KR102260935B1 - High efficiency unitized regenerative fuel cell based on polymer electrolyte membrane, method of operating the same, and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present specification discloses a high-efficiency _{integrated renewable fuel cell based on a polymer electrolyte separator having high-efficiency hydrogen (H 2} ) production and power production capability, a method for operating the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Description

High-efficiency integrated renewable fuel cell based on polymer electrolyte separator, operation method thereof, and manufacturing method thereof

The present specification relates to a high-efficiency integrated renewable fuel cell based on a polymer electrolyte separator, an operating method thereof, and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, according to embodiments, the present specification uses a first electrode including a hydrophilic layer as an oxidizing electrode to secure high-performance water electrolysis (WE) performance, and use this as a fuel cell (Fuel Cell, WE) performance. By using it as an anode again during FC) operation, water clogging caused by a hydrophilic layer such as iridium oxide is improved, and by using a noble metal electrode optimized for fuel cell operation as a cathode, high-efficiency hydrogen ( H ₂ ) It relates to a unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) having production and power production capacity, a method for operating the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Alternative energy fuels to replace existing fossil fuels are one of the important solutions in overcoming the shortcomings of existing energy sources and transportation. However, alternative fuels should be environmentally friendly and clean green energy fuels that do not contribute to issues such as global warming. In this respect, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is spotlighted as a promising new and renewable energy technology in the 21st century for clean and efficient power generation. By definition, a fuel cell is an electrochemical device in which the chemical energy of a fuel is converted into electrical energy without direct combustion of the fuel. Thus, in a fuel cell system, the chemical energy associated with the electrochemical reaction of the fuel and the oxidizer is converted directly into water, electricity and heat. Fuel cells such as hydrogen, methanol, and ethanol may generally be used in the fuel cell. Among them, the fuel cell reaction using hydrogen as a fuel can be summarized as follows. At the anode, hydrogen is converted into hydrogen ions and electrons are emitted. These electrons move toward the cathode through an external circuit to generate an electric current, where oxygen is reduced and reacts with hydrogen ions provided from the anode to produce water. This is explained in the following way. (Non-Patent Document 1)

Anode: H ₂ → 2H ⁺ + 2e ^-

Cathode: O ₂ + 4H ⁺ + 4e ^- → 2H ₂ O

In order to operate a polymer membrane fuel cell system, fuel supply through stable hydrogen production is of utmost importance. Currently, hydrogen is mainly produced by steam reforming of natural gas, which is accompanied by significant carbon dioxide emissions. As a hydrogen production method that does not use carbon dioxide and fossil fuels, water electrolysis combined with a sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy source is being studied as a solution. Among the various water electrolysis technologies, water electrolysis with a polymer electrolyte membrane has many advantages, such as high purity hydrogen production, small system volume, and high production rate, and the production of hydrogen and oxygen is explained in the following way.

Anode: 2H ₂ O → 4H ⁺ + 4e ^- +O ₂

Cathode: 4H ⁺ + 4e ^- → 2H ₂

In general, an oxygen-generating anode for water electrolysis of a polymer electrolyte separator is manufactured by laminating a catalyst such as iridium or iridium oxide by spraying or sputtering. However, this method has a disadvantage in that the amount of precious metal used is large. Recently, a plating electrode that has dramatically reduced the amount of precious metal used and improved durability and performance has been applied and studied in a polymer electrolyte separator water electrolysis system. (Non-Patent Document 2)

However, the dualization of fuel cell power production and water electrolysis hydrogen production based on the same polymer electrolyte separator into a fuel cell device and a water electrolysis device requires additional device cost and facility site compared to the unification of power generation and hydrogen production. cause shortcomings From this point of view, the URFC based on the polymer electrolyte separator can be considered as an optimal hydrogen production and utilization system because hydrogen production and power generation are possible in one device. In URFC, electricity and hydrogen are produced by reciprocating energy conversion between fuel cell (FC) mode and water electrolysis (WE) mode as shown in the following reaction equation.

