KR102405012B1 - Method for outputting indicators representative of schedule status of events on display screen and apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a method of displaying a mark representing a certain situation of events on a display screen, and a computing device using the same. Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method includes an event information acquisition step of acquiring event information from which a start time of an event and a duration of the event can be derived; and a calendar display step of providing a calendar display based on the event information, wherein the calendar display includes a plurality of date display units for respectively displaying a plurality of dates belonging to one corresponding month, each of the date display units comprises: , as a schedule presence display unit displayed together with a corresponding date, a mark indicating whether an event for each of the plurality of time zone segments dividing the corresponding date is occupied for each of the plurality of time zone segments based on the event information It includes a schedule presence or absence display unit.

Description

Method for displaying a mark representing a certain condition of events on a display screen and an apparatus using the same

The present disclosure discloses a method of displaying a mark representing a certain situation of events on a display screen, and a computing device using the same. Specifically, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method includes an event information acquisition step of acquiring event information from which a start time of an event and a duration of the event can be derived; and a calendar display step of providing a calendar display based on the event information, wherein the calendar display includes a plurality of date display units for respectively displaying a plurality of dates belonging to one corresponding month, each of the date display units comprises: , as a schedule presence display unit displayed together with a corresponding date, a mark indicating whether an event for each of the plurality of time zone segments dividing the corresponding date is occupied for each of the plurality of time zone segments based on the event information It includes a schedule presence or absence display unit.

Modern mobile devices provide a function of managing an individual's schedule and communication through various calendar or scheduling applications.

Such mobile devices are physically small, which significantly limits their scheduling function. For example, in a specific environment, the size of the display is small, so it is difficult to organize information about the schedule at a glance and display it. When many users check the schedule and add a new event, the problem that it is difficult to check the empty time of the day by the calendar display itself has not been solved yet.

Various methods have been proposed to solve this problem. For example, US Patent No. 5,936,625 discloses a technical idea of displaying a schedule in small letters for each date, but according to this, specifically, in order to check which time is free There is a limitation in that additional manipulations such as clicking on the corresponding date are required.

In addition, U.S. Patent No. 6,266,295 discloses a technical idea for displaying a timetable in a pie graph shape corresponding to each date by dividing the morning and afternoon for each date, which is a continuous pie without dividing the schedule by time period and displaying it separately. Since it is indicated as , there is a disadvantage in that it is not accurately grasped that at least from when to when is the empty time. In short, the start and end points of the time when the schedule is full are not clear, so there is a limit to only roughly grasping the time when the schedule is empty.

Therefore, in the present disclosure, not only can it be easily determined in which time zone of the date there is a schedule for each date belonging to a month with one calendar, but also a calendar display method with better readability compared to the prior art, that is, a schedule of events An object of the present invention is to provide a method of displaying a mark for expressing a situation and an apparatus using the same.

The characteristic configuration of the present invention for achieving the object of the present invention as described above and for realizing the characteristic effects of the present invention to be described later is as follows.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of displaying a mark representing a certain situation of events on a display screen by a computing device, the method comprising: a start time of an event and a duration of the event are derived an event information acquisition step of acquiring possible event information; and a calendar display step of providing a calendar display based on the event information, wherein the calendar display includes a plurality of date display units each displaying a plurality of dates belonging to one corresponding month, wherein each of the date display units comprises: , as a schedule presence display unit displayed together with a corresponding date, a mark indicating whether an event for each of the plurality of time zone segments dividing the corresponding date is occupied for each of the plurality of time zone segments based on the event information It includes a schedule presence or absence display unit.

Preferably, the constant presence/absence display unit may include n display elements that are divided equal to or spatially separated from each other at equal intervals with respect to n, which is a natural number equal to or greater than 2, and each of the display elements indicates the corresponding date. Corresponding to each of n time zones divided at equal intervals in time, each of the display elements may be displayed differently depending on the presence or absence of an event occupying the corresponding time zone.

More preferably, each of the display elements may be displayed differently according to the presence or absence of an event belonging to a time zone corresponding to each of the display elements and a rate at which the event occupies the time zone.

Advantageously, the calendar display may further include date display units for displaying a plurality of dates belonging to the previous month or the following month of the corresponding month.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a computer program comprising instructions embodied for performing the methods according to the present invention. For example, such a computer program may be stored in a machine-readable non-transitory recording medium.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computing device for displaying a mark representing a certain situation of events on a display screen, the computing device is an event from which the start time of the event and the duration of the event can be derived a communication unit for obtaining information; and a processor for causing a predetermined display device to provide a calendar display through the communication unit, based on the event information, wherein the calendar display by the processor displays a plurality of dates belonging to one corresponding month, respectively It includes a plurality of date display units, wherein each of the date display units is a schedule presence or absence display unit displayed together with a corresponding date, and indicates whether an event is occupied for each of a plurality of time zone segments dividing the corresponding date. The event information and a schedule presence or absence display unit, which is a mark for each of the plurality of time zone segments based on .

