area adjacent to the central part in the fiber direction at 80 degrees or more with respect to the cylinder axis of the central part.

These and other aspects of the invention are described in detail with reference to the following drawings.

The present invention can provide a pressure vessel and a corresponding manufacturing method in which the pressure vessel and the pole cap of the pressure vessel can be effectively reinforced cost-effectively and time-effectively using as little fiber composite material as possible.

1 is a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a method according to the invention for the individual method steps;
2 is a side cross-sectional view of various embodiments (a) to (c) of a pole cap reinforcement layer obtained by the method according to the present invention;
3 is a view showing another embodiment of a pole cap reinforcement layer according to the method according to the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the present invention;
5 is a cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the present invention, showing a pole cap reinforcing layer overlapped in an area adjacent to a central portion;
6 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the present invention having a shoulder as a stop for a pole cap reinforcement cap;
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention for manufacturing a reinforced pressure vessel, eg according to FIG. 4 .

1 is a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a method according to the invention for the individual method steps. The first winding body 100 provided in the illustrated example includes a cylindrical central support portion 120 surrounded by end portions 110 on both sides, and the end portion 110 is a liner underlay 2 of the pole cap 12. The cylindrical central support 120 connecting the two ends 110 to each other has a length LW obviously smaller than the height HP of the domed end 110 along the cylinder axis ZA of the central support. have However, for clarity, the length LW is not shown as being one order of magnitude smaller than the height HP in the example shown. Here, the area of the end 110 adjacent to the central support 120 is indicated as an edge area 110r. The winding process for applying 220 the fiber composite material (FVM) is carried out over the two ends 110 of the first winding body 100, by means of an intermediate curing process (not shown in the illustrated example). The layer (pole cap reinforcement layer 32) composed of dimensionally stabilized and wound fiber composite material (FVM) is cut during the cutting step 240 to manufacture the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 using an appropriate cutting method in the illustrated example. It is cut ( 240 ) at the transition between the ends ( 110 ) through the central support ( 120 ) along the cutting plane ( 130 ). Subsequently, by separating the two pole-cap central reinforcement layers 31 from the first winding body 100 (250), two separate pole-cap reinforcement layers 32 are obtained, and the separate pole-cap reinforcement layers 32 The silver liner is prepared to be placed on the underlayment 2. Due to the shape of the first winding body 100, the fibers of the fiber composite material can be wound on the end 110 in an optimal fiber direction in a continuous process, thereby having a small layer thickness, so that the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 High stability and strength can be obtained, consuming only a small amount of fiber composite material (FVM), and because the length of the central support 120 is short, there is little or only waste of the fiber composite material after cutting, resulting in good reinforcement of the pole cap 12. significantly reduces the amount of material used for

2 is a side cross-sectional view of various embodiments (a) to (c) of the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 obtained by the method according to the present invention. According to embodiment (a), the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 is so small that the fibers of the fiber material (FVM) have a first winding direction so that the central support applied over the entire end 110 of the first winding body 100 ( 120) is formed by the first fiber layer 321 at an angle to the cylinder axis ZA. According to embodiment (b), a second fiber layer 322 having a second winding direction of fibers between 20 and 80 degrees, preferably between 65 and 75 degrees, with respect to the cylinder axis ZA of the central support 120 Following (a), it was applied onto the first fiber layer 321. In the illustrated example these second fibrous layers 322 are applied on the first fibrous layer 321 only in three different limited areas 32b. In the illustrated example, specific areas are shown for illustrative purposes only. It is advantageous here that at least one of the restricted regions 32b covers the edge region 110r of the end 110 during the winding process. According to embodiment (c), the fibrous layers 321 and 322 are further overwrapped with a further first fibrous layer 321 following (b). This fibrous layer (321, 322, 321) package represents a particularly robust pole cap reinforcement layer (32).

3 shows another embodiment of the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 according to the method according to the present invention, where the fiber composite material (FVM) is the end of the first winding body 100 on the central support 120 ( 110) is mechanically removed (235) from the upper confined area (32b). Removal can be effected, for example, by grinding. To ensure that the material can be accurately removed, this step is only performed after the intermediate cure process 230 has been performed on the highly dimensionally stable fiber composite material (FVM). Thus, the rear pole-cap reinforcement layer 32 is provided with an outer layer 32a extending parallel to the cylinder axis ZA in the limited area 32b of the pole-cap reinforcement layer removed in the illustrated example.

