KR102356522B1 - Neutralization Concrete Block Composition - Google Patents
Neutralization Concrete Block Composition Download PDFInfo
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- KR102356522B1 KR102356522B1 KR1020210149999A KR20210149999A KR102356522B1 KR 102356522 B1 KR102356522 B1 KR 102356522B1 KR 1020210149999 A KR1020210149999 A KR 1020210149999A KR 20210149999 A KR20210149999 A KR 20210149999A KR 102356522 B1 KR102356522 B1 KR 102356522B1
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- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
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- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/10—Clay
- C04B14/106—Kaolin
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/146—Silica fume
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- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/0093—Aluminates
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- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
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- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/08—Acids or salts thereof
- C04B22/14—Acids or salts thereof containing sulfur in the anion, e.g. sulfides
- C04B22/142—Sulfates
- C04B22/143—Calcium-sulfate
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C04B24/06—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof containing hydroxy groups
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2623—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyvinylacetates
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/40—Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium or other organo-metallic compounds; Organo-clays; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B24/42—Organo-silicon compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 중성화 정도가 우수할 뿐만 아니라 압축강도가 우수한, 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a neutral concrete block composition, and more particularly, to a neutral concrete block composition having an excellent degree of neutralization and excellent compressive strength.
시멘트를 사용한 콘크리트는 강알칼리(pH 14)성으로 철근의 부식을 방지하는 효과를 나타내며, 철근콘크리트 구조체에서 강알카리 성분은 콘크리트의 강도를 보존하고 철근의 부식을 방지하여 구조물의 수명을 설계년수에 가깝게 유지하도록 한다.Concrete using cement exhibits the effect of preventing corrosion of rebar due to its strong alkali (pH 14) property. to keep
한편, 벽돌, 블록, 보차도용 인터록킹 블록, 호안블록, 도로용 경계석, 잔디블록, 보강토옹벽블록 등에 사용되는 콘크리트 2차 제품은, 시멘트를 주원료로 하여, 골재, 물(혼합수) 및 혼화재료를 혼합하여 사용하는 목적에 맞게 형상을 제작한다.On the other hand, secondary concrete products used for bricks, blocks, interlocking blocks for sidewalks, shore blocks, road boundary stones, grass blocks, and reinforced earth retaining wall blocks, etc. Mix and make a shape according to the purpose of use.
이러한 콘크리트 2차 제품은 설치 후 알칼리 성분이 유출되어 환경에 나쁜 영향을 미치지 않도록 철근콘크리트와는 다르게 중성화를 하여 제조한다.These secondary concrete products are manufactured by neutralizing them differently from reinforced concrete so that alkali components do not leak after installation and adversely affect the environment.
대한민국등록특허공보 제10-1120618호(2012.03.16.)에는 이산화탄소 가스를 이용한 콘크리트 2차 제품의 중성화 처리 방법 및 이에 의하여 개질된 콘크리트 2차 제품의 제조방법이 개시되어 있다.Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1120618 (March 16, 2012) discloses a method for neutralizing a secondary concrete product using carbon dioxide gas and a method for manufacturing a secondary concrete product modified thereby.
하지만, 상기 중성 콘크리트 2차 제품은 압축강도 등의 물성이 낮고, 중성화 정도 등이 충분하지 않아, 콘크리트 2차 제품으로 사용하는 데 한계가 있다.However, the neutral concrete secondary product has low physical properties, such as compressive strength, and the degree of neutralization is not sufficient, so there is a limit to use as a secondary concrete product.
본 출원인은 상기 문제점을 해소하기 위하여, 대한민국등록특허공보 제10-1774910호(2017.09.06.)에 중성 콘크리트 제조용 혼화제를 개시한바 있다.In order to solve the above problems, the present applicant has disclosed an admixture for producing neutral concrete in Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-1774910 (June 2017.09.06).
상기 중성 콘크리트 제조용 혼화제는 중성화 정도가 우수하여 알칼리 성분의 유출에 따른 환경 오염을 방지할 수 있는 장점이 있지만, 압축강도가 충분하지 않은 단점이 있다.The admixture for producing neutral concrete has an advantage of preventing environmental pollution due to leakage of alkali components due to excellent neutralization degree, but has a disadvantage in that compressive strength is not sufficient.
본 발명의 목적은 중성화 정도가 우수할 뿐만 아니라 압축강도가 우수한, 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물을 제공하는 것이다.An object of the present invention is to provide a neutral concrete block composition excellent in the degree of neutralization as well as excellent compressive strength.
본 발명의 다른 목적은 중성 지속 시간이 길어 알칼리 성분의 유출에 따른 환경 오염을 방지할 수 있는, 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물을 제공하는 것이다.Another object of the present invention is to provide a neutral concrete block composition, which can prevent environmental pollution due to leakage of alkali components due to a long neutral duration.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 다음과 같은 수단을 제공한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following means.
본 발명은, 시멘트 13~16중량%, 모래 20~25중량%, 석분 33~40중량%, 자갈 9~12중량%, 물 3~9중량%, 제1인산칼륨(potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) 1~5중량%, 아인산(Phosphorus acid) 0.5~5중량%, 실리카흄 2~6중량%, 고성능감수제 0.5~3중량%, 메타카올린 1~5중량%, 플라이애쉬 1~5중량% 및 초기강도향상제 0.5~3중량%를 포함하는, 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물을 제공한다.The present invention, cement 13-16% by weight, sand 20-25% by weight, stone dust 33-40% by weight, gravel 9-12% by weight, water 3-9% by weight, potassium monobasic phosphate (potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) 1- 5 wt%, Phosphorus acid 0.5-5 wt%, Silica fume 2-6 wt%, Superplasticizer 0.5-3 wt%, Metakaolin 1-5 wt%, Fly ash 1-5 wt% and Initial strength enhancer 0.5 It provides a neutral concrete block composition comprising ~ 3% by weight.
