KR102388786B1 - Real fire training center facility for refuge training according to smoke movement, and method for smoke spread experiment using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Conduct horizontal smoke diffusion experiments and vertical smoke diffusion experiments according to the occurrence of real fires, perform evacuation training according to smoke behavior, and also theory on real fire training facilities for evacuation training according to smoke behavior And by implementing the analysis and demonstration process through experiments, it analyzes the characteristics of smoke behavior during a building fire, and connects smoke behavior and evacuation effects in more complex fire situations through the analysis of harmful gases, which are components of smoke. In addition, as a training ground for evacuation training based on a real fire, it can be used in combination for firefighter education and training, public disaster safety education, and research-purpose experiments. A real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, which can perform public safety education such as situation viewing and experience, and a smoke diffusion test method are provided.

Description

Real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior and its smoke diffusion test method

The present invention relates to a real fire training center facility for evacuation training, and more specifically, horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and vertical smoke diffusion experiment according to the occurrence of a real fire, and evacuation training according to smoke behavior. It relates to a real fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior and a smoke diffusion test method therefor.

According to the results of the investigation on the cause of death at the fire site, more than 70 to 80% are found to be suffocation caused by harmful smoke. It is known that vertical evacuation is difficult, and as a result, large-scale human and material damage may occur.

In addition, the building evacuation plan is established through various simulations to comprehensively consider the harmfulness of smoke and the behavior of smoke when a fire occurs. Since it is influenced by Therefore, it is required to develop a real fire training facility for evacuation that can check the behavior of smoke according to changes in physical situational variables assuming a large-scale fire situation.

Various factors are organically linked to the factors related to smoke generation and smoke behavior in buildings, but in previous studies, individual issues such as the amount of smoke generated by combustibles, smoke concentration and harmfulness, or adequacy of smoke control and exhaust methods for each structure of a building, etc. Not much research has been done. This is because it is difficult to reflect various variables such as the type of building, type of fuel, and ventilation conditions in case of a real fire. It can be said that it is a fact.

Recently, as the number of high-rise buildings with more than 30 stories is rapidly increasing, it can cause a very high loss of life compared to simple fire accidents in the past, and it is very urgent to develop prevention and response technologies. In particular, it is necessary to secure the safety of firefighters facing a fire in a high-rise building, and to develop training for suppression, rescue, and first aid capabilities, and to commercialize simulation technology for evacuation training according to changes in smoke behavior of the public.

In addition, the strategy that firefighters should select first in performing fire suppression is fire control and exhaust smoke, and this is possible only when the fuel characteristics, compartments, and smoke characteristics of the fire building can be grasped. In addition, for firefighters performing fire suppression, the ability to read smoke is a factor that determines the firefighter's on-site safety and fire suppression speed. You could call it a skill.

Therefore, it is necessary to build an infrastructure that can conduct professional training to dramatically improve the level of professional response activities of firefighters in the field. In other words, although smoke behavior caused by fires inside buildings is the most important cause of human casualties, there is currently no infrastructure in Korea that can provide effective education and training on the characteristics and risks of fire and smoke behavior.

On the other hand, as a prior art, Korean Patent Laid-Open Patent No. 2017-127682 discloses an invention named “a building for fire training”, which will be described with reference to FIG. 1 .

1 is a block diagram showing a building for fire drills and a display unit according to the related art, in which a) of FIG. 1 is a view showing a building for fire training, and b) of FIG. 1 is a view showing a display unit.

As shown in Figure 1, the fire training building 10 according to the prior art, a plurality of spaces 20 in which at least one of a flame and smoke can occur; at least one opening 11 for opening an adjacent space among the plurality of spaces 20; At least one display unit 13 for displaying information about gas in the atmosphere according to the presence of flames and smoke in each of the plurality of spaces 20; and at least one opening and closing member 12 for opening and closing each of the at least one opening 11, wherein the opening 11 includes a first opening 11a and a second opening 11b, , the opening and closing member 12 includes a first opening and closing member 12a and a second opening and closing member 12b. Here, reference numeral 14 denotes the starting point of the fire.

At this time, the display unit 13 displays different colors according to the type and concentration of gas in the atmosphere of the space 20 , and the display unit 13 displays the type and content of gas in the atmosphere of the space 20 . can be displayed so that information about the gas in the space 20 can be checked from the outside. Here, as shown in b) of FIG. 1 , reference numeral 13a denotes a character display unit, and reference numeral 13b denotes a color display unit, respectively.

According to the fire training building according to the prior art, in preparation for an actual fire situation, it is possible to grasp the movement path of harmful gas, to build fire suppression and evacuation tips more efficiently, and also according to the distance from the fire start point The distribution of harmful gases and types of harmful gases can be identified, and a systematic rescue plan can be established in an actual fire situation through the display unit.