Fuel cell mode: 2H ₂ + O ₂ → 2H ₂ O

Water electrolysis mode: 2H ₂ O → 2H ₂ + O ₂

Hydrogen and oxygen produced in the water electrolysis mode of the URFC may be stored, and the stored hydrogen and oxygen may be reused as fuel to generate electricity in the fuel cell mode. However, in the process of unifying fuel cell and water electrolysis, URFC has a disadvantage that it has lower performance than the performance shown in the dual fuel cell and water electrolysis device. To overcome this, noble metal catalysts such as _{Pt and IrO 2 are dualized.} The disadvantage is that it is used more in the device. Therefore, URFC is (1) _{high cost of catalysts such as Pt and IrO 2} , (2) corrosion of carbon as a support when carbon is used as a support of catalyst for oxygen electrode, (3) movement of catalyst due to corrosion of carbon support It has limitations such as overcoagulation and (4) low FC mode performance compared to general polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance. (Non-patent document 3)

In particular, in order to overcome the limitations of (1) and (2) mentioned above, an electrode for water electrolysis in which _{iridium oxide (IrO 2 ) is electroplated on a titanium support has been developed.} It showed very low performance as it was used as an FC mode cathode electrode. This is because it causes water clogging in the electrode due to the superhydrophilic tendency of _{IrO 2 (Patent Documents 1 and 2).}

Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1884642 Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-1870209

Peighambardoust, S. Jamai, Soosan Rowshanzamir, and Mehdi Amjadi. "Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications." International journal of hydrogen energy 35.17 (2010): 9349-9384. Lee, Byung-Seok, et al. "Development of electrodeposited IrO2 electrodes as anodes in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 179 (2015): 285-291. Sadhasivam, T., et al. "A comprehensive review on unitized regenerative fuel cells: crucial challenges and developments." international journal of hydrogen energy 42.7 (2017): 4415-4433. Int. J. Hydro. Energy 41, 20650-20659 (2016) Int. J. Hydro. Energy 36, 4156-4163 (2011) Int. J. Hydro. Energy 36, 4164-4168 (2011) Int. J. Hydro. Energy 37, 13522-13528 (2012) J. Electrochem. Sci. Technol., 8(1), 7-14 (2017)

In embodiments of the present invention, not only high-performance water electrolysis operation is possible even with a small amount of precious metal loading, but also water discharge and management are smooth even in high humidification conditions in the fuel cell mode, thereby enabling high-performance fuel cell operation. A method of operating the same and a method of manufacturing the same are provided.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a first electrode comprising a hydrophilic layer; and a second electrode including a noble metal, wherein the first electrode is an anode during water electrolysis operation, an anode electrode during fuel cell operation, and the second electrode is a cathode electrode during water electrolysis operation, and a fuel cell It provides a membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell, characterized in that it is a cathode during operation.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated renewable fuel cell including the aforementioned membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method of operating an integrated renewable fuel cell, the integrated renewable fuel cell comprising: a first electrode including a hydrophilic layer; and a second electrode comprising a noble metal, wherein the operating method of the integrated regenerative fuel cell includes: a water electrolysis operation using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode; and a fuel cell operating step using the first electrode as an oxidizing electrode and using the second electrode as a reducing electrode.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing the aforementioned integrated membrane electrode assembly for a renewable fuel cell, comprising: manufacturing a first electrode; and manufacturing a second electrode, wherein the manufacturing of the first electrode includes forming a hydrophilic layer on a substrate. do.

According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a hydrophilic layer having high OER (Oxygen Evolution Reaction) properties is electroplated on a substrate to prevent corrosion of the substrate, and high performance water electrolysis (WE) mode operation even with a small precious metal loading amount Not only this is possible, but it is also used as a conductive support for the anode in the conventional fuel cell (FC) mode, and a noble metal electrode such as platinum/carbon, which has already been optimized for the fuel cell (FC) mode, is used as the cathode for ORR (Oxygen Reduction Reaction) In FC mode, water discharge and management are smooth even under high humidification conditions, enabling high-performance fuel cell operation.

1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a difference between an integrated renewable fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention and a conventional integrated renewable fuel cell.
2 is a result showing the performance difference between the integrated regenerative fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention and the conventional integrated regenerative fuel cell when the fuel cell (FC) is operated under various humidification conditions (black: the conventional integrated regenerative fuel cell) , red: driving mode according to the present invention).
3 is a graph showing the performance of the integrated renewable fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a graph showing the cycle efficiency compared to the catalyst loading of the integrated renewable fuel cell ([6] KIST (2019)) according to an embodiment of the present invention and the integrated renewable fuel cell ([1] to [5]) according to other prior documents. is the result of comparison.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiments of the present invention disclosed in the text are exemplified for the purpose of explanation only, and the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described in the text. .

The present invention can make various changes and can have various forms, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention to a specific disclosed form, and all changes, equivalents or substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention should be understood as including

In the present specification, when a part "includes" a certain component, this means that other components may be further included, rather than excluding other components, unless otherwise stated.

