KR102351014B1 - LNG Offloading System And Method For FLNG - Google Patents

LNG Offloading System And Method For FLNG Download PDF

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KR102351014B1
KR102351014B1 KR1020150060377A KR20150060377A KR102351014B1 KR 102351014 B1 KR102351014 B1 KR 102351014B1 KR 1020150060377 A KR1020150060377 A KR 1020150060377A KR 20150060377 A KR20150060377 A KR 20150060377A KR 102351014 B1 KR102351014 B1 KR 102351014B1
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lng
gas
boil
flng
engine
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KR20160128662A (en
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김성수
배재류
추교식
김재휘
이성재
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대우조선해양 주식회사
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

본 발명은 FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템 및 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 구체적으로는 FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 FLNG에 마련된 증발가스 압축기로 이송하여 압축된 증발가스를 엔진의 연료로 사용하기 위한 FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템 및 방법에 관한 것이다.
본 발명에 따른 FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 LNG를 하역하는 시스템은, 상기 FLNG의 저장탱크에 저장된 LNG를 상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송하는 하역 라인; 상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 FLNG에 마련되는 증발가스 압축기로 이송하는 제 1 증발가스 이송라인; 상기 증발가스 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 엔진에 연료로 공급하는 연료 공급라인;을 포함한다. The present invention relates to an LNG unloading system and method for FLNG, and more specifically, BOG generated from LNG transferred from FLNG to an LNG carrier is transferred to a BOG compressor provided in the FLNG, and the compressed BOG is used as fuel for the engine. It relates to an LNG offloading system and method of FLNG for use.
A system for unloading LNG from a FLNG to an LNG carrier according to the present invention comprises: an unloading line for transporting LNG stored in a storage tank of the FLNG to the LNG carrier; a first boil-off gas transfer line for transferring boil-off gas generated from the LNG transferred to the LNG carrier to a boil-off gas compressor provided in the FLNG; and a fuel supply line for supplying the boil-off gas compressed by the boil-off gas compressor to the engine as fuel.

Description

FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템 및 방법{LNG Offloading System And Method For FLNG}LNG Offloading System And Method For FLNG

본 발명은 FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템 및 방법에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 구체적으로는 FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 FLNG에 마련된 증발가스 압축기로 이송하여 압축된 증발가스를 엔진의 연료로 사용하기 위한 FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템 및 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to an LNG unloading system and method for FLNG, and more particularly, BOG generated from LNG transported from the FLNG to an LNG carrier is transferred to a BOG compressor provided in the FLNG, and the compressed BOG is used as fuel for the engine. It relates to an LNG offloading system and method of FLNG for use.

일반적으로, 액화천연가스(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)는 메탄(Methane)을 주성분으로 한 천연가스를 대기압에서 -162℃의 극저온 상태로 냉각시켜 그 부피를 600분의 1로 줄인 무색 투명한 초저온 액체로서, 기체상태보다 수송 효율이 좋아서 장거리 수송에 경제성이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다.In general, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a colorless and transparent cryogenic liquid whose volume is reduced to 1/600 by cooling natural gas containing methane as a main component from atmospheric pressure to a cryogenic temperature of -162°C. , it is known to be economical for long-distance transport because it has better transport efficiency than gaseous state.

이와 같은 액화천연가스는 생산 플랜트의 건설 및 운반선의 건조 비용이 많이 소요되어 경제성을 만족시키기 위해서 대규모, 장거리 수송에 적용되어 왔으며, 이에 반하여, 소규모, 단거리 수송에는 파이프라인이나 CNG(Compressed Natural Gas)가 경제성이 있다고 알려져 있다.Such liquefied natural gas has been applied to large-scale and long-distance transportation in order to satisfy economic feasibility due to the high cost of construction of a production plant and construction of a carrier. is known to be economical.

하지만 파이프라인을 이용한 수송의 경우 지리적 제약이 따르며, 환경 파괴의 문제 등을 야기할 수 있고, CNG는 수송 효율이 낮은 단점이 있어, 상압(1bar)인 극저온의 LNG를 적재할 수 있는 저장 용기를 마련한 LNG carrier와 같은 선박으로 수송하는 경우가 많다.However, in the case of transport using pipelines, geographical restrictions follow, and it can cause problems such as environmental destruction, and CNG has the disadvantage of low transport efficiency. It is often transported on the same vessel as the prepared LNG carrier.

