KR102192634B1 - Mass production method of hemp sprout - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for mass-producing Samsak, which contains a large amount of health functional ingredients such as Cannflavin without having an inducing ingredient (THC, Tetrahydrocannabinol). Specifically, the present invention provides a method for improving the germination rate by providing an appropriate hemp cultivation period, finding out a method for selecting seed size and fidelity with a high germination rate, and finding the cause of lowering the germination rate that occurs when cultivating sprouts by increasing the seeding density. In the present invention, it is possible to dramatically increase the yield of samsprout by applying the method of improving the germination rate.

Description

Mass production method of hemp sprout}

The present invention relates to a method of cultivating sprouts of plant species exhibiting auto-allelopathy such as hemp. Specifically, the present invention is a small-sized continuous water-return type samsprout cultivation device, a fidelity separation method of seeds that have not settled in water due to the buoyancy of the space between the thick seed skin and the seed contents, determination of whether or not allelopathy, and avoiding allelopathy by mixing sand. It relates to a method of increasing the germination rate of the plant and a method of growing sprouts using the same.

It is known that sprouts produced by germinating seeds such as grains and nuts contain nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, and functional ingredients such as polyphenols, which help prevent various diseases (Price, 1988; Yun et al., 2011). During germination and sprout growth of seeds, hydrolytic enzyme activity increases, which increases the content of certain essential amino acids, total sugars and vitamins, but decreases dry weight due to respiratory activity, and the content of indigestible substances such as starch and tannins decreases. (Lorenz, 1980; Chavan & Kadam, 1989; Obizoba & Egbuna, 1992; Parameswaran & Sadasivam, 1994; Guo et al., 2012).

In Korea, sprouts such as bean sprouts and bean sprouts were produced from soybeans and mung beans and used as foods to supply proteins and vitamins (Chon et al., 2013). Recently, sprouts are produced not only from beans such as peas and peanuts, but also from grains and vegetable seeds such as barley, buckwheat and radish, and are sold as health functional foods (Kim et al, 2001; Kim et al, 2004; Kim et al, 2008. ).

Hemp (hemp) seeds have a high protein content and contain around 30% of oil, but their flavor is similar to walnut or peanut oil, so it is highly promising as a health functional food (Callaway, 2004; Moon et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2005; Wang) et al., 2008). It can be used as a diabetes treatment as it contains a functional oligofabtide that has an antidiabetic effect in the protein hydrolyzate of three seeds (Yao et al., 2016). As the excellent health functions of the plant sprouts and hemp seeds are known, several researchers have conducted studies on the nutritional value and health function of hemp sprouts.

Three seeds contain the functional flavonoids Cannflavin A and B, which have antimicrobial and antiprotozoal effects, and have superior anti-inflammatory effects than aspirin (Ban-ett et al., 1986; Amany et al., 2010). The content of ready-made ingredients increases without the inducing ingredient THC (Oliver et al, 2014). Samsak has been reported to have higher antioxidant activity and anti-mutagenic effect than seeds (Stefania et al., 2018). The production of sprouts of other plants is ″soaking seeds in water → washing and disinfection → high-density sowing and germination (stacking seeds soaked in water to a thickness of 2 cm or more and cultivating them under 25℃ saturated humidity for 2 days) → sowing and sprinkling on a tray (6-10 times a day) → Go through stages such as harvesting sprouts. This method enables mass production in a small space and has a high sprout yield of 700~1,000% compared to dry seeds, enabling mass production at low cost (Price, 1988; Kim et al., 2001; Kim et al., 2004; Yun et al., 2011). Currently, the method of producing Samsak is known as a small sprout cultivation device, but the process is ″soaking seeds in water (4-12 hours) → sowing in sprouts → washing twice a day with a high pressure pump (water temperature) 16∼20℃) and drainage → harvest after 3-6 days″ (Gil & Lori, 2013). However, this method not only requires a lot of water for washing, but also has only 150% of the weight of dry seeds, so it is difficult to use for mass production.

Therefore, this study established a mass production method of Samsprout by selecting the seed size for the production of Samsprout, selecting faithful seeds that can germinate, and finding the cause of the low germination rate and how to overcome it during high density sowing.

The present invention provides an appropriate cultivation device for cultivation of sprouts for a practical cultivation method for cultivation of sprouts, and also provides a method for improving the germination rate by locating the seed size and fidelity selection method with high germination rate, and identifying the cause of lowering the germination rate of sprout cultivation with high seeding density. It aims to do.

As one aspect for achieving the above object, the present invention is a cultivation unit in which a stepped inward is formed in the central part to enable the installation of a mat, a mat is installed in the stepped, and a through hole is formed in the center of the stepped ;

A water storage unit formed below the cultivation unit and receiving water supplied to the cultivation unit therein;

An operation unit installed below the water storage unit and having a built-in water pump; And

It is installed so as to pass through to the top of the tray of the cultivation unit in the operation unit, and includes a water supply means for circulating water of the water storage unit and spraying it to the upper side of the tray,

The water supply means is a water pump installed inside the operation unit and receiving water from the water storage unit; A water transfer pipe connected to the water pump to transfer water supplied to the pump to the cultivation unit and extending vertically to an upper portion of the cultivation unit tray; A water supply passage connected to the water storage and supplying water to the water storage; And a water drainage passage connected to the water storage unit and for discharging the water from the water storage unit to the outside.

As another aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating samsak, including cultivating samsaks in a manner that continuously supplies clean water to a tray using the aforementioned samssack cultivation machine.

In another aspect, the present invention comprises the steps of selecting the three seeds to have a size of 2.8 mm or more;

Injecting the three seeds selected in the above step into an ethanol solution to select the precipitated seeds;

Germinating after mixing the three seeds precipitated in the above step and sand;

Separating the sand from the three seeds germinated in the above step; And

It provides a samsak cultivation method comprising the step of cultivating the isolated three seeds using the above-described samsak cultivation machine.

