KR102270963B1 - A method and control device for operating an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

A method and control device for operating an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
KR102270963B1
KR102270963B1 KR1020150154983A KR20150154983A KR102270963B1 KR 102270963 B1 KR102270963 B1 KR 102270963B1 KR 1020150154983 A KR1020150154983 A KR 1020150154983A KR 20150154983 A KR20150154983 A KR 20150154983A KR 102270963 B1 KR102270963 B1 KR 102270963B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
catalytic converter
exhaust gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
nitrogen oxide
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KR1020150154983A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20160054418A (en
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안드레이스 되링
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만 에너지 솔루션즈 에스이
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/007—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
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    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2046—Periodically cooling catalytic reactors
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F02D41/064—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting at cold start
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    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection

Abstract

본 발명은 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터를 가진 배기가스 처리 시스템을 구비한 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 방법에 관한 것으로, 적어도 하기 단계들, 즉 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량이 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되고, 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량이 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 또는 대안으로서 계산에 의해 결정되며, 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량과 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 사이의 산소 함량차 및/또는 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량과 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량 사이의 질소 산화물 함량차가 결정되고, 산소 함량차 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량차로부터 적어도 하나의 특성값이 결정되며, 상기 특성값에 의존해서, 내연기관은 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 손상이 방지되도록 작동되는 단계를 포함한다.The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas treatment system having a catalytic converter comprising a hydrocarbon oxidation activity, comprising at least the following steps: the oxygen content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter and/or The nitrogen oxide content is determined technically by means of at least one sensor and the oxygen content and/or the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter comprising hydrocarbon oxidation activity is measured by means of at least one sensor technically or alternatively is determined by calculation as: the oxygen content difference between the oxygen content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter and the oxygen content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter and/or the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter and the catalytic converter a nitrogen oxide content difference is determined between the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas downstream of, and at least one characteristic value is determined from the oxygen content difference and/or the nitrogen oxide content difference, depending on the characteristic value, the internal combustion engine is capable of oxidizing hydrocarbons actuating to prevent damage to the catalytic converter comprising the activity.

Description

내연기관을 작동하기 위한 방법 및 제어장치{A METHOD AND CONTROL DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE}A METHOD AND CONTROL DEVICE FOR OPERATING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

본 발명은 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 또한 본 발명은 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 제어장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine. The invention also relates to a control device for operating an internal combustion engine.

실제로 공개된 내연기관들은, 내연기관의 유해 물질 방출을 줄이기 위해 배기가스 처리 시스템을 포함한다. 따라서 실제로, 내연기관의 배기가스 처리 시스템은 촉매 컨버터, 예를 들어 내연기관의 질소 산화물 방출을 줄이기 위한 촉매 컨버터를 포함하는 것이 공개되어 있다. 이 경우 예를 들어 소위 SCR-촉매 컨버터 또는 산화 촉매 컨버터일 수 있다. 또한 실제로, 이러한 촉매 컨버터는 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하고, 이로써 즉 촉매 컨버터 내에서 탄화수소가 산화될 수 있는 것이 공개되어 있다. 탄화수소의 산화는 탄화수소의 산화를 위한 반응 온도라고도 하는 특정 온도부터 산화가 이루어진다. 내연기관의 비교적 오래 걸리는 저온 시동이 이루어지는 경우에, 촉매 컨버터 내에 다량의 불연소된 또는 비산화된 탄화수소가 축적될 수 있고, 이러한 탄화수소는 반응 온도에 도달시 촉매 컨버터 내에서 갑자기 산화된다. 탄화수소의 산화는 발열 반응이기 때문에, 이 경우 촉매 컨버터 내부에서 심한 온도 상승이 이루어질 수 있고, 이러한 온도 상승은 촉매 컨버터의 열 손상을 야기할 수 있다. 이것은 바람직하지 않다.In fact, publicly available internal combustion engines include an exhaust gas treatment system in order to reduce the emission of harmful substances from the internal combustion engine. Thus, in practice, it is disclosed that an exhaust gas treatment system of an internal combustion engine comprises a catalytic converter, for example a catalytic converter for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions of an internal combustion engine. In this case, it may be, for example, a so-called SCR-catalytic converter or an oxidation-catalytic converter. Also in practice, it has been disclosed that such catalytic converters contain hydrocarbon oxidation activity, ie that hydrocarbons can be oxidized in the catalytic converter. Oxidation of hydrocarbons occurs from a specific temperature, also called the reaction temperature for oxidation of hydrocarbons. In the case of a relatively long cold start-up of the internal combustion engine, a large amount of unburned or non-oxidized hydrocarbons may accumulate in the catalytic converter, and these hydrocarbons are suddenly oxidized in the catalytic converter when the reaction temperature is reached. Since the oxidation of hydrocarbons is an exothermic reaction, in this case a severe temperature rise may occur inside the catalytic converter, which may cause thermal damage to the catalytic converter. This is undesirable.

