KR102233366B1 - Resonator for atomic frequency standard and physics package including the resonator - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrode part surrounding the cavity; And a housing surrounding the electrode part. Including, the electrode unit is provided with an atomic frequency standard resonator including a laser extension hole passing through the cavity and a physical unit including the same.

Description

Resonator for atomic frequency standard and physics package including the resonator

The present invention relates to a resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer and a physical unit including the same, and more particularly, to a resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer capable of irradiating a laser into the resonator and a physical unit including the same.

As it became known that the Earth's rotation period was not constant, a new way of defining time was called for. Accordingly, the cesium atomic clock was adopted as the international standard clock at the 13th International General Assembly of Metrology and Measurements held in Paris in 1967.

The atomic clock is currently the most accurate clock, which counts the frequency of electromagnetic waves that occur in the transition between the intrinsic states of electrons in an atom to measure time. The cesium atomic clock uses cesium 133, the definition of 1 second is the duration of 9,192,631,770 cycles of radiation, which corresponds to the transition between the two ultrafine levels in the ground state of the cesium 133 atom (133 CS).

In addition to cesium, various atoms are currently being used, and various methods of measurement have been developed. These atomic clocks are widely applied in various fields, such as being able to accurately calculate a location by measuring accurate time by being mounted on a GPS system within a satellite, beyond being used to define time. These atomic clocks are sometimes called atomic frequency standards depending on their use, and a physical package that observes resonance signals by interacting atoms and microwaves among the standard groups is also referred to as a physical unit.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a resonator for a miniaturized atomic frequency standard and a physical unit including the same.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a resonator for an atomic frequency standard that can be observed using a large number of atoms at once, and a physical unit including the same.

An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a resonator for an atomic frequency standard that can ensure uniformity of microwave intensity and phase within a cavity, and a physical unit including the same.

An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a resonator for an atomic frequency standard capable of precise measurement and a physical unit including the same.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a resonator for an atomic frequency standard that can save power and a physical unit including the same.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems that are not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer and a physical unit including the same according to an embodiment of the present invention include an electrode unit surrounding the cavity; And a housing surrounding the electrode part. Including, the electrode portion may include a laser extension hole through the cavity.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer according to an embodiment of the present invention and the physical unit including the same are provided with four laser extension holes, and each of the laser extension holes may be disposed perpendicular to each other. have.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same may be connected to the electrode unit and the housing by a support unit.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer according to an embodiment of the present invention and the physical unit including the same include four slots in which the electrode unit is spaced at regular intervals along the circumferential direction of the electrode unit It may include four electrodes divided by four slots.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same further include a support, and the support includes four supports, each of the four electrodes. May be connected to the housing by the four supports.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and the physical unit including the same are provided with four laser extension holes, each of the laser extension holes being each of the four electrodes. Can be formed in

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a physical unit including the same, the housing may further include a microwave through hole.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same, the housing may further include a fluorescence measurement light through hole.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same include an upper closing part coupled to the upper side of the housing; And a lower closure portion coupled to the lower side of the housing. It further includes, the upper closing portion and the lower closing portion may isolate the cavity from the outside.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same further include an upper coil and a lower coil, and the upper coil is coupled to the upper closing part, The lower coil may be coupled to the lower closing part.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same may include four laser windows through which the housing passes through each of the four laser extension holes. .

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same, the upper closing portion includes a fifth laser through hole, and the lower closing portion includes a sixth laser through hole. It may include.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same; A fluorescence measurement unit having an internal space communicating with the cavity inside the resonator; And a vacuum pump controlling the pressure in the cavity. Including, the resonator comprises: an electrode portion surrounding the cavity; And a housing surrounding the electrode part, and the electrode part may include a laser extension hole leading to the cavity.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same may be coupled to the fluorescence measurement unit under the resonator.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same further include a laser emitter for irradiating a laser to the resonator, and 6 laser emitters are provided. I can.

In order to achieve the problem to be solved, the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to an embodiment of the present invention and a physical unit including the same may include a fluorescence measurement window in the fluorescence measurement unit.

Specific matters of other embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other matters not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

According to the resonator for an atomic frequency standard of the present invention and a physical unit including the same, the resonator can be downsized.

According to the resonator for an atomic frequency standard of the present invention and the physical unit including the same, it is possible to observe using a large amount of atoms at a time.

According to the resonator for an atomic frequency standard of the present invention and the physical unit including the same, it is possible to ensure uniformity of the intensity and phase of the microwave in the cavity.

According to the resonator for an atomic frequency standard of the present invention and a physical unit including the same, precise measurement may be possible.

According to the resonator for an atomic frequency standard of the present invention and a physical unit including the same, it is possible to save power.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

1 is a perspective view showing a resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer and a physical unit including the same according to embodiments of the present invention.
2 is an exploded perspective view showing a resonator and a laser emitter for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.
3 is an exploded perspective view showing a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.
4 is a perspective view showing a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.
5 is a cutaway perspective view of a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention taken along line II′ of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a cutaway perspective view taken along line II-II' of FIG. 4, a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II′ of FIG. 4 of a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.
8 is a cross-sectional view showing an operation process of a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.