The present invention can provide a method for mass-producing Samsak which contains a large amount of health functional ingredients such as Canflavin without having an inducing ingredient (THC, Tetrahydrocannabinol).

Specifically, in the present invention, a method for improving the germination rate can be provided by providing an appropriate hemp cultivation period, finding a method for selecting seed size and fidelity with a high germination rate, and finding the cause of a decrease in the germination rate that occurs when cultivating sprouts by increasing the seeding density. have.

Accordingly, in the present invention, the yield of samsprout can be dramatically increased by applying the method for improving the germination rate.

1 is a photograph showing a buckwheat sprout cultivation facility similar to the continuous water exchange type samssack cultivation device of the present invention in terms of supplying clean water to a sprout cultivation tray.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a continuous water exchange sprout cultivation device according to the present invention.
3 is a photograph showing three buds cultivated in a continuous water exchange type (photo on the right) and a non-continuous water exchange type (photo on the left) sprout cultivation and water drained into a bucket.
4 is a photograph showing the difference between the medium for sedimentation and separation of suspended seeds. The left photograph shows distilled water and the right photograph shows 70% ethanol.
5 is a photograph showing the structure of three seeds, specifically, a photograph taken after cutting along the suture line of dry seeds. The scale of the ruler on the right is 0.5mm.
Figure 6 is a photograph of the three buds after germination (25° C., 48 hours) (left picture) and harvested hemp buds (right picture) according to whether or not three seed fidelity is separated.
7 is a graph showing the relationship between the seeding density and germination rate of three seeds.
8 is a photograph showing the germination rate of the three seeds according to the mixing ratio of the three seeds and sand.
9 is a graph showing the change in the length of the three seed germination three buds.
10 is a flow chart showing a samsak production process.
11 is a photograph showing the change of samsprout by date by three seed germination methods.
In addition, FIG. 12 is a photograph comparing hemp sprouts grown after germination by mixing with sand (left) and when using only seeds (right).

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The present invention relates to a samsak cultivation device for cultivation of samsak.

In the present invention, ssamsak means a sprout of hemp (synonym: hemp; English name: Hemp; scientific name: Cannabis sativa ). In the present invention, the three buds can be expressed as three buds.

The samsak cultivator according to the present invention is small and can be used in homes, restaurants, or farmers who cultivate samsak on a small scale. The Samsak cultivation machine includes a cultivation unit having a stepped inner part in the center to enable the installation of a mat, a mat installed on the stepped step, and a through hole formed in the center of the stepped step;

A water storage unit formed below the cultivation unit and receiving water supplied to the cultivation unit therein;

An operation unit installed below the water storage unit and having a built-in water pump; And

It is installed so as to pass through to the top of the tray of the cultivation unit in the operation unit, and includes a water supply means for circulating water of the water storage unit and spraying it to the upper side of the tray.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings (Fig. 2) Samsak cultivation device of the present invention will be described.

In the present invention, the cultivation unit 3 is a space in which three buds are cultivated, and a stepped inward is formed in the central part to enable the installation of the cradle 4, the cradle 4 is installed on the stepped, and the center of the stepped A through hole is formed.

The size of the cultivation unit space may vary depending on the purpose of use of the grower, and may be, for example, 3 to 10 L. In one embodiment, the diameter of the cultivation unit may be 15 to 50 cm or 20 to 25 cm, and the height may be 10 to 30 cm or 10 to 15 cm. One or more stepped jaws may be formed inward at a central portion of the cultivation unit, and a tray may be installed on each of the one or more stepped jaws. In this case, the lowermost tray is an auxiliary tray, and the dead samsprout or impurities falling from the upper tray can be received to prevent the dead samsprout or impurities from falling into the water storage unit 2.

The inner spacing of the tray 4 may vary depending on the size of the three seeds to be grown, and the inner spacing may be, for example, 1 to 2 mm.

In the present invention, the water storage unit 2 is formed under the cultivation unit, and water supplied to the cultivation unit is accommodated therein. The upper portion of the water storage unit is opened so that water sprayed to the cultivation unit can be drained while falling. The size of the space of the water storage unit may vary depending on the purpose of use of the grower, and may be, for example, 3 to 10 L. In one embodiment, the diameter of the cultivation unit may be 15 to 50 cm or 20 to 25 cm, and the height may be 10 to 30 cm or 10 to 15 cm. In addition, in one embodiment, the cultivation unit and the water storage unit may be configured as a single barrel. The water storage unit 2 may be additionally installed with a heater (not shown) for heating the water and a temperature sensor (not shown) capable of measuring the temperature of the water so that the water contained therein can maintain a constant temperature. have.

In the present invention, the operation unit 1 is installed under the water storage unit to serve as a support for supporting the Samsak cultivator, and a water pump is incorporated. The operating unit may be provided with a temperature setting device that is electrically connected to a heater and a temperature sensor installed in the water storage unit to control the operation of the heater and the temperature sensor. The temperature setting device displays the temperature of water sensed by the temperature sensor, and when the displayed temperature is lowered from the appropriate temperature, the temperature setting device is operated to play, and the heater is controlled through the operated temperature setting device, and the water storage unit The water stored in can be heated to an appropriate temperature.

In addition, the operation unit may further include a timer setting device (not shown), and the water of the water storage unit may be circulated and sprayed to the upper side of the tray under the control of the timer setting device.

In addition, in the present invention, the water supply means is installed through the cultivation unit in the operation unit to supply water stored in the water storage unit to the cultivation unit. The water supply means may be electrically connected to a timer setting device to circulate water in the water storage unit under the control of the timer setting device to evenly spray water to the sprouts of the tray.

The water supply means includes a water pump (not shown), a water transfer pipe 7, a water supply passage 5 and a water drain passage 9.

A water pump is installed inside the operation unit and receives water from the water storage unit through the water pump inlet 6 under the control of the timer setting device, and a water transfer pipe transfers the water supplied to the water pump to the cultivation unit. It is connected to the water pump so as to extend vertically to the top of the cultivation unit. In one embodiment, the water transfer pipe may be formed to extend to the upper side of the tray through the through hole of the tray installed in the cultivation unit. In addition, the water supply passage is connected to the water storage unit from an external water supply source to supply water to the water storage unit, and the water drain passage is connected to the water storage unit and can discharge water from the water storage unit to the outside. .

