KR102404661B1 - Structure of Air Supply Smoke Control for a Staircase of High-riser Building - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the structure of the air supply pressure control system of the stairwell of a high-rise building, which is installed on the outer wall of the stairwell (4) of the high-rise building (1) and automatically opens when the pressure inside the stairwell (4) is higher than a certain pressure. a flap damper unit 10 for discharging internal air to the outside; an air supply unit 20 for automatically supplying external air to a specific floor of the stairwell 4 when a fire occurs; an air curtain unit (30) installed at the entrance of the stairwell (4) to automatically operate when the door is opened to reduce the cross-sectional area of the exit airflow; includes
According to the present invention, by reducing the chimney effect in case of a fire, smoke generated from the fire living room is suppressed from flowing into the stairwell, so that in case of a fire, residents can safely evacuate and evacuate through the stairwell, and at the same time, the fire brigade can easily enter the fire. As the suppression becomes advantageous, there is an effect that can reduce the damage to life and property due to the occurrence of a fire.

Description

Structure of Air Supply Smoke Control for a Staircase of High-riser Building

The present invention relates to the structure of the air supply pressure control system of the stairwell of a high-rise building, and more particularly, a flap damper part for automatically adjusting the internal pressure of the stairwell of a high-rise building, and an air supply part for automatically supplying external air to the inside of the stairwell and the door It relates to the structure of the air supply pressurization system of the stairwell of a high-rise building, which can suppress the penetration of smoke into the stairwell in the event of a fire in a high-rise building by installing an air curtain part that operates when it is opened.

If a fire occurs in a high-rise building and the smoke from the fire living room flows into the stairwell, which is the escape route, and the stairwell is occupied by smoke, the smoke rises vertically to the upper floors through the stairs due to the chimney effect, penetrates into the annexes and living rooms of the upper floors, and evacuates before evacuation. Failure to do so will cause evacuees on high floors to die.

Therefore, in the event of a fire in a high-rise building, the stairway, which is the main evacuation route, can be used as a passage for safe evacuation of occupants in the building and for extinguishing the fire by the fire brigade. and annexed chamber supply-air-pressurized smoke (this is also referred to as 'attached chamber smoke')' were introduced.

‘Supply air pressure’ is to prevent the penetration of dangerous elements into the air, and the method of air pressure was started in Germany during World War II.

At the time of World War II, when entering and exiting a place for the production and storage of poison gas, a weapon of mass destruction, Germany had to pass through a separate adjacent room, and pressurized the gas through the gas supply facility to create a differential pressure with the dangerous place. In the case of temporary opening of the door between dangerous places in the pressurized gas oil room, the differential pressure was continued. As a result, the effectiveness of the study was confirmed at the FRS (Fire Research Station) in the UK, and the effectiveness was confirmed in 1978. The technical standard entitled “Code of practice for Pressurization in Protected Escape Route” came into effect for the first time in the world in Part 4 of (British Standard) 5588, and has since been replaced by EN12101 Part 6 and used.

With reference to this, Korea first promulgated the technical standards for air supply pressure control in 1995, and in 2004, ‘Fire Safety Standards for Special Evacuation Stairs and Smoke Control Facilities (NFSC501A)’ was enacted.

On the other hand, the concept of smoke control is to supply and pressurize fresh air from the outside to the annex 3 and the stairwell 4 as an evacuation route using the blower 5 as shown in FIG. 1 to prevent smoke from leaking into the fire living room 2. and to discharge the inlet air (smoke-proof air volume) by the inlet air exhaust device 15 in the fire living room.

However, despite the fact that 25 years have passed since the publication of the air supply pressure rolling rolling technology standard, the current air supply pressure rolling milling facility has many problems.

That is, in the conventional air supply pressure control system, when the normal chimney effect occurs due to the temperature difference inside and outside the building in the stairwell of a high-rise building in winter, or when the temperature of the stairwell rises due to a fire and the normal chimney effect occurs, Alternatively, a differential pressure that causes the force required to open the living room door to exceed 110 N (this is referred to as “overpressure”) may occur. There is a disadvantage in that it is difficult to open the living room entrance door.