상기 초기강도향상제는 칼슘포르메이트(Calcium formate)를 사용한다.The initial strength enhancer uses calcium formate.
상기 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물 100중량부에 중성지속기간 향상제 0.1~1중량부를 추가적으로 포함하되, 상기 중성지속기간 향상제는 폴리아세트산비닐 40~50중량%, 구연산 30~40중량% 및 테트라에틸오소실리케이트(Tetraethylorthosilicate; TEOS) 15~25중량%를 포함한다.100 parts by weight of the neutral concrete block composition additionally comprising 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a neutral duration improving agent, wherein the neutral duration improving agent is 40 to 50% by weight of polyvinyl acetate, 30 to 40% by weight of citric acid, and tetraethylorthosilicate (Tetraethylorthosilicate) ; TEOS) 15 to 25% by weight.
상기 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물 100중량부에 미세먼지 저감제 0.1~1중량부를 추가적으로 포함하되, 상기 미세먼지 저감제는 황산칼슘 50~60중량%, 칼슘설포알루미네이트 20~30중량%, 탄산칼슘 10~20중량%, 아로니아발효물 1~2중량% 및 스테비아발효물 1~2중량%를 포함하며, 상기 아로니아발효물은 아로니아 45~50중량%, 프락토올리고당 45~50중량% 및 자일로스 1~6중량%를 혼합한 후 20~22℃에서 30~32일 동안 발효시켜 수득하며, 상기 스테비아발효물은 스테비아잎 100중량부에 정제수 500~550중량부를 가하고 95~105℃에서 30~40분 동안 가열한 후 여과한 스테비아잎추출액 100중량부에 블루베리발효액 5~10중량부를 가하고 20~24℃에서 24~26시간 동안 발효시킨 후 여과한 것을 사용하며, 상기 블루베리발효액은 블루베리착즙액 100중량부에 효모 1~5중량부를 가하고 20~24℃에서 48~50시간 동안 발효시킨 것을 사용한다.0.1 to 1 part by weight of a fine dust reducing agent is additionally included in 100 parts by weight of the neutral concrete block composition, wherein the fine dust reducing agent is 50 to 60% by weight of calcium sulfate, 20 to 30% by weight of calcium sulfoaluminate, 10 to 10% by weight of calcium carbonate It contains 20% by weight, 1 to 2% by weight of aronia fermentation, and 1 to 2% by weight of stevia fermentation, wherein the aronia fermented product is 45-50% by weight of aronia, 45-50% by weight of fructooligosaccharide and xyl It is obtained by mixing 1 to 6% by weight of Ross and fermenting it at 20 to 22℃ for 30 to 32 days. After heating for 40 minutes, 5-10 parts by weight of blueberry fermented solution is added to 100 parts by weight of filtered stevia leaf extract, fermented at 20-24° C. for 24-26 hours, and filtered, and the blueberry fermented solution is blueberry. 1 to 5 parts by weight of yeast is added to 100 parts by weight of the juice and fermented at 20 to 24° C. for 48 to 50 hours.
본 발명의 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물은 벽돌, 블록, 보차도용 인터록킹 블록, 호안블록, 도로용 경계석, 잔디블록, 보강토 옹벽 블록 등에 사용되는 콘크리트 2차 제품에 적용될 경우, 콘크리트 2차 제품이 친환경적으로 사용 가능하도록 중성화(pH : 7.5~8.5) 됨은 물론 콘크리트 2차 제품의 물성 또한 향상되는 장점이 있다. When the neutral concrete block composition of the present invention is applied to secondary concrete products used for bricks, blocks, interlocking blocks for sidewalks, shore blocks, road boundary stones, grass blocks, reinforced soil retaining wall blocks, etc., the secondary concrete product is environmentally friendly It has the advantage of being neutralized (pH: 7.5~8.5) as much as possible, as well as improving the physical properties of secondary concrete products.
도 1은 실시예 1에서 제조한 중성 콘크리트 블록 사진이다.1 is a photograph of the neutral concrete block prepared in Example 1.
이하, 본 발명을 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
먼저, 본 발명에 따른 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물을 설명한다.First, the neutral concrete block composition according to the present invention will be described.
본 발명의 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물은,The neutral concrete block composition of the present invention,
시멘트 13~16중량%, 모래 20~25중량%, 석분 33~40중량%, 자갈 9~12중량%, 물 3~9중량%, 제1인산칼륨(potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) 1~5중량%, 아인산(Phosphorus acid) 0.5~5중량%, 실리카흄 2~6중량%, 고성능감수제 0.5~3중량%, 메타카올린 1~5중량%, 플라이애쉬 1~5중량% 및 초기강도향상제 0.5~3중량%를 포함한다. Cement 13-16 wt%, sand 20-25 wt%, stone dust 33-40 wt%, gravel 9-12 wt%, water 3-9 wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-5 wt%, Phosphorus acid 0.5 to 5% by weight, silica fume 2 to 6% by weight, superplasticizer 0.5 to 3% by weight, metakaolin 1 to 5% by weight, fly ash 1 to 5% by weight, and initial strength enhancer 0.5 to 3% by weight includes
상기 시멘트는 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트, 고로 슬래그 시멘트 및 알루미나 시멘트로 구성된 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 이상을 사용할 수 있다.As the cement, at least one selected from the group consisting of portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, and alumina cement may be used.