DE 10 2009 007 764 A1호에, 촉매 컨버터 내에 침전된 탄화수소의 양이 모델에 의해 평가되는 방법이 공개되어 있다. 이러한 선행기술에 공개된 방법은 비교적 부정확하다.DE 10 2009 007 764 A1 discloses a method in which the amount of hydrocarbons precipitated in a catalytic converter is evaluated by means of a model. The methods disclosed in this prior art are relatively inaccurate.

본 발명의 과제는, 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 신규한 방법 및 제어장치를 제공하는 것이다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel method and control device for operating an internal combustion engine.

상기 과제는 청구범위 제1항에 따른 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 방법에 의해 해결된다.The above object is solved by a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 .

본 발명에 따른 방법은 적어도 하기 단계들을 포함한다: 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량이 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정된다; 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량이 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 또는 대안으로서 계산에 의해 결정된다; 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량과 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 사이의 산소 함량차 및/또는 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량과 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량 사이의 질소 산화물 함량차가 결정되고; 산소 함량차 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량차로부터 적어도 하나의 특성값이 결정되며, 상기 특성값에 의존해서, 내연기관은 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 손상이 방지되도록 작동된다.The method according to the invention comprises at least the following steps: the oxygen content and/or the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter comprising hydrocarbon oxidation activity is determined technically by means of at least one sensor; the oxygen content and/or the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter comprising the hydrocarbon oxidation activity is determined by means of at least one sensor technically or alternatively by calculation; The oxygen content difference between the oxygen content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter and the oxygen content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter and/or the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter and nitrogen in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter the nitrogen oxide content difference between the oxide content is determined; At least one characteristic value is determined from the oxygen content difference and/or the nitrogen oxide content difference, depending on the characteristic value, the internal combustion engine is operated such that damage to the catalytic converter comprising hydrocarbon oxidation activity is prevented.

본 발명에 따른 방법에 의해, 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스에서 측정 기술적으로 결정된 산소 함량 및/또는 측정 기술적으로 결정된 질소 산화물 함량에 기초한 결정된 산소 함량차 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량차에 의해서 적어도 하나의 특성값이 정확히 결정될 수 있고, 촉매 컨버터 내에 수집된 탄화수소의 발열 산화로 인한 촉매 컨버터의 손상을 안전하고 확실하게 방지하기 위해, 내연기관은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 작동된다.By means of the method according to the invention, at least one of at least one oxygen content difference and/or a nitrogen oxide content difference on the basis of a measured technically determined oxygen content and/or a measured technically determined nitrogen oxide content and/or a nitrogen oxide content difference in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter In order that the characteristic value can be accurately determined, and in order to safely and reliably prevent damage to the catalytic converter due to the exothermic oxidation of hydrocarbons collected in the catalytic converter, the internal combustion engine is operated depending on the characteristic value.