Therefore, when a normal chimney effect occurs due to a temperature difference inside and outside the building in the stairwell of a high-rise building in winter, there is a disadvantage in that crevice noise, door closing impact sound, and energy loss increase.

In addition, in the event of a fire in a high-rise building by residents or fire brigade while the smoke control system is in operation, the evacuation floor entrance or roof entrance door that leads directly from the stairwell to the outdoors may be opened by the resident or fire brigade. There is also a disadvantage in that a large amount of air in the stairwell leaks out through the roof door, and the air pressure in the stairwell drops to atmospheric pressure.

Fire safety standards for smoke control facilities in special evacuation stair rooms and attached rooms (NFSC501A) Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0068643

In order to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a flap damper for automatically adjusting the pressure inside the stairwell of a high-rise building, an air supply for automatically supplying external air to the inside of the stairwell, and an air curtain that operates when the door is opened. The purpose of the installation is to provide the structure of the air supply pressure control system for the stairwell of a high-rise building that can suppress the penetration of smoke into the stairwell in the event of a fire in the high-rise building.

In order to achieve the object as described above, the structure of the air supply pressure control system of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention is,

A flap damper unit 10 installed on the outer wall of the staircase room 4 of the high-rise building 1 and automatically opened when the pressure inside the staircase room 4 is higher than a certain pressure to discharge the air inside the staircase room 4 to the outside;

an air supply unit 20 for automatically supplying external air to a specific floor of the stairwell 4 when a fire occurs;

an air curtain unit 30 installed at the entrance of the stairwell 4 to automatically operate when the door is opened to reduce the cross-sectional area of the exit airflow; includes

In one embodiment, the flap damper part 10 is

The first flap damper 101 installed in the high-rise part of the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1 and automatically opened and closed at a constant atmospheric pressure;

a second flap damper 102 installed in the lower part of the stairwell 4 and automatically opened and closed at a constant atmospheric pressure; It is characterized in that it includes.

In one embodiment, the air supply unit 20,

a vertical windpipe 201 installed adjacent to the staircase 4 of the high-rise building 1;

a blower 202 installed to be connected to the vertical wind passage 201 to supply external air to the vertical wind passage 201;

A plurality of the vertical windpipes 201 are installed at regular intervals to automatically open and close the vehicle pressure air damper unit 203 so that external air is supplied to a specific floor of the stairwell 4; It is characterized in that it includes.

In one embodiment, the automobile pressure-supply damper unit 203,

a group of low-level automobile pressurized air dampers (203a) installed on the lower floors of at least two or more floors of the stairwell (4);

a middle-level automobile pressurized air damper group (203b) installed on at least two or more intermediate floors of the staircase room (4);

a high-rise automobile pressurized air damper group (203c) installed in a high-rise part of at least two or more floors of the staircase room (4);

It is characterized in that it includes any one or more.

In one embodiment, the air curtain unit 30,

a first air curtain (301) installed at the entrance (41) of the evacuation floor directly from the lower part of the stairwell (4) to the outdoors;

a second air curtain 302 installed at the rooftop entrance 42 that directly connects to the outdoors from the high-rise part of the stairwell 4; It is characterized in that it includes.

In one embodiment, the air curtain unit 30,

an upper air curtain (30a) installed on the upper side of each entrance;

It is characterized in that it includes any one or more of the side air curtain (30b) installed on the side of each entrance.

In one embodiment, the air curtain air flow sprayed from the air curtain unit 30 is characterized in that the spray is inclined at an angle of 5 to 50 ° at the boundary surface of each entrance.

According to the present invention, by reducing the chimney effect in the event of a fire, smoke generated from the fire living room is suppressed from flowing into the stairwell, and in the event of a fire, residents can safely evacuate and evacuate through the stairwell, and at the same time, the fire brigade can easily enter to suppress the fire. As this is advantageous, there is an effect that can reduce the damage to life and property due to the occurrence of a fire.