상기 시멘트는 13~16중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 13중량% 미만 포함되면 강도가 떨어지는 문제가 있고, 16중량% 초과 포함되면 친환경 콘크리트 블록조성물을 제조하기 어려움 문제가 있다.The cement is preferably included in an amount of 13 to 16% by weight, and when it is included in less than 13% by weight, there is a problem in that strength is lowered, and when it is included in more than 16% by weight, there is a problem in that it is difficult to manufacture an eco-friendly concrete block composition.
상기 모래는 20~25중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 20중량% 미만 포함되면 크랙이 발생하는 문제가 있고, 30중량% 초과 포함되면 경화 시간이 너무 오래 소요되는 문제가 있다. The sand is preferably included in an amount of 20 to 25% by weight, and when it is included in less than 20% by weight, there is a problem that cracks occur, and when it is included in more than 30% by weight, there is a problem that hardening time takes too long.
상기 석분은 33~40중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 33중량% 미만 포함되면 크랙이 발생하는 문제가 있고, 40중량% 초과 포함되면 강도가 감소하는 문제가 있다. The stone powder is preferably included in an amount of 33 to 40% by weight, and when it is included in less than 33% by weight, there is a problem in that cracks occur, and when it is included in more than 40% by weight, there is a problem in that strength is reduced.
상기 자갈은 9~12중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 9중량% 미만 포함되면 강도가 감소하는 문제가 있고, 12중량% 초과 포함되면 콘크리트 내의 공극이 커져서 크랙이 발생하는 문제가 있다.The gravel is preferably included in 9 to 12% by weight, and when less than 9% by weight is included, there is a problem of a decrease in strength, and when included in more than 12% by weight, there is a problem in that the voids in the concrete become large and cracks occur.
상기 물은 3~9중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 3중량% 미만 포함되면 작업성이 저하되는 문제가 있고, 9중량% 초과 포함되면 압축강도가 감소되는 문제가 있다.The water is preferably contained in 3 to 9% by weight, and when less than 3% by weight is included, there is a problem of deterioration of workability, and when it is included in more than 9% by weight, there is a problem in that the compressive strength is reduced.
상기 제1인산칼륨(potassuim dihydrogen phosphate)은 1~5중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 1중량% 미만 포함되면 중성화 정도가 충분치 못한 문제가 있고, 5중량% 초과 포함되면 압축강도가 약해지는 문제가 있다. The monobasic potassium phosphate (potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) is preferably included in 1 to 5% by weight, when it is included in less than 1% by weight, there is a problem that the degree of neutralization is not sufficient, and when it is included in more than 5% by weight, there is a problem that the compressive strength is weakened have.
상기 아인산(Phosphorus acid)은 0.5~5중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 0.5중량% 미만 포함되면 중성화 정도가 충분치 못한 문제가 있고, 5중량% 초과 포함되면 압축강도가 약해지는 문제가 있다.The phosphorous acid (Phosphorus acid) is preferably included in 0.5 to 5% by weight, there is a problem that the degree of neutralization is not sufficient when it is included in less than 0.5% by weight, and when it is included in more than 5% by weight, there is a problem in that the compressive strength is weakened.
본 발명은 시멘트의 강알칼리성을 나타내는 수산화칼슘을 제1인산칼륨과 반응시켜서 pH 9.2로 1차 중화시키고, 아인산과 반응시켜서 pH 7.5~8.5로 2차 중화시키는 것에 특징이 있다.The present invention is characterized in that calcium hydroxide, which exhibits the strong alkalinity of cement, is reacted with potassium monophosphate to first neutralize to pH 9.2, and is reacted with phosphorous acid to secondary neutralize to pH 7.5 to 8.5.
상기 실리카흄은 포졸란 반응을 시작하고 콘크리트 내에 공극을 채우는 역할을 하여 강도증진과 함께 콘크리트의 물리적 성질을 개선시킨다.The silica fume starts the pozzolan reaction and serves to fill the voids in the concrete, thereby improving the physical properties of concrete as well as enhancing strength.
상기 실리카흄은 2~6중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 2중량% 미만 포함되면 압축강도가 약해지는 문제가 있고, 6중량% 초과 포함되면 콘크리트 조성물에 상분리 현상이 발생되는 문제가 있다.The silica fume is preferably included in an amount of 2 to 6% by weight, and when it is included in less than 2% by weight, there is a problem in that the compressive strength is weakened, and when it is included in more than 6% by weight, there is a problem that a phase separation phenomenon occurs in the concrete composition.
상기 고성능감수제는 0.5~3중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 0.5중량% 미만 포함되면 압축강도가 약해지는 문제가 있고, 3중량% 초과 포함되면 작업성이 저하되는 문제가 있다.The high-performance water reducing agent is preferably included in an amount of 0.5 to 3% by weight, and when it is included in less than 0.5% by weight, there is a problem in that the compressive strength is weakened, and when it is included in more than 3% by weight, there is a problem in that workability is reduced.
상기 고성능감수제는 폴리카르본산계를 사용할 수 있다.The high-performance water-reducing agent may be a polycarboxylic acid type.
상기 메타카올린은 단기적으로 에트린자이트(ettringite)의 생성과 시멘트 중의 C3S의 활성화로 시멘트의 초기강도를 증가시키며, 중장기적으로 시멘트의 수산화칼슘과의 포졸란 반응으로 시멘트의 압축강도 및 내구성을 향상시키는 역할을 한다.The metakaolin increases the initial strength of cement by the generation of ettringite and the activation of C3S in cement in the short term, and in the medium to long term, it improves the compressive strength and durability of cement through a pozzolan reaction with calcium hydroxide. plays a role
상기 메타카올린은 1~5중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 1중량% 미만 포함되면 내구성이 떨어지는 문제가 있고, 5중량% 초과 포함되면 콘크리트 조성물에 상분리 현상이 발생되는 문제가 있다. The metakaolin is preferably included in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, and when it is included in less than 1% by weight, there is a problem of poor durability, and when it is included in more than 5% by weight, there is a problem that a phase separation phenomenon occurs in the concrete composition.