In order to fully understand the configuration and effect of the technical idea of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the technical idea of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the technical idea of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but may be implemented in various forms and various changes may be applied. However, it is provided to completely disclose the technical idea of the present invention through the description of the present embodiments, and to completely inform the scope of the present invention to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

Parts indicated by the same reference numerals throughout the specification represent the same elements. Embodiments described in the present specification will be described with reference to a block diagram, a perspective view, and/or a cross-sectional view, which are ideal exemplary diagrams of the technical idea of the present invention. In the drawings, the thickness of the regions is exaggerated for effective description of the technical content. Accordingly, the regions illustrated in the drawings have schematic properties, and the shapes of the regions illustrated in the drawings are for illustrating a specific shape of the region of the device and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In various embodiments of the present specification, various terms are used to describe various components, but these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. The embodiments described and illustrated herein also include complementary embodiments thereof.

The terms used in this specification are for describing exemplary embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In this specification, the singular form also includes the plural form unless specifically stated in the phrase. As used in the specification, "comprises" and/or "comprising" does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by describing preferred embodiments of the technical idea of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective view showing a physical unit for an atomic frequency standard according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the physical unit for an atomic frequency standard may include a resonator 1, a fluorescence measurement unit 4, a vacuum pump 6, a vacuum valve 8, and an atomic supply unit 9. According to embodiments, the physical unit for an atomic frequency standard may further include a magnetic shield device.

The resonator 1 can trap atoms. Atoms trapped in the resonator 1 can be cooled and resonated. Atoms can be transferred within the resonator 1. In embodiments, atoms may be observed in the resonator 1.

The fluorescence measurement unit 4 may have an internal space communicating with a cavity (see S (refer to FIG. 5 )) inside the resonator 1. The fluorescence measurement unit 4 may be coupled to the resonator 1 under the resonator 1. Atoms transferred from the resonator 1 may fall on the fluorescence measurement unit 4. The fluorescence measurement unit 4 may include an atomic observation window (unsigned). Transition atoms dropped into the fluorescence measurement unit 4 can be observed through an atomic observation window. In embodiments, four windows for atomic observation may be provided. The four atomic observation windows can be arranged perpendicular to each other. Electromagnetic waves can be irradiated and escaped through the window for atomic observation on one side. The transferred atoms can emit light in response to the irradiated electromagnetic wave. That is, the transferred atoms may generate a fluorescence phenomenon by stimulation of electromagnetic waves. The degree of transition of atoms can be measured by measuring the fluorescence phenomenon through the window for atomic observation on one side and the window for atomic observation on the other side arranged vertically.

The vacuum pump 6 may communicate with the cavity (S, see FIG. 5) of the resonator 1 and/or the inner space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4. The vacuum pump 6 may maintain the cavity S and/or the interior space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4 in a substantially vacuum state. The term vacuum as used herein may mean a state in which atmospheric pressure is close to zero. The vacuum pump 6 may be coupled to the fluorescence measurement unit 4 under the fluorescence measurement unit 4. In embodiments, the vacuum pump 6 may include an ion vacuum pump. The ion vacuum pump may not be connected to the external environment. The ion vacuum pump isolated from the external environment may maintain the cavity S and/or the interior space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4 in a substantially vacuum state. However, it is not limited thereto.

The vacuum valve 8 may communicate with the cavity S and/or the inner space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4. Depending on the opening and closing of the vacuum valve 8, the inner space and the outer space of the cavity S and/or the fluorescence measurement unit 4 may be connected or blocked. A pump (not shown) or the like may be connected to the vacuum valve 8. In embodiments, the pump may be a turbo pump. The pump may lower the atmospheric pressure of the cavity S and/or the inner space of the fluorescence measuring unit 4 from atmospheric pressure to a substantial vacuum state.

In exemplary embodiments, the physical part for an atomic frequency standard may be supported by the support part 10. The support part 10 may firmly fix the physical part for an atomic frequency standard. The support unit 10 may further include a moving means such as a wheel to easily move the physical unit for an atomic frequency standard. A certain space may be formed under the support part 10.

The atom supply unit 9 may supply atoms (A, see FIG. 8) to the cavity S and/or the inner space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4. In embodiments, the atom supply 9 may be a dispenser or the like. However, it is not limited thereto.

A magnetic shielding device (not shown) may wrap the resonator 1. The magnetic shielding device may have a cylindrical shape of two or more layers surrounding the resonator 1. The magnetic shielding device may shield the inside of the resonator 1 from an external magnetic field or the like. The magnetic shielding device can prevent the resonant frequencies of atoms in the resonator from shifting.

Details of these configurations will be described later.

