KR102444022B1 - Pyramidal submarine structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an underwater structure manufactured in a form of a pyramid and submerged to the seafloor and, more specifically, to a pyramidal underwater structure, wherein four triangular concrete walls are put together to manufacture an underwater structure with an open bottom surface, a pyramid-shaped exterior and an internal space and an opening for fish and divers to enter and exit is formed on each concrete wall. An upper part of the underwater structure is formed as an airtight space so that bubbles generated during breathing of divers are accumulated to form an air pocket and a transparent window is installed at the upper part of each concrete wall body to correspond to a position where the air pocket is created. An air discharge pipe equipped with an air discharge valve is passed through the top of the apex of the underwater structure, so that air pockets can be selectively removed if necessary. While each concrete wall, the opening, and the transparent window are configured to harmonize the bright and dark areas in the pyramid-shaped inner space of the underwater structure, a natural or artificial reef of a certain size can be placed on the floor of the corresponding space. Accordingly, it is possible to provide high-quality sights and exploration environments to divers in a state where a large number of various fish species are housed in the pyramid-shaped inner space. Therefore, the air pocket created in the upper inner space of the underwater structure is used to provide a space for divers to rest and chat.

Description

Pyramidal submarine structure

The present invention manufactures an underwater structure having an open bottom surface and a pyramid-shaped exterior and inner space by putting four triangular concrete walls together, and forming an opening for fish and divers to enter and exit on each concrete wall, the underwater structure The upper part of the is formed into a closed space so that the air bubbles generated during respiration of divers are accumulated to form an air pocket, and a transparent window is installed on the upper part of each concrete wall according to the position where the air pocket is formed It relates to a pyramid-shaped underwater structure in which an air discharge pipe provided with an air discharge valve is penetrated so that the air pocket can be selectively removed if necessary.

In general, underwater structures that are submerged on the seabed of coastal waters are artificial reefs made of concrete or steel for the purpose of providing a habitat for fish or promoting the survival and growth of shellfish and seaweed. , some artificial reefs, such as tower-type forced reefs and chimseon reefs, are used for the purpose of leisure, providing a special underwater experience space for divers who have entered the water area, in addition to the main purpose of protecting the ecosystem of the seabed and making coastal ranch. may also be installed.

As described above, among the underwater structures installed for the purpose of providing an underwater experience space for divers, in the case of a tower-type forced reef, shellfish or algae are attached to the surface of the structure, making it difficult to grow. As appropriate shadows are not provided in the space, it is difficult to provide high-quality sights and experience opportunities to divers because various types of marine life, including various fish, shellfish and seaweed, cannot be accommodated in large numbers. There was a problem.

On the other hand, in the case of the chimseon reef, it is possible to provide divers with a slightly higher level of sights and experience than the tower-type forced reef, but the surface of the chimseon reef is also difficult to grow due to the easy attachment of shellfish or seaweed. Therefore, it cannot provide a natural experience space that harmonizes with various marine life, and it is difficult and dangerous for divers to enter and swim through the internal space of the chimseon, so it is not suitable for the underwater experience of novice divers. There was a problem.

In particular, in recent years, due to the practical settlement of the five-day work week, many people enjoy a variety of leisure and hobbies on weekends. To keep pace with the development of a multi-purpose underwater structure that can revitalize the local economy and increase the income of fishermen at the same time by providing high-quality sights and experience opportunities to divers while contributing enough to the creation of an excellent ecosystem in the coastal waters. It is urgently required.

Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1423581

The present invention has been devised to meet the above requirements, and manufactures an underwater structure having an open bottom surface and a pyramid-shaped exterior and interior space by putting four triangular concrete walls together, and An opening is formed for divers to enter and exit, and the upper part of the underwater structure is formed as a closed space so that air bubbles generated during respiration of divers are accumulated to form an air pocket, and each A transparent window is installed on the upper part of the concrete wall, and an air outlet pipe equipped with an air outlet valve is passed through the top of the vertex of the underwater structure to selectively remove the air pocket if necessary. By this, the light and dark areas are harmonized in the pyramid-shaped inner space of the underwater structure, while natural or artificial reefs of a certain size can be placed at the bottom of the space. It is designed to provide divers with a high level of sights and exploration environment in a state where there is a large population, and to provide a rest and conversation space for divers by using the air pocket created in the inner space above the underwater structure. Its technical task is to provide a pyramid-shaped underwater structure.