All-in-one renewable fuel cell

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a first electrode comprising a hydrophilic layer; and a second electrode including a noble metal, wherein the first electrode is an anode during water electrolysis operation, an anode electrode during fuel cell operation, and the second electrode is a cathode electrode during water electrolysis operation, and a fuel cell It provides a membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell, characterized in that it is a cathode during operation.

In an exemplary embodiment, the hydrophilic layer is a catalyst having good OER activity, and may include iridium oxide, iridium, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, etc. formed on a titanium substrate, which is particularly acidic such as the fuel cell operating conditions of the present invention. It is known that OER activity is excellent in

In addition, the noble metal of the second electrode may be platinum (Pt) or Pt ₃ Ni, Pt ₃ Co, or Pt ₃ Fe, and a Pd alloy having excellent ORR activity as much as Pt (Pd-M (M = Co, Fe, Ni, Cr) , Mn, Ti, V, Sn, Cu, Ir, Ag, Rh, Au, Pt))), and NiMo, CoMo, NiW, NiMoCo, which is a good HER catalyst for hydrogen generation in water electrolysis as a material for the second electrode , NiMoFe, etc. may be used.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first electrode is a titanium substrate and IrO _{2 formed on the titanium substrate} layer, and the second electrode may include a carbon substrate and a platinum (Pt) layer formed on the carbon substrate.

_{1, the conventional IrO 2} OER (Oxygen Evolution Reaction) electrode plated on a titanium support is an ORR (Oxygen Reduction Reaction) electrode in FC mode during fuel cell (hereinafter, FC) operation of an existing integrated renewable fuel cell (hereinafter, URFC). ) as an electrode, it additionally requires a large amount of a noble metal catalyst such as Pt because the overvoltage of the ORR is large. In addition, the cathode has a disadvantage in that the water vapor of 100% RH contained in the generated water and gas causes a water flooding phenomenon in the electrode due to the hydrophilic properties of the hydrophilic layer such as _{IrO 2, resulting in a large increase in mass transfer resistance,} This caused a significant drop in performance in FC mode.

Accordingly, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the amount of precious metal such as Pt is used through the _{IrO 2} OER electrode plated on the titanium support by applying as an oxidation electrode (HOR electrode, hydrogen oxidation reaction) differently from the conventional method in the FC mode of the URFC. At the same time, it is possible to relatively reduce the clogging of the water in the electrode, and since the hydrogen is relatively small in size, the mass transfer load due to the clogging of the water is also relatively small.

In addition, Pt/C based on a carbon substrate (gas diffusion layer) optimized for the FC mode, which is easy to drain water, can be used for the cathode, thereby maximizing the performance in the FC mode. Therefore, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) according to an embodiment of the present invention can implement a URFC having high WE and FC performance even with a small amount of noble metal catalyst used.

In an exemplary embodiment, the titanium substrate is a titanium gas diffusion layer, and may be titanium paper made of titanium fibers, and the IrO ₂ layer may be formed on the titanium substrate by electroplating.

In an exemplary embodiment, the weight of the hydrophilic layer may be ^{0.15 to 1 mg/cm 2 .}

In an exemplary embodiment, the first electrode may _{further include a platinum (Pt black) layer on the IrO 2} layer, which may be formed by a spray method. Specifically, spraying Pt Black on the separation membrane _{and combining it with ED-IrO 2} on Ti paper (so that the Pt side contacts the ED-IrO ₂ side) may be performed. Alternatively, ED-IrO ₂ on Ti paper may be carried out by directly spraying Pt Black, but is not limited thereto.

The platinum (Pt black) layer may include a Pt black catalyst, not Pt/C, in order to prevent carbon corrosion due to high voltage applied during water electrolysis operation, and the weight of the Pt black catalyst is 0.05 to 0.8 mg/cm ² can be

In the Pt/ED-IrO ₂ on Ti paper electrode, the effect of the Pt content is not so great in the WE mode, but in the FC mode, the performance generally increases as the content increases, and the performance tends to decrease as the content decreases. However, according to one embodiment of the present invention, since it is used for the oxidation electrode (HOR, hydrogen reduction), the performance change according to the Pt content in the FC mode is small, so that the amount of Pt used can be reduced.

In an exemplary embodiment, IrO _{2 of the first electrode} The weight of the layer may be from 0.05 to 5 mg/cm ² , for example from 0.15 to 2 mg/cm ² , and preferably from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/cm ² .