According to the present invention, there is an effect that it is possible to easily determine whether or not there is a schedule in a time zone of each date belonging to a month with one calendar. In particular, according to the present invention, there is an effect that it is possible to easily grasp a time period in which the schedule of a certain date is completely empty.

The accompanying drawings for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art (hereinafter referred to as "those of ordinary skill") to which the present invention pertains, Other drawings may be obtained based on these drawings without an effort to arrive at the invention.
1 is a conceptual diagram schematically illustrating an exemplary configuration of a computing device performing a method of displaying a mark representing a schedule of events on a display screen (hereinafter referred to as a “schedule situation display method”) according to the present disclosure; to be.
2 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating hardware or software components of a computing device performing a method for displaying a certain situation according to the present disclosure.
3 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a method for displaying a schedule situation according to the present disclosure.
4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a user interface of a calendar display provided according to the method for displaying a schedule situation of the present disclosure.
5A and 5B are exemplary views illustrating a user interface of a date display unit included in a calendar display provided according to the method for displaying a schedule situation of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following detailed description of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which show by way of illustration a specific embodiment in which the present invention may be practiced, in order to clarify the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention. In the description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same components are assigned the same reference numerals regardless of the reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions thereof will be omitted.

Specific structural or functional descriptions of the embodiments are disclosed for purposes of illustration only, and may be changed and implemented in various forms. Accordingly, the embodiments are not limited to the specific disclosure form, and the scope of the present disclosure includes changes, equivalents, or substitutes included in the technical spirit.

Although terms such as “first” or “second” may be used to describe various elements, these terms should be interpreted only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another, and no order is implied. because it doesn't For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be termed a first component.

When a component is referred to as being “connected to” another component, it may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but it should be understood that another component may exist in between.

The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present disclosure, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate that the described feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof exists, and includes one or more other features or numbers, It should be understood that the possibility of the presence or addition of steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof is not precluded in advance.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Terms such as those defined in a commonly used dictionary should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related art, and unless explicitly defined in the present disclosure, it should be interpreted in an ideal or excessively formal meaning doesn't happen

Moreover, the present invention encompasses all possible combinations of the embodiments indicated in the present disclosure. It should be understood that various embodiments of the present invention are different but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, structures, and characteristics described herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention in relation to one embodiment. In addition, it should be understood that the position or arrangement of individual components in each disclosed embodiment may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the detailed description given below is not intended to be taken in a limiting sense. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar functions throughout the various aspects.

In this disclosure, unless otherwise indicated or clearly contradicted by context, items referred to in the singular encompass the plural unless the context requires otherwise. In addition, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Hereinafter, in order to enable those skilled in the art to easily practice the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a conceptual diagram schematically illustrating an exemplary configuration of a computing device that performs a method for displaying a certain situation according to the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 1 , a computing device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a communication unit 110 and a processor 120 , and communicates with an external computing device (not shown) through the communication unit 110 . Can communicate directly or indirectly.

Specifically, the computing device 100 may include typical computer hardware (eg, a computer, a processor, a memory, storage, an input device and an output device, a device that may include other components of a conventional computing device; a router; , electronic communication devices such as switches, etc.; electronic information storage systems such as network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SANs)) and computer software (ie, enabling the computing device to operate in a specific way). to achieve the desired system performance by using a combination of instructions that make it function as The storage may include a storage device such as a hard disk and a Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory, as well as a storage device based on a network connection such as a cloud server.

The communication unit 110 of such a computing device can transmit and receive a request and a response between another computing device that is interlocked, for example, a server, etc. As an example, such a request and a response are the same Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) session ), but is not limited thereto, and may be transmitted and received as, for example, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagrams.

Specifically, the communication unit 110 may be implemented in the form of a communication module including a communication interface. For example, the communication interface is WLAN (Wireless LAN), WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) Direct, DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance), WiBro (Wireless Broadband), WiMax (World interoperability for Microwave access), HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access), etc. Including wireless Internet interface of wireless internet interface and short-distance communication interface such as Bluetooth™, RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), UWB (Ultra-WideBand), ZigBee, NFC (Near Field Communication) can do. In addition, the communication interface may represent all interfaces (eg, a bus, a wired/wireless interface) through which the processor can communicate with the outside.