Since the existing small-sized sprout cultivation device (non-continuous water-returning cultivation device) does not have a water supply passage and a drainage passage and uses a method that regularly exchanges water, it is a germination inhibitory substance that leaches from the cultivation section when cultivating Samsprout. The water contaminated by the back has to be recycled until it is replaced. Since the Samsak cultivator of the present invention includes a water supply passage and a water drain passage, the water in the water storage unit can always be kept in a clean state through continuous supply and drainage through the water supply passage and the water drain passage. In addition, in the present invention, in order to smoothly supply clean water and drain contaminated water, the water supply passage and the water drain passage may be formed to be spaced apart from each other, and the water drain passage may be formed on the upper side of the water supply passage. .

In addition, in the present invention, the water supply means may additionally include a water supply pipe extending in all directions so as to spray water evenly to the upper side of the sprout contained in the tray, and a spray nozzle 8 at the lower side of the water supply pipe Can be formed.

The Samsak cultivation machine according to the present invention can be expressed as a continuous water exchange type cultivator because continuous supply and drainage through the water supply passage and the water drainage passage are smooth.

In addition, the present invention provides a samsak cultivation method comprising the step of cultivating samsak using the aforementioned samsak cultivation machine.

In the present invention, by cultivating Samsak in a manner that continuously supplies clean water to the tray using the above-described Samsak cultivator, it is possible to obtain Samsak having excellent growth. At this time, the cultivation conditions of the Samsak cultivation period are not particularly limited, and may be cultivated for 5 to 10 days, or 3 to 6 days at 15 to 25°C, or 13 to 23°C. In addition, like the buckwheat sprout cultivation facility shown in FIG. 1, it can be cultivated by supplying clean water to the sprout cultivation tray at intervals of 1 to 8 hours for 5 to 25 minutes.

(A) selecting the three seeds to have a size of 2.8 mm or more according to the present invention;

(B) inputting three seeds into an ethanol solution to select sedimented seeds; And

(C) germinating after mixing the three seeds and sand; One or more of the steps may be further included.

Step (A) is the step of selecting so that the size of the three seeds is 2.8 mm or more. The preferred size of the three seeds may be 2.8 to 3.35 mm. The germination rate is excellent in the above size range.

Step (B) is a step of inputting three seeds into an ethanol solution to select sedimented seeds, wherein the ethanol solution may be 70% ethanol. The three seeds have a thick skin (Testa), and a gap exists between the seed contents such as Cotyledon and the skin. Therefore, the three seeds float in water with their buoyancy, but sink in 70% ethanol, which is less specific than water. In the present invention, by using the sedimented seeds for cultivation of samsprout, it is possible to increase the germination rate, and it is possible to manufacture samsprouts having excellent growth. In addition, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of mold during germination due to the disinfection effect by ethanol.

In addition, in the present invention, before the three seeds are added to the ethanol solution, a step called water may be additionally included. Three more excellent seeds can be selected by soaking in the water. In general, the longer the soaking time is, the greater the proportion of sedimented seeds in 70% ethanol, which is believed to be due to the fact that the water fills the space between the seed content and the shell and becomes heavier. The soaking time of the water may be 2 hours or more, or 2 to 3 hours.

In the present invention, the step (B) may be expressed as fidelity selection, and the three seeds selected through the step may be expressed as a faithful seed or a seed separated from the fidelity.

Step (C) is a step of germinating after mixing three seeds and sand.

If the seeding density is so high that seeds are overlapped in several layers under conditions such as sprout cultivation, the effect of the substance that inhibits germination is kept because the amount of adsorption or decomposition is small, so the germination of adjacent seeds may be suppressed. Exists. Therefore, there is a need for a method for increasing the germination rate while preventing the allelopathy of seeds during the production of Samsak.

In the present invention, the germination rate of the three seeds in the cultivation of the three seeds having high seeding density can be improved by mixing the three seeds with the sand and then germinating them. Specifically, since each of the three seeds is sequestered by sand particles through sand mixing, it is possible to alleviate the allelopathy of the three seeds.

In one embodiment, the particle size of the sand may be 0.35 um to 2.80 mm. In addition, in one embodiment, the weight ratio (w/w) of three seeds and sand may be 1:1.5 to 5, or 1:2 to 3. In addition, the seeding density of the three seeds may be 1 grain/cm2 or more, 10 grains/cm2 or more, 20 grains/cm2 or more, or 25 grains/cm2 or more. The upper limit of the seeding density may be less than 100 grains/cm2. In the above conditions, the germination rate of three seeds is excellent at a high seeding density, and the development of cultivated hemp buds is excellent. The germination may be performed in a closed space, for example, at 20 to 30°C or 24 to 26°C for 1 to 5 days or 20 hours to 3 days.

In addition, in the present invention, it may further include the step of removing sand after germination of the three seeds. The method of removing the sand is not particularly limited, and may be carried out by putting a mixture of germinated three seeds and sand in a sieve and then shaking in water.

In addition, the present invention comprises the steps of selecting so that the size of the three seeds is 2.8 mm or more;

Injecting the three seeds selected in the above step into an ethanol solution to select the precipitated seeds;

Germinating after mixing the three seeds precipitated in the above step and sand;

Separating the sand from the three seeds germinated in the above step; And

It provides a samsak cultivation method comprising the step of cultivating the isolated three seeds using the above-described samsak cultivation machine.

Each of the above steps may be performed through the above-described method, and through the above steps, it is possible to cultivate hemp buds having excellent germination rates and excellent growth.

In summary, the present invention provides an appropriate hemp cultivation device for identifying a practical hemp cultivation method, and also investigates a seed size and fidelity selection method with a high germination rate, and investigates the cause of lowering the germination rate of hemp cultivation with high seeding density, and the germination rate It can provide a way to improve.

