KR102081956B1 - Apparatus for pyrolyzing waste - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus for pyrolyzing waste processes and reducing the volume of waste by pyrolysis, comprises: a reactor allowing waste to be fed thereinto to be pyrolyzed; and a combustion gas processing unit to purify combustion gas created by the pyrolysis. Ionized air is supplied into the reactor. Far-infrared rays generated from a ceramic layer in the reactor boosts pyrolysis speed. According to the present invention, materials created by pyrolysis of waste can be turned into resources as ceramic components. A volume reduction rate is 95% or higher in comparison to a feeding amount of waste, which is close to complete dissolution. Separate fuel is not needed by continuous independent combustion of waste. An unmanned apparatus for pyrolyzing waste can be provided. The temperature of the outer wall of the reactor is maintained at 100°C or lower to eliminate a need for an insulator to reduce facility costs.

Description

Waste pyrolysis unit {APPARATUS FOR PYROLYZING WASTE}

The present invention relates to an apparatus for decomposing waste. In detail, the present invention relates to an apparatus for thermally decomposing wastes.

The generation of flammable waste continues to increase, and treatment methods are disclosed. Wastes that cannot be recycled are treated by incineration, which causes NOx, Sox, and dioxin to cause environmental pollution.

In order to remove harmful substances generated during incineration, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0471344 (hereinafter referred to as Invention 1) provides a method of melting pyrolysis and residual residues and a method of removing harmful gases using plasma.

In addition, Korean Patent Registration No. 10-0563706 (hereinafter referred to as Invention 2) provides a method of thermally decomposing noxious gas at high temperature using fuel.

However, the conventional incineration method has a problem in that the material produced as a result of incineration is difficult to be recycled to be used in industry again. In addition, large-scale facilities and costs are needed to equip the reactor with heat-resistant materials, fuel and safety devices for high temperature incineration.

Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-0471344 (Registered February 01, 2005) Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-0563706 (registered March 16, 2006)

An object of the present invention is to provide a device that decomposes waste, but does not discharge pollutants such as dioxins.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a saponification apparatus that can recycle waste through pyrolysis.

To this end, the present invention provides a device for pyrolyzing waste at low temperatures without generating a flame by forming a low oxygen atmosphere. In detail, a device for decomposing waste introduced into a reactor having an opening inside, wherein the reactor includes a ceramic layer positioned downward and a heating unit located in an upper direction of the ceramic layer and heating the ceramic layer. Depending on the height, it is divided into a reactant which generates heat energy in the upper direction of the heating part and a pyrolysis atmosphere which is located in the upper direction of the reactant, and as the ceramic layer is heated by the heating part and the reactant to emit far infrared rays, the reactant is exposed to far infrared rays. There is provided a waste pyrolysis apparatus which is pyrolyzed and ceramicized to form ash.

According to the present invention, the material produced by the thermal decomposition of the waste can be resourceized as a ceramic component.

In addition, according to the present invention, the ratio of the reduction to the input amount of the waste is more than 95% close to complete annihilation treatment.

In addition, according to the present invention, the continuous independent combustion of the waste, there is no need for a separate fuel.

In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an unmanned waste pyrolysis device.

In addition, according to the present invention, the outer wall temperature of the reactor is maintained below 100 ℃ do not require a heat insulating material, saving the cost of the facility.

1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a waste pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing that the waste is introduced into the reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the layer relationship of the waste located inside the reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a fluid supply and an ionizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a combustion gas treatment unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. In addition, in order to clearly describe the present invention, parts not related to the present invention are omitted, and the same or similar reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar components.

The objects and effects of the present invention may be naturally understood or more apparent from the following description, and the objects and effects of the present invention are not limited only by the following description.

The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description. In addition, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that the detailed description of the known technology related to the present invention may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a waste pyrolysis apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Prior to explaining the present invention, the wastes include organic or combustible wastes including municipal waste, food waste, pay-as-you-go bags, combustible waste (plastic, rubber, paper, wood, etc.) and organic sludges discharged from the workplace. it means. In addition, in the present invention, "vertical direction" refers to the up and down direction with respect to the ground, and "upward direction" refers to the upper direction in the drawings unless otherwise indicated as an up direction with respect to the ground. In addition, the waste w0 is divided into a pyrolysis air w1 and a reactant w2 according to the height inside the reactor 100. In detail, the waste (w0) is divided into a reactant (w2) located in the upper direction of the heating unit 140, which will be described later, and a pyrolysis atmosphere (w1) located in the upper direction of the reactant (w2).