For example, the communication unit 110 may transmit/receive data to and from other computing devices through the appropriate communication interface as described above. In addition, in a broad sense, the communication unit 110 may include or interwork with a keyboard, a mouse, other external input devices, printing devices, displays, and other external output devices for receiving commands or instructions. In order to enable interaction with a user by displaying and providing an appropriate user interface to a user of a computing device, for example, a portable terminal, the computing device 100 has a built-in display unit or communicates with an external display device through the communication unit 110 . It is known that they can be linked. For example, such a display unit or display device may be a touch screen capable of a touch input.

In addition, the processor 120 of the computing device includes a micro processing unit (MPU), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU) or a tensor processing unit (TPU), and a cache memory. ), and may include a hardware configuration such as a data bus. In addition, the operating system may further include a software configuration of an application for performing a specific purpose.

A method for displaying a certain situation according to the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5B .

FIG. 2 is an exemplary block diagram illustrating hardware or software components of a computing device performing a method for displaying a schedule according to the present disclosure, and FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for displaying a schedule according to the present disclosure. It is a flow chart.

2 and 3 , first, in the method for displaying a schedule of the present disclosure, the event information acquisition module 210 implemented by the computing device 100 acquires event information in an event information acquisition step (S100). ) is included.

For example, the event information may include a start time of an event and a duration of the event, or include a start time of the event and an end time of the event, or include a duration of the event and an end time of the event. . In any case, it is sufficient if the start time of the event and the duration of the event can be derived from the event information.

It is well known to those skilled in the art that the event information may include other items such as a name of an event.

Next, the schedule status display method of the present disclosure further includes a calendar display step (S200) in which the calendar display module 220 implemented by the computing device 100 provides a calendar display based on the event information. .

4 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a user interface of a calendar display 400 provided according to the method for displaying a schedule situation of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 4 , the calendar display 400 includes a plurality of date display units that respectively display a plurality of dates belonging to one corresponding month.

5A and 5B are exemplary views illustrating a user interface of the date display unit 500 included in the calendar display provided according to the schedule situation display method of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 5A , each of the date display units 500 includes a schedule presence or absence display unit 520 displayed together with a corresponding date. The schedule presence display unit 520 determines whether an event occupies part or all of each of a plurality of time segments, which is a result of dividing a time period corresponding to the corresponding date into a plurality, That is, it is an indicator indicating whether the event for each of the plurality of time zone segments is occupied based on the event information.

The constant presence/absence display unit 520 includes n display elements 522 to 528 divided in an equal area with respect to n, which is a natural number equal to or greater than 2; or n=4 in the example of FIGS. It may include n display elements. The n display elements spatially separated from each other at equal intervals may each take the form of a dot.

Each of the display elements 522 to 528 corresponds to each of n time zones in which the corresponding date is temporally divided into equal intervals.

In the example of FIG. 5A , each of 6 hours, which is a result of dividing the day of March 21, 2099 into n = 4, sequentially corresponds to each of the display elements 522 to 528 . The display element 522 corresponds to the time zone from 0 to 6 o'clock on March 21, 2099. Display element 524 corresponds to the time zone from 6:00 to 12:00 on March 21, 2099. The display element 526 corresponds to the time zone from 12:00 to 18:00 on March 21, 2099. The display element 528 corresponds to the time zone from 18 o'clock to 24 o'clock on March 21, 2099.

Each of the display elements 522 to 528 may be displayed differently depending on the presence or absence of an event occupying the corresponding time zone. For example, if there is a schedule that at least partially overlaps with the time zone from 0:00 to 6:00 on March 21, 2099, as illustrated in FIG. 5A , the display element 522 may be painted with a predetermined color, and similarly, If there is a schedule overlapping the time zone from 6:00 to 12:00 on March 21, 2099, the display element 524 may be painted with a predetermined color as in the example of FIG. 5A, and on March 21, 2099, from 18:00 If there is a schedule overlapping the time zone up to 24 o'clock, the display element 528 may be painted in a predetermined color. The display element 526 illustrated in Fig. 5a is not painted in the predetermined color because there is no schedule overlapping the time zone from 12:00 to 18:00 on March 21, 2099, and the user can thereby It is easy to see that the entire time period from 6:00 to 18:00 is empty, unscheduled time. As such, a person skilled in the art can indicate whether an event is occupied in a time zone by using two colors of various types.