However, in the case of a building for fire drills according to the prior art, there is a problem in that it is difficult to actually perform a horizontal smoke diffusion test and a vertical smoke diffusion test.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2017-127682 (published on November 22, 2017), title of invention: "Building for fire training" Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1511600 (Registration Date: April 7, 2015), Title of Invention: "Simple Installation Type Fire Experience Room" Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1937590 (Registration Date: January 04, 2019), Title of Invention: "Fire Suppression Training Device Using Light" Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-2024340 (Registration Date: September 17, 2019), Title of Invention: "Fire Condition Display System and Method" Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1758860 (Registration Date: July 11, 2017), Title of Invention: "Fire simulation device and its operating method" Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2015-61251 (published on June 4, 2015), title of invention: "USN-based real-time fire control system"

The technical problem to be achieved by the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is to perform a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment according to the occurrence of a real fire so that evacuation training according to the smoke behavior can be performed. It is to provide a real fire training ground facility for evacuation training and a smoke diffusion test method therefor.

Another technical task to be achieved by the present invention is to analyze the characteristics of smoke behavior in a building fire by implementing the analysis and demonstration process through theory and experimentation on real fire training facilities for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, and the composition of smoke This is to provide a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior and a smoke diffusion test method, which can be identified by linking smoke behavior and evacuation effects in more complex fire situations through the analysis of harmful gases, which are elements. .

Another technical task to be achieved by the present invention is that, as a training ground for evacuation training based on a real fire, it can be used in combination for firefighter education and training, public disaster safety education, and research purpose experiments, and transparent tempered glass installed in front of the training experiment building. This is to provide a real fire training center facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior and a smoke diffusion test method according to smoke behavior, which can provide public safety education such as viewing and experiencing the response situation of the training experiment.

As a means for achieving the above-mentioned technical problem, the real fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the present invention is a real fire training ground for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior, including a laboratory, a vertical windpipe, a machine room and a stair room a training lab building where horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments are performed in a number of horizontally and vertically partitioned and connected laboratories; It includes a measuring probe, a connection sensor hose, a gas analyzer, a monitoring device, and a mobile tray respectively installed at predetermined positions in the training lab, and horizontal and vertical smoke according to the behavior of fire smoke generated by burning inflammables by the mobile tray laboratory equipment for conducting diffusion experiments; and a remote control room having a remote monitoring and control device installed to be spaced apart from the training experiment building, and remotely monitoring and controlling horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments in the training experiment building, wherein the training experiment building includes the gas ground floor where analyzers and monitoring devices are installed; A laboratory in which the measurement probe and the connection sensor hose are installed, respectively, such that a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment are performed according to the behavior of fire smoke generated by burning inflammables as a plurality of spaces divided horizontally and vertically; As an exhaust port formed in the vertical direction, the connection sensor hose is arranged to extend in the vertical direction; a dust collection facility installed on the roof to remove dust and harmful gases generated during horizontal smoke diffusion tests and vertical smoke diffusion tests; Dry bits formed on the back of the smoke behavior training experimental building for external insulation suppression training; and a vertical evacuation ladder installed downward on the back of each laboratory for evacuation training; A horizontal pipe through which the connection sensor hose passes horizontally is disposed on each upper part of the laboratory of the training experiment building, and a vertical pipe through which the connection sensor hose of the experimental facility passes vertically is extended to the vertical windpipe; And for the vertical smoke diffusion experiment, a damper whose opening and closing is controlled is formed in the upper part of each laboratory of the training experiment building; The gas analyzer of the experimental facility is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), hydrogen cyanide, which are exhaust gases during a fire test. (HCN) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) simultaneously measure and analyze pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate in real time, and store the measurement results; And in the horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments, the measured temperature (T) exceeds 60℃, the visible distance (V) is less than 5m, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration is less than 15%, and the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration is 1,400 If it exceeds ppm, and the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) concentration exceeds 5%, it is characterized in that it is considered to correspond to a hazardous gas condition.

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Here, it is preferable that the front of each laboratory of the training experiment building is formed of transparent tempered glass so that the experimental condition can be visually confirmed.

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Here, the experimental equipment is installed in the upper part of each of the laboratory measuring probes for sampling and collecting fire smoke; a connection sensor hose having one side connected to the measurement probe and transferring the sampled fire smoke to the gas analyzer; a gas analyzer for analyzing the fire smoke transferred through the connection sensor hose; a monitoring device for displaying the measurement result of the gas analyzer to be monitored in the field; Mobile tray that is installed in the fire floor laboratory and generates fire smoke by burning inflammables; CCTV cameras installed in each of the fire floor laboratory and other laboratories in communication with each other to photograph the experimental situation; and a thermocouple installed in each of the fire floor laboratory and another laboratory in communication with each other to measure the fire smoke temperature.

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Here, the thermocouple is preferably installed based on the respiratory limit line of 1.8m to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height.

Here, the remote monitoring and control device of the remote control room, CCTV monitor for monitoring the experimental process photographed through the CCTV camera; a remote control device for remotely controlling a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment in the training experiment building; and a gas analyzer measurement monitor for monitoring a measurement result of the gas analyzer.