바람직한 개선예에 따라, 특성값이 하한값보다 작으면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 변경되지 않으며, 관련 특성값이 하한값보다 크고 상한값보다 작으면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 제1 방식으로 변경되고, 관련 특성값이 상한값보다 크면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 제2 방식으로 변경된다. 이는 내연기관의 특히 바람직한 작동을 가능하게 하고, 따라서 관련 특성값과 무관하게 내연기관의 작동에 규정대로 영향을 미칠 수 있다.According to a preferred refinement, if the characteristic value is less than the lower limit, the operation of the internal combustion engine does not change depending on the characteristic value, and if the relevant characteristic value is greater than the lower limit and less than the upper limit, the operation of the internal combustion engine is dependent on the characteristic value. is changed in the first manner depending on the characteristic value, and if the relevant characteristic value is greater than the upper limit value, the operation of the internal combustion engine is changed in the second manner depending on the characteristic value. This enables a particularly desirable operation of the internal combustion engine and thus can influence the operation of the internal combustion engine as defined, irrespective of the relevant characteristic values.

바람직한 개선예에 따라 적어도 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내의 질소 산화물 함량은 NOx-센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되고, 이 경우 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량은 다른 NOx-센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 또는 계산에 의해 결정된다. 적어도 하나의 NOx-센서의 이용의 장점은, 촉매 컨버터 내에 침전된 탄화수소의 점화가 산소에 의해 아직 가능하지 않은 비교적 낮은 온도에서 촉매 컨버터 내의 질소 산화물은 탄화수소에 의해 촉매 작용으로 변환되는 것이다. 따라서 촉매 컨버터 내의 탄화수소가 산소에 의해 산화될 수 있기 전에, 촉매 컨버터의 탄화수소 도입 정도에 관한 정보가 제공되므로, 내연기관의 작동은 적절한 시간에 영향을 받을 수 있다.According to a preferred refinement at least the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter is technically determined by means of a NOx sensor, in which case the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter is measured by means of another NOx sensor Determined technically or computationally. An advantage of the use of at least one NOx-sensor is that the nitrogen oxides in the catalytic converter are catalytically converted by hydrocarbons at relatively low temperatures where ignition of hydrocarbons deposited in the catalytic converter is not yet possible with oxygen. Thus, the operation of the internal combustion engine can be affected at an appropriate time, since information about the degree of hydrocarbon introduction in the catalytic converter is provided before the hydrocarbons in the catalytic converter can be oxidized by oxygen.

바람직하게 추가로 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량은 람다 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되고, 이 경우 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량은 다른 람다 센서에 의해 또는 공기 유량 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 또는 계산에 의해 결정된다. 적어도 하나의 NOx-센서와 적어도 하나의 람다 센서의 조합된 사용이 바람직한데, 그 이유는 이로 인해 더 큰 온도 범위에서 촉매 컨버터의 탄화수소 로딩 정도의 모니터링이 가능하기 때문이다.Preferably furthermore the oxygen content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter is determined technically by means of a lambda sensor, in which case the oxygen content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter is measured by means of another lambda sensor or by means of an air flow sensor Determined technically or computationally. The combined use of at least one NOx-sensor and at least one lambda sensor is preferred, since this enables monitoring of the degree of hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter over a larger temperature range.

내연기관을 작동하기 위한 제어장치는 청구범위 제8항에 규정된다.A control device for operating an internal combustion engine is defined in claim 8 .

본 발명의 바람직한 개선예들은 종속 청구항 및 하기 설명에 제시된다. 본 발명의 실시예들은 이에 제한되지 않으며, 도면을 참고로 설명된다.Preferred refinements of the invention are presented in the dependent claims and in the description which follows. Embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and are described with reference to the drawings.