Referring to another example shown in FIG. 5B , the display elements 522 ′ to 528 ′ are in the form of dots, and display elements corresponding to a scheduled time period are displayed as dots having a predetermined color. , the display elements corresponding to the time period in which the schedule is completely empty may be displayed in a blank space without a dot.

On the other hand, each of the display elements 522' to 528' may be displayed differently depending on the ratio of the event occupying the time zone as well as the presence or absence of an event belonging to the corresponding time zone, as illustrated in FIG. 5B . same as it has been In this case, specifically, it is possible to indicate whether the event is occupied and the occupancy rate of each time zone by using a color that continuously changes according to the occupancy ratio in grayscale or gradient colors.

Of course, different wording and user interface elements than those illustrated in FIGS. 4 , 5A and 5B may be used.

Referring back to FIG. 4, like a generally used calendar, the calendar display 400 may further include date display units 500a and 500b for displaying a plurality of dates belonging to the previous month or the following month of the corresponding month. , this is a general calendar notation format taken because the week containing the first day of the month may contain the last days of the previous month and the week containing the last day of the month may contain the first days of the following month corresponds to That is, one calendar display 400 may include date display units corresponding to 5 to 6 weeks including the corresponding month. Whether to set the start of the week to Sunday or Monday may be freely determined by the user according to customs and convenience.

Other typical display units that may be included in the date display units 500 are well known to those skilled in the art.

As an example, the date display unit 500c corresponding to today among the date display units displays a predetermined today display unit 530 at one end of the area 510 in which the corresponding date is displayed, for example, at the lower end of the area 510 . may include more. This is a display unit for easily distinguishing today from other dates.

As another example, at least one of the date display units 500d may further include a year/month display unit 540 for displaying the year and month to which the corresponding month belongs.

As another example, in each of the date display units, an attribute of the corresponding date may be reflected in a color indicating the date. For example, it is well known that holidays may be displayed in red and weekdays may be displayed in black.

According to the present invention, unlike the prior art, by visually sequentially arranging a plurality of individual display elements 522 to 528 separated by equal areas or equal intervals, for each date belonging to a month in one calendar Not only has the effect of being able to easily identify which time zone of the day there is a schedule or not, but it also has the effect of being able to easily identify the time period when the schedule is completely vacant among any dates, so the effort required to add a new schedule There is a user-friendly effect that is reduced.

Above, based on the description of various embodiments of the present disclosure, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the method and/or processes of the present invention, and the steps thereof, are hardware, software, or hardware and software suitable for a specific application. It can be clearly understood that they can be realized in any combination. The hardware may include general purpose computers and/or dedicated computing devices or specific computing devices or special features or components of specific computing devices. The processes may include one or more processors, eg, microprocessors, controllers, eg, microcontrollers, embedded microcontrollers, microcomputers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs), digital signal processors, with internal and/or external memory. , for example, by a programmable digital signal processor or other programmable device. Additionally, or alternatively, the processes may be implemented using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable gate array, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic unit (PLU) or programmable array logic. (Programmable Array Logic; PAL) or any other device capable of executing and responding to instructions, any other device or combination of devices that can be configured to process electronic signals. The processing device may run an operating system and one or more software applications running on the operating system. A processing device may also access, store, manipulate, process, and generate data in response to execution of the software. For convenience of understanding, although one processing device is sometimes described as being used, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the processing device includes a plurality of processing elements and/or a plurality of types of processing elements. It can be seen that can include For example, the processing device may include a plurality of processors or one processor and one controller. Other processing configurations are also possible, such as parallel processors.

Software may include a computer program, code, instructions, or a combination of one or more of these, and either independently or collectively configure the processing device to operate as desired. ) to the processing unit. The software and/or data may be any kind of machine, component, physical device, virtual equipment, computer storage medium or apparatus, to be interpreted by or provide instructions or data to the processing device. , or may be permanently or temporarily embody in a transmitted signal wave. The software may be distributed over networked computer systems and stored or executed in a distributed manner. Software and data may be stored in one or more machine-readable recording media.

Moreover, the objects of the technical solution of the present invention or parts contributing to the prior arts may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed through various computer components and recorded in a machine-readable medium. The machine-readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, and the like, alone or in combination. The program instructions recorded on the machine-readable recording medium may be specially designed and configured for the embodiment, or may be known and used by those skilled in the art of computer software. Examples of the machine-readable recording medium include magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks and magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs, and Blu-rays, and floppy disks. ), and hardware devices specially configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, and the like. Examples of program instructions include any one of the devices described above, as well as heterogeneous combinations of processors, processor architectures, or combinations of different hardware and software, or stored and compiled or interpreted for execution on a machine capable of executing any other program instructions. machine code, which may be created using a structured programming language such as C, an object-oriented programming language such as C++ This includes not only bytecode, but also high-level language code that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter or the like.