On the other hand, as another means for achieving the above-mentioned technical problem, the horizontal smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the present invention is a) horizontal smoke of the smoke layer by height of the fire layer laboratory Installing a thermocouple for checking the diffusion temperature and a CCTV camera for checking the rate of descent of the smoke layer; b) igniting a mobile tray installed at a predetermined position in the fire layer laboratory, and forming a smoke layer according to combustion of combustibles; c) propagating a flame to a horizontally connected intermediate door in the fire floor laboratory; d) when the flame spreads to the intermediate door, opening the intermediate door; e) checking the temperature of the smoke horizontally spreading through the thermocouple and checking the smoke concentration through a gas analyzer; and f) confirming the speed of descending of the smoke layer through the image captured by the CCTV camera, provided that the middle door is opened when the flame propagates to the middle door of each laboratory. After that, check the temperature and concentration of horizontally spreading smoke; In step a), a thermocouple is installed based on the respiratory limit of 1.8m to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height; The gas analyzer of step e) is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), cyanide, which are exhaust gases during a fire test At the same time as gas measurement of hydrogen (HCN) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate are measured and analyzed in real time, and the measurement result is stored; And in the horizontal smoke diffusion test, the measured temperature (T) exceeds 60 ℃, the visible distance (V) is less than 5 m, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration is less than 15%, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration is 1,400 ppm Exceeded, when the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) concentration exceeds 5%, it is characterized in that it is considered to correspond to a hazardous gas condition.

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On the other hand, as another means for achieving the above-mentioned technical problem, the vertical smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the present invention is a) Check the vertical smoke diffusion temperature in the vertically communicating laboratory installing a thermocouple and a CCTV camera for checking the rate of rise of the smoke layer; b) closing the dampers of each of the vertically communicated laboratories; c) igniting the mobile tray installed at a predetermined position in the fire layer laboratory, and forming a smoke layer according to combustion of combustibles; d) opening the damper when the smoke from the fire floor descends and fills the entire laboratory on the floor; e) measuring the vertical smoke diffusion time to the entire floor according to the opening of the damper and confirming the smoke rising speed; f) confirming the rate of rising of the smoke floor through the image captured by the CCTV camera; And g) the gas analyzer analyzes the concentration of the noxious gas sampled and collected from the measuring probe installed for each laboratory to confirm the smoke concentration for each laboratory, but communicates vertically to quantitatively analyze the smoke behavior that spreads vertically Measure the smoke speed of each laboratory on each floor; And in step d), the dam is opened when the smoke from the fire floor falls below the respiratory limit of 1.8 m and fills the entire laboratory for each floor, and the vertical smoke diffusion time to the entire floor according to the damper opening is measured, and the smoke The rate of ascent is visually checked; The gas analyzer of step g) is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), cyanide, which are exhaust gases during a fire test At the same time as gas measurement of hydrogen (HCN) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate are measured and analyzed in real time, and the measurement result is stored; And during the vertical smoke diffusion experiment, the measured temperature (T) exceeds 60 ℃, the visible distance (V) is less than 5m, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration is less than 15%, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration is 1,400ppm Exceeded, when the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) concentration exceeds 5%, it is characterized in that it is considered to correspond to a hazardous gas condition.

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According to the present invention, it is possible to perform a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment according to the occurrence of a real fire so as to perform evacuation training according to smoke behavior. In other words, it is possible to confirm the possibility of contamination of the air inside a building and the possibility of suffocation damage to occupants according to the smoke behavior through various experiments on the generation and behavior of smoke, the generation of harmful gases, and the diffusion within the building in an actual fire situation. , fire evacuation activities can be conducted efficiently.

According to the present invention, by implementing the analysis and verification process through theory and experiment on the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior, the smoke behavior characteristics during a building fire are analyzed, and Through the analysis, it is possible to link the smoke behavior and the evacuation effect in more complex fire situations.

According to the present invention, as a training ground for evacuation training based on a real fire, it can be used in combination for firefighter education and training, public disaster safety education, and research purpose experiments.

According to the present invention, it is possible to perform public safety education such as viewing and experiencing the response situation of the training experiment through the transparent tempered glass installed in the front of the training experiment building.

1 is a block diagram showing a building for fire drills and a display unit according to the prior art.
Figure 2 is a photograph showing the front of the training experiment building in the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a photograph showing the rear surface of the training experiment building in the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view of a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view showing a measuring probe, a connection sensor hose, a gas analyzer, and a display installed in a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a view for explaining in detail the type of gas that can be measured by a gas analyzer installed in a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view illustrating a dangerous condition of harmful gas in a real fire training center facility for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating the exterior and interior of a control room in a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is an operation flowchart of a horizontal smoke diffusion test method of a real fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a view showing the installation position of the thermocouple and the mobile tray for the horizontal smoke diffusion experiment of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention.
11 is a diagram illustrating each of a mobile tray, a thermocouple, and a camera for a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment of a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12A and 12B are diagrams for explaining the results of a horizontal smoke diffusion test of a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
13 is an operation flowchart of a vertical smoke diffusion test method of a real fire training center facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
14 is a view for specifically explaining a vertical smoke diffusion experiment of a real fire training center facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating a damper for a vertical smoke diffusion experiment of a real fire training center facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention.
16 is a view for explaining the vertical smoke diffusion test results of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those of ordinary skill in the art can easily implement them. However, the present invention may be embodied in several different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. And in order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted, and similar reference numerals are attached to similar parts throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part "includes" a certain element, it means that other elements may be further included, rather than excluding other elements, unless otherwise stated. In addition, terms such as “…unit” described in the specification mean a unit that processes at least one function or operation, which may be implemented as hardware or software or a combination of hardware and software.