상기 플라이애쉬는 포졸란 반응에 의해서 수밀성과 장기 강도를 증진시키는 역할을 수행한다.The fly ash serves to enhance water tightness and long-term strength by the pozzolan reaction.
상기 플라이애쉬는 1~5중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 1중량% 미만 포함되면 장기 강도가 떨어지는 문제가 있고, 5중량% 초과 포함되면 콘크리트 조성물에 상분리 현상이 발생되는 문제가 있다.The fly ash is preferably included in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, and when it is included in less than 1% by weight, there is a problem in that long-term strength is lowered, and when it is included in more than 5% by weight, there is a problem that a phase separation phenomenon occurs in the concrete composition.
상기 플라이애쉬는 평균 입경은 20~30㎛인 것을 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.It is preferable to use the fly ash having an average particle diameter of 20 to 30 μm.
상기 초기강도향상제는 0.5~3중량% 포함되는 것이 바람직하며, 0.5중량% 미만 포함되면 초기강도향상 효과가 미미해지는 문제가 있고, 3중량% 초과 포함되면 콘크리트 조성물에 상분리 현상이 발생되는 문제가 있다.The initial strength improving agent is preferably included in 0.5 to 3% by weight, when it is included in less than 0.5% by weight, there is a problem that the effect of improving the initial strength is insignificant, and when it is included in more than 3% by weight, there is a problem that phase separation occurs in the concrete composition. .
상기 초기강도향상제는 칼슘포르메이트(Calcium formate)를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.The initial strength improving agent is preferably calcium formate (Calcium formate).
본 발명의 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물은 벽돌, 블록, 보차도용 인터록킹 블록, 호안블록, 도로용 경계석, 잔디블록, 보강토 옹벽 블록 등에 사용되는 콘크리트 2차 제품에 적용될 경우, 콘크리트 2차 제품이 친환경적으로 사용 가능하도록 중성화(pH : 7.5~8.5) 됨은 물론 콘크리트 2차 제품의 물성 또한 향상되는 장점이 있다. When the neutral concrete block composition of the present invention is applied to secondary concrete products used for bricks, blocks, interlocking blocks for sidewalks, shore blocks, road boundary stones, grass blocks, reinforced soil retaining wall blocks, etc., the secondary concrete product is environmentally friendly It has the advantage of being neutralized (pH: 7.5~8.5) as much as possible, as well as improving the physical properties of secondary concrete products.
본 발명의 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물의 비빔방법은 고강도 콘크리트 제조에 유리한 1,250ℓ 강재용 팬 타입 믹서를 사용하는 것이 바람직하다.It is preferable to use a 1,250ℓ pan-type mixer for steel, which is advantageous for the production of high-strength concrete, for the method of bibimating the neutral concrete block composition of the present invention.
비빔시간의 단축 및 경제성을 확보하기 위해 예비시험을 거친 다음 투입방법을 채택하여 처음에 30초 동안 충분한 건비빔을 한 후 혼합수를 첨가하여 60초 동안 비빈 다음 목표슬럼프를 확보하기 위한 적당량의 고성능감수제를 첨가하여 2분30초 동안 비빔으로서 총 소요 시간은 4분이 필요하다.In order to shorten the mixing time and secure economic feasibility, a preliminary test was carried out, and then the input method was adopted. After sufficient dry mixing for 30 seconds, mixed water was added and kneaded for 60 seconds. Then, an appropriate amount of high performance to secure a target slump Bibimbap for 2 minutes and 30 seconds with the addition of a water reducing agent, the total required time is 4 minutes.
콘크리트 블록 성형방법은 진동장치에 의해 진동 가압을 하되 초기 가압은 65MPa, 후기 가압은 85MPa 로 하여 성형한다.In the concrete block molding method, vibration pressure is applied by a vibrating device, but the initial pressure is 65 MPa and the latter pressure is 85 MPa.
상기 성형된 콘크리트 블록은 60℃, 85% 습도 조건에서 24시간 양생하는 것이 바람직하다.The molded concrete block is preferably cured for 24 hours at 60° C. and 85% humidity.
본 발명의 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물은,The neutral concrete block composition of the present invention,
상기 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물 100중량부에 중성지속기간 향상제 0.1~1중량부를 추가적으로 포함할 수 있다. 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a neutral duration improving agent may be additionally included in 100 parts by weight of the neutral concrete block composition.
상기 중성지속기간 향상제는 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물의 중성 지속 기간을 향상시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. The neutral duration improving agent has the advantage of improving the neutral duration of the neutral concrete block composition.
상기 중성지속기간 향상제는 폴리아세트산비닐 40~50중량%, 구연산 30~40중량% 및 테트라에틸오소실리케이트(Tetraethylorthosilicate; TEOS) 15~25중량%를 포함한다.The neutral duration improving agent includes 40 to 50% by weight of polyvinyl acetate, 30 to 40% by weight of citric acid, and 15 to 25% by weight of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS).
본 발명의 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물은,The neutral concrete block composition of the present invention,
상기 중성 콘크리트 블록조성물 100중량부에 미세먼지 저감제 0.1~1중량부를 추가적으로 포함할 수 있다. 0.1 to 1 part by weight of a fine dust reducing agent may be additionally included in 100 parts by weight of the neutral concrete block composition.