2 is an exploded perspective view showing a resonator and a laser emitter for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2, a laser emitter may be coupled to the resonator 1. The laser emitter may be directly coupled to the resonator 1 or may be indirectly coupled through separate laser connection portions 31 to 34 (refer to FIG. 3). Four laser emitters may be provided. Each laser emitter may be referred to as a first laser emitter 21, a second laser emitter 22, a third laser emitter 23 and a fourth laser emitter 24. The first laser emitter 21 and the third laser emitter 23 may be positioned in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The second laser emitter 22 and the fourth laser emitter 24 may be positioned in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The first laser emitter 21 and the second laser emitter 22 may be disposed substantially perpendicular to each other with respect to the resonator 1. That is, each laser emitter may be spaced apart at approximately 90 degree intervals. Each laser emitter can be located on the same plane.

Two laser emitters (not shown) may be further connected to the resonator 1. The two laser emitters can be connected above and below the resonator, respectively. The laser emitter connected above may be referred to as an upper laser emitter, and the laser emitter connected below may be referred to as a lower laser emitter. The lower laser emitter can be placed away from the resonator 1. That is, the lower laser emitter may be coupled under the fluorescence measurement unit 4 (refer to FIG. 1) and/or the support unit 10. The lower laser emitter and the upper laser emitter may be positioned in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The lower laser emitter and the upper laser emitter may be disposed perpendicular to a plane in which the first to fourth laser emitters 21 to 24 are disposed. That is, the six laser emitters can be placed on three axes orthogonal to each other.

Each laser emitter can emit a laser towards the resonator 1. The laser irradiated from each laser emitter may specify the positions of atoms located in the cavity (S, see FIG. 5) formed inside the resonator 1. Lasers can cool atoms. Details on this will be described later.

3 is an exploded perspective view showing a resonator and a peripheral configuration for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, a laser connection part, a microwave supply part, and a fluorescence measurement connection part may be coupled to the resonator 1.

The laser connection part is a first laser connection part 31, a second laser connection part 32, a third laser connection part (not shown), a fourth laser connection part 34, a fifth laser connection part 35, and a sixth laser connection part (not shown). Poem). The first laser connection part 31 and the third laser connection part may be located in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The second laser connection part 32 and the fourth laser connection part 34 may be located in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The first laser connection part 31 and the second laser connection part 32 may be disposed substantially perpendicular to each other with respect to the resonator 1. That is, the first to fourth laser connection portions 31 to 34 may be disposed at approximately 90 degree intervals. The fifth laser connection part 35 and the sixth laser connection part may be located in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The fifth laser connection part 35 may be coupled on the resonator 1. The sixth laser connection part may be coupled under the resonator 1. The sixth laser connection unit may be disposed to be spaced apart from the resonator 1. That is, the sixth laser connection unit may be coupled under the fluorescence measurement unit 4 (refer to FIG. 1) and/or the support unit 10. The sixth laser connection part and the fifth laser connection part 35 may be disposed perpendicular to a plane on which the first to fourth laser connection parts 31 to 34 are disposed. That is, the six laser connections may be disposed on three axes orthogonal to each other. Each of the laser connections may include holes facing the laser windows 1111 to 1114 (FIG. 5). Details on this will be described later.

Each of the laser connections can be combined with each of the laser emitters. Each of the laser emitters can be connected to the resonator 1 through each of the laser connections. Each of the laser emitters can irradiate a laser to the resonator 1 through each of the laser connections. Atoms located in the cavity (S, see FIG. 5) of the resonator 1 may be positioned by a laser. Atoms can be cooled.

The microwave supply unit may include a first microwave supply unit 51 and a second microwave supply unit 52. The first microwave supply unit 51 and the second microwave supply unit 52 may be located in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The first microwave supply unit 51 may be positioned between the first laser connection unit 51 and the fourth laser connection unit 34. The second microwave supply unit 52 may be positioned between the second laser connection unit 52 and the third laser connection unit. An external wire such as a coaxial cable may be connected to the microwave supply unit. Each of the microwave supply units may provide microwaves inside the resonator 1. Atoms located in the cavity (S, see FIG. 5) of the resonator 1 may be transferred by microwave.

The fluorescence measurement connector may include a first fluorescence measurement connector 71 and a second fluorescence measurement connector 72. The first fluorescence measurement connector 71 and the second fluorescence measurement connector 72 may be positioned in opposite directions with respect to the resonator 1. The first fluorescence measurement connection 71 may be positioned between the first laser connection 31 and the second laser connection 32. The second fluorescence measurement connection part 72 may be positioned between the third laser connection part and the fourth laser connection part 34. Each of the fluorescence measurement connection portions may include holes directed to the fluorescence measurement windows 1151 and 1152 (refer to FIG. 5 ).