As a means for solving the above technical problem, the pyramid-shaped underwater structure according to the present invention is to have an open bottom surface, a pyramid-shaped exterior and an internal space by connecting four triangular concrete walls having a predetermined thickness in the lateral direction. The upper part corresponding to 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the structure from the top vertex of the underwater structure is a closed space so that the air bubbles generated when divers entering the pyramid-shaped inner space are collected to form an air pocket. A transparent window is installed on the concrete wall corresponding to the upper part of the underwater structure, and an opening for the entry and exit of divers and fish is formed on the concrete wall corresponding to the bottom of the transparent window at regular intervals, and An air outlet pipe for selective removal of the air pocket is installed through the upper vertex part, and an air outlet valve is connected to the air outlet pipe. A portion is formed, and the support legs of the underwater structures are provided on the lower side of each concrete wall by the cutouts.

In addition, the opening is formed in an elliptical, rhombus, or hexagonal shape, and it is characterized in that it is formed elongated in the height direction of the concrete wall so that the height of the opening is 1.5 to 3 times based on the width of the opening, The wing plates are respectively connected to the left and right side edges of the inner surface, and the respective wing plates are installed to face each other and are installed such that the spacing becomes gradually narrower toward the inner side of the underwater structure, the air It is characterized in that a horizontal handrail having a predetermined length is connected and installed on the concrete wall corresponding to the upper inner surface of the underwater structure for the composition of the pocket. While this connection is installed, the mounting bracket is characterized in that an oxygen tank for improvisation of the air pocket is detachably mounted, and several to tens of hanger rods are installed inside at least one wall selected from each of the concrete walls. is connected to each other by a hinge, and a rope or chain having a predetermined length is suspended and installed on each of the hanger rods.

According to the present invention as described above, the pyramid-shaped underwater structure is based on four triangular concrete walls having a surface on which various shellfish and seaweed can easily attach and grow, and openings and transparent windows are formed on each concrete wall. As a result, the light and dark areas harmonize in the pyramid-shaped inner space so that a wide variety of marine life, including fish, can be gathered in large numbers, providing divers with high-quality sights and exploration environments. Not only that, it has the effect of providing an optimal underwater structure for even novice divers to experience a high-level exploration experience more safely.

In particular, by using the air pocket and handrail formed on the upper side of the pyramid-shaped inner space, it is possible to provide a comfortable rest and conversation space for divers, and the air outlet valve and oxygen tank are used to selectively select the air pocket by divers. Removal and improvisation are also possible, and natural or artificial reefs of a certain size are placed on the open bottom of the underwater structure, while ropes or chains are hung downwards at various locations on the inner side of the concrete wall to create a natural beauty that harmonizes with marine life. It has the effect of providing a multi-purpose underwater structure that can contribute to both the revitalization of the local economy and the income increase of fishermen by enabling them to achieve coastal ranching while being specialized for divers' leisure activities, such as creating an exploration environment.

1 is an external perspective view of a pyramid-shaped underwater structure according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1;
Figure 3 is a bottom side perspective view of Figure 1;
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of Fig. 1;
5 is an explanatory view showing the installation and use state of the underwater structure according to the present invention.
6 is a front cross-sectional view showing the main part of the handrail for air pockets installed.
Fig. 7 is a plan cross-sectional view showing the main part of the installation state of the blade plate for the opening.

Hereinafter, the present invention for achieving the above object will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 5, the pyramid-shaped underwater structure according to the present invention connects a total of four triangular concrete walls 1 in the lateral direction to have an open bottom surface, a pyramid-shaped exterior and an internal space. The upper part of the structure including the upper vertex of the underwater structure 10 forms a closed space so that the air pockets 13 are formed by collecting air bubbles generated when the divers entering the pyramid-shaped internal space breathe. .

In addition, a transparent window 5 is installed on the concrete wall 1 corresponding to the upper part of the underwater structure 10, and a certain arrangement interval is provided on the concrete wall 1 corresponding to the bottom of the transparent window 5. A plurality of openings (2) for the entry and exit of divers and fish are formed, and an air outlet pipe (6) for selective removal of the air pocket (13) is installed in the upper vertex portion of the underwater structure (10), An air discharge valve 7 is connected to the air discharge pipe 6 .

Since the underwater structure 10 of the present invention is mainly for recreational purposes such as the underwater exploration experience of divers, the height and width are preferably about 20 to 25 m and 15 to 20 m, respectively, and forming the underwater structure 10 The thickness of each concrete wall (1) should be about 25 ~ 35cm, but it is preferable to embed the reinforcing bar during concrete pouring to ensure sufficient structural strength, and seal for the composition of the air pocket (13). The upper part of the formed underwater structure 10 is about 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the underwater structure 10 from the top vertex, so that the volume of the air pocket 13 for divers and the communication of birds It is desirable to ensure that the total area of the opening 2 is properly balanced.