그런데 액화천연가스는 극저온 상태를 유지할 수 있는 저장 용기를 갖추더라도 LNG는 저장 용기 내부에서 지속적으로 자연 기화되기 때문에 상당한 양의 BOG(증발가스)가 발생한다. 저장 용기 내에 BOG가 과다하게 되면 이로 인해 용기 내 압력이 상승하면서 용기가 내부 압력을 견딜 수 없어 폭발할 위험이 있으므로, BOG는 배출시켜 액화한 후 다시 저장하거나, 연소시켜 제거하는 방식으로 처리하게 된다. 선박으로 운송할 경우 단열 구조를 갖추더라도, 저장 탱크 내에서 발생하는 증발가스(BOG)의 양은 약 0.05 vol%/day에 이르며, 종래 액화천연가스 운반선의 운항시 시간당 4 내지 6 톤(t), 한번 운항시 약 300톤의 액화천연가스가 증발가스화되는 것으로 알려진다.However, even if liquefied natural gas has a storage container that can maintain a cryogenic state, a significant amount of BOG (evaporated gas) is generated because LNG continues to naturally vaporize inside the storage container. If there is too much BOG in the storage container, the pressure inside the container rises and the container cannot withstand the internal pressure and there is a risk of explosion. . When transported by ship, even with a thermal insulation structure, the amount of boil-off gas (BOG) generated in the storage tank reaches about 0.05 vol%/day, and when conventional liquefied natural gas carriers operate, 4 to 6 tons (t) per hour, It is known that about 300 tons of liquefied natural gas is converted into boil-off gas during one flight.

이처럼 액화천연가스 등의 극저온 액화가스는 온도, 압력 등의 변화에 매우 민감하며 저장탱크에서는 대량의 BOG가 발생하며, 저장탱크에서 LNG 운반선으로 하역을 위해 이송된 LNG에서는 온도 변화에 따라 기화된 LNG, 즉 BOG가 발생하고, LNG 운반선의 저장용기로 도입되면서 압력 변화에 의해 플래시 가스(Flash gas)도 발생할 수 있어 이러한 BOG의 처리는 매우 중요한 문제이다. As such, cryogenic liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas is very sensitive to changes in temperature and pressure, and a large amount of BOG is generated in the storage tank. In other words, BOG is generated, and as it is introduced into the storage container of an LNG carrier, flash gas can also be generated due to a pressure change, so the treatment of such BOG is a very important issue.

출원번호 제10-2010-7002140호Application No. 10-2010-7002140

본 발명은 상기한 바와 같은 종래의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로서, FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 FLNG에 마련된 증발가스 압축기로 이송하여 압축된 증발가스를 엔진의 연료로 사용하는데 목적이 있다. The present invention is to solve the conventional problems as described above, and the BOG generated from LNG transferred from the FLNG to an LNG carrier is transferred to a BOG compressor provided in the FLNG, and the compressed BOG is used as fuel for the engine. There is a purpose.

상기 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 일 측면에 따르면, LNG의 LNG 하역 시스템은 FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 LNG를 하역하는 시스템에 있어서, 상기 FLNG의 저장탱크에 저장된 LNG를 상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송하는 하역 라인; 상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 FLNG에 마련되는 증발가스 압축기로 이송하는 제 1 증발가스 이송라인; 상기 증발가스 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 엔진에 연료로 공급하는 연료 공급라인;을 제공한다. According to one aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object, an LNG unloading system is a system for unloading LNG from an FLNG to an LNG carrier, and an unloading line for transporting the LNG stored in the storage tank of the FLNG to the LNG carrier. ; a first BOG transfer line for transferring BOG generated from the LNG transferred to the LNG carrier to a BOG compressor provided in the FLNG; It provides; a fuel supply line for supplying the boil-off gas compressed by the boil-off gas compressor to the engine as fuel.