The fluorescence measurement connection unit may be coupled to a measurement tube irradiation unit that irradiates measurement light toward atoms located in the cavity (S, see FIG. 5) of the resonator 1. Transition atoms may be observed through the fluorescence measurement windows 1151 and 1152 by the measurement light. Measurement light is irradiated through the fluorescence measurement window, and the transferred atoms may emit light in response to the irradiated measurement light. That is, the transferred atoms may generate a fluorescence phenomenon by stimulation of the measurement light. By measuring the fluorescence phenomenon, the degree of transition of the atoms can be measured.

4 is a perspective view showing a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 4, the resonator 1 may include a housing 11, a lower closing portion 13, an upper closing portion 15, an upper coil C1, and a lower coil C2. In embodiments, the resonator 1 may further include an electrode portion and a support portion. The resonator 1 may include a conductor. Preferably, the resonator 1 may include a conductor having good electrical conductivity. In embodiments, the resonator 1 may include copper. More specifically, it may include anoxic copper. In embodiments, the resonator 1 may comprise aluminum. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the resonator 1 made of plastic, ceramic, or the like may be coated with a conductor such as metal.

The housing 11 may have a cavity (S, see FIG. 5) formed therein. A substantial vacuum state may be maintained inside the housing 11. Atoms may exist in the housing 11. Details of the housing 11 will be described later.

The lower closure 13 may be coupled under the housing 11. The lower closure 13 may seal the housing 11 under the housing 11. The lower closing part 13 can isolate the inside of the housing 11 together with the upper closing part 15 from the outside. The lower closing part 13 may include a lower flange 1310, a lower coil support 132, a lower connection pipe 133, a lower support 135, and a lower laser through-hole 13a (refer to FIG. 6).

The lower flange 131 may be coupled under the housing 11. The lower flange 131 may be coupled to the housing 11 through a coupling means (not shown). The lower flange 131 may substantially seal the housing 11. The lower flange 131 may have a wide plate shape. In embodiments, the lower flange 131 may have a disk shape. However, it is not limited thereto.

The lower coil support 132 may support the lower coil C2. The lower coil support 132 may be located below the lower flange 131. The lower coil C2 may be located between the lower coil support 132 and the lower flange 131. The lower coil support 132 may have a plate shape. In embodiments, the lower coil support 132 may have a disk shape. However, it is not limited thereto.

The lower connection pipe 133 may be located under the lower coil support 132. The lower connection pipe 133 may have a cylindrical shape. In embodiments, the lower connection pipe 133 may have a cylindrical shape. However, it is not limited thereto. The lower connection pipe 133 may connect the lower coil support 132 and the lower support 135.

The lower support 135 may be connected to the lower connection pipe 133. The lower support 135 may support and support the entire resonator 1. The area of the lower supporter 135 may be larger than the lower connection pipe 133. The lower support 135 may include a support coupling hole 135h. The coupling means is inserted into the support coupling hole 135h, so that the lower support 135 and the fluorescence measurement unit 4 (see FIG. 1) may be coupled.

The lower laser through-hole 13a (see FIG. 6) may be a hole in communication with the cavity (S, see FIG. 5 ). The lower laser through hole 13a may pass through the lower flange 131, the lower coil support 132, the lower connection pipe 133, and the lower support 135. The lower laser through-hole 13a may communicate with the inner space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4 (refer to FIG. 1). The laser may be irradiated from the bottom to the top through the lower laser through hole 13a.

The upper closure 15 may be coupled on the housing 11. The upper closure 15 may seal the housing 11 on top of the housing 11. The upper closing part 15 can isolate the inside of the housing 11 together with the lower closing part 13 from the outside. The upper closing part 13 may include an upper flange 151, an upper coil support 153, an upper support 155, and an upper laser through hole 15a (refer to FIG. 6 ).

The upper flange 151 may be coupled on the housing 11. The upper flange 151 may include an upper coupling hole 151h. The coupling means (151x) may be inserted into the upper coupling hole (151h). The upper flange 151 may be coupled to the housing 11 through a coupling means 151x. The upper flange 151 may substantially seal the housing 11. The upper flange 151 may have a wide plate shape. In embodiments, the upper flange 151 may have a disk shape. However, it is not limited thereto.

The upper coil support 153 may support the upper coil C1. The upper coil support 153 may be positioned above the upper flange 151. The upper coil C1 may be located on the upper coil support 153. The upper coil support 153 may have a plate shape. In embodiments, the upper coil support 153 may have a disk shape. However, it is not limited thereto.

The upper support 155 may form the lid of the entire resonator 1. The area of the upper support 155 may be larger than the upper coil C1. The upper support 155 may include a support coupling hole 155h. The coupling means is inserted into the support coupling hole 155h, so that the upper support 155 and the fifth laser connection portion 35 (see FIG. 3) may be coupled.

The upper laser through-hole 15a (see FIG. 6) may be a hole in communication with the cavity (S, see FIG. 5 ). The upper laser through hole 15a may pass through the upper flange 151, the upper coil support 153, and the upper support 155. The upper laser through hole 15a may extend to the fifth laser connection part 35. The laser may be irradiated from top to bottom through the upper laser through hole 15a.