도 1은 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 본 발명에 따른 방법을 설명하기 위해 배기가스 처리 시스템을 구비한 내연기관을 개략적으로 도시한 도면.1 schematically shows an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas treatment system for illustrating a method according to the invention for operating the internal combustion engine;

본 발명은 배기가스 처리 시스템을 구비한 내연기관, 특히 연료의 연소를 위해 과잉 산소로 작동되는 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 방법에 관한 것이다. 또한 본 발명은 방법을 실시하기 위한 제어장치에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas treatment system, in particular an internal combustion engine operated with excess oxygen for combustion of fuel. The invention also relates to a control device for carrying out the method.

도 1은 내연기관(10)의 배기가스 처리 시스템(12)과 다수의 실린더(11)를 가진 내연기관(10)을 개략적으로 도시하고, 이 경우 도 1에 배기가스 처리 시스템(12) 중에 예시적으로 촉매 컨버터(13)가 도시되며, 상기 촉매 컨버터에 내연기관(10)에서 배출된 배기가스(14)가 공급될 수 있고, 이 경우 정화된 배기가스(14')는 촉매 컨버터(13)에서 배출된다. 촉매 컨버터(13)는 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터이며, 상기 촉매 컨버터에서 탄화수소는 그것의 산화에 의해 변환되고 또는 연소될 수 있고, 이 경우 이러한 촉매 컨버터는 예를 들어, 질소 산화물 방출의 감소를 위한 V2O5 기반의 SCR-촉매 컨버터이거나 또한 질소 산화물의 산화를 위한 귀금속 함유 산화 촉매 컨버터일 수 있다.1 schematically shows an exhaust gas treatment system 12 of an internal combustion engine 10 and an internal combustion engine 10 having a plurality of cylinders 11 , in this case exemplified among the exhaust gas treatment system 12 in FIG. 1 . In general, the catalytic converter 13 is shown, and the exhaust gas 14 discharged from the internal combustion engine 10 may be supplied to the catalytic converter, and in this case, the purified exhaust gas 14 ′ is the catalytic converter 13 . is emitted from The catalytic converter 13 is a catalytic converter comprising a hydrocarbon oxidation activity, in which hydrocarbons can be converted or burned by oxidation thereof, in which case this catalytic converter, for example, reduces nitrogen oxide emissions It can be a V 2 O 5 based SCR-catalytic converter for , or also a noble metal containing oxidation catalytic converter for the oxidation of nitrogen oxides.

촉매 컨버터(13)의 영역에 축적되는 탄화수소의 산화는, 촉매 컨버터(13)가 규정된 반응 온도에 도달할 때에야 이루어질 수 있다.Oxidation of hydrocarbons accumulated in the region of the catalytic converter 13 can only take place when the catalytic converter 13 reaches a prescribed reaction temperature.

내연기관(10)의 저온 시동이 실패하거나 오래 걸리면, 내연기관(10)의 엔진 시동 중에 촉매 컨버터(13)에 연소되지 않고 또는 산화되지 않은 비교적 다량의 탄화수소가 축적될 수 있고, 상기 탄화수소는 반응 온도에 도달시 갑자기 산화되고 촉매 컨버터(13) 내에서 심한 온도 상승을 야기한다. 그러나 이것은 이로 인해 촉매 컨버터(13)의 열 손상의 위험이 있기 때문에 바람직하지 않다.If the low-temperature start-up of the internal combustion engine 10 fails or takes a long time, a relatively large amount of unburned or oxidized hydrocarbons may accumulate in the catalytic converter 13 during engine start-up of the internal combustion engine 10, and the hydrocarbons react It oxidizes abruptly when the temperature is reached and causes a severe temperature rise in the catalytic converter 13 . However, this is undesirable because there is a risk of thermal damage to the catalytic converter 13 due to this.