Hereinafter, the configuration and effects of the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

Example.

(1) Test material

The three seeds used in the present invention were produced in the 2016 National Institute of Food Science and Technology's Bio-Energy Crop Laboratory test packaging (34.97°N, 126.45°E) (variety name: Cheongsam). The three seeds harvested and threshed were dried in the sun for 5 days and selected with a fan, and their physical properties are shown in Table 1.

For the size of three seeds, 20 seeds were placed in a document copier (FX DocuCentre-III 3007 PCL 6, Korean Fuji Xerox, Korea), and the length and width were measured after 200% enlarged copying. The three seeds are uniaxial, and the occupying area occupied by the unit seeds is larger than the seed area (length/2 × width/2 × 3.14) when the seeds are spread densely on the plane. Since this study included the amount of seeds sown per unit area (number of grains or weight), the seed occupying area was calculated by multiplying the length and width. The weight of 1,000 seeds was measured in 5 repetitions for the thousands of seeds, and the weight of 1 liter of seeds in the L weight was measured in 5 repetitions and averaged.

Size Thousand
(g) L of
(g/L) Length(mm) Width(mm) Seed charge area (㎟) 4.84±0.25 3.54±0.24 17.2±1.74 22.9±0.19 603±7 Values are mean±SD

(2) Samsak cultivation period

In the present invention, a non-continuous water exchange type small sprout cultivator (Sprouter, (KSP-1000, Gwangmyeong Control Electronics Co., Ltd., Korea)) used a continuous water exchange type samsprout cultivator modified from the leachate exchange method discharged from the cultivation unit. .

The configuration of the small continuous water exchange type samsak cultivator used in the present invention is shown in FIG.

Specifically, the watering method of the non-continuous water return type sprout cultivator is about 1.5 through the water pump inlet 6 and the water transfer pipe 7 filled in the water storage unit 2 by the water pump installed in the operation unit (1). The sprouts growing on the tray (4) of the cultivation part (3) are watered through the spray nozzle (T-shaped watering machine, 8) by pumping it at a rate of L/min. The sprinkled water passes through the tray and collects in a bucket for recycling, and the water is changed once a day. A water supply channel (5, a water supply channel) was formed next to the lower absorption port of the water tank of the non-continuous water exchange type sprout cultivation machine, and a water drainage channel (9, a drainage channel) was formed on the opposite side. This modified sprout cultivation is a continuous water exchange cultivation device, and clean water is continuously supplied through the water supply passage and the absorption hole at the bottom of the bucket, and the water leached from the cultivation tank after use is discharged to the water drainage passage above the bucket. Compared to, clean water was continuously supplied.

Experimental example 1. Return method (continuous and Discontinuous ) Effect of cultivation

① Method

In order to confirm the effect of the continuous water exchange-type Samsak cultivation period on the cultivation of Samsak, 208 g of three seeds were sown in the tray (size: 415 ㎠) of the continuous water exchange-type cultivation and non-continuous water exchange-type cultivation (control). This seeding amount corresponds to the seeding amount of cultivated crops in mass production facilities of 5 kg/㎡.

The modified continuous water exchange cultivator continuously supplied clean water at a rate of 2.5 L/hour, and the non-continuous water exchange cultivator was cultivated for 4 days while changing the used water once a day. In addition, the operation of the pump pumping water into the water container and giving water to the cultivation container was controlled by a timer to operate 15 minutes every 4 hours.

The test was carried out in a single repetition, and after 4 days, whether or not sprouts were spoiled and the degree of contamination of water drained from the cultivation tank was visually observed, and photographs were taken.

② result

Fig. 3 shows the results of cultivation of samsprouts in the continuous water exchange-type samsprout cultivation and non-continuous water exchange-type sprout cultivators (photographs of the samsprouts cultivated by the sprout cultivation and water drained into the bucket). Specifically, the two pictures on the left are pictures grown with a non-continuous return-type sprout cultivator, and the two pictures on the right are pictures cultivated by a continuous return type sprout cultivator.

As shown in FIG. 3, when three seeds were sown in a non-continuous water-return sprout cultivation machine, and the water in the storage tank was changed once a day for cultivation, after 4 days, the sprouts were decayed and the water in the water tank was contaminated, resulting in bubbles. However, it was observed that when cultivated in the continuous water exchange type samssap cultivator according to the present invention, the sprouts do not rot and the water in the bucket is kept clean.

Therefore, it is considered to be appropriate to use a continuous water-return type samssack cultivator to reduce the risk of spoilage of samsaks when cultivating various cultivation tests that require multiple treatments and repetitions or cultivating small amounts for self-consumption.

Experimental Example 2. Selection of seed size and fidelity to improve the germination rate of three seeds

(1) Characteristics and germination rate by seed size

① Method

Three seeds of 1 kg are put in an Experimental Sieve with an eye size of 3.35 mm (No. 6) and 2.80 mm (No. 7), and bereaved, and the size is 3.35 mm or more, 2.80 to 3.35 mm , After classification as being 2.80mm or less, the weight ratio by size, the weight and germination rate of each size were measured.

The weight was measured by counting 1,000 seeds each before and after being soaked in water for 3 hours. Germination rate was No. 1 on a germination test dish (Petri Dish) with a diameter and height of 9 cm and 1 cm, respectively. 2 After spreading a sheet of filter paper and sowing 100 seeds soaked in water, 10 mL of distilled water was added to cover the lid and cultured in a 25°C incubator. The germination rate was investigated after cultivation for about 48 hours, and it was considered to have germinated when the radicle penetrated the testa and converted into a percentage compared to the number of sown seeds (100). The test for the germination rate was performed in triplicate, and then the Duncan multiple test was performed with the SAS statistical analysis package (version 9.3-2012; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) to test the significance at the P value ≤ 0.05 level.

② result

Distribution of three seeds by size, before soaking in water

Table 2 below shows the results of examining the weight and germination rate.

② result

The distribution by size of three seeds, the weight of the grains before and after soaking in water, and the germination rate were investigated in Table 2 below.