In addition, it reduces the excessive positive (+) pressure and the excessive negative (-) pressure generated in the lower floors in the upper floors of the stairwells of high-rise buildings in winter, not in the case of a fire, and the excessive pressure generated in the lower floors of the stairwells of high-rise buildings in summer. By alleviating the positive (+) pressure and the excessive negative (-) pressure generated in the upper floors, there is an effect that can solve the difficulty of opening the door due to the chimney effect.

In addition, in the case of a high-rise building having an elevator shaft, there is an effect of reducing the facility investment cost by using the elevator shaft as a vertical wind direction without installing a separate vertical wind path.

1 is an exemplary view showing a conventional ventilation concept.
Figure 2 is an exemplary view showing the structure of a conventional staircase room.
Figure 3 is an exemplary view showing the main configuration according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure reduction facility of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an exemplary view showing an air curtain unit according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure control facility of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention.
Figure 5 is an exemplary view showing the spray angle of the air curtain according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure control facility of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention.
6 is an exemplary view showing a reduced cross-sectional area of the outflow air flow by the air curtain unit according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure control facility of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail so that those of ordinary skill in the art can easily carry out the present invention. However, since the description of the present invention is merely an embodiment for structural or functional description, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited by the embodiment described in the text. That is, since the embodiment is capable of various changes and may have various forms, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention includes equivalents capable of realizing the technical idea. In addition, since the object or effect presented in the present invention does not mean that a specific embodiment should include all of them or only such effects, it should not be understood that the scope of the present invention is limited thereby.

The meaning of the terms described in the present invention should be understood as follows.

Terms such as “first” and “second” are for distinguishing one component from other components, and the scope of rights should not be limited by these terms. For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be termed a first component. When a component is referred to as being “connected to” another component, it may be directly connected to the other component, but it should be understood that other components may exist in between. On the other hand, when it is mentioned that a certain element is "directly connected" to another element, it should be understood that the other element does not exist in the middle. Meanwhile, other expressions describing the relationship between elements, that is, “between” and “in between” or “neighboring to” and “directly adjacent to”, etc., should be interpreted similarly.

The singular expression is to be understood to include the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and terms such as "comprise" or "have" are not intended to refer to the specified feature, number, step, action, component, part or any of them. It is intended to indicate that a combination exists, and it should be understood that it does not preclude the possibility of the existence or addition of one or more other features or numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

All terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. Terms defined in general used in the dictionary should be interpreted as having the meaning consistent with the context of the related art, and cannot be interpreted as having an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present invention.

Figure 2 is an exemplary view showing the structure of a typical stairwell, Figure 3 is an exemplary view showing the main configuration according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure removal facility of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention, Figure 4 is a high-rise of the present invention It is an exemplary view showing the air curtain part according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure control system of the building stairwell, and FIG. 5 is the spray angle of the air curtain part according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure control system of the stairway of a high-rise building of the present invention 6 is an exemplary view showing the reduced cross-sectional area of the outflow air flow by the air curtain unit according to an embodiment of the structure of the air supply pressure control facility of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention.

It will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6 .

The structure of the air supply pressure control system of the stairwell of a high-rise building of the present invention has a flap damper part 10, an air supply part 20, It includes an air curtain unit (30).

The flap damper part 10 is installed on the outer wall of the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1 and automatically opens when the pressure inside the stairwell 4 is higher than a certain pressure to discharge the air inside the stairwell 4 to the outside. It includes a flap damper 101 and a second flap damper 102 .

The first flap damper 101 is installed in the high-rise part of the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1 and automatically opens and closes at a constant atmospheric pressure.

The second flap damper 102 is installed in the lower part of the stairwell 4 and automatically opens and closes at a constant atmospheric pressure.

It is preferable that the first flap damper 101 and the second flap damper 102 use an electronic or mechanical flap damper to enable automatic opening and closing.

That is, the opening and closing of the first flap damper 101 and the second flap damper 102 is performed automatically according to the set pressure, and the ambient pressure of the first flap damper 101 and the second flap damper 102 is the set pressure. It opens when it is higher than the set pressure and closes when the ambient pressure is lower than the set pressure.

