KR102237691B1 - gasification system for biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biomass gasification system. The biomass gasification system includes: a gas generator (210) that combusts and gasifies a biomass chip; a heat source supply unit (220) formed inside the gas generator (210) to combust the biomass chip; an ash removal unit (230) mounted on a lower side of the heat source supply unit (220) to smoothly discharge ash, which is generated after combustion, to a lower portion; and an ash discharge unit (250) to discharge the ash dropped from the ash removal unit (230) to the outside. The heat source supply unit (220) is configured to simultaneously spray heat by forming air nozzles (221) toward the central portion of the combustion unit (212) of the gas generator (210) and forming a steam nozzle (224) between air nozzles (221). Accordingly, the biomass gasification is stably performed, the productivity is improved, and the cyclone is removed. Therefore, manufacturing and maintenance costs may be reduced, so the competitiveness is significantly improved.

Description

Biomass gasification system {gasification system for biomass}

The present invention relates to a biomass gasification system, and more particularly, to a biomass gasification system capable of efficiently gasifying biomass and improving productivity at the same time.

The fuel that led industrialization for the first time was not wood that mankind has been using for a long time, but coal that has stronger thermal power and can be easily collected in large quantities, followed by oil and natural gas, which are important sources of energy that mankind can use. Has been.

However, these resources, commonly referred to as fossil fuels, not only cause various environmental pollution, but are now depleted, and the development of new energy sources is urgent.

In this situation, biomass, energy produced by recycling biological organic resources such as wood, which was mainly used in the past, such as wood, crops, algae, plankton, and biological waste, is chemical fuel due to irreversible consumption of resources and accumulation of carbon dioxide. Technology related to this is being researched as it is useful as a renewable resource in the future that can be used instead.

Moreover, in the use of biomass, the gasification method that produces high-quality fuel with high efficiency consisting of gases other than the combustion method or liquid bio-oil, when applied to the power generation system, produces less carbon dioxide emissions and pollution to the outside. It can be said to be a highly anticipated field as a way to reduce material emissions.

Biomass used for gasification and decomposition power generation is unused wood-based and herbaceous systems, including waste wood and its by-products, and tropical agricultural by-products such as palm oil extraction waste, coconut husk, rice husk, and corn stalk. In terms of carbon-neutral energy, recently attracting great attention, its usage performance continues to increase in the fields of processing agricultural products to turn them into liquid fuels and in the fields of heat energy recovery by direct combustion.

In particular, in the field of heat energy recovery, it has been a method used by mankind for thousands of years, and recently, biomass has been used as a raw material for cogeneration, replacing fossil fuels to produce electricity and heat.

On the other hand, compared to the method of co-generation with steam produced by directly burning biomass, the biomass gasification and decomposition device produces the synthetic gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by incomplete combustion and uses it as fuel for the engine generator. Because it can be produced, biomass is abundant, but in rural or remote villages in tropical agricultural countries where electric energy is insufficient, gasification is a way to obtain electricity easily. It is a useful technique that attracts attention from the side.

The biggest problem of the biomass gasification and decomposition device that is simply manufactured on a small scale is that the shape of the raw material is very diverse depending on the pretreatment method as well as the shape of the biomass itself, and there is no flow due to strong frictional force, and the change in heat capacity due to various densities As an unspecified factor in controlling the rate of input of raw materials and the discharge of burned ash in the gasification decomposition device, it hinders the maintenance of the accurate operation speed, and for this reason, it has been a major obstacle to the commercialization of gasification power generation devices.

Existing biomass gasification and decomposition devices are largely introduced into three classification methods according to the flow method of the combustion gas. The first method is a down draft method, in a small device that uses less raw materials, the flow of the combustion gas escapes from the top to the bottom, and the high-temperature contact time and the contact effect with unreacted carbon are lengthened, so that carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide. The emphasis is on making this work well.

The second method is called the up-draft method. In a large-scale (normally 1MW or more) device where a large amount of raw materials are used, the flue gas flow naturally flows from the bottom to the top, allowing a large amount of air to easily pass through the gasification and decomposition unit. Therefore, instead of making the combustion speed faster, a design has been mainly proposed in which tar with a large amount of production can be refined at the rear stage.

As a third method, fluid bubbled gasification (FBG) has been proposed in order to burn large quantities of materials with low specific gravity such as rice husk and sawdust.