The present invention includes a reactor 100 into which waste W0 is introduced and pyrolyzed therein, and a combustion gas treatment unit 200 for purifying combustion gas G0 generated through the pyrolysis. In detail, the reactor 100 is vertically pyrolyzed in which waste (W0) is injected from the upper end and sequentially dried, carbonized, decomposed, and ceramicized, and the ash of the ceramic component that can be recycled is discharged to the lower end. Has a structure. In addition, the combustion gas (G0) generated by the pyrolysis is moved to the combustion gas processing unit 200 through the combustion gas discharge unit 120 provided on the upper side to be purified and then become an exhaust gas (G1) free of harmful substances and then to atmosphere. Discharged to the air.

2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a reactor 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing that waste is introduced into the reactor 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reactor 100 includes a ceramic layer c, an inlet 110, a combustion gas outlet 120, a fluid supply 130, a heating unit 140, and an ash outlet 150. To this end, the reactor 100 is provided in the form of a box in which the interior is opened and closed but the waste can be input in the upward direction through the inlet 110. As a more preferred embodiment, there is a thermometer for each height in the reactor 100 can be confirmed the thermal decomposition state by checking the temperature of each layer. In addition, since the input unit 110 is provided in the upper direction of the reactor 100 and the ash discharge port 150 is disposed at the lower end, waste is thermally decomposed while descending in the lower direction. The pyrolysis process of the vertical lowering method can prevent the pyrolysis air (w1) from scattering of the reactant (w2) located in the lower direction, it can be derived a thermal effect to increase the thermal efficiency. In addition, the thermal decomposition efficiency can be significantly increased by preventing the undecomposed non-degraded products from scattering in the reactor 100.

As the ceramic layer (c) is heated by the heating unit 140 to be described later, the ceramic layer (c) is configured to thermally decompose the reactant w2 located in the upper direction of the heating unit 140. To this end, the ceramic layer (c) is located inside the reactor 100 but in the lower direction of the heating unit 140. In addition, the ceramic layer (c) forms far infrared rays (R) through the supplied thermal energy, which promotes thermal decomposition of the reactant (w2). Detailed description of the pyrolysis process of the waste through the ceramic layer (c) will be described later with reference to FIG. 4.

The combustion gas discharge unit 120 is provided in the upper direction of the reactor 100 to move the combustion gas G0 generated by pyrolysis to the combustion gas processing unit 200. To this end, the combustion gas discharge unit 120 is provided in the form of a pipe and both ends are connected to the reactor 100 and the combustion gas processing unit 200, respectively. The combustion gas discharge unit 120 is provided in the upper direction of the reactor 100 in order to more easily collect and move the combustion gas G0 with respect to the rise of the high temperature combustion gas G0. Accordingly, the combustion gas G0 formed inside the reactor 100 is easily moved to the combustion gas processing unit 200 without a separate collecting means.