The air supply unit 20 includes a vertical wind duct 201 , a blower 202 , and an automobile pressure supply damper unit 203 to automatically supply external air to the stairwell 4 in the event of a fire in the high-rise building 1 .

The vertical wind duct 201 is installed adjacent to the staircase room 4 of the high-rise building 1 .

It would be preferable to install a normal duct with a vertical wind map 201 having a predetermined cross-sectional area, but it is not limited thereto.

In addition, in the case of a high-rise building 1 in which the elevator shaft 5 is formed adjacent to the stairwell 4, the elevator shaft 5 can be used as the vertical wind duct 201, so that the cost can be reduced.

The blower 202 is installed to be connected to the vertical windpipe 201 so as to supply external air to the inside of the vertical windpipe 201 .

At this time, the blower 202 puts out in advance that it can be installed only at the lower end of the vertical wind duct 201, or can be installed on both the lower end and the upper end of the vertical wind duct 201.

On the other hand, the blower 202 is connected to the fire detection unit of the high-rise building (1) is operated when a fire occurs.

The automobile pressurizer damper unit 203 is installed at regular intervals in the vertical windpipe 201, and the external air supplied into the vertical windpipe 201 by the blower 202 is supplied to a specific floor of the stairwell 4 automatically open and close to

At this time, the opening and closing of the automobile pressure supply damper unit 203 is automatically performed according to the set pressure, and is opened when the ambient pressure of the automobile pressure supply damper unit 203 is lower than the set pressure, and closed when the ambient pressure is higher than the set pressure. do.

On the other hand, the automobile pressure supply damper unit 203 includes a low-level automobile pressure supply damper group 203a, a middle-level automobile pressure supply air damper group 203b, and a high-rise automobile pressure to efficiently supply external air to a specific floor of the stairwell 4 It may include any one or more of the supply air damper group (203c).

The low-level automobile pressurized air damper group (203a) is installed in the lower part of at least two or more floors of the stairwell (4), so that external air is supplied to the lower part of the stairway (4).

The middle-level automobile pressure-supply damper group 203b is installed in at least two or more intermediate floors of the stairwell 4 so that external air is supplied to the middle-level portion of the stairwell 4 .

The high-rise automobile pressurized air damper group 203c is installed in the high-rise part of at least two or more floors of the stairwell 4 so that external air is supplied to the high-rise part of the stairwell 4 .

On the other hand, assuming that the high-rise building 1 is 30 stories high, it is preferable that the automobile pressurizer damper parts 203 be installed at intervals of 3 floors. As an example, 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, In the case where a total of 10 automobile pressurizer dampers are installed over the 19th, 22nd, 25th, and 28th floors, the 1st, 4th, and 7th floors are the lower floors, the 10th, 13th, 16th, and 19th floors are the middle floors, 22 It should be clarified in advance that the floor, the 25th, and the 28th floor are called the high-rise part.

Therefore, in the event of a fire, external air is automatically supplied to the inside of the stairwell 4 so that the internal pressure of the stairwell 4 is maintained, thereby stably maintaining the smoke control performance.

The air curtain unit 30 is installed at the doorway leading to the outdoors of the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1, and operates automatically when the door is opened to reduce the cross-sectional area of the outlet airflow. Includes 2 air curtains (302).

The first air curtain 301 is installed at the exit 41 of the evacuation floor directly from the lower part of the stairwell 4 to the outdoors. make it

The second air curtain 302 is installed in the doorway 42 from the high-rise part of the stairwell 4 to the outdoors, such as the rooftop, so that the cross-sectional area of the airflow flowing out through the doorway 42 is reduced when the door is opened. .

Therefore, as the airflow that may occur when the evacuation floor access door or the rooftop access door connected to the stairwell 4 is opened is reduced, it is possible to prevent the inability of the smoke control performance due to a decrease in the pressure inside the stairwell 4 .

Meanwhile, the air curtain unit 30 may include any one or more of an upper air curtain 30a and a side air curtain 30b to more effectively reduce the cross-sectional area of the outlet airflow.

The upper air curtain 30a is installed above the evacuation floor entrance 41 and the rooftop entrance 42, and the air curtain airflow is sprayed downward.