Regarding the weight of the IrO ₂ layer, the performance of Pt/ED-IrO ₂ on Ti paper electrode tends to increase as the content increases, and the performance tends to decrease as the content increases in the case of spray-type coating in the WE mode. have. However, as in the present invention, when IrO ₂ is formed too thickly in the electroplating, the performance may be deteriorated. Therefore, it is possible to exceed the case when the content of IrO ₂ is less than 0.05 mg / cm ² and 0.7 mg / cm ² in an electroplating both reduced performance. In FC mode, it is thought that performance will decrease when it exceeds ^{0.7 mg/cm 2} due to the hydrophilic nature _{of IrO 2 .}

In an exemplary embodiment, the carbon substrate of the second electrode is a carbon gas diffusion layer, and may be carbon paper made of carbon fibers, and the platinum (Pt) layer may be formed on the carbon substrate by a spray method.

Pt/C on Cabon paper can be manufactured by spraying, not by electroplating. At this time, it may be carried out by a method of directly spraying Pt/C on carbon paper or a method of spraying Pt/C on a separator and combining it with carbon paper, but is not limited thereto.

In an exemplary embodiment, the weight of the platinum (Pt) layer of the second electrode may be 0.1 to 0.7 mg/cm ² , for example 0.2 to 0.6 mg/cm ² or 0.3 to 0.5 mg/cm ² . In this case, the platinum (Pt) may be Pt/C. Since the second electrode is a Pt/C on carbon paper electrode, in general, as the Pt content (loading amount) increases in the WE mode or FC mode in the corresponding electrode, the performance may be continuously increased. However, the performance increase gradually decreases and the performance does not increase significantly compared to the amount of loading, so the price competitiveness is very low.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide an integrated renewable fuel cell including the aforementioned membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell.

How to operate an integrated renewable fuel cell

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating an integrated renewable fuel cell, the integrated renewable fuel cell comprising: a first electrode including a hydrophilic layer; and a second electrode comprising a noble metal, wherein the operating method of the integrated regenerative fuel cell includes: a water electrolysis operation using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode; and a fuel cell operating step using the first electrode as an oxidizing electrode and using the second electrode as a reducing electrode.

_{In an exemplary embodiment, the nitrogen (N 2} ) purging may be performed between the water electrolysis (WE) operation step and the fuel cell (FC) operation phase or between the fuel cell (FC) operation phase and the water electrolysis (WE) operation phase. can

In an exemplary embodiment, the first electrode is a titanium substrate and IrO _{2 formed on the titanium substrate} layer, and the second electrode may include a carbon substrate and a platinum (Pt) layer formed on the carbon substrate.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as described above, a driving method in which the electrode used as the anode/reduction electrode during the water electrolysis operation is used as the anode and the cathode when the fuel cell is driven may be applied.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the conventional operating method mainly used is a method in which an electrode used as an oxidation (OER) electrode in the WE mode is used as a reduction (ORR) electrode in the FC mode. Since the overvoltage of the ORR is large, a large amount of precious metal It requires a Pt catalyst. In addition, due to the strong hydrophilic property of the plated electrode used as the OER electrode, the fuel cell performance is degraded due to adverse effects such as flooding of water in the electrode.

Therefore, in the driving method used in the present invention, the electrode used as the OER electrode in the WE mode is used as the HOR electrode in the FC mode, thereby reducing the content of the noble metal Pt catalyst and solving the problem of water flooding in the electrode. performance was obtained.

In an exemplary embodiment, the integrated renewable fuel cell may be operated at 80° C., and may be operated at 0.2 V to 2 V.

Manufacturing method of membrane electrode assembly for integrated renewable fuel cell

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing the aforementioned integrated membrane electrode assembly for a renewable fuel cell, comprising: manufacturing a first electrode; and manufacturing a second electrode, wherein the manufacturing of the first electrode comprises: _{forming an IrO 2} layer on a titanium substrate by electroplating; and manufacturing the second electrode provides a method for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell, including; forming a platinum (Pt) layer on a carbon substrate by a spray method.

In an exemplary embodiment, the manufacturing of the first electrode may further include forming a platinum (Pt black) layer on _{the IrO 2 layer by a spray method.}

In exemplary embodiments, in _{the step of forming the IrO 2} layer on the titanium substrate by electroplating, at least one of a plating current and a plating time may be adjusted.

In example embodiments, the plating current may be 1 mA cm ^-2 to 5 mA cm ^-2 . The current density flowing during plating is in the ^{range of current density of 2~3 mA cm - 2,} and if too much current flows, the plating layer becomes thick and cracks occur in the catalyst layer at the same time, and the water electrolysis performance may deteriorate. It is not done well (catalyst layer is not raised enough), and performance may be degraded.