The upper coil C1 may be located between the upper coil support 153 and the upper support 155. The upper coil C1 may be a magneto optical trap (MOT) coil. The upper coil C1 may control the positions of atoms by forming a magnetic field in the cavity S (refer to FIG. 5 ).

The lower coil C2 may be positioned between the lower flange 131 and the lower coil support 132. The lower coil C2 may be a magneto optical trap (MOT) coil. The lower coil C2 may control the positions of atoms by forming a magnetic field in the cavity (S, see FIG. 5).

The upper coil C1 and the lower coil C2 may form a pair of Anti-Helmholtz coils. In embodiments, the upper coil C1 and the lower coil C2 may be spaced apart by the same distance from the center of the cavity S (refer to FIG. 5 ). However, it is not limited thereto.

5 is a cutaway perspective view of a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention taken along line II′ of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a cutaway perspective view taken along line II-II′ of FIG. 4, and FIG. 7 is It is a cross-sectional view taken along line II' of FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 5, the housing 11 may have a cavity S formed therein. The housing 11 may have a column shape. In embodiments, the housing 11 may have a cylindrical shape. In embodiments, the housing 11 may have an octagonal column shape.

The housing 11 may include a laser window. Four laser windows formed in the housing 11 may be provided. Each of the laser windows may be referred to as a first laser window 1111, a second laser window 1112, a third laser window 1113, and a fourth laser window 1114. The first laser window 1111 and the third laser window 1113 may be positioned in opposite directions with respect to the cavity S. The second laser window 1112 and the fourth laser window 1114 may be positioned in opposite directions with respect to the cavity S. The first laser window 1111 and the second laser window 1112 may be disposed at positions substantially perpendicular to the cavity S. That is, each of the first to fourth laser windows 1111 to 1114 may be spaced apart from each other at approximately 90 degree intervals around the cavity S. Each of the first laser emitters 21 (refer to FIG. 2) to the fourth laser emitters 24 may be connected to each of the first to fourth laser windows 1111 to 1114. Each of the first laser window 1111 to the fourth laser window 1114 is directly coupled to each of the first laser window 1111 to the fourth laser window 1114, or the first laser connection part 31, see FIG. 3 ) To the fourth laser connection portion 34 may be coupled as a medium. Each of the first laser emitter 21 (refer to FIG. 2) to the fourth laser emitter 24 irradiates a laser into the cavity S through each of the first laser window 1111 to the fourth laser window 1114. I can. The laser windows may be sealed so that the cavity S is kept in a vacuum state.

In embodiments, when the housing 11 has an octagonal column shape, the outer surface of the housing 11 may include the first side 11a to the eighth side 11h. The first to fourth laser windows 1111 to 1114 may be formed on the first side 11a, the third side 11c, the fifth side 11e, and the seventh side 11g, respectively. In embodiments, a recessed hole recessed toward the cavity S may be formed in each of the side surfaces 11a to 11h. That is, first to eighth recessed holes 11a' to 11h' may be formed in each of the first to eighth side surfaces 11a to 11h. In this case, each of the first laser window 1111 to the fourth laser window 1114 is a first recessed hole 11a', a third recessed hole 11c', a fifth recessed hole 11e', and a seventh recessed It may be disposed in the hole 11g'.

6 and 7, an electrode part may be located inside the housing 11. The electrode part may surround the cavity S. That is, the electrode portion may surround the cavity S, and the housing 11 may surround the electrode portion. The electrode portion may have a cylindrical shape as a whole. In embodiments, the electrode unit may include four slots spaced apart at regular intervals along the circumferential direction. Each slot may be referred to as a first slot 122a, a second slot 122b, a third slot 122c, and a fourth slot 122d. The electrode part may be divided into four electrodes by each slot. Each of the four electrodes may be referred to as a first electrode 1211, a second electrode 1212, a third electrode 1213, and a fourth electrode 1214. Each electrode may be spaced apart at a predetermined interval by a slot. In embodiments, the length of each electrode may be the same or similar. That is, each electrode may have an approximately quadrant-shaped cross section. However, the number of slots and electrodes is not limited thereto, and other numbers are possible. Accordingly, the shape of each electrode may be variously changed.

The electrode part may be connected to the housing 11 by a support part. When the electrode portion includes four electrodes, the support portion may also include four supports. That is, the first electrode 1211 may be coupled to the housing 11 through the first support 141. The second electrode 1212 to the fourth electrode 1214 may also be coupled to the housing 11 through the second support 142 to the fourth support 144.

The first support 141 may be coupled to a direction in which the first laser window 1111 is formed among the housing 11. The second support 142 may be coupled to a direction in which the second laser window 1112 is formed among the housing 11. The third support 143 may be coupled to a direction in which the third laser window 1113 is formed among the housing 11. The fourth support 144 may be coupled to a direction in which the fourth laser window 1114 is formed among the housing 11.