Seed size (㎜) Distribution ratio ^a
(%) Thousand weight (g) Germination rate
(%) ^a Before being soaked in water ^a After soaking in water ^a >3.35 15.8 b 28.0 a 44.7 a 67.0 a 2.80∼3.35 74.9 a 22.9 b 36.3 b 70.0 a 2.80> 9.3 c 15.5 c 20.7 c 57.3 b a, b (Duncan multiple test result): If the characters in the same column are the same, they are not significantly different at the 5% level.

As shown in Table 2, the ratio of seeds with a size of 2.80 to 3.35 mm was the most, with 74.9%, and the seeds were 22.9g and 36.3g respectively, and the germination rate was 70.0% before and after soaking in water. It was high. The ratio of seeds with a size of 2.8㎜ or less was the smallest at 9.3%, and the weights before and after soaking in water were 15.5g and 20.7g, respectively, significantly lighter than other seeds, and the germination rate was the lowest at 57.3%.

Therefore, it can be seen that seeds with a size of 3.35 mm or more and 2.80 to 3.35 mm were suitable for sprout cultivation, but those less than 2.8 mm were not suitable.

(2) Fidelity seed separation method with high germination rate

① Method

70% ethanol was prepared as the fidelity separation medium. The treatment content was set as the time soaked in water before the seeds were put in the separation medium, and were set as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours, and the one soaked only in water and not separated fidelity was set as "contrast". The rate of sedimentation and suspension in the medium for each treatment was investigated.

In addition, in order to confirm the cause of the seed not settling in water, dry seeds were cut along the sewing line and photographed with a 60 magnification microscope (EGVM-452M, EG TECH, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Korea). The germination test was performed in the same manner as in (1) of Experimental Example 2 (3 repetitions), and the germination rate was investigated for 2 days, and the significance (P value ≤ 0.05) was tested by Duncan's multiple test.

② result

In order to confirm the difference in the medium for sedimentation and sedimentation of suspended seeds, three seeds were added to distilled water and 70% ethanol and observed results are shown in FIG. 4. Specifically, in FIG. 4, the left photo is a photo using distilled water and the right photo is 70% ethanol as a medium.

As shown in FIG. 4, most of the seeds added to distilled water were floating, but the seeds added to 70% ethanol were separated into sedimented and suspended ones.

The seeds were soaked with distilled water for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours and then added to 70% ethanol to separate the sedimented seeds, and then the germination rate was investigated for 2 days, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

Time soaked in water
(time) Separation ratio (%) Sediment seed germination rate by day (%) sedimentation floating Day 1 Day 2 0 (dry seeds) 69.0 b 31.0 a 57.7 c 87.7 a One 65.6 b 34.4 a 80.0 a 90.7 a 2 68.3 ab 31.7 ab 75.0 ab 94.3 a 3 74.0 a 26.0 b 73.7 ab 87.7 a 4 78.0 a 22.0 b 71.7 b 86.3 a Do not separate (contrast) - 29.7 d 64.0 b a, b (Duncan multiple test result): If the characters in the same column are the same, they are not significantly different at the 5% level.

As shown in Table 3, seeds without separating fidelity had a low germination rate of 29.7% and 64.0%, respectively, on days 1 and 2, but seeds sunk in 70% ethanol generally had a higher germination rate compared to not isolated. The separation ratio of seeds soaked in the medium (70% ethanol) increased significantly as the time soaked in water increased, and the separation ratio of seeds soaked for 4 hours was 78%. The germination rate on day 1 was the highest at 80.0% for seeds soaked in distilled water for 1 hour, and 57.7% for seeds that were not soaked, so there was a significant difference, but on the second day, there was no significant difference according to the time soaked in distilled water at 86.3 to 94.3%.

The L weight of the three seeds is 603g/L (Table 1), which is similar to that of rice seeds. Rice seed has a thin skin and has little space between the contents such as endosperm and the skin, so it is put into a medium with a high specific gravity such as salt water, and sediment seeds are separated and used for sowing (Seong et al., 2014).

5 is a photograph showing the structure of three seeds, which is taken after cutting along the seam line of dry seeds. In the above photo, the ruler scale interval on the right is 0.5mm. As shown in FIG. 5, the three seeds have a thick skin (Testa) and a gap exists between the seed content such as cotyledon and the skin, so that they float in water by their buoyancy, but in 70% ethanol, which is smaller in specific gravity than water, It appears to have sunk. In addition, the increase in the ratio of sedimented seeds in 70% ethanol as the soaking time increases is predicted to be due to the fact that the water fills the space between the seed contents and the shell and becomes heavy.

Therefore, in order to cultivate hemp sprouts, it would be advantageous to soak the hemp seeds in water for 2 to 4 hours, and then to separate the settled seeds by adding them to 70% ethanol.

(3) Investigation of the sprout cultivation effect of fidelity separated seeds

① Method

208 g of three seeds are soaked in water for 3 hours and then added to 70% ethanol, and the sedimented seeds are used as seeds with separated fidelity, that is,'separated seeds', and seeds soaked in water as'contrast' but not separated fidelity are used. I did.

Germination containers (30 cm, 30 cm, and 5 cm in height, width, length, and height, respectively) were prepared, two sheets of kitchen towel were laid on the floor, and 50 mL of distilled water was added. Each seed was evenly spread and covered with a thin plastic so that moisture does not evaporate, and then incubated in an incubator at 25° C. for 48 hours. After cultivation, the degree of mold development was observed and photographed, and then cultivated for 5 days in a continuous water exchange sprout cultivation device according to the present invention.

After the cultivation, whether sprouts were sprouted, Amounts of harvested sprout, Sprouting yield, and Ratio of sprouting seeds were investigated. The sprout yield was calculated by multiplying the area conversion factor of 24.1 (1㎡ ÷ 415㎠) by the body weight of sprouts harvested in the cultivation tray (415 ㎠). The sprout yield was taken as a percentage of the sprout weight compared to the seed weight. The sprout seed ratio was calculated as the percentage of the number of seed grains investigated by taking about 100 seeds remaining on the bottom after harvesting the sprouts, separating testa and cotyledon, and emptying the inside as'sprout seeds'. . The cultivation test was carried out in three repetitions, and the survey results were tested by Student's t-test using the SAS statistical analysis package (version 9.3-2012; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).