Accordingly, in one aspect according to the present invention, when the above-described method and combinations thereof are performed by one or more computing devices, the methods and combinations of methods may be implemented as executable code for performing respective steps. In another aspect, the method may be implemented as systems performing the steps, the methods may be distributed in various ways across devices or all functions may be integrated into one dedicated, standalone device or other hardware. In another aspect, the means for performing the steps associated with the processes described above may include any of the hardware and/or software described above. All such sequential combinations and combinations are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

For example, the hardware devices described above may be configured to operate as one or more software modules to perform the operations of the embodiments, and vice versa. The hardware device may include a processor, such as an MPU, CPU, GPU, TPU, coupled with a memory such as ROM/RAM for storing program instructions and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory, an external device and a signal It may include a communication unit that can send and receive. In addition, the hardware device may include a keyboard, a mouse, and other external input devices for receiving commands written by developers.

In the above, the present invention has been described with specific matters such as specific components and limited embodiments and drawings, but these are provided to help a more general understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, Those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can devise various modifications and variations from these descriptions.

Therefore, the spirit of the present invention should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, and not only the claims appended to the present disclosure, but also all modifications equivalently or equivalently to the claims attached to the present disclosure are the spirit of the present invention will fall into the category of For example, the described techniques are performed in an order different from the described method, and/or the described components of the system, structure, apparatus, circuit, etc. are combined or combined in a different form than the described method, or other components Or substituted or substituted by equivalents may achieve an appropriate result.

Such equivalent or equivalent modifications will include, for example, logically equivalent methods capable of producing the same results as practiced by the methods according to the present invention, the spirit and spirit of the present invention. The scope should not be limited by the above-described examples, and should be understood in the broadest sense permitted by law.

Claims (6)

A method of displaying a mark representing a certain situation of events on a display screen by a computing device,
an event information acquisition step of acquiring event information from which a start time of an event and a duration of the event can be derived; and
A calendar display step of providing a calendar display based on the event information
including,
The calendar display includes a plurality of date display units each displaying a plurality of dates belonging to one corresponding month,
Each of the date display units,
As a schedule presence display unit displayed together with a corresponding date, it is a marker indicating whether an event for each of the plurality of time zone segments dividing the corresponding date is occupied based on the event information for each of the plurality of time zone segments Including a schedule presence display unit,
The constant presence/absence display unit includes n display elements that are equally spaced or spatially separated from each other at equal intervals with respect to n, which is a natural number equal to or greater than 2, and each of the display elements displays the corresponding date at equal temporal intervals. Corresponds to each of the divided n time zones, and each of the display elements is displayed differently depending on the presence or absence of an event occupying the time zone corresponding to each,
The display elements are arranged adjacent to each other in a horizontal direction or arranged to be spaced apart. delete According to claim 1,
Each of the display elements is differently displayed according to the presence or absence of an event belonging to a time zone corresponding to each and a rate at which the event occupies the time zone. According to claim 1,
The calendar display further comprises date display units for displaying a plurality of dates belonging to the previous month or the following month of the corresponding month. A computer program, stored in a machine-readable recording medium, comprising instructions implemented to cause a computing device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 and 3 to 4. A computing device for displaying a mark representing a certain situation of events on a display screen,
a communication unit for obtaining event information from which a start time of an event and a duration of the event can be derived; and
A processor that causes a predetermined display device to provide a calendar display through the communication unit based on the event information
including,
The calendar display by the processor includes a plurality of date display units that respectively display a plurality of dates belonging to one corresponding month,
Each of the date display units,
As a schedule presence display unit displayed together with a corresponding date, it is a marker indicating whether an event for each of the plurality of time zone segments dividing the corresponding date is occupied based on the event information for each of the plurality of time zone segments Including a schedule presence display unit,
The constant presence/absence display unit includes n display elements that are equally spaced or spatially separated from each other at equal intervals with respect to n, which is a natural number equal to or greater than 2, and each of the display elements displays the corresponding date at equal temporal intervals. Corresponds to each of the divided n time zones, and each of the display elements is displayed differently depending on the presence or absence of an event occupying the time zone corresponding to each,
The display elements are arranged adjacent to each other in a horizontal direction or arranged to be spaced apart from each other.

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