본 발명에 따라, 촉매 컨버터(13)의 하류의 배기가스(14') 내 산소 함량 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량은 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정된다. 도 1의 실시예에서, 촉매 컨버터(13)의 하류의 배기가스(14') 내 산소 함량 및 질소 산화물 함량을 측정 기술적으로 결정하기 위해, 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터(13)의 하류에 직접 한편으로는 NOx-센서(15)가 제공되고 다른 한편으로는 람다 센서(16)가 제공된다. 또한 본 발명에 따라, 촉매 컨버터(13)의 상류의 배기가스(14) 내 산소 함량 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량이 결정되고, 즉 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 또는 대안으로서 계산에 의해 결정된다. 도 1의 실시예에서 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터(13)의 상류에 직접 센서들이 제공될 수 있고, 즉 다른 NOx-센서(17) 및 다른 람다 센서(18)가 제공되므로, 촉매 컨버터(13)의 상류의 배기가스(14) 내 산소 함량과 질소 산화물 함량이 측정 기술적으로 결정될 수 있다. 이것은 바로, 관련 센서(15, 16, 17, 18)와 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 손상으로부터 보호될 촉매 컨버터(13) 사이에 다른 촉매 활성 어셈블리 및/또는 배기가스 처리 시스템의 입자 필터 또는 그와 같은 것이 위치 설정되지 않는 것을 의미한다.According to the invention, the oxygen content and/or the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas 14 ′ downstream of the catalytic converter 13 is determined measuring technology by means of at least one sensor. 1 , downstream of the catalytic converter 13 comprising a hydrocarbon oxidation activity for measuring and technically determining the oxygen content and the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas 14 ′ downstream of the catalytic converter 13 . Directly on the one hand a NOx sensor 15 is provided and on the other hand a lambda sensor 16 . Also according to the invention, the oxygen content and/or the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas 14 upstream of the catalytic converter 13 is determined, i.e. determined technically by means of at least one sensor or alternatively by calculation . Sensors can be provided directly upstream of the catalytic converter 13 comprising the hydrocarbon oxidation activity in the embodiment of FIG. 1 , ie another NOx-sensor 17 and another lambda sensor 18 are provided, so that the catalytic converter ( The oxygen content and the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas 14 upstream of 13) can be determined technically. This is precisely the difference between the associated sensors 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 and the catalytic converter 13 to be protected from damage involving hydrocarbon oxidation activity and/or the particulate filter of the exhaust gas treatment system or the like. It means that things are not positioned.

촉매 컨버터(13)의 상류의 배기가스(14) 내 산소 함량은 대안으로서 연소된 연료량과 조합하여 공기 유량 센서에 의해 결정될 수도 있다.The oxygen content in the exhaust gas 14 upstream of the catalytic converter 13 may alternatively be determined by means of an air flow sensor in combination with the amount of fuel burned.

또한 촉매 컨버터(13)의 상류의 배기가스(14) 내 산소 함량과 촉매 컨버터(13)의 하류의 배기가스(14') 내 산소 함량 사이의 산소 함량차 및/또는 촉매 컨버터(13)의 상류의 배기가스(14) 내 질소 산화물 함량과 촉매 컨버터(13)의 하류의 배기가스(14') 내 질소 산화물 함량 사이의 질소 산화물 함량차가 결정된다. 도 1에 도시된 실시예에서 산소 함량차 및 질소 산화물 함량차가 결정된다.Also the oxygen content difference between the oxygen content in the exhaust gas 14 upstream of the catalytic converter 13 and the oxygen content in the exhaust gas 14' downstream of the catalytic converter 13 and/or upstream of the catalytic converter 13 The nitrogen oxide content difference between the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas 14 of , and the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas 14' downstream of the catalytic converter 13 is determined. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the oxygen content difference and the nitrogen oxide content difference are determined.