The resonator 1 may further include a first laser through hole 1111a extending from the first laser window 1111 toward the first electrode 1211. The first laser through hole 1111a may penetrate a part of the housing 11 and the first support 141. Like the first laser through hole 1111a, the resonator 1 may further include a second laser through hole 1112a to a fourth laser through hole 1114a.

The first electrode 1211 may include a first laser extension hole 1211a communicating with the first laser through hole 1111a. The first laser extension hole 1211a may be a hole extending from the cavity S side of the first electrode 1211 to the first laser through hole 1111a. In embodiments, the first laser extension hole 1211a may be a circular hole. The first laser extension hole 1211a may have the same size as the first laser through hole 1111a. However, it is not limited thereto. The laser may reach the cavity S through the first laser window 1111, the first laser through hole 1111a, and the first laser extension hole 1211a. The second electrode 1212 to the fourth electrode 1214 may also include the second laser extension hole 1212a to the fourth laser extension hole 1214a in the same manner.

The housing 11 may further include a first microwave window 1131 and a second microwave window 1132. The first microwave window 1131 and the second microwave window 1132 may be located in opposite directions around the cavity S. The first microwave window 1131 may be positioned between the first laser window 1111 and the fourth laser window 1114. When the housing 11 includes the first side 11a to the eighth side 11h, the first microwave window 1131 may be formed on the eighth side 11h side. When the housing 11 includes the first recessed hole 11a' to the eighth recessed hole 11h', the first microwave window 1131 may be disposed in the eighth recessed hole 11h'. The second microwave window 1132 may be disposed similarly to the first microwave window 1131. The microwave windows may be sealed so that the cavity S is maintained in a vacuum state.

The housing 11 may further include a first microwave through hole 1131a extending from the first microwave window 1131 toward the cavity S. Microwaves may be transmitted to the cavity S through the first microwave window 1131, the first microwave through hole 1131a, and the first slit 122a. The housing 11 may also include a second microwave through hole 1132a on the side of the second microwave window 1132 as in the case of the first microwave window 1131.

The housing 11 may further include a first fluorescence measurement window 1151 and a second fluorescence measurement window 1152. The first fluorescence measurement window 1151 and the second fluorescence measurement window 1152 may be positioned in opposite directions with respect to the cavity S. The first fluorescence measurement window 1151 may be positioned between the first laser window 1111 and the second laser window 1112. When the housing 11 includes the first side 11a to the eighth side 11h, the first fluorescence measurement window 1151 may be formed on the side of the second side 11b. When the housing 11 includes the first recessed hole 11a' to the eighth recessed hole 11h', the first fluorescence measurement window 1151 may be disposed in the second recessed hole 11b'. The second fluorescence measurement window 1152 may also be disposed similarly to the first fluorescence measurement window 1151. The fluorescence measurement windows may be sealed so that the cavity S is maintained in a vacuum state.

The housing 11 may further include a first fluorescence measurement through hole 1151a extending from the first fluorescence measurement window 1151 toward the cavity S. The irradiation light may be transmitted to the cavity S through the first fluorescence measurement window 1151, the first fluorescence measurement through hole 1151a and the second slit 122b. The housing 11 may also include a second fluorescence measurement through hole 1152a on the side of the second fluorescence measurement window 1152 as in the case of the first fluorescence measurement window 1151.

In embodiments, each of the first to fourth slots 122a to 122d may further include each of the first to fourth slots 122a' to 122d'. The first slot expansion hole 122a ′ further extends from the sidewalls of the first electrode 1211 and the fourth electrode 1214 defining the first slot 122 to the first electrode 1211 and the fourth electrode 1214. It may be an indented part. The second slot expansion hole 122b ′ to the fourth slot expansion hole 122d ′ may also be formed in the same manner as the first slot expansion hole 122a ′. The irradiation light may be irradiated into the cavity S through the second slot expansion hole 122b' and the fourth slot expansion hole 122d'. The first slot expansion hole 122a' to the fourth slot expansion hole 122d' are symmetrically arranged with respect to the cavity S, so that the microwave or electromagnetic field inside the cavity S may be symmetrically distributed.

8 is a cross-sectional view showing a process in which atoms are detected by making a transition in a resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 8, the cavity S may be in a substantially vacuum state. That is, the internal space of the cavity S and/or the fluorescence measurement unit 4 (refer to FIG. 1) in communication with the cavity S and/or the cavity S by a turbo pump (not shown) connected to the vacuum valve 8 (refer to FIG. 1) is substantially It can be in a vacuum. By creating a vacuum state, the vacuum valve 8 can be closed. The interior space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4 communicated with the cavity S and/or the cavity S by the vacuum pump 6 (refer to FIG. 1) may be maintained in a vacuum state.