[Actual fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior]

2 is a photograph showing the front of a training experiment building in a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a real fire for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention. This is a picture showing the back of the training experiment building in the training ground facility.

Referring to Figure 2, in the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, the training experiment building 100 is a smoke behavior training experiment building, the ground floor 110, the laboratory 120, and the vertical wind map. 130, the machine room 140 and the stair room 150, and further, as shown in FIG. 4 to be described later, includes a dust collecting facility 160 installed on the roof, and also as shown in FIG. Likewise, it includes a dry bit 170 and a vertical escape ladder 180 .

The ground layer 110 is a piloti structure ground layer formed on the first floor of the smoke behavior training experiment building 100 , and a gas analyzer and a monitoring device may be installed therein.

The laboratory 120 is for performing a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment, for example, as shown, two laboratories are formed on the 2nd to 6th floors, respectively, but is not limited thereto. That is, the laboratory 120 is a plurality of spaces that are horizontally and vertically partitioned and communicated by an intermediate door or damper. As shown in FIG. 4 , the measurement probe 210 and the connection sensor hose 220 are installed, respectively. In addition, a mobile tray 250 is installed in the fire floor laboratory that burns inflammables to generate fire smoke. At this time, it is preferable that the front surface of each of the laboratories 120 is made of transparent tempered glass so that the experimental condition can be visually confirmed.

The vertical windpipe 130 is an exhaust port formed in a vertical direction, and as shown in FIG. 4 , the connection sensor hose 220 installed in each laboratory 120 is arranged to extend in the vertical direction.

The machine room 140 is installed on the roof to drive the elevator, and the stair room 150 is formed from the first floor to the roof, respectively.

The dust collecting facility 160 is an environmental pollution prevention facility, and may be installed on the roof to remove dust and harmful gases generated during horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments.

Dry bit 170, as shown in FIG. 3, is formed from the roof to the ground on the back of the smoke behavior training experiment building 100 for external insulation suppression training.

The vertical evacuation ladder 180, as shown in FIG. 3, is installed downward on the rear surface of each laboratory 120 for evacuation training.

In order to construct a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, a series of processes of designing and constructing the smoke behavior training experiment building 100 is included, and at this time, the building structure, mechanical equipment, and electricity It is obvious to those skilled in the art that facilities, sanitation facilities, communication facilities, firefighting facilities, etc. can be installed.

Meanwhile, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. As a view showing the measuring probe, the connected sensor hose, the gas analyzer and the display, in FIG. 5 a) shows the measuring probe 210, FIG. 5 b) shows the connected sensor hose 220, FIG. 5 c ) represents the gas analyzer 230 , and d) of FIG. 5 represents the monitoring device 240 , respectively.

4, the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention is largely composed of a training experiment building 100, an experiment facility 200, and a remote control room 300, The training lab 100 includes a ground floor 110 , a laboratory 120 , a vertical windpipe 130 , a machine room 140 , a staircase room 150 , and the like, and the experimental facility 200 includes a measurement probe 210 , a connection It includes a sensor hose 220 , a gas analyzer 230 , a monitoring device 240 , and a mobile tray 250 , and the remote control room 300 includes a remote monitoring and control device 310 .

The training experiment building 100 is a real fire training ground for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, and includes a laboratory 120, a vertical windpipe 130, a machine room 140, and a stair room 150. At this time, it is divided horizontally and vertically. Horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments are performed in a number of communicating laboratories 120 . Here, a horizontal pipe 121 through which the connection sensor hose 220 passes horizontally is disposed on the upper part of each of the laboratory 120 , and the connection sensor hose of the laboratory equipment 200 is located in the vertical windpipe 130 ( A vertical pipe 131 through which 220 is vertically passed may be extended. In addition, for the vertical smoke diffusion experiment, a damper 122 whose opening and closing is controlled is formed in the upper part of each of the laboratories 120 of the training experiment building 100 . At this time, it is preferable that the front surface of each of the laboratories 120 of the training experiment building 100 is formed of transparent tempered glass so that the experimental conditions can be visually confirmed.

The experimental facility 200 includes a measurement probe 210 , a connection sensor hose 220 , a gas analyzer 230 , a monitoring device 240 , and a mobile tray 250 installed at predetermined positions in the training experiment building 100 , respectively. Including, horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments are performed according to the behavior of fire smoke generated by burning inflammables by the mobile tray 250 .

Specifically, the measurement probe 210 is installed in the upper portion of each of the laboratories 120 to sample the fire smoke. For example, the measurement probe 210 uses a cone type for fixing within 300 mm that can be fixed on the inner upper part of each laboratory 120 to be measured, as shown in FIG. 5 a), The end of the measuring probe 210 is formed of a metal pipe so as to be protected from the fire smoke temperature exposed during the experiment time in each laboratory 120, for example, a length of at least about 70 cm must be secured. .