② result

In order to confirm the effect of separating seed fidelity on cultivation of hemp sprouts, the results of cultivation with a continuous water exchange type sprout cultivator by germinating the separated fidelity and the non-fidelity are shown in FIGS. 6 and 4.

Specifically, FIG. 6 shows germination after germination (25° C., 48 hours) (left picture) and harvested hemp buds (right picture) according to whether or not three seed fidelity is separated.

Quantity characteristics Separation ^a Non-separated ^a p -value Sprout yield (㎏/㎡) 8.6±0.7 4.2±1.7 ^* Sprout yield (%) 171.6±13.9 84.3±33.2 ^* Sprout seed ratio (%) 9.6±3.5 9.4±2.2 ^{NS a} value means mean ± standard deviation
NS, *: Results of Student's t-test for each sedimentation seed was not statistically significant, but significant at 5% level.

As shown in FIG. 6, when the seeds without separation of fidelity were germinated in an incubator at 25° C. for 48 hours, molds were generated (1), and rot occurred in the lower part after cultivation for 5 days (3). However, when the fidelity was separated, no mold occurred (2), and no rot occurred after 5 days of cultivation (4).

In addition, as shown in Table 4, sprout yield and sprout yield were measured to be 8.6 kg/m 2 and 171.6%, respectively, when fidelity was separated, compared to 4.2 kg/m 2 and 83.4% of seeds without fidelity separation. The proportions of sprout seeds (seeds developed into sprouts with cotyledons separated from seed coats) were 9.6% and 9.4%, respectively, and there was no significant difference. As shown in the above results, the reason why seeds separated from fidelity do not develop mold and rot during germination and sprout cultivation is considered to be due to the disinfection effect of 70% ethanol during the process of separating fidelity.

For bean sprouts and bean sprouts, sprouts rot during the cultivation process if the raw seeds are contaminated with fungi or are not lodged. To prevent this, faithful seeds must be selected and well sterilized (Price, 1988; Yun et al., 2011; Chon et al. , 2013). In order to prevent the occurrence of mold and rotting during germination and sprout cultivation of three seeds, it is considered essential to separate and disinfect faithful seeds. Buckwheat sprouts with hard skins like hemp seeds have a sprout yield of about 765% when cultivated for 5 days (Kim et al., 2001). However, in this test, the yield of hemp sprouts is significantly lower than that of buckwheat sprouts because the cotyledons are separated from the seed coat and sprouts This is thought to be due to the low ratio of seeds developed by the method (sprout seed ratio). In the germination test (seeding density: 1.6 grains/㎠) in which 100 grains of three seeds were sown in a 9cm-diameter patri dish, the germination rate was high enough to be more than 90% (Table 3). Density: 29 grains/cm2), the germination rate rapidly decreased.

Therefore, for the practical production of hemp sprouts, it is believed that a technique to increase the yield by increasing the sprout seed ratio is necessary.

Experimental example 3. Seeding density Finding out how to improve the germination rate of high sprout cultivation

(1) Investigation of changes in germination rate by seeding density of three seeds

① Method

A 78.5 cm 2 wide and 4 cm high Petri dish was prepared as a test container, a No.2 filter paper was laid on the bottom, and 10 mL of distilled water was added. Here, the faithful seeds 79, 157, 314, 628, 942, 1,256, 1,570, 1,884, 2,198 (grains) separated by the method of Experimental Example 2 were sown. Each seeding amount was expressed as'Seeds overlapping multiple (seeds overlapping area ÷ 1㎠)' indicating the degree of overlapping of seeds per unit area (see Table 1), seed area (refer to Table 1), and seed area per unit area. , The results are shown in Table 5 below.

Actual seeding density
(Lip/78.5 ㎠) 79 157 314 628 942 1,256 1,570 1,884 2.198 Seeding density per unit area
(Lip/㎠) One 2 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 Seed area
(㎟) 17.2 34.4 68.8 137.6 206.4 275.2 344.0 412.8 481.6 Seed overlapping multiple 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.4 4.1 4.8

The paddy dish seeded with seeds was cultured in an incubator at 25° C. for 48 hours, and then 100 seeds were randomly taken from each treatment to investigate the germination rate. Seeds with visible radicles or open micropyle were considered germinated and converted into percentages. This test was also carried out in three repetitions, and the relationship between the sprouting rate and the seeding density was regressed with the SAS statistical analysis package (version 9.3-2012; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).

② result

Fig. 7 shows the results of testing the relationship between the seeding amount and germination rate of three seeds for practical production of samsprout. In FIG. 7, the “I” bar represents the standard deviation of the results of the three-repeat germination rate survey.

As shown in FIG. 7, the regression equation'y = 107.77x-0.565' was derived between the germination rate (y) and the seeding density (x), but the significance was recognized as R2 = 0.9774 (p ≤ 0.001). In other words, the germination rate was high as 91.1% in rare seeds with the lowest seeding density of 1 grain/cm2 (seed overlapping factor of 0.2), but the higher the seeding density, the higher the seeding density, the lower the germination rate exponentially, resulting in 28 grains/cm2 (seed overlapping factor of 4.8). Was 15.3%.

Several species of higher plants are known to exhibit'Allelopathy' in which exudates or metabolites secreted during growth inhibit the germination or growth of adjacent plants (Cecile et al., 2003; Khan; and Shahid, 2007; Dayakar, 2009). Hemp leaf extract is also known to exhibit “allo-allelopathy” that inhibits the germination of monocotyledonous plant seeds. Among plants, “auto-allelopathy” species such as African wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus L.F.) that inhibit the germination or growth of the same species have also been reported (Maila & Mashela, 2013). Even if hemp is cultivated for several years in the same field for the purpose of producing fiber or seed, serial cropping does not occur (Moon et al., 2002). The reason seems to be that the toxic substances are adsorbed to soil particles or decomposed by soil microorganisms when growing in the field of hemp (1975, Newman & Rovira). When the seeding density is so high that the seeds are overlapped in several layers under soilless conditions such as sprout cultivation, the amount of toxic substances adsorbed or decomposed is small and the toxicity is maintained, so it seems to inhibit the germination of adjacent seeds.