In example embodiments, the plating time may be 30 seconds to 15 minutes. If the plating time is less than 30 seconds, plating may not be sufficiently performed, and if the plating time is longer than 15 minutes, performance does not increase in proportion to the amount of noble metal any more, so unnecessary costs may be spent.

The present invention will be described in more detail through the following practice. However, the examples are provided to illustrate the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example

<Production of electrode and membrane-electrode assembly (MEA)>

In manufacturing the first electrode, iridium oxide (IrO ₂ ), which is an OER catalyst, was supported on a titanium gas diffusion layer by plating (Non-Patent Document 2).

Specifically, a solution for electroplating was prepared by adding iridium tetrachloride, oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium carbonate to water and stirring for 3 days. Then, the titanium gas diffusion layer was immersed in the solution, and plating was performed at 0.7 V (vs. SCE) for 10 minutes. Pt Black catalyst for HOR was applied on Nafion membrane by spray method.

In addition, _{since a high voltage is applied to the electrode plated with IrO 2} during water electrolysis operation, carbon corrosion may occur. Therefore, a Pt black catalyst, not a Pt/C catalyst, was applied ^{by spraying in an amount of 0.6 to 0.1 mg/cm 2 .}

^{Specifically, in FIG. 2 , 0.6 mg/cm 2} of Pt was applied to the first electrode in both the existing driving method and the new driving method, and 0.4 mg/cm ² of Pt was loaded on the second electrode. In FIGS. 3 and 4 , 0.1 mg/cm ² of Pt was applied to the first electrode, and 0.4 mg/cm ² of Pt was loaded on the second electrode.

In preparing the second electrode, a carbon gas diffusion layer (39 BC) was used, and a Pt/C catalyst of 0.4 mg/cm ^{2 was} applied on the membrane.

After the first electrode and the second electrode were manufactured, Nafion 212 was placed between the two electrodes and hot pressing was performed at 120° C. for 1 minute at a pressure of 2.7 Mpa.

<Polymer electrolyte fuel cell ( PEMFC , Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell) and water electrolysis in mode Driving>

The unit cell prepared in Example was heated to 80°C. In FC mode, relative humidity was controlled, and oxygen was supplied to the cathode and hydrogen was supplied to the anode at 400 ml/min. Then, the fuel cell performance was evaluated through the voltage-current density curve.

In the WE mode, the unit cell temperature was maintained at 80° C. and distilled water was supplied to the anode at 15 ml/min. The temperature of the water during supply was 50 °C, and the temperature of the line heater in the passage through which the supplied water passed was adjusted to 85 °C. Thereafter, the water electrolysis performance was evaluated through the voltage-current density curve.

Experimental example - two Comparison of fuel cell performance by driving method

As shown in FIG. 2 , using the integrated renewable fuel cell manufactured in Example, the performance of the fuel cell was measured under two conditions of RH 100% and RH 65% in two operating methods. A _{case in which the electrode plated with IrO 2} was used as an anode was denoted as Ti_An, and a case in which it was used as a cathode was denoted as Ti_Ca.

Referring to FIG. 2 , in the case of Ti_Ca, which is a conventional operation method, oxygen is supplied at a relative humidity of 100 (RH 100%), but the reaction does not occur because water does not access the catalyst, and the fuel cell performance is hardly produced. On the other hand, when the relative humidity was reduced to 65 (RH 65%), the performance increased rapidly.

However, when Ti_An operation was introduced, the water clogging problem at 100% RH caused by the hydrophilicity problem of the electrode was solved, and at the same time, the performance was very excellent by using the carbon gas diffusion layer optimized for fuel cell operation. When the humidity was lowered to RH 65% under the same operation method, the performance decreased compared to RH 100% due to the decrease in the ionic conductivity of the membrane. However, it was confirmed that the performance was still higher than that of the Ti_Ca driving method.

Experimental example - Integrated regenerative fuel cell performance results

The Pt catalyst used in FIG. 2 was 0.6 mg/cm ² , and an excess amount of Pt was used for use as a cathode in a fuel cell, but in FIGS. 3 and 4, when used as an anode, the catalyst loading amount can be reduced, so 0.1 mg /cm ^{2 was} used to obtain integrated regenerative fuel cell performance ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ).