At this time, the horizontal pipe 121 may be connected to the electric distribution room (EPS room) located in the front room (hall) by horizontally traversing the space of the laboratory 120 for each floor by being connected to the measurement probe 210, and also horizontally A vertical pipe 131 is used to connect the installed horizontal pipes 121 from the electric distribution room (EPS room) to the gas analyzer 230 on the ground floor. At this time, the vertical pipe 131 is connected to each gas analyzer 230 in order to monitor the gas concentration in each room in real time, so that the measured gas concentration in each laboratory 120 can be checked in real time.

One side of the connection sensor hose 220 is connected to the measurement probe 210 , and the sampled fire smoke is transferred to the gas analyzer 230 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5 b), the sensor hose 220 made of Teflon connected to each laboratory 120 on all floors from the 2nd to the 6th floor is a gas installed on the first floor of the training experiment building 100. It is gathered by the analyzer 230 and the monitoring device 240 . Thereafter, the gas concentration can be checked in real time by connecting the monitoring device 240 to the remote control room 300 . That is, a monitoring device may be installed at the entrance of the first floor of the remote control room 300 and the training experiment building 100, respectively, and the gas concentration screen measured through this may be displayed double.

The gas analyzer 230 analyzes the fire smoke transferred through the connection sensor hose 220 . At this time, the gas analyzer 230 is installed inside the training laboratory 100, for example, at the entrance on the first floor, and at this time, the connection sensor hose 220 is connected to the upper wall for each laboratory 120 for each floor, and each By fastening the measurement probe 210 to the connection sensor hose 220 of

Specifically, the gas analyzer 230, as shown in FIG. 5 c), can measure a wire, and a gas suction pump (not shown) installed in the gas analyzer 230 is connected with a maximum length of 50 m. It is possible to quickly measure the gas concentration measured through the sensor hose 220, and at this time, it is possible to measure the gas concentration of the fire smoke without reducing heat. Here, the gas analyzer 230 is, as shown in FIG. 6 to be described later, oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen which are exhaust gases during a fire test. Oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) are measured in real time and simultaneously measured and analyzed pressure, gas flow rate of 0-100 m/s, gas flow rate, etc. can be saved

As shown in d) of FIG. 5 , the monitoring device 240 displays the measurement result of the gas analyzer 230 to be monitored on the ground floor 110 .

The mobile tray 250 is a movable tray, and is installed by moving to a fire floor laboratory, and generates fire smoke by burning combustibles for horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 10 to be described later, a CCTV camera 260 is installed in each of the fire floor laboratory and other laboratory communicating with each other to photograph the experimental situation, and the thermocouple 270 is connected to the fire floor laboratory and other connected laboratories. It is installed in each laboratory to measure the fire smoke temperature. Here, the thermocouple 270 is preferably installed based on the respiratory limit line of 1.8m to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height.

The remote control room 300 includes a remote monitoring and control device 310 that is installed to be spaced apart from the training experiment building 100 , and remotely monitors and controls horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments in the training experiment building 100 . do.

On the other hand, Figure 6 is a view for explaining in detail the type of gas that can be measured by a gas analyzer installed in a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to a smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 7 is a diagram of the present invention It is a diagram exemplifying the dangerous conditions of harmful gases in the facilities of the real fire training ground for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment.

The gas analyzer 230 installed in the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention is sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen (O ₂ ), etc. It is preferable to use a product approved by the Ministry of Environment for the analysis of atmospheric emissions of

Specifically, the gas analyzer 230 according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6 , the exhaust gases oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen ( NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), etc. are measured and simultaneously measured and analyzed in real-time and the pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate are measured and analyzed, and the measurement results are displayed in the main body. can be stored in the built-in memory.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, in the horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments in the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the measured temperature (T) is 60 ℃ Exceeds, the visible distance (V) is less than 5m, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration is less than 15%, the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration exceeds 1,400 ppm, and the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) concentration exceeds 5% , it can be considered that it corresponds to a dangerous condition.

On the other hand, FIGS. 8A and 8B are views illustrating the exterior and interior of a control room in a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8A shows a remote control room 300, and FIG. 8b shows a remote monitoring and control device in the remote control room 300 .

As shown in FIG. 8A , the remote control room 300 satisfies the insulation standards and may be formed of a container equipped with a heating and cooling facility, and as shown in FIG. 8B , a remote monitoring and control device for the remote control room (310), CCTV monitor (311) for monitoring the experimental process taken through the CCTV camera (260); a remote control device 312 for remotely controlling a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment in the training experiment building 100; and a gas analyzer measurement monitor 313 for monitoring the measurement result of the gas analyzer 230 , but is not limited thereto.

In the end, in the case of a real fire training center facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and vertical smoke diffusion experiment according to the occurrence of a real fire are performed so that evacuation training according to smoke behavior can be performed. Also, as a training ground for evacuation training based on a real fire, it can be used in combination for firefighter education and training, public disaster safety education, and research-purpose experiments, and respond to training experiments through the transparent tempered glass installed in front of the training laboratory Public safety education such as viewing the situation and experiencing the situation can be conducted.

[Horizontal smoke diffusion test method of real fire training ground facilities for evacuation training according to smoke behavior]

9 is an operation flowchart of a horizontal smoke diffusion test method of a real fire training center facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a view showing a thermocouple and mobile tray installation location for a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating each of a mobile tray, a thermocouple, and a camera for a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment.