The side air curtain 30b is installed on one side or both sides of the evacuation floor entrance 41 and the rooftop entrance 42, and the air curtain airflow is sprayed on the side, that is, in the direction of the entrance.

On the other hand, it is preferable that the air curtain airflow sprayed from each air curtain of the air curtain unit 30 is inclined at an angle of 5 to 50° from the boundary surface of each entrance.

The main operation of the present invention as described above will be described in detail as follows.

<Process of generating the normal chimney effect>

In winter, in the stairwell (4) of a high-rise building (1), the internal temperature is higher than the external temperature, so negative (-) pressure is formed in the lower floors and positive (+) pressure is formed in the upper floors with the neutral plane as the boundary. It occurs, the size of which increases in proportion to the temperature difference between the inside and outside air and the vertical distance from the neutral plane.

However, if the normal chimney effect increases, serious problems occur in case of fire.

That is, in the case of a fire in the low-rise living room 2, the smoke from the fire living room is easily sucked into the stairwell 4 by the negative (-) pressure of the stairwell 4, contaminating the stairwell 4, and then the stairwell 4 It rises up and changes to positive (+) pressure in the high-rise part, and the smoke infiltrates into the living room (2) of the high-rise part, causing the smoke diffusion phenomenon in the typical high-rise building (1), thereby increasing the damage to human life.

Therefore, in order to prevent the penetration of smoke into the stairwell (4), fresh outside air is supplied (supplied) to the stairwell (4) or the annex (3) or the stairway (4) and the annex (3) at the same time to positive (+) Controlling the inflow of smoke by forming pressure is the basic concept of “Special Evacuation Stairs and Smoke Control Facilities in Ancillary Room (3)”.

However, during normal chimney effect, the lower part is negative (-) pressure, and if the air pressure in the lower part of the stairwell (4) is increased to positive (+) pressure due to the smoke control air pressure, the same pressure increase occurs in the stairwell (4) as a whole. As a result, the high-rise area has no choice but to form a pressure that is twice as high as before the supply pressure.

As an example, if the outside air is 0 ℃, the bet +20 ℃, the stairwell 4 is 120 m high (40th floor), the normal normal chimney effect is,

* Calculation of the chimney effect when ventilation is not performed

59.3 ≒ 60 m(1) Neutral plane position

59.3 ≒ 60 m

Considering that one floor is 3 m, it is the ceiling of the 20th floor.

(2) The differential pressure formed between the highest and lowest layers is

56 52 Pa① Top floor ;

56 52 Pa

- 52 Pa② The lowest floor ;

- 52 Pa

That is, the highest layer is 52 Pa higher than the outside air, and the lowest layer is 52 Pa lower than the outside air.

* However, in case of fire in the living room (2) on the first floor, if the air pressure in the stairwell (4) is increased to 30 Pa, the pressure on the top floor is

)와 온도 차(

)에 비례하여 커지다가, 최고부에 형성되는 압력은 아래와 같이 142 Pa이라는 높은 압력이 형성되는 것이 된다.- If the first floor is 30 Pa, the pressure of the vertical passage increases from the lower floor to the upper floor (

) and the temperature difference (

) increases in proportion to, and the pressure formed at the highest part becomes a high pressure of 142 Pa as shown below.

134 Pa

134 Pa

This differential pressure is an overpressure that makes it difficult to open the living room door 21 or the accessory room door 31 connected to the stair room 4 .

<Normal chimney effect reduction process>

As is well known, the fluid flows from high pressure to low pressure. In other words, the pressure decreases from upstream to downstream in the flow of a fluid.

If this principle is applied to the stairwell 4, if air flows from the lower part of the stairwell 4 to the upper part, the lower part is upstream and the upper part is downstream, and the pressure is lowered toward the upper part. The faster the airflow, the greater the pressure drop will be.

That is, if the degree of pressure lowered by the airflow and the degree of pressure increased by the normal chimney effect are the same, the chimney effect is offset by the airflow.

Therefore, when explaining the normal chimney effect reduction process of the stairwell 4 according to the present invention, in order to reduce the chimney effect normally generated in the stairwell 4 when a fire occurs in the high-rise building 1, the window of the stairwell 4, etc. All openings are automatically closed while the stairwell 4 is sealed.