Therefore, in order to increase the germination rate while preventing the allelopathy of seeds during commercial production of Samsak, it is considered necessary to investigate a method of sowing seeds apart from each other.

(2) Investigation of the effect of mixing sand to improve the germination rate of three seeds with high seeding density

① Method

The three seeds used in the test were separated by the method of Experimental Example 2 and used faithful ones. Construction sand was purchased, and salt, etc. was sufficiently washed for 2 weeks (5 times/day), passed through a 2mm sieve, and remaining on a 355㎛ sieve was prepared. The prepared sand was put in a polypropylene bag that could drain water and left in the shade for 2 weeks to remove gravity water. Seeds and sand were mixed at 24:0, 24:24, 24:48, and 24:72 so that the seed:sand mixture ratio was 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. A mixture of seeds and sand was put in a transparent plastic container (corresponding to a seeding density of 29 grains/cm2) and incubated in a 25°C incubator for 48 hours. After cultivation, the germinated seed and sand mixture were put in a 280 mm sieve and shaken in water to remove the sand having a greater specific gravity than the seeds.

Germination seeds from which sand was removed were examined for germination rate and young root length by the method of (1) of Experimental Example 3. This test was also carried out in 3 iterations, and the results of the survey were tested for the Duncan multiple test significance (P value ≤ 0.05) with the SAS statistical analysis package (version 9.3-2012; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).

② result

8 is a photograph of removing sand by mixing seeds and sand for 48 hours to improve the germination rate of three seeds (29 grains/㎠) having high seeding density. At this time, the mixed sand was put in a 2.80 mm sieve and shaken in water to remove.

In addition, the results of the investigation of the germination rate and root length of three seeds are shown in Table 6 below.

Mixing ratio
(Seed: sand, w/w) Germination rate (%) ^a Yugeunjang (㎜) ^a No treatment 19.9 c 3.8 d 1:1 50.5 b 8.6 c 1:2 57.9 a 11.8 b 1:3 58.7 a 13.4 a ^{a If} the characters in the same column are the same as a result of the Duncan multiplex test, they are not significantly different at the 5% level.

As shown in Table 6, when the seeds germinated alone without mixing with sand, the germination rate was as low as 19.9% and the root length was short as 3.8 mm, whereas when germinated by mixing sand, the germination rate and the root length were improved. At the sand mixing ratio of 1:3, the germination rate was high at 58.7%, and the root length was 13.4 mm.

It is believed that this is because the auto-allelopathy of the three seeds was alleviated as each seeds were sequestered by sand particles by sand mixing.

(3) Investigation of the sprout cultivation effect of three seeds germinated by sand mixing

① Method

As in Experimental Example 2 (3), 208 g of three seeds were soaked in distilled water for 3 hours and then added to 70% ethanol to separate the settled ones, and after removing excess water with a kitchen towel, the seed weight was measured (330 g). The seed and sand soaked in water and separated with 70% ethanol are mixed at a weight ratio of 3:1, put in a transparent plastic container of 20 cm, 27 cm, and 10 cm in width, length, and height, respectively, and close the lid, and then incubator at 25°C. Incubated for 48 hours to sprout. The seed-sand mixture after sprouted was put in a sieve with an eye size of 2.80 mm by the method of (2) in Experimental Example 3 and shaken in water to remove the sand. The seeds from which the sand was removed were sown in the continuous water exchange type samssap cultivator according to the present invention and cultivated for 5 days. As a contrast, those germinated without mixing sand (practice) were cultivated in the same sprout cultivator.

During the cultivation period, the length of the hemp sprout that grew the longest from the bottom of the tray on time every day was measured as'sprout height'. After harvesting 5 days after cultivation and measuring the living weight, 20 shoots were randomly taken to measure the hypocotyl length, root length, total length, and hypocotyl thickness, and 100 shoots were taken to measure the weight of 100 shoots. Samsak, whose biological characteristics were investigated, was frozen at -20°C and dried for 3 days in a freeze dryer (LP20, Ilshin Bio Base Co. Std., Korea), and the weight was measured. Samsak water content was taken as a percentage of the water weight (living weight-dry matter weight) to the living weight. Samsack living body and dry matter yields were investigated for sprout seed ratio, living body and dry matter yield, living body and dry matter yield, and the like in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2 (3). All items were examined in triplicate, and then Student's t-test was performed using the SAS statistical analysis package (version 9.3-2012; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).

② result

In order to investigate the sprout cultivation effect of the three seeds germinated with sand mixture, the results of cultivation in a continuous water exchange type small sprout cultivator and the daily'sprouting length' and sprout yield characteristics are shown in FIGS. 9 and 7 .

9 is a graph showing the change in the length of three buds of three seeds germination method.

In addition, a photograph of the scheduled time every day during the cultivation period (5 days) is shown in FIG. 11, and a photograph of the grown hemp sprout is shown in FIG. 12.

characteristic Germination method p- value Seed alone ^a Sand mixing ratio ^a Lower hypocotyl length (cm) 5.65±0.20 9.67±0.32 ^** Root length (cm) 3.43±0.32 7.63±0.47 ^** Total shoot length (cm) 9.08±0.49 17.3±0.53 ^** Lower hypocotyl thickness (㎜) 0.72±0.01 0.72±0.01 NS Weight of 100 buds (g) 53.8±5.25 73.5±1.95 ^** Moisture content (%) 97.7±0.05 98.3±0.04 ^* Sprout seed ratio (%) 9.5±2.7 62.8±3.5 ^*** Sprout yield
(㎏/㎡) Fresh 8.2±1.36 47.9±0.73 ^*** building 0.19±0.04 0.79±0.01 ^*** Sprout yield
(%) Fresh 164±27.2 955±14.6 ^*** building 3.9±0.70 15.8±0.24 ^{*** a} value means mean ± standard deviation
NS, *, **, ***: Results of Student's t-test of three seed germination methods, respectively, have no statistical significance, and are significant at the levels of 5%, 1%, and 0.1%, respectively.