Referring to FIG. 9, the horizontal smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention is, first, as shown in FIG. 10, the height of the fire floor laboratory 120 Thermocouples 271 to 274 for checking the horizontal smoke diffusion temperature of each smoke layer and CCTV cameras 261 to 264 for checking the rate of descent of the smoke layer are installed (S110). For example, in order to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height, a thermocouple 270 is installed based on the respiratory limit of 1.8 m as shown in FIG. 11 b), and also shown in FIG. 11 c) A CCTV camera 260 may be installed as described above.

Next, the mobile tray 250 installed at a predetermined position in the fire layer laboratory 120 is ignited, and a smoke layer is formed according to combustion of combustibles (S120). That is, a combustible material, for example, wood, is put into the mobile tray 250 as shown in a) of FIG. 11 , and the mobile tray 250 is ignited to form a smoke layer according to combustion of the combustible material.

Next, the flame is spread to the horizontally connected middle door in the fire layer laboratory 120 (S130).

Next, when the flame spreads to the middle door, the middle door is opened (S140).

Next, the temperature of the smoke spread horizontally through the thermocouple 270 is checked, and the smoke concentration is checked through the gas analyzer 230 ( S150 ). At this time, the gas analyzer 230 is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), At the same time as gas measurement of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate are measured and analyzed in real time, and the measurement result can be saved.

Next, the speed of descending of the smoke layer is checked through the image captured by the CCTV camera 260 in the remote control room 300 (S160).

In the case of the horizontal smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the flame propagates to the middle door of each laboratory 120, the intermediate door is opened on the condition that After the middle door is opened, the temperature and concentration of the smoke spreading horizontally can be checked.

On the other hand, Figure 12a and Figure 12b is a view for explaining the horizontal smoke diffusion test result of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 12a shows the smoke temperature of the first laboratory , Figure 12b shows the smoke temperature of the second laboratory in horizontal communication with the first laboratory, respectively.

12A and 12B, in the case of a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment of a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, a thermocouple pole installed to examine the temperature distribution inside the laboratory In two places of the first laboratory on the 2nd floor, by height, for example, 2.7m, 2.4m, 2.1m, 1.8m and 1.5m, 5 places in total of 10 places, and the second laboratory is also 10 at the same place and height By installing the points, it is possible to measure the temperature at a total of 20 points.

At this time, it can be seen that the temperature inside the laboratory divided starting with the ignition of the mobile tray 250 rises rapidly, and the temperature rises rapidly toward the upper layer. In addition, it can be seen that the smoke temperature is directly related to the formation of a clearly distinguished smoke layer and the visible distance.

[Vertical smoke diffusion test method of real fire training ground facilities for evacuation training according to smoke behavior]

13 is an operation flowchart of a vertical smoke diffusion test method of a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is an evacuation training room according to smoke behavior according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a view for explaining in detail the vertical smoke diffusion experiment of the fire training facility facility, and FIGS. 15a and 15b are a damper for the vertical smoke diffusion experiment of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a drawing showing

Referring to FIG. 13, the horizontal smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention is, first, to check the vertical smoke diffusion temperature in the vertically connected laboratory 120. A thermocouple 270 and a CCTV camera 260 for checking the rising speed of the smoke layer are installed, respectively (S210). At this time, in order to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height, the thermocouple 270 may be installed based on the respiratory limit line of 1.8 m.

Next, the dampers 122 of each of the vertically connected laboratories 120 are closed (S220).

Next, the mobile tray 250 installed at a predetermined position in the fire layer laboratory 120 is ignited, and a smoke layer is formed according to combustion of combustibles (S230).

Next, the damper 122 is opened when the smoke from the fire floor descends and fills the entire laboratory 120 on the corresponding floor (S240). At this time, the damper 122 is opened when the smoke from the fire floor falls below the respiratory limit of 1.8 m and fills the entire laboratory for each floor.

Next, the vertical smoke diffusion time to the entire floor according to the opening of the damper 122 is measured, and the smoke rising speed is checked (S250). That is, the vertical smoke diffusion time to the entire floor according to the opening of the damper 122 is measured, and the smoke rising speed is visually confirmed.

Next, the rate of rising of the smoke layer is checked through the image captured by the CCTV camera 260 (S260).

Next, the gas analyzer 230 analyzes the concentration of the harmful gas sampled from the measurement probe 210 installed for each laboratory 120 to confirm the smoke concentration for each laboratory 120 ( S270 ). Here, the gas analyzer 230 is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ), At the same time as gas measurement of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate are measured and analyzed in real time, and the measurement results are saved.

Accordingly, the horizontal smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention is a vertically connected laboratory 120 for each floor in order to quantitatively analyze the vertically spread smoke behavior. can measure the speed of smoke.

The horizontal smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 14, in order to quantitatively analyze the smoke behavior that spreads vertically, Measure the smoke speed of each of the laboratory 120 of the floor, but at the time when the smoke of the second floor laboratory 120, which is the fire floor, falls below the respiratory limit of 1.8 m and fills the entire laboratory 120, FIGS. 15A and 15B Open the damper 122 shown in Fig. At this time, the vertical smoke diffusion time to the entire floor according to the opening of the damper 122 is measured, and the smoke rising speed can be visually confirmed.