Atoms A may be disposed in the cavity S by the atom supply unit 9 (refer to FIG. 1 ). The atoms A may include cesium 133 or rubidium 87 atoms. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other types of atoms may be included.

The laser emitted from the six laser emitters can be irradiated into the cavity (S). The laser emitted from the first laser emitter 21 may be irradiated into the cavity S through the first laser window 1111. The laser emitted from the second laser emitter 22 to the fourth laser emitter 24 may be irradiated into the cavity S through the second laser window 1112 to the fourth laser window 1114. The laser emitted from the upper laser emitter may be irradiated into the cavity S through the upper laser through hole 15a (refer to FIG. 6 ). The laser emitted from the lower laser emitter may be irradiated into the cavity S through the lower laser through-hole 13a (refer to FIG. 6 ). By the six lasers irradiated from both sides of the three axes perpendicular to each other, the atoms (A) can be gathered in the center of the cavity (S). The temperature of the atoms (A) is lowered so that the atoms (A) can be cooled. Atoms (A) may be temporarily fixed at a specific position. When the atoms (A) gather in the center of the cavity (S), the irradiation of the laser can be stopped.

In embodiments, the positions of the atoms A may be more accurately specified by the magnetic field generated by the upper coil C1 and the lower coil C2. That is, magnetic fields generated by the upper coil C1 and the lower coil C2 may fix the atoms A at a specific position by photomagnetic capture. Atoms (A) can be aligned at the point where the magnetic field becomes zero. The part in which the magnetic field in the cavity S becomes zero may be a central part of the cavity S. Using both laser cooling and photomagnetic trapping, it is possible to locate the atoms (A) with high accuracy in a short period of time. That is, the atoms A can be concentrated and aligned in a smaller space. It is also possible to improve the precision of the measurement by using more atoms (A). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and photomagnetic capture is not used, and only laser cooling may be used.

When laser cooling is finished, microwaves may be supplied into the cavity S by the first microwave supply unit 51 (refer to FIG. 3) and/or the second microwave supply unit 52. That is, the microwave emitted by the first microwave supply unit 51 may pass through the first microwave window 1131, the first microwave through hole 1131a, and the first slit 122a to enter the cavity S. Microwaves may resonate within the electrode part. Microwaves can transfer electrons by applying energy to atoms (A) in the lowest state. The second microwave supply unit 52 is the same as the first microwave supply unit 51 and may emit microwaves. Since the first microwave supply unit 51 and the second microwave supply unit 52 are disposed symmetrically from the side around the cavity S, the phase of the microwave in the cavity S may be symmetrical. Deterioration of measurement accuracy due to attenuation effect of microwaves and phase irregularity can be prevented.

In embodiments, measurement light may be irradiated into the cavity S through the fluorescence measurement windows 1151 and 1152. Transitioned ones of the atoms (A) may be emitted by the measurement light. That is, the transferred atoms may generate a fluorescence phenomenon by stimulation of the measurement light. By measuring the fluorescence phenomenon, the degree of transition of the atoms can be measured.

In embodiments, the atoms A may fall by gravity. The atoms A may fall into the lower laser through-hole 13a (refer to FIG. 6). As the atoms A continue to fall, the atoms A may enter the inner space of the fluorescence measurement unit 4 (refer to FIG. 1). Measurement light may be irradiated to an atomic observation window (unsigned) formed on one side of the fluorescence measurement unit 4. Transitioned ones of the atoms (A) may be emitted by the measurement light. That is, the transferred atoms may generate a fluorescence phenomenon by stimulation of the measurement light. The degree of transition of atoms can be measured by measuring the fluorescence phenomenon through the window for atomic observation on one side and the window for atomic observation on the other side arranged vertically.

According to the resonator for an atomic frequency standard according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the physical unit including the same, since the atoms are cooled by directly irradiating a laser inside the resonator, the overall volume may be reduced. In addition, the volume of the resonator can be further reduced by using a resonator having a structure using an electrode part. Therefore, the size of the physical part can be downsized. The volume of the space requiring vacuum is reduced, so that a vacuum state can be easily secured.

By using both the MOT coil and laser cooling, it is possible to quickly and accurately locate the atoms. The size of the space where the atoms gather can be reduced. You can use more atoms at once. The precision of the measurement can be improved.

Since the microwave supply unit is symmetrically arranged around the cavity, the microwave in the cavity may be symmetrical. The precision of the measurement can be improved.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, only three laser emitters can be operated. That is, one of the first laser emitter 21 and the third laser emitter 23, one of the second laser emitter 22 and the fourth laser emitter 24, only one of the upper laser emitter and the lower laser emitter and/ Or it can work. In this case, the laser windows located opposite the provided and/or operated laser emitters may be formed as mirrors. With the laser reflected by the mirror, the use of only three laser emitters can have substantially the same or similar effect as the laser emission in six directions. Power can be saved by using only three laser emitters.