상기 미세먼지 저감제는 황산칼슘 50~60중량%, 칼슘설포알루미네이트 20~30중량%, 탄산칼슘 10~20중량%, 아로니아발효물 1~2중량% 및 스테비아발효물 1~2중량%를 포함한다.The fine dust reducing agent is 50-60 wt% of calcium sulfate, 20-30 wt% of calcium sulfoaluminate, 10-20 wt% of calcium carbonate, 1-2 wt% of aronia fermented product, and 1-2 wt% of stevia fermented product includes
상기 미세먼저 저감제는 콘크리트 블록 시공 중에 미세먼지 발생을 감소시키는 장점이 있다. The fine first reducing agent has the advantage of reducing the generation of fine dust during concrete block construction.
상기 아로니아발효물은 아로니아 45~50중량%, 프락토올리고당 45~50중량% 및 자일로스 1~6중량%를 혼합한 후 20~22℃에서 30~32일 동안 발효시켜 수득한다.The fermented aronia is obtained by mixing 45-50% by weight of aronia, 45-50% by weight of fructooligosaccharide, and 1-6% by weight of xylose, followed by fermentation at 20-22° C. for 30-32 days.
상기 스테비아발효물은 스테비아잎 100중량부에 정제수 500~550중량부를 가하고 95~105℃에서 30~40분 동안 가열한 후 여과한 스테비아잎추출액 100중량부에 블루베리발효액 5~10중량부를 가하고 20~24℃에서 24~26시간 동안 발효시킨 후 여과한 것을 사용한다. The fermented stevia is added to 100 parts by weight of stevia leaves and 500 to 550 parts by weight of purified water, heated at 95 to 105° C. for 30 to 40 minutes, and then added 5 to 10 parts by weight of blueberry fermented solution to 100 parts by weight of filtered stevia leaf extract 20 Fermented at ~24℃ for 24~26 hours and then filtered.
상기 블루베리발효액은 블루베리착즙액 100중량부에 효모 1~5중량부를 가하고 20~24℃에서 48~50시간 동안 발효시킨 것을 사용한다. The blueberry fermented liquid is used in which 1 to 5 parts by weight of yeast is added to 100 parts by weight of the blueberry juice and fermented at 20 to 24° C. for 48 to 50 hours.
이하, 실시 예를 통하여 본 발명의 구성 및 효과를 더욱 상세히 설명하고자 한다. 이들 실시 예는 오로지 본 발명을 예시하기 위한 것일 뿐 본 발명의 범위가 이들 실시 예에 의해 제한되는 것은 아니다. Hereinafter, the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.
시멘트 217.5㎏, 모래 315㎏, 석분 540㎏, 자갈 147㎏, 물 136.8㎏, 제1인산칼륨(potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) 37.5㎏, 아인산(Phosphorus acid) 22.5㎏, 실리카흄 60㎏, 고성능감수제 15㎏, 메타카올린 30㎏, 플라이애쉬 30㎏ 및 초기강도향상제 15㎏를 교반한 후에, 60℃, 85% 습도 조건에서 24시간 동안 양생하여, 중성 콘크리트 블록을 제조하였으며, 상기 중성 콘크리트 블록 사진을 도 1에 나타내었다. 상기 초기강도향상제는 칼슘포르메이트(Calcium formate)를 사용하였다.Cement 217.5kg, sand 315kg, stone dust 540kg, gravel 147kg, water 136.8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 37.5kg, phosphorus acid 22.5kg, silica fume 60kg, superplasticizer 15kg, meta After stirring 30 kg of kaolin, 30 kg of fly ash, and 15 kg of the initial strength enhancer, it was cured at 60° C. and 85% humidity for 24 hours to prepare a neutral concrete block, and a photograph of the neutral concrete block is shown in FIG. it was Calcium formate was used as the initial strength enhancer.
시멘트 217.5㎏, 모래 315㎏, 석분 540㎏, 자갈 147㎏, 물 128.2㎏, 제1인산칼륨(potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) 37.5㎏, 아인산(Phosphorus acid) 22.5㎏, 실리카흄 60㎏, 고성능감수제 15㎏, 메타카올린 30㎏, 플라이애쉬 30㎏ 및 초기강도향상제 15㎏를 교반한 후에, 60℃, 85% 습도 조건에서 24시간 동안 양생하여, 중성 콘크리트 블록을 제조하였다. 상기 초기강도향상제는 칼슘포르메이트(Calcium formate)를 사용하였다.Cement 217.5kg, sand 315kg, stone dust 540kg, gravel 147kg, water 128.2kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 37.5kg, phosphorus acid 22.5kg, silica fume 60kg, superplasticizer 15kg, meta After stirring 30 kg of kaolin, 30 kg of fly ash, and 15 kg of an initial strength enhancer, it was cured at 60° C. and 85% humidity for 24 hours to prepare a neutral concrete block. Calcium formate was used as the initial strength enhancer.
시멘트 217.5㎏, 모래 315㎏, 석분 540㎏, 자갈 147㎏, 물 119.7㎏, 제1인산칼륨(potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) 37.5㎏, 아인산(Phosphorus acid) 22.5㎏, 실리카흄 60㎏, 고성능감수제 15㎏, 메타카올린 30㎏, 플라이애쉬 30㎏ 및 초기강도향상제 15㎏를 교반한 후에, 60℃, 85% 습도 조건에서 24시간 동안 양생하여, 중성 콘크리트 블록을 제조하였다. 상기 초기강도향상제는 칼슘포르메이트(Calcium formate)를 사용하였다.Cement 217.5kg, sand 315kg, stone dust 540kg, gravel 147kg, water 119.7kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 37.5kg, phosphorus acid 22.5kg, silica fume 60kg, superplasticizer 15kg, meta After stirring 30 kg of kaolin, 30 kg of fly ash, and 15 kg of an initial strength enhancer, it was cured at 60° C. and 85% humidity for 24 hours to prepare a neutral concrete block. Calcium formate was used as the initial strength enhancer.