상기 증발가스 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스는 연료로 공급되는 LNG와 혼합되어 상기 엔진에 연료로 공급되는 것이 바람직하다. It is preferable that the boil-off gas compressed by the boil-off gas compressor is mixed with LNG supplied as fuel and supplied as fuel to the engine.

상기 저장탱크에서 배출되는 LNG를 임시 저장하는 재응축기를 더 포함하며, 상기 증발가스 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스는 상기 재응축기에서 배출된 LNG와 열교환 되는 것이 바람직하다. It is preferable that the recondenser further includes a recondenser for temporarily storing the LNG discharged from the storage tank, and the BOG compressed by the BOG compressor is heat-exchanged with the LNG discharged from the recondenser.

상기 저장탱크에서 배출되는 증발가스를 상기 증발가스 압축기로 이송하는 제 2 증발가스 이송라인을 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. It is preferable to further include a second boil-off gas transfer line for transferring the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank to the boil-off gas compressor.

상기 FLNG에 마련되는 천연가스 액화 장치에서 액화되지 않은 가스를 분리하여 상기 증발가스 압축기로 공급하는 가스 공급 라인을 더 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. It is preferable to further include a gas supply line for separating the gas that is not liquefied from the natural gas liquefaction device provided in the FLNG and supplying it to the boil-off gas compressor.

상기 엔진에 공급되는 연료는 120~ 400 Bar 로 압축되는 것이 바람직하다. It is preferable that the fuel supplied to the engine is compressed to 120 to 400 Bar.

상기 엔진은 발전용 가스 터빈인 것이 바람직하다. The engine is preferably a gas turbine for power generation.

본 발명의 다른 측면에 따르면, FLNG의 LNG 하역 방법은 FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 LNG를 하역하는 방법에 있어서, 상기 FLNG의 저장탱크에 저장된 LNG를 상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송하되, 상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 FLNG에 마련되는 증발가스 압축기로 이송하고, 상기 증발가스 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 엔진에 연료로 공급하는 것이 바람직하다. According to another aspect of the present invention, the method for unloading LNG of FLNG is a method of unloading LNG from FLNG to an LNG carrier, wherein the LNG stored in the storage tank of the FLNG is transferred to the LNG carrier, and the LNG transferred to the LNG carrier It is preferable to transfer the boil-off gas generated in the FLNG to a boil-off gas compressor provided in the FLNG, and supply the boil-off gas compressed by the boil-off gas compressor to the engine as fuel.

상기 증발가스 압축기에 의해 압축된 증발가스는 연료로 공급되는 LNG와 혼합되어 상기 엔진에 연료로 공급되는 것이 바람직하다. It is preferable that the boil-off gas compressed by the boil-off gas compressor is mixed with LNG supplied as fuel and supplied as fuel to the engine.

본 발명에 따르면, FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 FLNG에 마련된 증발가스 압축기로 이송하여 압축된 증발가스를 엔진의 연료로 사용함으로써 에너지 절감의 효과가 있다. According to the present invention, there is an effect of saving energy by transferring the boil-off gas generated from the LNG transferred from the FLNG to the LNG carrier to the boil-off gas compressor provided in the FLNG and using the compressed boil-off gas as a fuel for the engine.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 FLNG의 LNG를 하역 시스템의 개념을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating the concept of a system for unloading LNG of FLNG according to the present invention.

이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시례를 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다. 또한, 본 발명을 설명함에 있어, 관련된 공지 구성 또는 기능에 대한 구체적인 설명이 본 발명의 요지를 흐릴 수 있다고 판단되는 경우에는 그 상세한 설명은 생략한다. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

이하 첨부한 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시례에 대한 구성 및 작용을 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다. 또한 하기 실시례는 여러 가지 다른 형태로 변형될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 범위가 하기 실시례에 한정되는 것은 아니다. Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the following examples may be modified in various other forms, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

도 1은 본 발명에 따른 FLNG의 LNG를 하역 시스템의 개념을 개략적으로 도시한 도면이다. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating the concept of a system for unloading LNG of FLNG according to the present invention.