산소 함량차 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량차로부터 적어도 하나의 특성값이 결정되고, 상기 특성값에 의존해서 촉매 컨버터(13)의 손상이 방지되도록 내연기관(10)이 작동된다. 산소 함량차 및/또는 질소 산화물 함량차로부터 특성값으로서 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩 및/또는 촉매 컨버터(13) 내에 수집된 탄화수소의 산화시 촉매 컨버터(13)의 나타나는 온도 상승 및/또는 촉매 컨버터(13) 내 탄화수소의 연소 속도가 결정된다. 적어도 하나의 이러한 특성값을 기초로 내연기관의 작동은 촉매 컨버터(13)의 손상이 방지되도록 제어 또는 조절된다.At least one characteristic value is determined from the oxygen content difference and/or the nitrogen oxide content difference, depending on the characteristic value, the internal combustion engine 10 is operated so that damage to the catalytic converter 13 is prevented. The temperature rise and/or catalyst appearing in the catalytic converter 13 upon hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 and/or oxidation of hydrocarbons collected in the catalytic converter 13 as characteristic values from the oxygen content difference and/or the nitrogen oxide content difference The combustion rate of hydrocarbons in the converter 13 is determined. On the basis of at least one of these characteristic values, the operation of the internal combustion engine is controlled or regulated such that damage to the catalytic converter 13 is avoided.

적어도 하나의 특성값, 예를 들어 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩이 한계값보다 작으면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 변경되지 않는다. 그와 달리, 관련 특성값, 예를 들어 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩이 한계값보다 크면, 내연기관(10)의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 변경된다.If at least one characteristic value, for example the hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 , is less than a threshold value, the operation of the internal combustion engine is not changed depending on the characteristic value. On the other hand, if the relevant characteristic value, for example the hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 , is greater than the limit value, the operation of the internal combustion engine 10 is changed depending on the characteristic value.

관련 특성값, 예를 들어 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩이 상한 및 하한값과 비교되는 경우에, 특히 바람직한 작동이 제공되고, 즉 관련 특성값, 예를 들어 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩이 하한값보다 작으면, 내연기관(10)의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 변경되지 않고, 관련 특성값이 하한값보다 크고 상한값보다 작으면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 제1 방식으로 변경되고, 관련 특성값이 상한값보다 크면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 제2 방식으로 변경된다.If the relevant characteristic value, for example the hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 , is compared with the upper and lower limits, a particularly favorable operation is provided, ie the relevant characteristic value, eg the hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 , is lowered to the lower limit. If less than, the operation of the internal combustion engine 10 is not changed depending on the characteristic value, and if the relevant characteristic value is greater than the lower limit value and less than the upper limit value, the operation of the internal combustion engine is changed in a first manner depending on the characteristic value and if the relevant characteristic value is greater than the upper limit value, the operation of the internal combustion engine is changed in the second manner depending on the characteristic value.

이와 관련해서, 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩이 하한값보다 크고 상한값보다 작은 경우에, 내연기관(10) 내로 연료 분사량이 감소하고, 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩이 상한값보다 큰 경우에, 내연기관(10) 내의 연소 공기량은 예를 들어 내연기관(10)의 스로틀 밸브 조절의 작용에 의해 감소하며, 바람직하게는 추가로 내연기관(10) 내로 연료 분사량도 감소한다.In this regard, when the hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 is greater than the lower limit and less than the upper limit, the fuel injection amount into the internal combustion engine 10 is reduced, and when the hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 is greater than the upper limit, the internal combustion The amount of combustion air in the engine 10 is reduced, for example, by the action of the throttle valve adjustment of the internal combustion engine 10 , preferably furthermore the fuel injection amount into the internal combustion engine 10 is also reduced.

산소 함량차 또는 질소 산화물 함량차로부터 촉매 컨버터(13)의 탄화수소 로딩은 예를 들어 하기 화학 방정식에 따른 n-데칸 C10H22으로 재현되어 결정될 수 있다:The hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter 13 from the oxygen content difference or the nitrogen oxide content difference can be determined, for example, by reproducibility with n-decane C 10 H 22 according to the following chemical equation:

C10H22 + 15.5O2 -> 10CO2+ 11H2OC 10 H 22 + 15.5O 2 -> 10CO 2 + 11H 2 O

C10H22 + 31NO -> 15.5N2 + 10CO2+ 11H2OC 10 H 22 + 31NO -> 15.5N 2 + 10CO 2 + 11H 2 O

촉매 컨버터(13) 내 탄화수소의 산화시 형성되는 온도 상승 ΔT은 하기 관계식에 따라 결정될 수 있다:The temperature rise ΔT formed upon oxidation of hydrocarbons in the catalytic converter 13 can be determined according to the following relation:

ΔT = mc*MABGAS*αABGAS*HUc/ΔtAUF ΔT = mc*M ABGAS *α ABGAS *HU c /Δt AUF

상기 식에서 mC는 촉매 컨버터(13) 내 탄소 질량이고, MABGAS는 촉매 컨버터(13)를 통과하는 배기가스 유동이며, αABGAS는 배기가스 열용량이고, HUc는 탄소의 열값이며, ΔtAUF는 촉매 컨버터(13)의 가열 지속시간이다.where m C is the mass of carbon in the catalytic converter 13, M ABGAS is the exhaust gas flow through the catalytic converter 13, α ABGAS is the exhaust gas heat capacity, HU c is the heat value of carbon, and Δt AUF is The duration of heating of the catalytic converter 13 .

촉매 컨버터(13)의 가열 지속시간 ΔtAUF 또는 탄화수소의 연소 속도는 산소 함량차의 기울기로부터 결정될 수 있다. The heating duration Δt AUF of the catalytic converter 13 or the combustion rate of hydrocarbons can be determined from the slope of the oxygen content difference.

또한 본 발명은 방법을 실시하기 위한 제어장치에 관한 것으로, 상기 제어장치는 바람직하게 내연기관(10)의 전자 엔진 제어장치이다. 상기 제어장치는 본 발명에 따른 방법을 실시하기 위한 수단을 포함한다. 이러한 수단은 본 발명에 따른 방법의 실시에 관련된 어셈블리와 데이터 교환을 위한 데이터 인터페이스, 데이터 처리를 위한 프로세서 및 데이터 저장을 위한 데이터 메모리이다.The invention also relates to a control device for carrying out the method, which control device is preferably an electronic engine control device for an internal combustion engine (10). The control device comprises means for carrying out the method according to the invention. These means are a data interface for data exchange with the assembly involved in the implementation of the method according to the invention, a processor for data processing and a data memory for data storage.

10 : 내연기관 11 : 실린더
12 : 배기가스 처리 시스템 13 : 촉매 컨버터
14, 14' : 배기가스 15 : NOx-센서
16 : 람다 센서 17 : NOx-센서
18 : 람다 센서10: internal combustion engine 11: cylinder
12: exhaust gas treatment system 13: catalytic converter
14, 14': exhaust gas 15: NOx-sensor
16: lambda sensor 17: NOx-sensor
18: lambda sensor

Claims (8)

탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터를 가진 배기가스 후처리 시스템을 구비한 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 방법에 있어서,
탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 및 질소 산화물 함량 중 적어도 하나가 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되고,
탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 및 질소 산화물 함량 중 적어도 하나가 적어도 하나의 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되거나 또는 대안으로서 계산에 의해 결정되며,
촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량과 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량 사이의 산소 함량차 및 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량과 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량 사이의 질소 산화물 함량차 중 적어도 하나가 결정되고,
상기 산소 함량차 및 상기 질소 산화물 함량차 중 적어도 하나로부터 적어도 하나의 특성값이 결정되며, 상기 특성값에 의존하여, 내연기관이 탄화수소 산화 활성을 포함하는 촉매 컨버터의 손상이 방지되도록 작동되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.A method for operating an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas aftertreatment system having a catalytic converter comprising hydrocarbon oxidation activity, the method comprising:
at least one of an oxygen content and a nitrogen oxide content in an exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter comprising hydrocarbon oxidation activity is determined technically by means of at least one sensor,
at least one of an oxygen content and a nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter comprising a hydrocarbon oxidation activity is determined technically by means of at least one sensor or, alternatively, by calculation,
The oxygen content difference between the oxygen content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter and the oxygen content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter and the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter and the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter at least one of the nitrogen oxide content differences between
at least one characteristic value is determined from at least one of the oxygen content difference and the nitrogen oxide content difference, depending on the characteristic value, the internal combustion engine is operated to prevent damage to a catalytic converter comprising hydrocarbon oxidation activity how to do it 제1항에 있어서, 상기 산소 함량차 및 상기 질소 산화물 함량차 중 적어도 하나로부터, 상기 특성값으로서 상기 촉매 컨버터의 탄화수소 로딩, 탄화수소의 산화시 나타나는 상기 촉매 컨버터의 온도 상승 및 탄화수소의 연소 속도 중의 적어도 하나가 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.The hydrocarbon loading of the catalytic converter as the characteristic value from at least one of the oxygen content difference and the nitrogen oxide content difference, at least of a temperature rise of the catalytic converter exhibited upon oxidation of hydrocarbons and a combustion rate of hydrocarbons A method, characterized in that one is determined. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 특성값이 한계값보다 작으면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 변경되지 않고, 각각의 상기 특성값이 한계값보다 크면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 변경되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.3. The operation of the internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein if the characteristic value is less than a threshold value, the operation of the internal combustion engine is not changed depending on the characteristic value, and if each of the characteristic values is greater than the threshold value, the operation of the internal combustion engine is changed depending on the characteristic value. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 특성값이 하한값보다 작으면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 변경되지 않고, 각각의 상기 특성값이 하한값보다 크고 상한값보다 작으면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 제1 방식으로 변경되고, 각각의 상기 특성값이 상한값보다 크면, 내연기관의 작동은 상기 특성값에 의존해서 제2 방식으로 변경되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.3. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein if the characteristic value is less than the lower limit, the operation of the internal combustion engine does not change depending on the characteristic value, and if each of the characteristic values is greater than the lower limit and less than the upper limit, An operation of the internal combustion engine is changed in a first manner depending on the characteristic value, and if the respective characteristic value is greater than an upper limit value, the operation of the internal combustion engine is changed in a second manner depending on the characteristic value. 제4항에 있어서, 상기 각각의 특성값이 하한값보다 크고 상한값보다 작으면, 연료 분사량이 감소되고, 상기 각각의 특성값이 상한값보다 크면, 연소 공기량이 추가적으로 감소되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.5. The method according to claim 4, wherein when the respective characteristic values are greater than the lower limit and less than the upper limit, the fuel injection amount is reduced, and when the respective characteristic values are greater than the upper limit, the combustion air amount is further reduced. 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 적어도 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량이 NOx-센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되고, 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 질소 산화물 함량이 추가 NOx-센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되거나 또는 계산에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.3 . The NOx sensor according to claim 1 , wherein at least the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter is measured technically by means of a NOx sensor, and the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter is determined by means of a further NOx sensor. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is determined technically by measurement or determined by calculation. 제6항에 있어서, 추가적으로 촉매 컨버터의 하류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량이 람다 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되고, 촉매 컨버터의 상류의 배기가스 내 산소 함량이 추가 람다 센서에 의해 결정되거나, 공기 유량 센서에 의해 측정 기술적으로 결정되거나 또는 계산에 의해 결정되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the oxygen content in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalytic converter is determined technically by means of a lambda sensor, the oxygen content in the exhaust gas upstream of the catalytic converter is determined by means of a further lambda sensor, or an air flow sensor Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is determined technically by measurement or determined by calculation. 배기가스 후처리 시스템을 구비한 내연기관을 작동하기 위한 제어장치에 있어서,
제1항 또는 제2항에 따른 방법을 실시하기 위한 프로세서; 및
상기 적어도 하나의 센서와의 데이터 교환을 위한 데이터 인터페이스
를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 제어장치.A control device for operating an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas after-treatment system, the control device comprising:
a processor for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2; and
a data interface for exchanging data with the at least one sensor
Control device comprising a.
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