As shown in Fig. 9 and Table 7, the sprout height of the three seeds germinated by sand mixing grew 7.2 cm on the third day of cultivation, and 10.8 cm on the fifth day, compared to 3.5 cm and 5.8 cm of germinated seeds alone. Grew long In the post-harvest investigation, germination by mixing with sand in all the yield components [total sprout (root + hypocotyl) length, 100 shoots, living body and dry matter yield] except hypocotyl thickness was significantly superior to seed germination alone. .

Therefore, the living body and dry matter of harvested sprouts were 47.9kg/㎡ and 0.79kg/㎡ respectively in seeds germinated by mixing with sand, which was significantly higher than 8.2kg and 0.19kg/㎡ in seed germination alone (p ≤ 0.001). .

Through the examples of the present invention, it can be seen that the yield of samsprout can be dramatically increased by applying the following germination rate improvement method.

end. When cultivating sprouts by sowing three seeds in the conventional non-continuous water-return sprout cultivation machine, the sprouts are decayed and the water in the bucket is contaminated, which is not suitable for cultivation. The sprout will not rot and the water in the bucket can be kept clean.

I. The germination rate of three seeds with a seed size of 2.80 to 3.35 nm is 70.0%, which is excellent in germination efficiency at 57.3%, which is a germination rate of 2.80 mm or less.

All. The three seeds float when added to water due to the buoyancy of the empty space between the contents and the shell, but when added to 70% ethanol, the faithful seeds settle and the faithful seeds can be separated.

la. Soaked in distilled water for 2 hours or more, and put in 70% ethanol for sedimentation and selection after 2 days, the germination rate of the selected three seeds is 86.3~94.3%, and there is no mold or decay during the germination and cultivation period. It is superior to 4.2kg/㎡ of the one not sorted by /㎡.

hemp. Three seeds had a high germination rate of 91.1% at 1 grain/cm2 with the lowest seeding density. As the seeding density increased, the germination rate decreased exponentially, resulting in a germination rate of 15.3% at 28 grains/cm2.

bar. If the seeding density is increased to about 29 grains/cm2 and germinated by mixing sand and seeds at a weight of 2 to 3:1 when cultivating hemp buds, the germination rate is 57.9~58.7%, which is higher than 19.9% of seed germination alone.

four. When cultivation of samsprout with three seeds germinated by mixing with sand, the yield and yield of fresh samsprout were 47.9kg/㎡ and 955%, respectively, compared to 8.2kg/㎡ and 164% of seeds germinated alone.

Claims (12)

A cultivation unit having a stepped inwardly formed in a central portion to enable the installation of a cradle, a cradle is installed in the stepped, and a through hole formed in the center of the stepped;
A water storage unit formed below the cultivation unit and receiving water supplied to the cultivation unit therein;
An operation unit installed below the water storage unit and having a built-in water pump; And
It is installed so as to pass through to the top of the tray of the cultivation unit in the operation unit, and includes a water supply means for circulating water of the water storage unit and spraying it to the upper side of the tray,
The water supply means is a water pump installed inside the operation unit and receiving water from the water storage unit; A water transfer pipe connected to the water pump to transfer water supplied to the water pump to the cultivation unit and extending vertically to an upper portion of the tray of the cultivation unit; A water supply passage connected to the lower portion of the water storage unit and for supplying water to the water storage unit; And a water drainage passage connected to an upper portion of the water storage unit and spaced apart from the water supply passage, and configured to discharge water from the water storage unit to the outside. The method of claim 1,
The cultivation period of Samsak, which is the sprout of Cannabis sativa .
The method of claim 1,
The operation unit further includes a timer setting device, wherein the water from the water storage unit is circulated and sprayed to the upper side of the tray under the control of the timer setting device.
Samsak cultivation method comprising the step of cultivating samsak in a manner that continuously supplies clean water to the tray by using the samsak cultivator according to claim 1.
The method of claim 4,
A method of cultivating samsprout further comprising one or more of the following steps:
Selecting the three seeds to have a size of 2.8 mm or more;
Injecting three seeds into an ethanol solution, and selecting the precipitated seeds;
Step of germinating after mixing three seeds and sand
The method of claim 5,
In the step of introducing the three seeds into the ethanol solution and selecting the sedimented seeds, the method of cultivating samsprout further comprises a step of soaking the three seeds into water before adding them to the ethanol solution.
The method of claim 6,
How to cultivate three buds that are soaked in water for more than 2 hours.
The method of claim 5,
In the step of germinating after mixing hemp seed and sand, the particle size of the sand is 0.35 um to 2.80 mm.
The method of claim 5,
In the step of germinating after mixing the three seeds and the sand, the weight ratio (w/w) of the three seeds and the sand is 1:1.5 to 5 in the Samsak cultivation method.
The method of claim 5,
In the step of germinating after mixing hemp seed and sand, hemp seed cultivation method has a seeding density of 1 grain/㎠ or more.
The method of claim 5,
Samsprout cultivation method further comprising the step of removing the sand after germination of the three seeds in the step of germinating after mixing the three seeds and sand.
Selecting the three seeds to have a size of 2.8 mm or more;
Injecting the three seeds selected in the above step into an ethanol solution to select the precipitated seeds;
Germinating after mixing the three seeds and sand precipitated in the above step in a weight ratio of 1:1.5 to 5 or 1:2 to 3;
Separating the sand from the three seeds germinated in the above step; And
Samsak cultivation method comprising the step of cultivating the isolated three seeds using the three buds cultivation device according to claim 1.

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