도 1에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템은 FLNG(10)에서 LNG 운반선(20)으로 LNG를 하역하는 시스템에 있어서, FLNG(10)의 저장탱크(11)에 저장된 LNG를 상기 LNG 운반선(20)의 저장용기(21)로 이송하는 하역 라인(111); LNG 운반선(20)으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 FLNG(10)에 마련된 증발가스 압축기(142)로 이송하는 제 1 증발가스 이송라인(120); 증발가스 압축기(142)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 엔진(146)에 연료로 공급하는 증발가스 공급라인(165);을 포함한다. As shown in FIG. 1 , the LNG unloading system for FLNG according to the present invention is a system for unloading LNG from a FLNG 10 to an LNG carrier 20 , and the LNG stored in the storage tank 11 of the FLNG 10 . an unloading line 111 for transferring the to the storage container 21 of the LNG carrier 20; a first boil-off gas transfer line 120 for transferring boil-off gas generated from the LNG transferred to the LNG carrier 20 to the boil-off gas compressor 142 provided in the FLNG 10; and a boil-off gas supply line 165 for supplying the boil-off gas compressed by the boil-off gas compressor 142 to the engine 146 as fuel.

FLNG(Floating Liquefied Natural Gas, 10)는 해상에 부유하며 LNG를 처리하는 해양구조물로서, 대표적으로 LNG-FPSO(Liquefied Natural Gas - Floating Production, Storage and Offloading)와 LNG-FSRU(Floating Storage and Regasification Unit)가 이에 포함된다. 특히 LNG-FPSO는 LNG의 생산 및 액화설비 그리고 저장시설을 갖추어, 해상의 가스전에서 시추한 천연가스로 LNG를 생산하여 저장하고 LNG 운반선(20)으로 하역 또는 선적하여 공급할 수 있는 특수선박이다.FLNG (Floating Liquefied Natural Gas, 10) is an offshore structure that floats in the sea and processes LNG. Representative LNG-FPSO (Liquefied Natural Gas - Floating Production, Storage and Offloading) and LNG-FSRU (Floating Storage and Regasification Unit) is included in this. In particular, LNG-FPSO is a special vessel that is equipped with LNG production and liquefaction facilities and storage facilities, produces and stores LNG from natural gas drilled in an offshore gas field, and can be supplied by loading or unloading with an LNG carrier (20).

하역 라인(111)에는 LNG 운반선(20)으로 FLNG(10)의 저장탱크(11)에 저장된 LNG를 하역할 수 있도록 펌프(12)가 마련될 수 있다.A pump 12 may be provided in the unloading line 111 to unload the LNG stored in the storage tank 11 of the FLNG 10 by the LNG carrier 20 .

LNG 운반선(20)으로 하역을 위해 이송된 LNG에서는 온도 변화에 따라 기화된 LNG, 즉 BOG가 발생하고, LNG 운반선(20)의 저장용기(21)로 도입되면서 압력 변화에 의해 플래시 가스(Flash gas)도 발생할 수 있다. LNG 운반선(20)에도 이들 증발가스를 재액화하거나 연료로 사용하는 등의 방법으로 처리하기 위한 설비를 갖출 수도 있으나, 하역시 특히 다량의 증발가스가 발생하므로 LNG 운반선(20)의 증발가스 처리용량을 넘어서는 문제가 있다.In the LNG transferred to the LNG carrier 20 for loading and unloading, vaporized LNG, that is, BOG, is generated according to the temperature change, and is introduced into the storage container 21 of the LNG carrier 20 and is introduced into the storage container 21 of the LNG carrier 20 and the flash gas is caused by the pressure change. ) may also occur. The LNG carrier 20 may also be equipped with facilities for treating these BOGs by re-liquefying or using them as fuel. There is a problem beyond

한편, FLNG(10)는 액화장치(140)를 통해 천연가스를 액화하는 공정이 마련되며, 액화하지 않은 가벼운 성분의 가스는 세퍼레이터(141)에서 분리되어 가스 공급 라인(131)을 통해 증발가스 압축기(142)로 공급된다. 세퍼레이터(141)를 통해 가스가 분리된 LNG는 저장탱크(11)에 저장된다. On the other hand, the FLNG 10 is provided with a process of liquefying natural gas through the liquefaction device 140 , and the non-liquefied light component gas is separated from the separator 141 and the BOG compressor is passed through the gas supply line 131 . (142). LNG from which gas is separated through the separator 141 is stored in the storage tank 11 .