In addition, each of the openings 2 is formed in an elliptical, rhombus, or hexagonal shape, in the height direction of the concrete wall 1 so that the height is about 1.5 to 3 times the width of the opening 2 as a reference. It is desirable to form a long length in terms of morphology to effectively attract fish, and in the accompanying drawings, there are three hexagonal openings in the lower side, two in the center, and one in the upper side based on one concrete wall (1). (2) is formed to have an arrangement structure of three layers, of course, the opening 2 may have an arrangement structure of various methods.

The representative design dimensions of the hexagonal opening 2 having the arrangement structure as in the accompanying drawings are: the maximum width (center width) of 1.2 to 1.5 m, the minimum width (top and bottom width) 60 to 80 cm, and the height of about 1.5 to 2 m, In the drawing, the portion from the upper end of the opening 2 located at the top of the concrete wall 1 to the vertex of the underwater structure 10 forms an airtight space for the composition of the air pocket 13, and the transparent window 5 ) is preferably a tempered glass plate or a high-strength transparent plastic plate having a predetermined thickness and installed one for each concrete wall 1, and a typical design dimension is a circular window having a diameter of 0.8 to 1 m.

As an additional matter, a trapezoidal cutout 3 is formed at the lower end of each of the concrete walls 1 at regular intervals, and the inner bottom surface of the underwater structure 10 is formed by the cutout 3 . A smooth communication space for birds through the algae, an additional access passage for divers, and a penetration-type support bridge 4 through the seabed are provided at the same time, and the design dimension of the cutout 3 is 2 to 2.5 in the upper width. m, the width of the lower part is 4~4.5m, and the range of about 1.5~2.5m in height is a representative example.

By forming the cutout 3 on the lower side of each concrete wall 1 as described above, the underwater structure 10 of the present invention can be firmly seated on the seabed in a more correct posture, and at the same time, the underwater structure 10 ), when placing a reef 14 of a certain size on the inside of the open bottom surface, the reef 14 can sufficiently express its unique function based on the smooth communication of algae, and the reef 14 ) may be a naturally occurring natural reef in the form of rocks or piles of stones, or may be an artificial reef created in advance at the corresponding location prior to installing the underwater structure 10 of the present invention.

The dimensional range mentioned in the previous description of the underwater structure 10 of the present invention is only one representative example applicable to the present invention, and the concrete wall 1 and the opening 2 are larger or smaller than the corresponding dimensions. And it turns out that it is also possible to manufacture and form the transparent window 5 and the cutout 3, and the air discharge pipe 6 and the air discharge valve 7 allow divers to easily open the corresponding valve in the water. It is okay to install the pocket 13 to a level that does not interfere with the removal operation whenever necessary, and the air discharge valve 7 is a gate valve made of stainless steel together with the air discharge pipe 6 or Various types such as ball valves or globe valves or butterfly valves can be applied.

As described above, by using the air discharge pipe 6 and the air discharge valve 7 installed at the upper vertex of the underwater structure 10, the air pocket 13 formed on the inner upper side of the underwater structure 10 can be removed whenever necessary. The reason for this is that when divers who ascend to the water surface inside the air pocket 13 take off their snorkeling mask while floating on the water surface and take a break for a certain time or have a conversation, the inside of the air pocket 13 is This is because, as the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the concentration of oxygen gradually decreases, so that when divers of the next turn have a break or conversation in the corresponding air pocket 13 , it may adversely affect the health of divers.

As described above, the operation of removing the air pocket 13 using the air discharge pipe 6 and the air discharge valve 7 is the exploration experience required by divers who entered the pyramid-shaped inner space for the exploration experience of the underwater structure 10. After all of the above, the air discharge valve 7 is opened at the time of returning, and then the air discharge valve 7 is closed again at the point in time when bubbles no longer come out through the air discharge pipe 6 to be performed. The course allows divers to fully understand through prior training or pamphlets.

On the other hand, in case the air pocket 13 space is not sufficiently created with only the bubbles generated during respiration of divers, or if you want to make the air pocket 13 space more quickly, each concrete It is preferable to provide an oxygen tank 11 in which high-pressure oxygen is stored inside one wall selected from among the walls 1 for emergency purposes. A mounting bracket 12 is connected and installed so that it can be mounted as possible.