FIG. 4 shows a liner underlayment 2 and a cylindrical center portion 11 comprising a fiber composite material (FVM) employed on the liner underlayment 2 as the pressure vessel reinforcement layer 3 and the cylindrical center portion 11 from both sides. A side sectional view of an embodiment of a pressure vessel 1 according to the present invention having a closing pole cap 12 . Here, the pole-cap reinforcement layer 32 created as a separate fiber composite material (FVM) is applied on the liner underlayment 2, the pole-cap reinforcement layer 32 facing the cylindrical central part 11 of the pressure vessel 2. It has a cut edge 15, and at the cut edge 15, the pole cap reinforcing layer 32 is cross-linked with another fiber composite material (FVM) of the cylindrical central portion 11 of the pressure vessel 1 to form a pole cap reinforcing layer 32 and The pressure vessel reinforcement layer 3 is formed in mechanical contact. One of the pole caps additionally has a valve 13 for filling the pressure vessel with filling gas and shutting off the filling gas.

There, the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 includes a first fiber layer 321 having a first winding direction of fibers about the cylinder axis ZA of the cylindrical central portion 11, so that the liner underlayment 2 for the pole cap 12 ) can be covered over the entire surface, and the second winding direction of the fibers is between 20 and 80 degrees, preferably between 65 and 75 degrees, and/or the surface and/or the second fibrous layer 322 has one or more limited areas 32b; Partially covers the liner underlayment 2 for the pole cap 12 only (not shown in detail in the example). Here, the second fibrous layer 322 can be arranged adjacent to the cylindrical central part 11 of the pressure vessel 1 at least in the region 32b of the pole cap 12 . The pole cap reinforcement layer 32 therein may comprise a series of fibrous layers as shown in FIG. 2 .

5 is a cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of the pressure vessel 1 according to the present invention, showing a pole cap reinforcement layer 32 superimposed on a limited area 32b adjacent to the cylindrical central portion 11 . Here, the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 has an outer layer 32a in a limited area 32b adjacent to the cylindrical central portion 11, and the outer layer 32a is parallel to the cylinder axis ZA of the cylindrical central portion 11. it is extended These parallel domains were prepared as described in FIG. 3 . In the illustrated example, the pressure vessel reinforcement layer 3 in these regions 32b is provided with a non-slip overlap 31b whose fiber direction exceeds 80 degrees with respect to the cylinder axis ZA of the cylindrical central part 11 to reinforce the central part. The connection between the layer 31 and the pole cap reinforcement layer represents additional reinforcement to the edge region of the central reinforcement layer 31 .

6 is a side cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pressure vessel 1 according to the present invention having a shoulder 14 as a stop of the pole cap reinforcement layer 32. Here, the liner underlayment 2 has this shoulder at the transition from the cylindrical central portion 11 to the pole cap 12 . The pole cap reinforcement layer 32 therein is disposed from the shoulder 14 to the stop (260). In order to ensure good cross-linking with the pole-cap reinforcement layer 32, the shoulder 14 of the pole-cap reinforcement layer 32 and the cut surface 32c must run parallel to each other.

7 shows an embodiment of a method 200 according to the invention for manufacturing a reinforced pressure vessel 1 according to the invention, comprising steps 210 of providing a first winding 100; and applying ( 220 ) a fiber composite material (FVM) onto at least the end ( 110 ) and central portions of the first winding body ( 100 ) using a winding process.

To achieve this, the winding body 100 has ends 110 having a shape corresponding to the liner underlayment 2 of the pole cap 12 on both sides of the central support connected to each other through the cylindrical central support 120. It may include, the central support 120 has a length (LW) along the cylinder axis (ZA) of the central support 120 smaller than the height (HP) of the domed end 110 along the cylinder axis (ZA) . Preferably, the length (LW) is 1 times smaller than the height (HP), and the winding process 220 for applying the fiber composite material (FVM) is performed beyond both ends 110. Here, the application step 220 is a first winding direction of fibers of the fiber material FVM less than 20 degrees relative to the cylindrical axis ZA of the central support 120 on the first winding body 100 in the tangential direction of the boss. Step 222 of applying one or more first fiber layers 321 with a second winding direction of the fibers at 20 to 80 degrees, preferably 65 to 75 degrees to the cylinder axis ZA of the central support 120. applying (224) on the first fibrous layer 321 one or more second fibrous layers (322) with one or more additional first fibrous layers (321, 322) 321) may include a step 225 of overlapping. Here, the first fiber layer may be applied to the entire end of the winding body 100, and the second fiber layer 322 may be applied on the end 110 of the first winding body 100 only in one or more limited areas 32b. . Here, at least one of the limited regions 32b may cover the central support 120 and the edge region 110r of the end 110 adjacent to the central support 120 . After the fiber composite layer is wound, a suitable intermediate curing process (230) is used to stabilize the dimensions of the wound fiber composite (FVM), but is still chemically active for subsequent crosslinking with other fiber composites (31).