저장탱크(11)는 LNG 등의 액화가스를 극저온 상태로 저장할 수 있도록 밀봉 및 단열 방벽을 갖추고 있지만, 외부로부터 전달되는 열을 완벽하게 차단할 수는 없다. 그에 따라 저장탱크(11) 내에서는 액화가스의 증발이 지속적으로 이루어지며, 증발가스의 압력을 적정한 수준으로 유지하기 위해 제 2 증발가스 이송라인(130)을 통하여 저장탱크(11) 내부의 증발가스를 배출시켜 증발가스 압축기(142)로 공급한다. The storage tank 11 is equipped with a sealing and insulating barrier to store liquefied gas such as LNG in a cryogenic state, but cannot completely block the heat transmitted from the outside. Accordingly, the evaporation of the liquefied gas is continuously performed in the storage tank 11, and the boil-off gas inside the storage tank 11 through the second boil-off gas transfer line 130 to maintain the pressure of the boil-off gas at an appropriate level. is discharged and supplied to the boil-off gas compressor 142 .

즉, 액화공정에서 액화되지 못한 가스와 저장탱크(11)에서 자연적으로 기화된 증발가스를 압축하기 위해 이미 설치되어있는 증발가스 압축기(142)에 LNG 하역시 LNG 운반선(20)에서 발생한 증발가스가 공급된다.That is, the BOG generated from the LNG carrier 20 during LNG unloading into the BOG compressor 142 already installed to compress the gas that has not been liquefied in the liquefaction process and the BOG naturally vaporized in the storage tank 11 is is supplied

증발가스 압축기(142)에서 압축된 증발가스는 엔진(146)에 연료로서 공급되는 LNG와 혼합(재응축)되어 연료로서 엔진(146)에 공급된다. BOG compressed by the BOG compressor 142 is mixed (re-condensed) with LNG supplied as fuel to the engine 146 and supplied to the engine 146 as fuel.

여기서 엔진(146)은 발전용 가스 터빈일 수 있으며, 엔진에 공급되는 연료는 120 ~ 400 Bar 로 압축되어 공급될 수 있다. Here, the engine 146 may be a gas turbine for power generation, and the fuel supplied to the engine may be compressed and supplied to 120 to 400 Bar.

한편, 엔진(146)의 연료로서 사용되는 LNG는 저장탱크(11) 내에 설치되는 펌프(12)에 의해 배출되며, LNG 하역 라인(111)에서 분기된 LNG 공급 라인(112)을 통하여 재응축기(143)에 공급되어 임시로 저장된다.On the other hand, LNG used as the fuel of the engine 146 is discharged by the pump 12 installed in the storage tank 11, and through the LNG supply line 112 branched from the LNG unloading line 111, the recondenser ( 143) and temporarily stored.

재응축기(143)는 펌프(12)의 상류측에 설치되는 버퍼 탱크로서의 기능을 수행할 수 있다. 재응축기(143)에 공급된 액화증발가스는 기체와 액체가 서로 분리되며, 액체 상태의 액화증발가스만이 연료 공급라인(165)에 마련된 연료 펌프(147)를 통해 엔진(146)에 공급된다. 연료 펌프는 복수 개, 예를 들어 2개가 병렬로 설치될 수 있다.The recondenser 143 may function as a buffer tank installed on the upstream side of the pump 12 . The liquefied evaporator supplied to the recondenser 143 is separated from gas and liquid, and only liquefied evaporative gas in a liquid state is supplied to the engine 146 through the fuel pump 147 provided in the fuel supply line 165 . . A plurality of fuel pumps, for example, two may be installed in parallel.