The noble metal catalyst loading amount used in FIGS. 3 and 4 is 0.15 mg/cm ^{2 of} iridium oxide in the first electrode, 0.1 mg/cm ² of Pt, and 0.4 mg/cm ² of Pt/C in the second electrode, totaling 0.65 mg/cm ² . As a result of water electrolysis and fuel cell performance measurement, the circulation efficiency was 51.4% at ^{0.4 A/cm -2.}

The results of comparing the experimental results (indicated by [6] in FIG. 4) with the performance of the integrated regenerative fuel cell (indicated by [1] to [5] in FIG. 4) according to other prior documents are shown in FIG. Specifically, the prior literature [1] Int . J. Hydro. Energy 41, 20650-20659 (2016), [2] Int . J. Hydro. Energy 36, 4156-4163 (2011), [3] Int . J. Hydro. Energy 36, 4164-4168 (2011), [4] Int . J. Hydro. Energy 37, 13522-13528 (2012), [5] J. Electrochem . Sci . Technol ., 8(1), 7-14 (2017).

Referring to FIG. 4 , the performance of the integrated regenerative fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention is similar to or superior to that ^{of the conventional 2-5 mg/cm 2 noble metal catalyst.}

Claims (18)

a first electrode comprising a hydrophilic layer; and
A second electrode comprising a noble metal; as comprising,
The first electrode is an anode during water electrolysis operation, and an anode electrode during fuel cell operation,
The second electrode is a reduction electrode during water electrolysis operation, and a reduction electrode during fuel cell operation,
The first electrode comprises a titanium substrate and an IrO ₂ layer formed on the titanium substrate,
The second electrode includes a carbon substrate and a platinum (Pt) layer formed on the carbon substrate,
The first electrode further comprises a platinum (Pt black) layer on _{the IrO 2 layer,}
Platinum (Pt) of the second electrode is Pt/C, a membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell. delete delete According to claim 1,
The weight of the hydrophilic layer is 0.15 to 1 mg/cm ^{2 A} membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell, characterized in that it is. According to claim 1,
The IrO ₂ The weight of the layer is 0.05 to 5 mg/cm ^{2 A} membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell, characterized in that. According to claim 1,
The platinum (Pt black) layer includes a Pt black catalyst, and the weight of the Pt black catalyst is 0.05 to 0.8 mg/cm ^{2 A} membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell, characterized in that it is. According to claim 1,
The weight of the platinum (Pt) layer is 0.1 to 0.7 mg/cm ^{2 A} membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell, characterized in that it is. An integrated renewable fuel cell comprising the membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7. A method of operating an integrated renewable fuel cell, comprising:
The integrated renewable fuel cell may include a first electrode including a hydrophilic layer; and a second electrode comprising a noble metal;
The operating method of the integrated renewable fuel cell,
a water electrolysis operation using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode; and
a fuel cell operation step using the first electrode as an anode and the second electrode as a cathode;
The first electrode comprises a titanium substrate and an IrO ₂ layer formed on the titanium substrate,
The second electrode includes a carbon substrate and a platinum (Pt) layer formed on the carbon substrate,
The first electrode further comprises a platinum (Pt black) layer on _{the IrO 2 layer,}
The platinum (Pt) of the second electrode is Pt/C, the integrated renewable fuel cell operating method. delete delete 10. The method of claim 9,
The weight of the hydrophilic layer is 0.15 to 1 mg/cm ² An integrated renewable fuel cell operating method, characterized in that. 10. The method of claim 9,
The IrO ₂ The weight of the layer is 0.05 to 5 mg/cm ² An integrated renewable fuel cell operating method, characterized in that. 10. The method of claim 9,
The platinum (Pt black) layer includes a Pt black catalyst, and the weight of the Pt black catalyst is 0.05 to 0.8 mg/cm ² , An integrated renewable fuel cell operating method. 10. The method of claim 9,
The weight of the platinum (Pt) layer is 0.1 to 0.7 mg/cm ^{2 The} integrated renewable fuel cell operating method, characterized in that. 8. A method for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly for an integrated renewable fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 and 4 to 7, comprising:
manufacturing a first electrode; and
Including; manufacturing a second electrode;
The manufacturing of the first electrode comprises: _{forming an IrO 2} layer on a titanium substrate by electroplating;
The manufacturing of the second electrode includes: forming a platinum (Pt) layer on a carbon substrate by a spray method;
The manufacturing of the first electrode comprises: _{forming a platinum (Pt black) layer on the IrO 2} layer by a spray method; further comprising, a method for manufacturing an integrated membrane electrode assembly for a renewable fuel cell. delete delete

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