Therefore, when the normal chimney effect occurs, the first flap damper 101 of the high-rise part is opened to discharge high-pressure air from the high-rise part.

At the same time, among the automobile pressurized air dampers installed at regular intervals in the entire height of the stairwell 4 and opened for air supply that creates the air pressure when the pressure is below a certain pressure, the low-rise automobile pressure-supply damper group (203a), which is the part with the lowest air pressure, is largely It opens to supply most of the air needed for ventilation.

The air moves upward along the stairwell 4, and the normal stack effect is canceled by frictional losses generated during the upward flow of the airflow.

As time elapses, due to the continuous inflow of low-temperature outdoor air, the temperature of the stairwell (4) decreases and the chimney effect is reduced. The air supply amount of the supply air damper group 203a is reduced, and the air supply amount of the middle-level automobile pressure supply damper group 203b and the high-rise automobile pressure supply air damper group 203c is increased.

As an example, the low-rise automobile pressure supply damper group 203a, the mid-level automobile pressure supply air damper group 203b, the high-rise automobile pressure supply air damper group 203c and the first flap damper installed in the high-rise part installed in the vertical wind map 201 ( 101) is set to 30 Pa, and the pressure in the stairwell 4 at that time becomes (-)50 Pa in the lower floor, 0 Pa in the middle floor, and (+)50 Pa in the upper floor due to the normal chimney effect occurring at that time. In this situation, the first flap damper 101 installed in the high-rise part operates to discharge a significant flow rate so that the atmospheric pressure of 50 Pa in the high-rise part becomes the atmospheric pressure of 30 Pa.

At the same time, the low-rise automatic air supply damper group (203a) will supply a large amount of air supply so that -50 Pa becomes 30 Pa, and in the middle-level automatic air supply damper group (203b), a small amount of air corresponding to the surrounding atmospheric pressure (slightly lower than 30 Pa) Supply air will occur, and there will be little supply air in the high-rise automobile pressure supply damper group 203c. As a result, an upward airflow is generated in the stairwell 4, so that the chimney effect is considerably weakened.

However, as time elapses, the chimney effect is further reduced as the temperature of the staircase room 4 decreases due to an increase in the inflow of outside air. Thus, the demand for supply air in the lower part where the atmospheric pressure increases will decrease, and the supply amount will be reduced in the low-floor automatic air supply damper group (203a), and when the atmospheric pressure is sufficiently low, supply air will occur in the high-rise automobile pressure supply damper group (203c). The first flap damper 101 is closed when the amount of discharge is reduced and the ambient pressure is lowered to less than 30 Pa.

<Process of generating the reverse chimney effect>

In summer, in the stairwell (4) of a high-rise building (1), the internal temperature is lower than the external temperature, so positive (+) pressure is formed in the lower part and negative (-) pressure is formed in the upper part by the neutral plane in the center as a boundary. The effect occurs, the size of which increases in proportion to the temperature difference between the bet and the outside air and the height of the stairwell (4).

However, this phenomenon is smaller than the normal chimney effect in winter because the difference in temperature between inside and outside is not large.

However, as the upper part of the stairwell 4 becomes positive (+) pressure by this smoke control air pressure, the positive (+) pressure in the lower part is greatly increased, that is, there is no choice but to form a pressure more than twice as high as before.

As an example, if the outside air is 35 ° C, the indoor air is 25 ° C, and the stairwell 4 is 120 m high (40th floor), the normal normal chimney effect is,

* Calculation of the chimney effect when ventilation is not performed

(1) Location of neutral plane If you look at the floor of the 21st floor.

(2) The differential pressure formed between the highest and lowest layers is

-22.6 Pa① Top floor ;

-22.6 Pa

22.6 Pa② The lowest floor ;

22.6 Pa

That is, the highest layer is 22.6 Pa lower than the outside air, and the lowest layer is 22.6 Pa higher than the outside air.