여기서, 연료 공급라인(165)은 증발가스 압축기(142)에서 배출된 증발가스가 재응축기(143)을 거쳐 연료 펌프(147), 열교환기(144) 및 기화기(145)를 통해 엔진(146)으로 공급되는 공급라인을 의미한다. Here, the fuel supply line 165 is the engine 146 through which the BOG discharged from the BOG compressor 142 goes through the recondenser 143, the fuel pump 147, the heat exchanger 144, and the carburetor 145. It means the supply line that is supplied to

저장탱크(11)에서 직접 공급되는 액화가스, 즉 LNG를 재응축기(143)에 임시 저장하고, LNG의 냉열을 이용하여 발생된 증발가스 중 일부 혹은 전부를 재응축시킬 수 있다. Liquefied gas directly supplied from the storage tank 11, ie, LNG, may be temporarily stored in the recondenser 143, and some or all of the BOG generated may be recondensed by using the cooling heat of the LNG.

재응축기(143)에 저장되어 있던 LNG는 엔진에서 요구하는 압력 (대략 20 ~ 25bar 정도)까지 압축되고, 계속해서 기화기(145)를 통과하면서 엔진에서 요구하는 온도까지 가열(기화)된 후 엔진에 연료로서 공급된다.The LNG stored in the recondenser 143 is compressed to the pressure required by the engine (approximately 20 to 25 bar), and while continuously passing through the carburetor 145, it is heated (vaporized) to the temperature required by the engine and then added to the engine. supplied as fuel.

증발가스 압축기(142)는 필요에 따라 하나 이상의 압축기를 포함하는 다단 압축의 증발가스 압축부로 이루어질 수도 있다.The boil-off gas compressor 142 may be configured as a multi-stage compression boil-off gas compression unit including one or more compressors as necessary.

증발가스 압축기(142)에서 압축된 증발가스는 재응축기(143)에 공급되어 LNG와 혼합됨으로써 액화된다. 액화된 증발가스(LBOG)는 재응축기(143)에 임시로 저장되어 있던 LNG와 함께 연료 공급라인(165)을 따라 기화기(145)를 거쳐 엔진(146)에 공급된다.BOG compressed by the BOG compressor 142 is supplied to the recondenser 143 and mixed with LNG to be liquefied. The liquefied boil-off gas (LBOG) is supplied to the engine 146 through the vaporizer 145 along the fuel supply line 165 along with the LNG temporarily stored in the recondenser 143 .

또한, LNG운반선(20)에서 발생한 증발가스는 이송과정을 거치면서 FLNG(10)의 저장탱크(11)에서 발생하는 증발가스보다 상대적으로 온도가 높아지게 되므로, 이러한 경우에 증발가스 압축기(142)에서 배출된 증발가스는 연료 공급라인(165) 상에 배치되어 있는 삼방향 밸브(160)를 통해 분기라인(161)으로 분기하여 열교환기(144)를 거치고 하고, 다시 복귀라인(162)을 통해 재응축기(143)로 복귀하게 함으로써 증발가스의 온도를 낮추게 할 수 있다. In addition, since the boil-off gas generated in the LNG carrier 20 goes through a transfer process, the temperature is relatively higher than that of the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank 11 of the FLNG 10. In this case, in the boil-off gas compressor 142 The discharged BOG is branched to the branch line 161 through the three-way valve 160 disposed on the fuel supply line 165, passes through the heat exchanger 144, and again through the return line 162. By returning to the condenser 143, it is possible to lower the temperature of the boil-off gas.

즉, 분기라인(161)을 통하여 증발가스 압축기(142)에서 압축된 증발가스가 열교환기(144)에 공급될 수 있으며, 열교환기(144)에서는 상대적으로 저온인 기화기(145)에 공급되는 LNG와 상대적으로 고온인 증발 가스 압축기(142)에서 압축된 증발가스를 열교환 시킨다. LNG 운반선(20)에서 발생하는 증발가스의 양이 많은 경우에, 증발가스 분기라인(161)을 통해 증발가스 중 일부 혹은 전부를 열교환기(144)에 공급하여 증발가스의 온도를 낮춘 후 재응축기(143)에 공급함으로써 재응축기(143)에서 응축이 더욱 잘 일어나도록 할 수 있다. 즉, 열교환기(144)를 통해 상온의 증발가스가 연료로서 공급되는 액화천연가스의 냉열을 회수할 수 있으므로, 재응축기의 용량 및 크기를 줄일 수 있어 초기 투자비를 절감할 수 있게 된다.That is, the boil-off gas compressed in the boil-off gas compressor 142 through the branch line 161 may be supplied to the heat exchanger 144 , and the LNG supplied to the vaporizer 145 at a relatively low temperature in the heat exchanger 144 . and the boil-off gas compressed in the relatively high temperature boil-off gas compressor 142 is exchanged with heat. When the amount of boil-off gas generated from the LNG carrier 20 is large, some or all of the boil-off gas is supplied to the heat exchanger 144 through the boil-off gas branch line 161 to lower the temperature of the boil-off gas, and then the recondenser By supplying to 143, it is possible to make condensation more likely to occur in the recondenser 143. That is, since it is possible to recover the cooling heat of the liquefied natural gas supplied as fuel by the boil-off gas at room temperature through the heat exchanger 144, the capacity and size of the recondenser can be reduced, thereby reducing the initial investment cost.