시멘트 217.5㎏, 모래 315㎏, 석분 540㎏, 자갈 147㎏, 물 111.1㎏, 제1인산칼륨(potassuim dihydrogen phosphate) 37.5㎏, 아인산(Phosphorus acid) 22.5㎏, 실리카흄 60㎏, 고성능감수제 15㎏, 메타카올린 30㎏, 플라이애쉬 30㎏ 및 초기강도향상제 15㎏를 교반한 후에, 60℃, 85% 습도 조건에서 24시간 동안 양생하여, 중성 콘크리트 블록을 제조하였다. 상기 초기강도향상제는 칼슘포르메이트(Calcium formate)를 사용하였다.Cement 217.5kg, sand 315kg, stone dust 540kg, gravel 147kg, water 111.1kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 37.5kg, phosphorus acid 22.5kg, silica fume 60kg, superplasticizer 15kg, meta After stirring 30 kg of kaolin, 30 kg of fly ash, and 15 kg of an initial strength enhancer, it was cured at 60° C. and 85% humidity for 24 hours to prepare a neutral concrete block. Calcium formate was used as the initial strength enhancer.
[비교예 1][Comparative Example 1]
일인산칼륨 64중량%, 실리콘소포제 6중량%, 실리카흄 7중량%, 메타카올린 7중량%, 에틸렌초산비닐 7중량%, 폴리비닐알콜 6중량%, 폴리올 1중량%, 캐스터오일 1중량% 및 실란계 충전제 1중량%를 혼합하여 중성 콘크리트 제조용 혼화제를 제조하였다.Potassium monophosphate 64% by weight, silicone defoamer 6% by weight, silica fume 7% by weight, metakaolin 7% by weight, ethylene vinyl acetate 7% by weight, polyvinyl alcohol 6% by weight, polyol 1% by weight, castor oil 1% by weight and silane An admixture for producing neutral concrete was prepared by mixing 1% by weight of the filler.
시멘트 14.66중량%, 모래 24.43중량%, 석분 48.48중량%, 자갈 8.15중량%, 물 3.26중량% 및 상기 중성 콘크리트 제조용 혼화제 1.02중량%를 혼합하고 3일간 양생하여 중성 콘크리트 블록을 제조하였다. 상기 양생은 23℃의 온도, 상대습도 65%의 조건에서 수행하였다.Cement 14.66% by weight, sand 24.43% by weight, stone powder 48.48% by weight, gravel 8.15% by weight, water 3.26% by weight, and the neutral concrete admixture 1.02% by weight were mixed and cured for 3 days to prepare a neutral concrete block. The curing was performed at a temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 65%.
[비교예 2][Comparative Example 2]
시멘트 14.66중량%, 모래 24.43중량%, 석분 48.48중량%, 자갈 8.15중량%, 물 3.26중량% 및 리그린계 혼화제 1.02중량%를 혼합하고 3일간 양생하였다. 이때, 상기 양생은 23℃의 온도, 상대습도 65%의 조건으로 이루어진다. 이후, 40℃의 온도, 상대습도 65%, CO2 농도 5%의 환경 하에서 24시간 동안 양생하여 중성 콘크리트 블록을 제조하였다.14.66% by weight of cement, 24.43% by weight of sand, 48.48% by weight of stone powder, 8.15% by weight of gravel, 3.26% by weight of water and 1.02% by weight of a lignin-based admixture were mixed and cured for 3 days. At this time, the curing is made under the conditions of a temperature of 23 ℃ and a relative humidity of 65%. Thereafter, the neutral concrete block was prepared by curing for 24 hours under an environment of 40° C. temperature, 65% relative humidity, and 5% CO 2 concentration.
[실험예 1][Experimental Example 1]
실시예 1 내지 4 및 비교예 1, 2의 중성 콘크리트 블록의 압축강도 및 중성화 정도를 측정하여 표 1에 나타내었다. The compressive strength and neutralization degree of the neutral concrete blocks of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were measured and shown in Table 1.
압축강도는 KS F 2405(콘크리트의 압축강도 시험)에 의해 φ10×20㎝의 실린더형 강재 몰드를 200Ton 용량의 만능재료시험기를 사용하여 1초당 2~3kgf/㎠ 의 재하속도로 최대하중을 측정한 후 압축강도를 산출하였다.Compressive strength is measured by KS F 2405 (compressive strength test of concrete) using a cylindrical steel mold of φ10×20㎝ using a universal material testing machine with a capacity of 200Ton to measure the maximum load at a loading rate of 2-3kgf/㎠ per second. After that, the compressive strength was calculated.
pH 농도 측정은 pH meter를 이용하여 양생된 콘크리트 일부를 떼어내어 분쇄한 후 물에 담구어 30분 후 pH 센서를 물에 넣고 pH를 측정하였다.To measure the pH, a part of the cured concrete was removed and pulverized using a pH meter, then immersed in water for 30 minutes, and then the pH sensor was placed in water to measure the pH.
표 1에 의하면, 실시예 1 내지 실시예 4는 모두 중성화가 완성되었고, 실리카흄과 플라이애쉬가 시멘트의 CaO 와의 포졸란 반응에 의해 C-S-H 구조를 형성하여 콘크리트 강도를 높여주는 역할을 하여, 비교예 1, 2에 비교해 보면 압축강도에서 크게 높은 결과를 보여 주고 있다.According to Table 1, in Examples 1 to 4, neutralization was completed, and silica fume and fly ash formed a CSH structure by a pozzolan reaction with CaO of cement to increase concrete strength, Comparative Example 1, 2 shows a significantly higher result in compressive strength.