The fiber composite material (FVM) is then cut 240 at least at the transition between the ends 110 and the central support 120 using a suitable cutting process to create the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 . Here, the length (LW) of the central support 120 can be adjusted so that the fiber composite material cutting 240 creates two separate pole cap reinforcement layers 32 . According to an embodiment of the method, the further step of mechanically removing the fiber composite material (FVM) from the central support 120 above the end 110 of the first winding body 100 and from the area 32b confined thereto is still prior can be performed on Thereby, the rear pole cap reinforcement layer 32 has an outer layer extending at least partially parallel, inclined or perpendicular to the cylinder axis ZA in the limited area 32b. After the cutting step, the pole cap reinforcement layer 31 is separated from the first winding body 100 (250), and the separated pole cap reinforcement layer 32 is placed on each liner underlay of the pole cap 12 of the pressure container 1 ( 2) Placement 260 on top follows. If the liner underlayment 2 has a shoulder 14 when transitioning from the cylindrical central portion 11 to the pole cap 12, the shoulder 14 forms a stop on which the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 is placed, and the arrangement Step 260 can be performed simply at the stop of the shoulder 14. Subsequently, step 270 of cross-linking the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 and the additional fiber composite material (FVM) as the central reinforcement layer 31 is performed. Before or after the bridge step 270, an additional step 280 of overlapping the central reinforcement layer 31 may be performed in the limited area 32b of the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 adjacent to the cylindrical central section 11, This allows anti-skid overlapping 280 in the fiber direction at least 80 degrees relative to the cylinder axis ZA of the cylindrical central portion 11 .

The embodiments shown in the illustrated examples represent only examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting. Alternative embodiments contemplated by those skilled in the art are likewise included in the protection scope of the present invention.

1: pressure vessel 11: cylindrical central portion of the pressure vessel
12: domed pole cap of pressure vessel 13: valve
14: Shoulders transitioning from midsection to polecap
15: Cut edge of the pole cap reinforcement layer towards the central part
2: pressure vessel liner underlayment 3: pressure vessel reinforcement layer
31: central reinforcement layer
31b: anti-slip overlap of the pole cap reinforcement layer
32: pole cap reinforcement layer 32a: outer layer of the pole cap reinforcement layer
32b: limited area of the pole cap reinforcement layer 32c: cut surface of the pole cap reinforcement layer
321: first fiber layer 322: second fiber layer
100: first winding body for pole cap reinforcement layer 110: both ends of winding body
110r: edge area of the end
120: cylindrical central support of the winding body 130: cutting surface during the cutting step
200: Method for manufacturing a reinforced pressure vessel 210: Providing a first winding body
Applying the fiber composite material onto the first winding body using a 220 winding process
222: application of the first fiber layer to the first winding body
224: Apply the second fibrous layer over the first fibrous layer
226: Overlapping the first/second fibrous layer with an additional first fibrous layer
230: Intermediate curing process suitable for dimensional stabilization of wound fiber composites
235: Mechanical removal of the fiber composite material above and around the central part
240: cutting fiber composite material for manufacturing pole cap reinforcing layer
250: Separation of the pole cap reinforcement layer from the first winding body
260: Place a separate pole cap reinforcement layer on each liner underlayment of the pressure vessel
Cross-linking of 270 pole cap reinforcement layer and additional fiber composite material (FVM)
280 Anti-slip overlap of pressure vessel reinforcement layer in area 32b using additional fiber composite material
Overlapping the pressure vessel reinforcement layer and the cylindrical central part of the pressure vessel with an additional fiber composite material.
FVM: fiber composite material of pressure vessel reinforcement layer
HP: height of the domed end along the axis of the cylinder
LW: length of the central support of the winding body
ZA: Cylinder axis of the cylindrical center of the pressure vessel and the central support of the winding body

Claims (15)