한편, 본 발명에 따른 FLNG(10)의 LNG 하역 방법은 FLNG(10)에서 LNG 운반선(20)으로 LNG를 하역하는 방법에 있어서, FLNG(10)의 저장탱크(11)에 저장된 LNG를 상기 LNG 운반선(20)의 저장용기(21)으로 이송하되, LNG 운반선(20)으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 FLNG(10)에 마련되는 증발가스 압축기(142)로 이송하고, 증발가스 압축기(142)에 의해 압축된 증발가스를 엔진(146)에 연료로 공급한다. On the other hand, the LNG unloading method of the FLNG (10) according to the present invention is a method of unloading LNG from the FLNG (10) to the LNG carrier (20), the LNG stored in the storage tank (11) of the FLNG (10) is the LNG It is transferred to the storage container 21 of the carrier 20, but BOG generated from the LNG transferred to the LNG carrier 20 is transferred to the BOG compressor 142 provided in the FLNG 10, and the BOG compressor ( BOG compressed by 142) is supplied to the engine 146 as fuel.

또한, 증발가스 압축기(142)에서 압축된 증발가스는 연료로 공급되는 LNG와 혼합되어 연료로 공급될 수 있다. In addition, the boil-off gas compressed in the boil-off gas compressor 142 may be mixed with LNG supplied as fuel and supplied as fuel.

이와 같은 본 발명에 따른 FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템과 방법은 FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 FLNG에 마련된 증발가스 압축기로 이송하여 압축된 증발가스를 엔진의 연료로 사용함으로써 에너지 절감의 효과가 있다. The LNG unloading system and method of FLNG according to the present invention as described above transfers BOG generated from LNG transferred from the FLNG to an LNG carrier to a BOG compressor provided in the FLNG and uses the compressed BOG as fuel for the engine, thereby saving energy. has the effect of

이상의 설명은 본 발명의 기술 사상을 예시적으로 설명한 것에 불과한 것으로서, 본 발명이 속하는 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 본 발명의 본질적인 특성에서 벗어나지 않는 범위에서 다양한 수정 및 변형이 가능할 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명에 개시된 실시례들은 본 발명의 기술 사상을 한정하기 위한 것이 아니라 설명하기 위한 것이고, 이러한 실시례에 의하여 본 발명의 기술 사상의 범위가 한정되는 것은 아니다. 본 발명의 보호 범위는 아래의 청구범위에 의하여 해석되어야 하며, 그와 동등한 범위 내에 있는 모든 기술 사상은 본 발명의 권리범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석되어야 할 것이다. The above description is merely illustrative of the technical spirit of the present invention, and various modifications and variations will be possible without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention, but to explain, and the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention should be construed by the following claims, and all technical ideas within the scope equivalent thereto should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

본 발명은 상기 실시례에 한정되지 않고, 본 발명의 기술적 요지를 벗어나지 아니하는 범위 내에서 다양하게 수정 또는 변형되어 실시될 수 있음은 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에 있어서 자명한 것이다.It is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that various modifications or variations can be implemented without departing from the technical gist of the present invention. did it