At this time, the gas concentration measured by the measurement probe 210 installed in each laboratory 120 is measured for each laboratory fire smoke gas concentration through the gas analyzer 230 . In addition, in order to more accurately observe the rate of rise of fire smoke, it is possible to check the rate of rise of the smoke layer through the CCTV screen in the remote control room 300 .

On the other hand, Figure 16 is a view for explaining the vertical smoke diffusion test results of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, showing the CCTV screen for the entire laboratory of the remote control room (300) It is a drawing.

As shown in FIG. 16, according to the results of the vertical smoke diffusion experiment of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior according to the embodiment of the present invention, after about 5 minutes have elapsed after opening the damper 122, 3 It can be seen that the breathing limit line of the floor becomes impossible to identify, and then, after about 9 minutes have elapsed, the smoke rises to the extent that the view of the CCTV screen on the second floor is all blocked. At this time, it can be seen that white smoke is generated as a combustible material, for example, wood, is completely burned, and also black smoke containing carbon due to incomplete combustion by combustion with organic materials such as plastic is included in the experiment. can

After all, according to the embodiment of the present invention, by implementing the analysis and demonstration process through theory and experiment on the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior, the smoke behavior characteristics in case of a fire in a building are analyzed, and the smoke composition Through the analysis of harmful gas, which is a factor, it is possible to link the smoke behavior and the evacuation effect in more complex fire situations.

The description of the present invention described above is for illustration, and those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can understand that it can be easily modified into other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. will be. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single type may be implemented in a dispersed form, and likewise components described as distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims rather than the above detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

100: training laboratory 200: laboratory equipment
300: remote control room
110: ground floor 120: laboratory
130: vertical airflow (exhaust port) 140: machine room
150: stair room 160: dust collection equipment
170: dry bit 180: vertical escape ladder
121: horizontal pipe 122: damper (Damper)
131: vertical pipe
210: measuring probe 220: connecting sensor hose
230 gas analyzer 240 monitoring device
250: mobile tray 260, 261-264: CCTV camera
270, 271~274: thermocouple
310: remote monitoring and control device
311: CCTV monitor 312: remote control unit
313: Gas Analyzer Measurement Monitor

Claims (18)