실시예 1 내지 4를 비교해 보면, 동일한 양의 실리카흄과 플라이애쉬가 C-S-H 구조를 형성해도 물 결합재비(W/B)가 높으면 압축강도가 떨어지는 것을 보여준다. 이것은 콘크리트 강도에 물 결합재비(W/B)가 크게 작용한다는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 즉, 물의 양이 많으면 다짐효과가 떨어져 강도가 덜어지는 결과를 나타낸다.Comparing Examples 1 to 4, it shows that even if the same amount of silica fume and fly ash form a C-S-H structure, the compressive strength decreases when the water binder ratio (W/B) is high. This shows that the water binder ratio (W/B) has a large effect on the strength of concrete. That is, if the amount of water is large, the compaction effect is lowered, resulting in reduced strength.
pH농도와 압축강도의 관계를 살펴보면, pH 농도가 높을 수록 압축강도는 높아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉 pH 농도가 높은 실시예 4는 제1인산칼륨과 아신산의 첨가량이 적어 시멘트의 Ca(OH)2의 중성화 정도가 낮아서 pH가 약알칼리성으로 높은 것임을 알 수 있다. 결국 실리카흄과 플라이애쉬가 콘크리트 강도에 양향을 적게 줌으로서 강도를 떨어뜨리지 떨어뜨리지 않음을 알 수 있다.Looking at the relationship between pH concentration and compressive strength, it can be seen that the higher the pH concentration, the higher the compressive strength. That is, in Example 4 with a high pH concentration, the addition amount of potassium monobasic and acetic acid was small, so that the degree of neutralization of Ca(OH) 2 in the cement was low, so that the pH was slightly alkaline and high. In the end, it can be seen that silica fume and fly ash do not decrease the strength of concrete by giving a small effect on the strength of concrete.
비교예 1은 혼화제 첨가량이 너무 적어 C-S-H 구조의 포졸란 구조를 형성하기에는 부족하여 콘크리트 강도가 약하며, pH 농도 또한 Ca(OH)2의 중성화가 잘 이루어지지 않음을 알 수 있다.In Comparative Example 1, the amount of the admixture added was too small to form a CSH-structured pozzolan structure, so that the concrete strength was weak, and the pH concentration and Ca(OH) 2 Neutralization were not performed well.
비교예 2의 경우, 이산화탄소에 의해 중성화는 약알리성으로 되고 있으나, C-S-H 포졸란 구조를 형성할 수 없는 배합으로 중성화에 따른 강도가 저하되는 것을 막을 수 없음을 알 수 있다.In the case of Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that, although neutralization by carbon dioxide is weakly aliphatic, a decrease in strength due to neutralization cannot be prevented by a formulation that cannot form a C-S-H pozzolan structure.
실시예 1의 중성 콘크리트 블록 100중량부에 중성지속기간 향상제 1중량부를 추가하였다.1 part by weight of the neutral duration improving agent was added to 100 parts by weight of the neutral concrete block of Example 1.
상기 중성지속기간 향상제는 폴리아세트산비닐 50중량%, 구연산 30중량% 및 테트라에틸오소실리케이트(Tetraethylorthosilicate; TEOS) 20중량%를 혼합하여 제조하였다.The neutral duration improving agent was prepared by mixing 50% by weight of polyvinyl acetate, 30% by weight of citric acid, and 20% by weight of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS).
[실험예 2][Experimental Example 2]
실시예 2 및 비교예 1의 중성 콘크리트 블록에 대하여 제조 후 30일 경과 후의 중성화 정도를 측정하여 표 2에 나타내었다. For the neutral concrete blocks of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, the degree of neutralization after 30 days of manufacture was measured and shown in Table 2.
표 2에 의하면, 실시예 2의 중성 콘크리트 블록은 30일 경과 후에도 중성화 정도가 유지되는 데 비하여, 비교에 1의 중성 콘크리트 블록은 30일 경과 후에 중성화 정도가 약화되는 것을 확인할 수 있다.According to Table 2, it can be seen that the neutralization degree of the neutral concrete block of Example 2 was maintained even after 30 days, whereas the neutralization degree of the neutral concrete block of Comparative Example 1 was weakened after 30 days.
실시예 1의 중성 콘크리트 블록 100중량부에 미세먼지 저감제 1중량부를 추가하였다. 1 part by weight of a fine dust reducing agent was added to 100 parts by weight of the neutral concrete block of Example 1.
상기 미세먼지 저감제는 황산칼슘 50중량%, 칼슘설포알루미네이트 30중량%, 탄산칼슘 18중량%, 아로니아발효물 1중량% 및 스테비아발효물 1중량%를 혼합하여 제조하였다. 상기 아로니아발효물은 아로니아 50중량%, 프락토올리고당 45중량% 및 자일로스 5중량%를 혼합한 후 22℃에서 30일 동안 발효시킨 후 여과하여 제조하였다. 상기 스테비아발효물은 스테비아잎 100중량부에 정제수 500중량부를 가하고 105℃에서 30분 동안 가열한 후 여과한 스테비아잎추출액 100중량부에 블루베리발효액 10중량부를 가하고 24℃에서 24시간 동안 발효시킨 후 여과하여 제조하였다. 상기 블루베리발효액은 블루베리착즙액 100중량부에 효모 5중량부를 가하고 24℃에서 48시간 동안 발효시켜 제조하였다. The fine dust reducing agent was prepared by mixing 50% by weight of calcium sulfate, 30% by weight of calcium sulfoaluminate, 18% by weight of calcium carbonate, 1% by weight of aronia fermentation, and 1% by weight of stevia fermentation. The fermented aronia was prepared by mixing 50% by weight of aronia, 45% by weight of fructooligosaccharide, and 5% by weight of xylose, fermenting it at 22° C. for 30 days, and then filtering. The fermented stevia was added 500 parts by weight of purified water to 100 parts by weight of stevia leaves, heated at 105° C. for 30 minutes, and then added 10 parts by weight of blueberry fermented solution to 100 parts by weight of filtered stevia leaf extract, and fermented at 24° C. for 24 hours. It was prepared by filtration. The blueberry fermented solution was prepared by adding 5 parts by weight of yeast to 100 parts by weight of blueberry juice and fermenting at 24° C. for 48 hours.