)와 온도 차(

)에 비례하여 커지다가, 최저층부에 형성되는 압력은 아래와 같이 75 Pa이라는 비교적 높은 압력이 형성되는데, 이 정도의 기압은 상황에 따라 과압이 아닌 것으로 판단할 수도 있다. * By the way, if the 40th floor is pressurized to 30 Pa in the upper stairwell (4) in case of a fire in the living room (2), the pressure at the lowest level is - If the 40th floor is 30 Pa, the pressure in the vertical passage increases as you go down from the upper floor to the lower floor (

) and the temperature difference (

), and the pressure formed in the lowest layer forms a relatively high pressure of 75 Pa as shown below, and it can be determined that this level of air pressure is not overpressure depending on the circumstances.

75 Pa

75 Pa

Therefore, in the case of a structure in which the staircase room 4 and the annex room 3 are both smoke-controlled, the reverse chimney effect in summer is not considered, and a low-level air supply system that considers the normal chimney effect in winter can be used.

Meanwhile, since the reverse stack effect mitigation process is similar to the normal stack effect, a description thereof will be omitted.

As described above, the present invention provides a flap damper unit 10 that automatically opens when the pressure inside the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1 is above a certain pressure and discharges the air inside the stairwell 4 to the outside, and the stairwell in case of fire. (4) The chimney effect is reduced by the air supply unit 20, which supplies external air to the inside to keep the internal pressure of the stairwell 4 constant, and effectively suppresses the penetration of smoke into the stairwell 4 in the event of a fire. be able to do

<Process of reducing airflow when the door is opened>

The effect of reducing airflow leakage when the door leading from the stairwell 4 to the outdoors is opened according to the present invention will be described in detail.

When the evacuation floor entrance door 13, the roof entrance door 14, etc. that directly connect from the stair room 4 to the outdoors are opened, the side air curtain 30b installed on the side of the door and the upper air curtain 30a installed on the top Airflow outflow is reduced by significantly reducing the cross-sectional area of the outflow airflow at the entrance under the influence of the blown air curtain airflow.

As an example, if the stairwell 4 is pressurized to 30 Pa in a 40-story apartment building,

1) the amount of leakage; Assuming that the leakage per floor is the allowable leakage of three fire doors,

Leakage per floor is 3 × 1.8 ㎥/60 · EA = 0.09≒0.1 ㎥/s

--> All floors 0.1×40=4 ㎥/s ------------- ①

2) chimney effect offset flow; Estimate the air volume to offset the chimney effect when the temperature difference between inside and outside is 20 ℃.

)은- interpretation as a continuous serial opening (see Fig. 2); There are two openings (A′) of 1.35×2.3=3.1 m2, for example, directly above the stair part (A) on one floor, and there are 80 openings in a series structure from the first floor to the 40th floor, Effective flow area converted to openings (

)silver

(㎡),

(m2),

○Maximum differential pressure caused by the chimney effect;

(Pa)

(Pa)

○The amount of air flow in the stairwell (4) that can generate a differential pressure of 104 Pa is

(If it is 20℃ air, ρ=353/293=1.2 (kg/㎥),)

m³/s-②

m³/s-②

※Reference; wind speed at the opening; 2.92/3.1=0.94 m/s

3) Replenishment amount; Smoke-free air volume in two-story annex; 0.7 m/s×2㎡×2 pieces=2.8 ㎥/s ------------③

4) Outflow of outdoor door; When the first-floor entrance door (13; 2 ㎡) that leads directly to the outside of the stairwell is opened, the amount of air that flows out is the same when there is no air curtain.

9 ㎥/s 이 되는데,

It becomes 9 m3/s,

It is assumed that the outflow of the open door is reduced by 1/5 by the air curtain; 9/5= 1.8 m3/s-④

※When the roof entrance door is opened, it can be replaced with ② for chimney effect offset.

5) Blower capacity: (① Leakage amount + ② Chimney effect offset amount + ③ Smoke-proof air volume + ④ Outdoor door flow rate) × 1.15 (15% margin)

Q=(4+2.92+2.8+1.8)×1.15=13.2 m3/s

6) evaluation; The blower capacity does not increase significantly in the site to which this proposal is applied compared to the site to which the attached room alone is applied. That is, innovative improvements are possible with an increase of 30% level.