Conventional techniques mainly include air supply and combustion chamber design method to improve combustion performance (Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-0955591, Korea Rural Development Administration), and a method of effectively removing tar generated during combustion (Korean Utility Model Publication No. 20-0448329, Kang Kyung-ho), a method of improving the efficiency by reforming the generated tar with steam (Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0784851, Korea Institute of Energy Research), a two-stage combustion method that provides high thermal efficiency (Korean Patent Publication) No. 10-2006-0044509, Zaidan Hosing Denryokuchuokkenkyusho), as well as gasification devices and power generation devices that have already developed various technologies, and in order to form them into one more efficient system, they produce high-quality gas and effectively reduce waste heat. There has been a continuous demand for the development of advanced technology to use and to effectively circulate cooling water.

Accordingly, the main object of the present invention is to provide a biomass gasification system that can stably perform biomass gasification and at the same time improve productivity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass gasification system capable of greatly improving competitiveness by efficiently forming a structure to remove a cyclone, thereby reducing the cost associated with manufacturing and maintenance.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass gasification system capable of supplying steam by efficiently heating constant water while suppressing fire hazards so as to operate safely.

In order to achieve the above object, the biomass gasification system of the present invention includes a gas generator for burning biomass chips to gasify, a heat source supply unit formed inside the gas generator to burn the biomass chips, and a lower side of the heat source supply unit. It is installed in the ash removal unit for smoothly discharging the ash generated after combustion to the lower side, and an ash discharge unit for discharging the ash that has fallen from the ash removal unit to the outside, wherein the heat source supply unit comprises a central part of the combustion unit of the gas generator. It is a basic feature of the technical construction that the air nozzle is formed facing and a steam nozzle is formed between the air nozzles to be simultaneously sprayed.

Therefore, the biomass gasification system of the present invention remarkably reduces the risk of fire due to simultaneous direct injection of air and steam since it burns the biomass chips with high-temperature air through the air nozzle and at the same time injects high-temperature steam through the steam nozzle. In addition, since a steam generator is formed on the lower side of the multi-pipe assembly to efficiently heat exchange with the gas generated in the combustion section, water can be efficiently heated without a separate heating device, and a plurality of gas passages are formed between the upper and lower plates. An air passage is formed outside to facilitate heat exchange, and a guide screw is inserted into the gas passage to collide the remaining ash in the gas to the screw and fall to the bottom, and at the same time, the high-temperature gas passes through the guide screw inserted into the gas passage. It has the effect of inducing sufficient heat exchange by increasing the time.

1 is a perspective view showing a biomass gasification system according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a front view showing a biomass gasification system according to the present invention.
3 is a plan view showing a biomass gasification system according to the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing a biomass gasification system according to the present invention.
5 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing a biomass gasification system according to the present invention.
6 is a detailed view showing a heat exchanger of the biomass gasification system according to the present invention.
7 is a detailed view showing a multi-pipe assembly of the biomass gasification system according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the biomass gasification system 1 of the present invention includes a fuel supply unit 100 that continuously transfers and quantitatively supplies a predetermined amount of biomass chips, and is supplied from the fuel supply unit 100 A gas generating unit 200 for gasifying and decomposing the received biomass chips, a heat exchange unit 300 for efficiently recovering thermal energy by communicating with the gas generating unit 200, and the gas discharged from the heat exchange unit 300. It consists of a biomass gas discharge unit 400 to filter.

The fuel supply unit 100 communicates with a fuel tank 110 for storing and supplying biomass chips, a fuel discharge pipe 120 for discharging the biomass chips of the fuel tank 110, and the fuel discharge pipe 120. A fuel transfer pipe 130 for moving the biomass chips to a predetermined height, and a fixed amount feeder 142 while communicating with the upper portion of the fuel transfer pipe 130 to sequentially supply a predetermined amount of biomass chips to the gas generator 200 It is preferable to configure the fuel input pipe 140 to be injected into the.

Since the fuel tank 110 has a guide plate 111 having an inclined surface in a V (V) shape at the bottom, the stored biomass chips can be guided to the center.

The fuel discharge pipe 120 is installed in the longitudinal direction in the groove of the V-shaped guide plate 111, but penetrates the fuel tank 110 and at the same time opens the inner upper part of the fuel tank 110 so that the guide plate 111 The induced biomass chips are smoothly introduced into the fuel discharge pipe 120.

Here, a discharge screw 121 is provided inside the fuel discharge pipe 120 so that the biomass chip can be easily discharged to the outside by rotating it, but at one end of the discharge screw 121, the discharge screw 121 is rotated. Combine the controlling motor.