[실험예 3][Experimental Example 3]
실시예 3 및 비교예 1에서 제조한 중성 콘크리트 블록 시공시 미세먼지의 비산량을 측정하였다. 블록 시공 주변 1m 위치에서 5분 동안 감압여과를 수행하여 대기 중에 비산되는 고형분의 함량을 측정하여 비산량을 측정하여 표 3에 나타내었다.The amount of scattering of fine dust during the construction of the neutral concrete blocks prepared in Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 was measured. The amount of scattering was measured and shown in Table 3 by measuring the content of solids scattered in the air by performing reduced pressure filtration for 5 minutes at a location 1 m around the block construction.
표 3에 나타난 바와 같이, 실시예 3에서 제조한 콘크리트 블록은 비교예 1의 콘크리트 블록에 비하여 블록 시공시 미세먼지 비산량이 급격히 저감되는 것을 확인할 수 있다.As shown in Table 3, it can be confirmed that the amount of fine dust scattering during block construction is sharply reduced for the concrete block prepared in Example 3 compared to the concrete block of Comparative Example 1.
Claims (4)
상기 중성지속기간 향상제는 폴리아세트산비닐 40~50중량%, 구연산 30~40중량% 및 테트라에틸오소실리케이트(Tetraethylorthosilicate; TEOS) 15~25중량%를 포함하는,
중성 콘크리트 블록조성물.
Cement 13-16 wt%, sand 20-25 wt%, stone dust 33-40 wt%, gravel 9-12 wt%, water 3-9 wt%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-5 wt%, Phosphorus acid 0.5 to 5% by weight, silica fume 2 to 6% by weight, superplasticizer 0.5 to 3% by weight, metakaolin 1 to 5% by weight, fly ash 1 to 5% by weight, and initial strength enhancer 0.5 to 3% by weight In 100 parts by weight of a mixture containing
The neutral duration improving agent comprises 40 to 50% by weight of polyvinyl acetate, 30 to 40% by weight of citric acid, and 15 to 25% by weight of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS),
Neutral concrete block composition.
상기 초기강도향상제는 칼슘포르메이트(Calcium formate)를 사용하는,
중성 콘크리트 블록조성물.
The method of claim 1,
The initial strength enhancer is using calcium formate (Calcium formate),
Neutral concrete block composition.
상기 혼합물 100중량부에 미세먼지 저감제 0.1~1중량부를 추가적으로 포함하되,
상기 미세먼지 저감제는 황산칼슘 50~60중량%, 칼슘설포알루미네이트 20~30중량%, 탄산칼슘 10~20중량%, 아로니아발효물 1~2중량% 및 스테비아발효물 1~2중량%를 포함하며,
상기 아로니아발효물은 아로니아 45~50중량%, 프락토올리고당 45~50중량% 및 자일로스 1~6중량%를 혼합한 후 20~22℃에서 30~32일 동안 발효시켜 수득하며,
상기 스테비아발효물은 스테비아잎 100중량부에 정제수 500~550중량부를 가하고 95~105℃에서 30~40분 동안 가열한 후 여과한 스테비아잎추출액 100중량부에 블루베리발효액 5~10중량부를 가하고 20~24℃에서 24~26시간 동안 발효시킨 후 여과한 것을 사용하며,
상기 블루베리발효액은 블루베리착즙액 100중량부에 효모 1~5중량부를 가하고 20~24℃에서 48~50시간 동안 발효시킨 것을 사용하는,
중성 콘크리트 블록조성물.The method of claim 1,
0.1 to 1 part by weight of a fine dust reducing agent is additionally included in 100 parts by weight of the mixture,
The fine dust reducing agent is 50 to 60% by weight of calcium sulfate, 20 to 30% by weight of calcium sulfoaluminate, 10 to 20% by weight of calcium carbonate, 1 to 2% by weight of aronia fermented product, and 1 to 2% by weight of stevia fermented product includes,
The fermented aronia is obtained by mixing 45-50% by weight of aronia, 45-50% by weight of fructooligosaccharide, and 1-6% by weight of xylose, followed by fermentation at 20-22℃ for 30-32 days,
The fermented stevia is added to 100 parts by weight of stevia leaves and 500 to 550 parts by weight of purified water, heated at 95 to 105° C. for 30 to 40 minutes, and then added 5 to 10 parts by weight of blueberry fermented solution to 100 parts by weight of filtered stevia leaf extract 20 Fermented at ~24℃ for 24~26 hours and filtered,
The blueberry fermented liquid is used by adding 1 to 5 parts by weight of yeast to 100 parts by weight of the blueberry juice and fermenting it at 20 to 24° C. for 48 to 50 hours,
Neutral concrete block composition.
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| KR102585351B1 (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-10-06 | 주식회사 앨앤애프코리아 | PPerformance improver for concrete structure and construction method using it |
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| KR20190072938A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-26 | 한국건설기술연구원 | Durable Cement Concrete Composition For Sewer Pipe, Ceramic Coating Composition, And Method For Manufacturing Jacking Pipe Using The Same |
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