- A first winding body 100 comprising at least one domed end 110 corresponding to the shape of the liner underlayment 2 of the pole cap 12 and a cylindrical central support 120 adjacent to the end 110 providing (210);
- applying (220) a fiber composite material (FVM) using a winding process on at least the end (110) and the central support (120) of the first winding body (100);
- dimensionally stabilizing (230) the wound fiber composite material (FVM) using an intermediate curing process;
- mechanically removing (235) fiber composite material (FVM) from said central support (120) on said end (110) of said first winding (100) and from an area (32b) adjacent thereto;
- cutting (240) at least the fiber composite material (FVM) between the end (110) and the central support (120) using a cutting process to produce a pole cap reinforcement layer (32);
- Separating the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 from the first winding body 100 (250), and separating the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 from each of the pole caps 12 of the pressure vessel 1 placing (260) on the liner underlayment (2);
- applying the fiber composite material (FVM) using a winding process onto the liner underlayment (2) overlapped with the pole cap reinforcement layer (32);
- A method including a step of cross-linking the pole-cap reinforcement layer 32 and the fiber composite material (FVM), wherein the next pole-cap reinforcement layer 32 has a region 32b to be removed and a cylinder axis ZA. An at least partially parallel outer layer (32a) is installed, the liner underlayment (2) shoulder forming a stop for the polecap reinforcement layer (32) disposed between the cylindrical central portion (11) and the polecap (12). (14), wherein the disposing step (260) includes an additional step performed at the stop of the shoulder (14) or above the central support (120) on the end (110) of the first winding (100) and An additional step 235 of mechanically removing the fiber composite material (FVM) from the area 32b adjacent thereto, and the pole cap reinforcing layer 32 has the cylinder axis ( ZA) applied on the liner underlayment (2) as the pressure vessel reinforcement layer (3) and the liner underlayment (2), characterized in that the outer layer (32a) at least partially at an angle greater than 0 degrees is installed A method (200) for manufacturing a reinforced pressure vessel (1) having a cylindrical central portion (11) comprising the fiber composite material (FVM) and the pole caps (12) closing the central portion (11) on both sides. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of applying (220) a fiber composite material (FVM) on the first winding body (100) is such that the pole cap reinforcement layer (32) is a first layer of fiber composite material (FVM) fibers of less than 20 degrees. A method (200) performed to include a first fibrous layer (321) having a winding direction or a second fibrous layer (322) having a second winding direction of fibers at 65 to 75 degrees to the cylinder axis (ZA) of the central support (120). ). The method of claim 2, wherein the first fiber layer (321) is applied to the entirety of the end portion (110) of the first winding body (100), and at least one of the restricted areas (32b) is the center support member (120) and the first fiber layer (321). Method (200) of covering the edge region (110r) of the end (110) adjacent to the central support (120). 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of applying (220) the fiber composite material (FVM) comprises: applying (222) one or more first fiber layers (321) onto the first winding body (100);
applying (224) one or more second fibrous layers (322) onto the first winding body (100);
and overlapping (225) the preceding first fibrous layer (321) or second fibrous layer (322) with at least one additional first fibrous layer (321) or second fibrous layer (322). The method of claim 4, wherein one of the ends 110 having a shape corresponding to the underlayment 2 of the pole cap 12 is disposed on both sides of the central support 120, and connects the two ends 110. The central support 120 having a length LW smaller than the height HP of the domed end 110 along the cylinder axis ZA, of the step 220 of applying the fiber composite material FVM. The winding process is carried out beyond both ends 110, and the length of the central support 120 ( LW) is regulated (200). delete 6. A limited area of the pole-cap reinforcement layer (32) adjacent to the cylindrical central portion (11) allowing anti-slip over-wrapping (280) in which the fiber direction exceeds 80 degrees with respect to the cylinder axis (ZA) according to claim 5 ( The method (200) further comprising the step (280) of overlapping the pole cap reinforcement layer (32) at 32b). 8. The method (200) of claim 7, further comprising the step of overlapping (225) the pole cap reinforcement layer (32) and the cylindrical center portion (11) with an additional fiber composite material (FVM). The first winding body (100) according to claim 8, after the step (240) of cutting (240) at least the fiber composite material (FVM) between the end portion (110) and the center support member (120), the pole cap reinforcement layer (32) is formed. ) before the step 250 of separating from, processing the edge area of the cutting range, enlarging the contact surface for subsequent overlapping, load according to stress between the pole cap reinforcement layer 32 and subsequent overlapping during subsequent pressure vessel manufacturing A method (200) characterized by enlarging the contact surface for delivery. delete delete delete delete delete delete

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