As described above, embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can be implemented in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features. You can understand that there is. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not limiting.

1: resonator
11: housing
11a-11h: Aspects 1-8
11a'~11h': 1st to 8th recessed holes
1111 to 1114: first to fourth laser windows
1111a to 1114a: first to fourth laser through holes
1131, 1132: first to second microwave windows
1131a, 1132a: first to second microwave through holes
1151, 1152: first to second fluorescence measurement windows
1151a, 1152a: first through second fluorescence measurement light through holes
11x: coupling hole
S: cavity
1211-1214: first to fourth electrodes
1211a~1214a: 1st~4th laser extension hole
122a-122d: slots 1-4
141~144: Supports 1~4
13: lower closure
131: lower flange
132: lower coil support
133: lower connector
135: lower support
135h: Support joint hole
15: upper closure
151: upper flange
151h: upper coupling hole
151x: coupling means
153: upper coil support
155: upper support
155h: Support joint hole
C1, C2: upper/lower coil
21 to 24: first to fourth laser emitters
31~36: 1st~6th laser connection part
4: fluorescence measurement unit
51~52: first to second microwave supply units
6: vacuum pump
71~72: Fluorescence measurement connection
8: vacuum valve
9: Atomic supply
10: base

Claims (16)

An electrode part surrounding the cavity from the side; And
A housing surrounding the electrode unit; Including,
The electrode portion includes a laser extension hole passing through the electrode portion so as to be connected to the cavity and providing a passage through which the laser passes,
The laser extension hole includes a first laser extension hole, a second laser extension hole, a third laser extension hole, and a fourth laser extension hole,
The first laser extension hole and the third laser extension hole are located on a straight line,
The second laser extension hole and the fourth laser extension hole are located on a straight line,
A resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer in which an extension direction of the first laser extension hole and an extension direction of the second laser extension hole are perpendicular to each other.
delete The method of claim 1,
A resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer in which the electrode part and the housing are connected by a support part.
The method of claim 1,
The electrode portion provides a first slot, a second slot, a third slot, and a fourth slot spaced apart at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction of the electrode portion,
The resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer includes four electrodes divided by the four slots.
The method of claim 4,
Further comprising a support,
The support includes four supports,
Each of the four electrodes is connected to the housing by the four supports, an atomic frequency standard resonator.
The method of claim 4,
Each of the laser extension holes is formed on each of the four electrodes, a resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer.
The method of claim 4,
The housing further includes a microwave through hole,
The microwave through-hole includes a first microwave through-hole and a second microwave through-hole,
The first microwave through hole is connected to the first slot,
The second microwave through hole is an atomic frequency standard resonator connected to the third slot.
The method of claim 4,
The housing further includes a fluorescence measurement light through hole,
The fluorescence measurement light through-hole includes a first fluorescence measurement light through-hole and a second fluorescence measurement light through-hole,
The first fluorescence measurement light through hole is connected to the second slot,
The second fluorescence measurement light through-hole is a resonator for an atomic frequency standard that is connected to the fourth slot.
The method of claim 1,
An upper closing part coupled to the upper side of the housing; And
A lower closing part coupled to the lower side of the housing; Including more,
The resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer for separating the cavity from the outside of the upper closing part and the lower closing part.
The method of claim 9,
It further includes an upper coil and a lower coil,
The upper coil is coupled to the upper closing part,
The lower coil is an atomic frequency standard resonator coupled to the lower closing portion.
The method of claim 6,
The housing is a resonator for an atomic frequency standard comprising four laser windows through each of the four laser extension holes.
The method of claim 9,
The upper closing portion includes a fifth laser through hole,
A resonator for an atomic frequency standardizer including a sixth laser through-hole in the lower closing portion.
Resonator;
A fluorescence measurement unit having an internal space communicating with the cavity inside the resonator; And
A vacuum pump controlling the pressure in the cavity; Including,
The resonator is:
An electrode part surrounding the cavity in a horizontal direction from a side surface; And
Including a housing surrounding the electrode,
The electrode portion includes a laser extension hole penetrating the electrode portion in a horizontal direction so as to be connected to the cavity,
The laser extension hole includes a first laser extension hole, a second laser extension hole, a third laser extension hole, and a fourth laser extension hole,
The first laser extension hole and the third laser extension hole are located on a straight line,
The second laser extension hole and the fourth laser extension hole are located on a straight line,
A physical unit for an atomic frequency standardizer in which an extension direction of the first laser extension hole and an extension direction of the second laser extension hole are perpendicular to each other.
The method of claim 13,
The fluorescence measurement unit is a physical unit for an atomic frequency standard that is coupled to the lower side of the resonator.
The method of claim 14,
Further comprising a laser emitter for irradiating a laser to the resonator,
The laser emitter is a physical unit for an atomic frequency standard that is provided with six.
The method of claim 14,
The fluorescence measurement unit physical unit for an atomic frequency standard comprising a fluorescence measurement window.

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