The fluid supply unit 130 is provided to penetrate the wall surface 101 of the reactor 100 to supply air for pyrolysis into the reactor 100. To this end, the fluid supply unit 130 may be provided in plurality. In detail, the fluid supply unit 130 is provided to penetrate the outer surface of the reactor 100 so that one end thereof faces inward of the reactor 100. In a more preferred embodiment, the plurality of fluid supply 130 may be provided in 5 to 15 per square meter. This is to more uniformly supply the fluid into the reactor 100. Accordingly, the inside of the reactor 100 receives a fluid such as air to cool the combustion gas G0 located inside the reactor 100, dry the pyrolysis air w1, and burn the reactant w2. You can. In detail, the plurality of fluid supply units 130 are respectively formed at positions corresponding to an upward direction of the pyrolysis air w1, the pyrolysis air w1, and the reactant w2, respectively. Accordingly, the fluid supply unit 130 located in the upper direction of the pyrolysis air w1 cools the combustion gas G0 located inside the reactor 100, and at a point corresponding to the position of the pyrolysis air w1. The fluid supply unit 130 which is arranged to dry the pyrolysis atmosphere (w1), the fluid supply unit provided at a position corresponding to the reactant (w2) to the combustion of the reactant (w2) during the thermal decomposition process of the reactant (w2) to be described later Help. Through this, as the combustion gas G0 inside the reactor 100 moves to the combustion gas treatment unit 200 to be described later in a high temperature state, an accident such as an explosion due to an excessive pressure difference may be prevented in advance, and pyrolysis A pretreatment process for facilitating sequential pyrolysis of the air w1 may be omitted, and thermal efficiency may be improved by more easily pyrolyzing the reactant w2. In addition, the plurality of fluid supply units 130 are provided on the outer surface of the reactor 100 to block heat from being transferred to the outside by the supplied air. Therefore, the reaction furnace 100 has the effect that it is not necessary to provide a heat insulating material. In addition, since the combustion gas G0 is cooled to 100 ° C. or less and discharged from the reaction furnace 100, separation of the tar T and water is facilitated in the combustion gas processing unit 200. Also, as a more preferred embodiment, one end of the fluid supply unit 130 is located in the reactor 100, the upper portion is formed to protrude in the inner direction of the reactor 100 than the lower portion (see Fig. 5). In detail, the upper portion of one end of the fluid supply portion protrudes from the lower portion and is located inside the reactor 100. Through this, it is possible to prevent the waste introduced and stored in the upper direction from the upper direction of the reactor 100 into the fluid supply unit 130 in advance, which is a fluid such as air is the reactor 100 It does not flow into the interior has the effect of preventing the combustion of the reactant (w2) in advance.

The other end of the fluid supply unit 130 is further provided with a blower 131, a damper 132 and the ionizer 160. The blower 131 is configured to inject a fluid such as air into the reactor 100, and may be formed of a blower such as a fan. The damper 132 is a configuration for adjusting the input amount of the fluid, such as air flowing into the reactor 100. Through the blower 131 and the damper 132, the flow rate of the air is excessively high in the reactor 100 to prevent the occurrence of a fire, on the contrary, as the flow rate of the air, etc. It is possible to prevent the reactant w2 from burning. The blower 131 and the damper 132 is a known configuration, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The fluid supply unit 130 is further provided with an ionizer 160. In detail, the ionizer 160 is a means for ionizing a fluid such as air to supply the inside of the reactor 100. To this end, the ionizer 160 is connected to the fluid supply unit 130 and ionizes a fluid, such as air, in contact with the brush 161 formed through the fluid supply unit 130. In a more preferred embodiment, the ionizer 160 ionizes the air more easily by using a high pressure current of 5 kV or more, and the ionized air therethrough is provided with an air ratio of 0.2 to 0.5 and promotes thermal decomposition of the reactant (w2). Can be.

The heating unit 140 heats the reactant w2 and the ceramic layer c. To this end, the heating unit 140 is provided between the ceramic layer (c) and the reactant (W2). In detail, the heating unit 140 is provided in the upper direction of the ceramic layer C and is positioned in the lower direction of the reactant W2. In addition, the heating unit 140 is provided in a plate shape is provided with a plurality of through holes in the vertical direction. Accordingly, the reactant W2 is pyrolyzed to form ash and then moved downward through the through hole to be positioned on the ceramic layer c. Therefore, pyrolysis of the vertical descending method for the waste is possible. In a more preferred embodiment, in order to measure and manage the thermal decomposition rate and the discharge rate, the height of the ceramic layer (C) may be measured by placing one or more depth measuring sensors in the downward direction of the heating unit 140. In addition, the depth sensor as described above may be positioned to face downward from the upper surface of the reactor 100 to measure the height of the residual waste (W0) is stacked.