In the drawings, the mounting bracket 12 is shown to have a ring-shaped frame structure that is connected to and fixedly installed with the inner surface of the concrete wall 1, but in addition, a storage case or oxygen tank in the form of a frame with an open upper surface Various methods such as a clamper-type bracket of a "C" cross section that engages with the body of (11) can be applied, and if necessary, one or more oxygen tanks 11 are provided on the inner surface of one or more concrete walls 1 Of course, it is also possible to put

Therefore, when divers who entered the pyramid-shaped inner space of the underwater structure 10 for an exploration experience use the oxygen tank 11, they bring it out to recover the oxygen tank 11, and then divers who are put in After renting a new oxygen tank 11 to a customer, if the oxygen tank 11 is used, it is brought out again. If the oxygen tank 11 is not used, the oxygen tank 11 is placed on the concrete wall It is preferable to replace and recover the oxygen tank 11 in such a way that it is mounted again on the mounting bracket 12 of (1).

And, the underwater structure 10 of the present invention promotes the easy survival and growth of shellfish or algae using the concrete wall 1 as a base, while arranging a natural reef or artificial reef inside the open bottom surface. In order to further maximize this function, a plurality of hanger rods (8) are connected and installed inside each concrete wall (1) by a hinge type. And, it is preferable to hang a rope or a chain 9 having a predetermined length for each hanger rod 8 .

As described above, when ropes or chains 9 are hung on the hanger rod 8 at regular intervals on the inside of the concrete wall 1, and installed, the Because each rope or chain 9 is naturally drawn vertically downward without being in close contact with the concrete wall 1 by the inclination, seaweed can attach and grow over the entire surface of the rope or chain 9 as well as And, it is possible to provide a more unique jungle-type exploration environment inside the underwater structure 10 by a group of migratory fish or fry gathered around the seaweed.

In the drawing, a representative example is that a total of 7 hanger rods 8 on which a rope or chain 9 is hung are installed inside one wall located on the right side among the four concrete walls 1, but the 4 concrete walls 1 ), hanger rod 8 and rope or chain 9 can be applied to all of 2 or 3 walls or 4 concrete walls 1, as well as the spacing and spacing of the rope or chain 9 The length is preferably within a range that does not cover the opening 2 formed on the concrete wall 1 or overlap each rope or chain 9, and the hanger rod 8 is a metal rod, metal pipe or It is preferable to install it in an embedded type on the concrete wall (1) to a certain depth using rod bolts or the like.

6 is a horizontal hand rail 15 having a predetermined length on the concrete wall 1 corresponding to the upper inner surface of the underwater structure 10 for the composition of the air pocket 13. ) is connected, the handrail 15 allows divers who ascend to the water surface inside the air pocket 13 to take off their snorkeling mask while floating on the water surface to take a break for a certain period of time or to have a conversation. In this case, it is applied so that you can enjoy a break or conversation more easily and comfortably than while holding the rail part with your hand.

It is preferable to connect the handrail 15 in the form of a "[" shape along the concrete wall 1 corresponding to the lower periphery of the air pocket 13 space using a corrosion-resistant metal rod or metal pipe material. and a reinforcing plate 16 of a predetermined thickness is integrally formed on the end side of the handrail 15 connected to the concrete wall 1, while penetrating the reinforcing plate 16 and embedded in the concrete wall 1 side. Alternatively, it is preferable to firmly connect and fix the handrail 15 to the concrete wall 1 using bolts or the like that are fastened and installed.

7 shows a state in which the wing plates 17 are respectively connected to the left and right both edges of the inner surface of the opening 2, and each wing plate 17 is a thin corrosion-resistant metal plate. On the other hand, while facing each other based on the central direction of the opening 2 in the manufactured state, the arrangement interval is gradually narrowed toward the inner direction of the underwater structure 10. In this way, the openings 2 ), when the wing plate 17 is disposed on the inside, it uses a passage structure that gradually narrows toward the inside to further increase the attracting effect of the fish while minimizing the escape of the fish entering the inside of the underwater structure 10 to the outside. can do it

In the same way as described above, various kinds of fish can be gathered in a larger number in the inner space of the underwater structure 10, and each of the openings 2 has a function of providing access passages for divers as well as fish. Because of this, rather than the method of applying the wing plate 17 to all the openings 12 formed in the underwater structure 10, only about 1/2 or 2/3 of the openings 2 formed in the underwater structure 20 are the wing plates. (17) is provided, and the remaining opening (2) is preferably used for divers entering and exiting.