That is, in the present invention, as the airflow of the open door is reduced by the air curtain according to the present invention, the internal pressure of the stairwell 4 is kept constant and the chimney effect is reduced, effectively suppressing the penetration of smoke into the stairwell 4 in the event of a fire. be able to do

On the other hand, the present invention as described above has been described based on application to the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1, but is not limited thereto, and is formed adjacent to the stairwell 4 in a typical high-rise building 1 It is to be noted in advance that it is possible to apply not only to the auxiliary room 3 or the elevator shaft 5, but also to the stairwell 4 and the auxiliary room 3 and the elevator shaft 5 at the same time.

Above, the embodiment of the present invention is not implemented only through the above-described apparatus and/or operation method, but through a program for realizing a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention, a recording medium in which the program is recorded, etc. It may be implemented, and such an implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention pertains from the description of the above-described embodiments.

In addition, although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements by those skilled in the art using the basic concept of the present invention defined in the following claims are also provided. is within the scope of the right.

1: High-rise building 2: Living room
21: living room door 3: annex
31: annex door 4: stairwell
41: evacuation floor entrance 42: rooftop entrance
5: elevator shaft 10: flap damper part
101: first flap damper 102: second flap damper
20: air supply 201: vertical wind
202: blower 203: automobile pressurizer damper part
203a: low-rise automotive pressure-supply damper group 203b: middle-level automotive pressure-supply damper group
203c: high-rise automobile pressure air damper group 30: air curtain unit
301: first air curtain 302: second air curtain
30a: upper air curtain 30b: side air curtain

Claims (7)

A flap damper unit 10 installed on the outer wall of the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1 and automatically opened and closed according to the pressure change inside the stairwell 4 to maintain the air pressure inside the stairwell;
an air supply unit 20 for automatically supplying external air to a specific floor of the stairwell 4 when a fire occurs;
an air curtain unit (30) installed at the entrance of the stairwell (4) to automatically operate when the door is opened to reduce the cross-sectional area of the exit airflow; Consists of including,
The flap damper part 10,
A first flap damper 101 that is installed in the high-rise part of the stairwell 4 of the high-rise building 1 and automatically opens when the ambient pressure is higher than the set pressure, and automatically closes when the ambient pressure is lower than the set pressure;
a second flap damper 102 installed in the lower part of the stairwell 4 and automatically opened when the ambient pressure is higher than the set pressure, and automatically closed when the ambient pressure is lower than the set pressure; including,
The air supply unit 20,
a vertical windpipe 201 that is installed adjacent to the staircase 4 of the high-rise building 1;
a blower 202 installed to be connected to the vertical wind passage 201 to supply external air to the vertical wind passage 201;
A plurality of the vertical windpipes 201 are installed at regular intervals to automatically open and close the vehicle pressure air damper unit 203 so that external air is supplied to a specific floor of the stairwell 4; includes,
The automobile pressure-supply damper part 203,
a group of low-level automobile pressurized air dampers (203a) installed on the lower floors of at least two or more floors of the stairwell (4);
a middle-level automobile pressurized air damper group (203b) installed on at least two or more intermediate floors of the staircase room (4);
a high-rise automobile pressurized air damper group (203c) installed in a high-rise part of at least two or more floors of the staircase room (4); including,
The air curtain unit 30,
a first air curtain (301) installed at the entrance (41) of the evacuation floor directly from the lower part of the stairwell (4) to the outdoors;
a second air curtain 302 installed at the rooftop entrance 42 that directly connects to the outdoors from the high-rise part of the stairwell 4; including,
an upper air curtain (30a) installed on the upper side of each entrance;
Side air curtain (30b) installed on the side of each entrance; including,
The air curtain airflow sprayed from each air curtain unit 30 is sprayed at an angle of 5 to 50° from the boundary surface of the doorway to reduce the cross-sectional area of the airflow flowing out through the doorway, so that the air pressure inside the stairwell can be automatically maintained. The structure of the air supply pressure control system of the stairwell of a high-rise building, characterized in that
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