The fuel transfer pipe 130 communicates with the discharge side of the fuel discharge pipe 120 so as to be inclined, but has a transfer screw 131 therein and rotates the biomass chips discharged from the fuel discharge pipe 120 to a constant level. A motor that controls the rotation of the transfer screw 131 is coupled to one end of the transfer screw 131 so that it can be easily transferred to the height.

The fuel input pipe 140 is horizontally connected to the upper side of the fuel transfer pipe 130 and the other side is positioned above the gas generator 210 of the gas generator 200, but vertically couples the quantitative feeder 142 To communicate with the gas generator 210.

Further, the fuel input pipe 140 is provided with an input screw 141 and rotates the biomass chip transferred from the fuel transfer pipe 130 through the quantitative feeder 142 to the upper side of the gas generator 210. However, a motor that controls the rotation of the input screw 141 is coupled to one end of the input screw 141.

The gas generator 200 includes a gas generator 210 for burning and loading biomass chips, a heat source supply unit 220 formed inside the gas generator 210 to burn the biomass chips, and the heat source supply unit. An ash removal unit 230 that is installed on the lower side of 220 to smoothly discharge the ash generated after combustion to the lower side, and an ash discharge unit 250 that discharges the ash that has fallen from the ash removal unit 230 to the outside. It consists of.

The gas generator 210 forms a chip loading part 211 for sufficiently storing the biomass chips supplied from the fuel input pipe 140 at the upper part by forming the interior of the housing with an upper light and lower side, and a combustion part 212 at the center. ) To create a gas by burning the biomass chip while concentrating the biomass chip, but it is ideal to form an ash guide part 213 under the combustion part 212.

The heat source supply unit 220 sequentially forms a plurality of air nozzles 221 facing the center of the combustion unit 212 of the gas generator 210 to inject high-temperature air, and a combustion unit between the air nozzles 221 ( By forming a steam nozzle 224 facing the center of 212), it is possible to safely burn the biomass chip even at high temperatures and to efficiently generate gas.

Here, an annular air chamber 222 is formed under the air nozzle 221, and the air chamber 222 and each of the air nozzles 221 are connected and communicated with the air supply pipe 223, and the steam nozzle 224 An annular steam chamber 225 is formed on the lower side, and the steam chamber 225 and each of the steam nozzles 224 are connected to each other through a steam supply pipe 226 to communicate with each other.

The ash removal unit 230 smoothly discharges ash generated after combustion from the lower side of the combustion unit 212 to the lower side.

The ash discharge unit 250 forms a guide plate 252 having an inclined surface in the shape of a Vja under the ash guide unit 213 of the gas generator 210 to guide ash due to combustion of the biomass chip to the center. However, by installing a discharge screw 251 in the longitudinal direction in the groove portion of the V-shaped guide plate 252 so that the ash can be smoothly discharged to the outside.

In addition, the discharge screw 251 penetrates the ash guide part 213 of the gas generator 210 and couples a motor to control the rotation of the discharge screw 251 at one end, and a discharge pipe 253 is formed at the other side. desirable.

The heat exchange unit 300 forms a heat exchange housing 310 in which the lower part is in communication with the gas generating unit 200 and a plurality of ducts formed inside the heat exchange housing 310 to exchange heat with air and gas, but the upper and lower sides are conduit paths. A multi-conduit assembly 320 communicating with, a steam generating unit 330 for exchanging heat with a product gas under the multi-conduit assembly 320, and a guide screw 342 in the conduit of the steam generating unit 330 It consists of a guide portion 340 to be inserted.

The heat exchange housing 310 communicates with the lower part of the gas generator 210 of the gas generator 200 through a connection duct 311 to smoothly transfer the gas produced by combustion of biomass chips, and the heat source supply pipe 312 A superheat source inlet pipe 313 is provided, but the heat source supply pipe 312 is communicated with the air chamber 222 of the heat source supply unit 220.

The multi-conduit assembly 320 combines the upper and lower plates 321 on the inner upper and lower sides of the heat exchange housing 310, and forms a plurality of gas passages 322 between the upper and lower plates 321, thereby forming a plurality of gas passages 322 for heat exchange. The upper and lower portions of the housing 310 are sufficiently communicated.

Further, the multi-conduit assembly 320 forms an air passage 324 by staggering the guide plates 323 in a plurality of conduits between the upper and lower plates 321 to form an air passage 324, but the heat source supply pipe 312 is located at the lower side. The heat source inlet pipe 313 is positioned on the upper side to communicate with each other.