As a real fire training ground for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, it includes a laboratory 120, a vertical windpipe 130, a machine room 140, and a stair room 150, and is divided into a number of horizontally and vertically and communicates with a laboratory 120. training experiment building 100 in which horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments are performed;
It includes a measurement probe 210 , a connection sensor hose 220 , a gas analyzer 230 , a monitoring device 240 and a mobile tray 250 , each installed at a predetermined position in the training experiment building 100 , and the mobile tray Experimental equipment 200 for performing horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments according to the behavior of fire smoke generated by burning inflammables by 250; and
A remote control room 300 for remotely monitoring and controlling horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments in the training experiment building 100, including a remote monitoring and control device 310 installed to be spaced apart from the training experiment building 100. including,
The training experiment building 100 includes a ground floor 110 on which the gas analyzer 230 and the monitoring device 240 are installed; As a plurality of spaces divided horizontally and vertically, the measuring probe 210 and the connection sensor hose 220 are each installed so that a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment are performed according to the behavior of fire smoke generated by burning inflammables. laboratory 120 to be installed; As an exhaust port formed in a vertical direction, the connection sensor hose 220 is arranged to extend in the vertical direction, a vertical windpipe 130; a dust collection facility 160 installed on the roof to remove dust and harmful gases generated during horizontal smoke diffusion experiments and vertical smoke diffusion experiments; Dry bit 170 formed on the back surface of the smoke behavior training experiment building 100 for external insulation suppression training; and a vertical evacuation ladder 180 installed downward on the rear surface of each laboratory 120 for evacuation training;
A horizontal pipe 121 through which the connection sensor hose 220 passes horizontally is disposed on the upper part of each of the laboratories 120 of the training experiment building 100 , and the test facility 200 is located in the vertical windpipe 130 . A vertical pipe through which the connection sensor hose 220 passes vertically is arranged to extend; And for the vertical smoke diffusion experiment, a damper 122 whose opening and closing is controlled is formed in the upper part of each of the laboratories 120 of the training experiment building 100;
The gas analyzer 230 of the experimental facility 200 is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide ( SO ₂ ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) at the same time as gas measurement, pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate are measured and analyzed in real time, and the measurement result is stored; And
In the case of horizontal and vertical smoke diffusion experiments, the measured temperature (T) exceeds 60℃, the visible distance (V) is less than 5m, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration is less than 15%, and the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration is 1,400ppm Exceeding this, and the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) concentration exceeds 5%, a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, characterized in that it is considered to correspond to a hazardous condition of harmful gas. delete delete According to claim 1,
Each of the laboratories 120 of the training experiment building 100 is a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, characterized in that the front surface is formed of transparent tempered glass so that the experimental situation can be visually confirmed. delete delete According to claim 1, wherein the experimental equipment 200,
a measurement probe 210 installed in the upper part of each of the laboratories 120 to sample and collect fire smoke;
a connection sensor hose 220 having one side connected to the measurement probe 210 and transferring the sampled fire smoke to the gas analyzer 230;
a gas analyzer 230 for analyzing the fire smoke transferred through the connection sensor hose 220;
a monitoring device 240 for displaying the measurement result of the gas analyzer 230 to be monitored in the field;
The mobile tray 250 is installed in the fire floor laboratory, and generates fire smoke by burning inflammables;
CCTV cameras 260 installed in each of the fire floor laboratory and other laboratories in communication with each other to photograph the experimental situation; and
A real fire training site facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, including a thermocouple 270 installed in each of the fire floor laboratory and another laboratory in communication with the fire smoke temperature to measure the fire smoke temperature. delete 8. The method of claim 7,
The thermocouple 270 is a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, characterized in that it is installed based on the respiratory limit of 1.8 m to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height. According to claim 7, wherein the remote monitoring and control device 310 of the remote control room,
CCTV monitor 311 for monitoring the experimental process taken through the CCTV camera 260;
a remote control device 312 for remotely controlling a horizontal smoke diffusion experiment and a vertical smoke diffusion experiment in the training experiment building 100; and
A real fire training site facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, including a gas analyzer measurement monitor 313 for monitoring the measurement result of the gas analyzer 230 . In the horizontal smoke diffusion test method of real fire training ground facilities for evacuation training according to smoke behavior,
a) installing a thermocouple 270 for checking the horizontal smoke diffusion temperature of the smoke layer by height of the fire floor laboratory 120 and a CCTV camera 260 for checking the speed of descending of the smoke layer;
b) igniting the mobile tray 250 installed at a predetermined position in the fire layer laboratory 120 and forming a smoke layer according to combustion of combustibles;
c) propagating the flame to the horizontally connected middle door in the fire floor laboratory (120);
d) when the flame spreads to the intermediate door, opening the intermediate door;
e) checking the temperature of the smoke horizontally spreading through the thermocouple 270 and checking the smoke concentration through the gas analyzer 230 ; and
f) confirming the speed of descending of the smoke layer through the image captured by the CCTV camera 260,
In step a), a thermocouple 270 is installed based on the respiratory limit line of 1.8m to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height; When the flame propagates to the middle door of each laboratory 120, the temperature and concentration of the smoke spread horizontally is checked after opening the middle door on condition that the middle door is opened;
The gas analyzer 230 of step e) is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) simultaneously measure and analyze pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate in real time, and store the measurement results; And
In the horizontal smoke diffusion test, the measured temperature (T) exceeds 60 °C, the visible distance (V) is less than 5 m, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration is less than 15%, and the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration exceeds 1,400 ppm And, when the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) concentration exceeds 5%, the horizontal smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior, characterized in that it is considered to correspond to a hazardous condition of harmful gas. delete delete In the vertical smoke diffusion test method of a real fire training ground facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior,
a) installing a thermocouple 270 for checking the vertical smoke diffusion temperature and a CCTV camera 260 for checking the rising speed of the smoke layer in the vertically connected laboratory 120;
b) closing the dampers 122 of each of the vertically connected laboratories 120;
c) igniting the mobile tray 250 installed at a predetermined position in the fire layer laboratory, and forming a smoke layer according to combustion of combustibles;
d) opening the damper 122 when the smoke from the fire floor descends and fills the entire laboratory 120 on the floor;
e) measuring the vertical smoke diffusion time to the entire floor according to the opening of the damper 122 and confirming the smoke rising speed;
f) confirming the rate of rising of the smoke layer through the image captured by the CCTV camera 260; and
g) the gas analyzer 230 analyzes the concentration of the noxious gas sampled and collected from the measurement probe 210 installed for each laboratory 120 to check the smoke concentration for each laboratory 120,
Measuring the smoke speed of each of the vertically communicating floor-by-floor laboratories 120 in order to quantitatively analyze the smoke behavior that spreads vertically; And in step d), the damper 122 is opened when the smoke in the fire floor falls below the respiratory limit of 1.8m and fills the entire laboratory for each floor, and the vertical smoke to the entire floor according to the opening of the damper 122 The diffusion time is measured and the smoke rise rate is visually checked;
The gas analyzer 230 of step g) is oxygen (O ₂ ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen (NO ₂ ), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) simultaneously measure and analyze pressure, gas flow rate and gas flow rate in real time, and store the measurement results; And
In the case of vertical smoke diffusion test, the measured temperature (T) exceeds 60℃, the visible distance (V) is less than 5m, the oxygen (O ₂ ) concentration is less than 15%, and the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration exceeds 1,400ppm And, if the carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) concentration exceeds 5%, the vertical smoke diffusion test method of the real fire training facility for evacuation training according to the smoke behavior, characterized in that it is considered to correspond to a hazardous condition of harmful gas. 15. The method of claim 14,
In step a), the vertical smoke diffusion test method of a real fire training facility for evacuation training according to smoke behavior, characterized in that a thermocouple 270 is installed based on the respiratory limit of 1.8 m to check the temperature of the smoke layer by height. . delete delete delete

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