For the installation of the wing plate 17 as described above, the rear end of each wing plate 17 (the right end in FIG. 7) is in close contact with the concrete wall 1 and connected to the concrete wall 1 by bolts, etc. A fixed mounting end 18 is provided, and in some cases, the rear end side of each wing plate 17 or the mounting end 18 side is installed to be buried inside the concrete wall 1 by a predetermined depth. It is also possible, and instead of the corrosion-resistant metal plate, the wing plate 17 can be manufactured with a plastic plate, and each wing plate 17 is elastically opened and closed (opened and closed) around the connection part with the mounting end 18. Of course, it can also be installed in a hinge-type opening/closing type that is folded or closed).

According to the present invention having the above configuration, four triangular concrete walls (1) having a surface on which various shellfish and seaweed can easily attach and grow as a base, and openings ( 2) and a pyramid-shaped underwater structure 10 having a transparent window 5 provided, the light and dark areas are harmonized in the pyramid-shaped inner space, so that a large number of very diverse types of marine life including fish It is possible to provide divers with a high level of sights and exploration environment, as well as provide an optimal underwater structure (10) for novice divers to experience a high level of exploration more safely. .

In particular, by using the air pocket 13 and the handrail 15 formed on the upper side of the pyramid-shaped inner space, it is possible to provide a comfortable rest and conversation space for divers, and the air discharge valve 7 and the oxygen tank 11 ) to enable selective removal and improvisation of the air pocket 13 by divers using the By hanging ropes or chains (9) downwards at various locations on the inner side of 1) to create a natural exploration environment that harmonizes with marine life, it is specialized in the leisure activities of divers and achieves coastal ranching, thereby contributing to the economic growth of the local economy. It is possible to provide a multi-purpose underwater structure (10) that can contribute to both vitalization and income increase of fishermen.

1: concrete wall 2: opening
3: cutout part 4: support leg
5: Transparent window 6: Air exhaust pipe
7: air exhaust valve 8: hanger rod
9: rope or chain 10: underwater structure
11: oxygen tank 12: mounting bracket
13: air pocket 14: fish reef
15: handrail 16: reinforcing plate
17: wing plate 18: mounting end

Claims (7)

In the underwater structure (10) manufactured in a pyramid shape and immersed in the sea floor,
The underwater structure 10 is manufactured to have an open bottom surface and a pyramid-shaped exterior and interior space by connecting four triangular concrete walls 1 having a predetermined thickness in the lateral direction,
The upper part corresponding to 1/10 to 1/5 of the height of the structure from the top vertex of the underwater structure 10 is sealed so that the air pockets 13 are formed by collecting the air bubbles generated during respiration of divers entering the pyramid-shaped inner space. make up space,
A transparent window 5 is installed on the concrete wall 1 corresponding to the upper part of the underwater structure 10, and the diver at regular intervals on the concrete wall 1 corresponding to the bottom of the transparent window 5 and an opening (2) for the entry and exit of fish is formed,
An air discharge pipe 6 for selective removal of the air pocket 13 is installed through the upper vertex of the underwater structure 10, and an air discharge valve 7 is connected to the air discharge pipe 6 and installed,
A mounting bracket 12 is connected and installed inside at least one wall selected from each of the concrete walls 1, and an oxygen tank 11 for supplying the air pocket 13 is detachable from the mounting bracket 12. A pyramid-shaped underwater structure, characterized in that it is possible. The lower end of each concrete wall (1) according to claim 1, wherein a trapezoidal-shaped cutout (3) is formed at a predetermined spacing at the lower end of each concrete wall (1), and the lower side of each concrete wall (1) is formed by the cutout (3). Pyramid-type underwater structure, characterized in that the support legs (4) of the underwater structure (10) is provided. The concrete wall (1) according to claim 1, wherein the opening (2) is formed in an oval, rhombus, or hexagonal shape so that the height of the opening (2) is 1.5 to 3 times based on the width of the opening (2). A pyramid-shaped underwater structure, characterized in that it is formed long in the height direction. [4] The underwater structure according to claim 3, wherein wing plates 17 are respectively connected to the left and right both sides of the inner surface of the opening 2, and the respective wing plates 17 are arranged to face each other. 10) Pyramid-type underwater structure, characterized in that it is installed so that the arrangement interval gradually narrows toward the inner direction. The hand in the horizontal direction having a predetermined length on the concrete wall (1) corresponding to the upper inner surface of the underwater structure (10) for the composition of the air pocket (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 A pyramid-shaped underwater structure, characterized in that the rail 15 is connected and installed. delete [Claim 5] The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein several to tens of hanger rods (8) are hingedly connected and installed inside at least one wall selected from each of the concrete walls (1). Each of the hanger rods (8) is a pyramid-shaped underwater structure, characterized in that the rope or chain (9) having a predetermined length is suspended and installed.

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