The steam generation unit 330 installs a heat exchange line 332 under the multi-pipe assembly 320, but the heat exchange line 332 is bent to block, so that the steam can be generated and supplied smoothly by exchanging heat with the generated gas quickly and efficiently. To be there.

Here, the inlet pipe 331 for supplying water is communicated to the heat exchange line 332 and the supply pipe 333 is communicated to the steam chamber 225 of the heat source supply unit 220 so that steam can be efficiently supplied.

The guide part 340 installs a guide screw 342 in each of the gas passages 322 of the multi-pipe assembly 320 so that the residual ash in the generated gas collides with the screw and falls to the bottom. The passage time is increased to induce sufficient heat exchange, but a support assembly 341 is provided on the upper end of the guide screw 342 so that a plurality of them can be uniformly coupled.
A biomass gas discharge unit 400 for filtering the discharged gas is connected to the heat exchange unit 300 to filter the gas and heat exchange at the same time, so that thermal energy and the like can be used in various ways.

The operation of the gasification system 1 of the present invention will be described as follows.

First, an appropriate amount of biomass chips from the fuel tank 110 through the fuel discharge pipe 120, the fuel transfer pipe 130, the fuel input pipe 140, and the quantitative injector 142 are transferred to the chip loading part of the gas generator 210. At the same time as it is loaded in (211), it should be able to supply continuously.

Here, the biomass chip is accurately and smoothly transferred by the discharge screw 121, the transfer screw 131, and the input screw 141, and the biomass chip is accurately and smoothly transferred through the quantitative feeder 142, and the chip of the gas generator 210 is loaded. It is to be supplied to the unit 211.

In this state, the heat source supply unit 220 is controlled to inject high-temperature air through the air nozzle 221 to burn the loaded biomass chips.

At the same time, high-temperature steam is injected through the steam nozzle 224 to prevent the occurrence of fire due to high temperature.

Moreover, if the temperature of the combustion unit 212 is maintained at 940°C to 950°C, high-temperature steam is supplied to reduce the oxygen concentration even if the biomass chip is continuously combusted. It is possible to significantly reduce the risk of fire by directly injecting hot air and steam to the unit 212 at the same time.

Next, the ash falling from the ash removal unit 230 formed on the lower side of the combustion unit 212 is collected by the guide plate 252 having an inclined surface in a Vja shape to the discharge screw 251 in the center. The ash can be smoothly discharged to the outside by the operation of (251).

On the other hand, the heat exchange housing 310 and the gas generator 210 are communicated with each other to smoothly transfer the gas produced by biomass chip combustion, as well as the multi-pipe assembly 320 installed inside the heat exchange housing 310. Since the steam generation unit 330 is formed on the lower side to heat-exchange the gas generated by the combustion unit 212 and the heat exchange line 332 of the steam generation unit 330, water can be efficiently heated without a separate heating device. Make it possible to provide steam.

Further, the guide plates 323 are formed in zigzags of the outer peripheries of the plurality of gas passages 322 between the upper and lower plates 321 of the heat exchange housing 310 to form the air passages 324 so that heat exchange can be efficiently induced. do.

In particular, the guide screw 342 is installed in each of the gas passages 322 of the multi-pipe assembly 320 to collide the generated gas with the remaining ash into the screw so that it falls down, so that a high-quality gas can be supplied without a cyclone.

In addition, the high-temperature gas passage time is increased by the guide screw 342 inserted into the gas passage 322 so that sufficient heat exchange can be performed.

In the above description, the present invention has been illustrated and described in connection with specific embodiments, but it is understood that various modifications and changes are possible within the scope of the spirit and scope of the invention indicated by the claims. Anyone who has it will be easy to know.

1: gasification system 100: fuel supply
110: fuel tank 111: guide plate
120: fuel discharge pipe 121: discharge screw
130: fuel transfer pipe 131: transfer screw
140: fuel input pipe 141: input screw
142: quantitative injector 200: gas generator
210: gas generator 211: chip loading portion
212: combustion part 213: ash guide part
220: heat source supply unit 221: air nozzle
222: air chamber 223: air supply pipe
224: steam nozzle 225: steam chamber
226: steam supply pipe 230: ash removal unit
250: ash discharge unit 251: discharge screw
252: guide plate 253: outlet
300: heat exchange unit 310: heat exchange housing
311: connection duct 312: heat source supply pipe
313: heat source inlet pipe 320: multi-pipe assembly
321: upper and lower plate 322: gas passage
323: guide plate 324: air passage
330: steam generating unit 331: inlet pipe
332: heat exchange line 333: supply pipe
340: guide part 341: support assembly
342: guide screw 400: gas discharge unit