10 : FLNG 11 : 저장 탱크
12 : 펌프 20 : LNG 운반선
21 : 저장용기 111 : 하역라인
112 : 공급라인 120 : 제 1 증발가스 이송라인
130 : 제 2 증발가스 이송라인 131 : 가스 공급 라인
140 : 액화장치 141 : 세퍼레이터
142 : 증발가스 압축기 143 : 재응축기
144 : 열교환기 145 : 기화기
146 : 엔진 147 : 연료 펌프
160 : 삼방향 밸브 161 : 분기라인
162 : 복귀라인 165 : 연료 공급라인10: FLNG 11: storage tank
12: pump 20: LNG carrier
21: storage container 111: unloading line
112: supply line 120: first boil-off gas transfer line
130: second boil-off gas transfer line 131: gas supply line
140: liquefaction device 141: separator
142: boil-off gas compressor 143: re-condenser
144: heat exchanger 145: vaporizer
146: engine 147: fuel pump
160: three-way valve 161: branch line
162: return line 165: fuel supply line

Claims (9)

FLNG에서 LNG 운반선으로 LNG를 하역하는 시스템에 있어서,
상기 FLNG의 저장탱크에 저장된 LNG를 상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송하는 하역 라인;
상기 LNG 운반선으로 이송된 LNG에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 FLNG에 마련되는 증발가스 압축기로 이송하는 제 1 증발가스 이송라인;
상기 저장탱크에서 배출되는 LNG를 임시 저장하는 재응축기; 및
상기 증발가스 압축기에서 압축된 증발가스를, 상기 재응축기를 거쳐 연료 펌프, 열교환기 및 기화기를 통해 엔진으로 공급하는 연료 공급라인을 포함하며,
상기 재응축기에 공급된 LNG는 기체와 액체로 분리되며, 액체 상태의 액화증발가스만이 연료 공급라인을 통해 엔진에 공급되며,
상기 증발가스 압축기에서 배출된 증발가스 일부는 삼방향 밸브와 연결된 분기라인을 거쳐 열교환기에 공급되어, 상기 재응축기에서 배출된 LNG와 열교환된 후, 복귀라인을 통해 재응축기로 공급되는, FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템.In the system for unloading LNG from FLNG to an LNG carrier,
an unloading line for transferring the LNG stored in the storage tank of the FLNG to the LNG carrier;
a first boil-off gas transfer line for transferring boil-off gas generated from the LNG transferred to the LNG carrier to a boil-off gas compressor provided in the FLNG;
a recondenser for temporarily storing the LNG discharged from the storage tank; and
and a fuel supply line for supplying the boil-off gas compressed in the boil-off gas compressor to the engine through a fuel pump, a heat exchanger and a carburetor through the recondenser,
The LNG supplied to the recondenser is separated into gas and liquid, and only liquid evaporative gas is supplied to the engine through a fuel supply line,
Part of the BOG discharged from the BOG compressor is supplied to the heat exchanger through a branch line connected to the three-way valve, exchanges heat with the LNG discharged from the recondenser, and then is supplied to the recondenser through a return line. unloading system. 삭제delete 삭제delete 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 저장탱크에서 배출되는 증발가스를 상기 증발가스 압축기로 이송하는 제 2 증발가스 이송라인을 더 포함하는, FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템. The method according to claim 1,
The LNG unloading system of FLNG, further comprising a second boil-off gas transfer line for transferring the boil-off gas discharged from the storage tank to the boil-off gas compressor. 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 FLNG에 마련되는 천연가스 액화 장치에서 액화되지 않은 가스를 분리하여 상기 증발가스 압축기로 공급하는 가스 공급 라인을 더 포함하는, FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템. The method according to claim 1,
The LNG offloading system of FLNG, further comprising a gas supply line for separating non-liquefied gas from the natural gas liquefaction device provided in the FLNG and supplying it to the boil-off gas compressor. 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 엔진에 공급되는 연료는 120~ 400 Bar 로 압축되는, FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템. The method according to claim 1,
The fuel supplied to the engine is compressed to 120 ~ 400 Bar, FLNG LNG unloading system. 청구항 1에 있어서,
상기 엔진은 발전용 가스 터빈인, FLNG의 LNG 하역 시스템. The method according to claim 1,
The engine is a gas turbine for power generation, an LNG offloading system of FLNG. 삭제delete 삭제delete
KR1020150060377A 2015-04-29 2015-04-29 LNG Offloading System And Method For FLNG KR102351014B1 (en)

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