Claims (6)

A fuel supply unit 100 for supplying a biomass chip, a gas generation unit 200 for gasifying and decomposing the biomass chip supplied from the fuel supply unit 100, and the gas generation unit 200 to transmit thermal energy. Consisting of a heat exchange unit 300 that efficiently recovers, and a biomass gas discharge unit 400 that filters the gas discharged from the heat exchange unit 300,

The fuel supply unit 100 communicates with a fuel tank 110 for storing and supplying biomass chips, a fuel discharge pipe 120 for discharging the biomass chips of the fuel tank 110, and the fuel discharge pipe 120. A fuel transfer pipe 130 for moving the biomass chips to a certain height, and a fixed amount feeder 142 connected to the upper portion of the fuel transfer pipe 130 to sequentially supply a predetermined amount of biomass chips to the gas generator 200 It consists of a fuel input pipe 140 to be injected into,
The fuel tank 110 forms a guide plate 111 having a V-shaped inclined surface at the bottom, and a fuel discharge pipe 120 having a discharge screw 121 in a central groove portion of the guide plate 111, and , The fuel transfer pipe 130 is formed to be inclined by communicating with the discharge side of the fuel discharge pipe 120 to the lower part, but has a transfer screw 131 therein, and the fuel input pipe 140 has one side of the fuel transfer pipe ( 130) is horizontally communicated with the gas generator 210 of the gas generator 200 on the other side, but vertically coupled with the quantitative feeder 142 to communicate with the gas generator 210, and an input screw ( 141),

The gas generator 200 includes a gas generator 210 that burns a biomass chip to gasify it, a heat source supply unit 220 formed inside the gas generator 210 to burn the biomass chip, and the heat source supply unit Consists of an ash removal unit 230 installed below 220 to discharge ash generated after combustion to the lower side, and an ash discharge unit 250 discharging the ash that has fallen from the ash removal unit 230 to the outside. But,
The heat source supply unit 220 is configured to form an air nozzle 221 facing the center of the combustion unit 212 of the gas generator 210 and to form a steam nozzle 224 between the air nozzles 221 to simultaneously spray Biomass gasification system.
The method of claim 1
The gas generator 210 forms a chip loading part 211 in which the upper part is communicated with the fuel inlet pipe by forming the inside of the housing with the upper part 211, and the combustion part 212 is formed in the center to burn the biomass chip to gasify it. An ash guide part 213 is formed under the combustion part 212, and the ash discharge part 250 is a guide plate having a V-shaped inclined surface under the ash guide part 213 of the gas generator 210 ( Biomass gasification system, characterized in that formed by forming 252, but installing a discharge screw 251 in the longitudinal direction in the groove portion of the guide plate 252.
The method of claim 1,
The heat exchange unit 300 includes a heat exchange housing 310 having a lower portion in communication with the gas generating unit 200, and a multi-conduit assembly for exchanging air and gas by forming a plurality of ducts in the interior of the heat exchange housing 310 ( 320), a steam generating unit 330 for heat exchange with generated gas under the multi-conduit assembly 320, and a guide unit 340 for inserting a guide screw 342 into a conduit of the steam generating unit 330 It consists of,
The steam generating unit 330 is a biomass gasification system, characterized in that the heat exchange line 332 is installed under the multi-pipe assembly 320, but the heat exchange line 332 is bent and blocked.
The method of claim 3,
The heat exchange housing 310 communicates with the lower part of the gas generator 210 of the gas generator 200 through a connection duct 311, and the multi-conduit assembly 320 is located on the inner upper and lower sides of the heat exchange housing 310. The upper and lower plates 321 are combined, but a plurality of gas passages 322 are formed between the upper and lower plates 321 to communicate the upper and lower sides, and the multi-conduit assembly 320 includes a plurality of outer spaces between the upper and lower plates 321 In the biotechnology, characterized in that the guide plates 323 are staggered to form an air passage 324, but the heat source supply pipe 312 is positioned at the lower side and the heat source inlet pipe 313 is positioned at the upper side to communicate with each other. Mass gasification system.
The method of claim 3,
The guide part 340 is configured by inserting a guide screw 342 into each of the gas passages 322 of the multi-pipe assembly 320 but having a support assembly 341 at the upper end of the guide screw 342. Biomass gasification system. delete

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