The ash outlet 150 is a configuration for sequentially discharging the ceramic layer C to the outside of the reactor 100. In detail, the reactant (W2) is finally formed in the ash and positioned on the ceramic layer (C) while sequentially undergoing drying, carbonization, pyrolysis, and ceramicization process. Accordingly, the pyrolysis air W1 is lowered in response to the movement of the ash and is positioned on the heating unit 140, and the ash is increased in height in which the ceramic layer c is provided by the ash. Therefore, the ash discharge port 150 is disclosed as a configuration for discharging the ceramic layer (c) as described above. To this end, the ash outlet 150 may be located in the lower direction of the ceramic layer (c), and may include a hopper and a screw conveyor to adjust the speed at which the ceramic layer (c) and the ash are discharged. Through this, if the speed at which the waste is formed into ash and the discharge rate of the ash are matched, a series of pyrolysis processes can be maintained continuously, leading to the effect of unmanned control of pyrolysis.

Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the layer relationship of the waste located inside the reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Since the waste is ceramicized and formed into ash before ignition, and thus the ceramic layer C is not formed, the ceramic layer C is disposed in advance. In addition, as the initial igniter, ignition means such as charcoal may be used. Charcoal is preheated and added to the heating unit 140 in a glowing state. At this time, the char is preferably added to 10 to 50 Kg per M3.

The waste W0 is then introduced and deposited into the reactant W2 and the pyrolysis air W1. Pyrolysis air (W1) and reactants (W2) are divided according to the relative position, it is preferable that there is no predetermined interlayer interface.

Pyrolysis of the waste begins due to the air supplied through the initial firing agent and the fluid supply 130. At this time, the inside of the reactor 100 is preferably supplied with a fluid such as air to maintain a constant pressure of 10 to 100 mm H 2 O in order to prevent the flame. As such, insufficient supply of fluid such as air forms a low oxygen atmosphere, and the combustion temperature of the reactant (W2) is maintained at 500 to 800 ° C, thereby suppressing generation of harmful gases such as NOx, SOx, and dioxins. In addition, no fuel is required since it is not necessary to maintain a high temperature. In addition, since the external temperature of the wall surface 101 is maintained at 100 ° C. or less due to the thermal decomposition temperature of the low temperature and the thermal insulation effect due to the fluid supply unit 130, a separate thermal insulation material is not necessary.

On the other hand, the ceramic layer (C) receives the thermal energy generated in the reactant (W2) in the form of radiant heat (H) to generate far-infrared (R). This has the effect of promoting thermal decomposition of the reactant (W2) by far infrared rays (R).

In addition, combustion gas G0 is generated through pyrolysis of waste, in which case the components of combustion gas G0 are N2, H2O, H2, CO2 and O2, which are discharged into the atmosphere without the need for further treatment. Combustible gases of CO and CxHy in the combustion gas G0 are generated at 1% or less, and they are moved to the combustion gas treatment unit 200 through the combustion gas discharge unit 120 and processed.

In addition, unreacted material (W2 ') may occur in the reactant (W2), in the present invention, since the reactor 100 is characterized by pyrolysis in a vertically descending manner, the undegraded product (W2') is decomposed to the decomposition air (W1). As a result, scattering is prevented and the thermal decomposition rate of the reactant (W2) is increased.

6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a combustion gas treatment unit 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The combustion gas processing unit 200 is configured to purify the combustion gas G0 generated inside the reactor 100 and discharge it to the outside. To this end, the combustion gas treatment unit 200 includes a pressure reducing unit 210, a first separation unit 220, a second separation unit 230, and a catalytic reaction unit 240.

The pressure reducing unit 210 is configured to reduce the pressure change of the combustion gas G0 discharged from the reactor 100 through the combustion gas discharge port 120. In detail, the pressure reducing unit 210 receives the combustion gas G0 from the reactor 100 to reduce the pressure of the combustion gas G0 to a predetermined reference pressure or less. To this end, the pressure reducing unit 210 is provided as a pressure reducing means such as a buffer tank. As the pressure reducing unit 210 is provided, the combustion gas G0 is cavities due to high pressure in the process of moving to the first separation unit 220, the second separation unit 230, and the catalytic reaction unit 240 which will be described later. The occurrence of a phenomenon and the like can be suppressed, so that an explosion due to a high pressure can be prevented in advance. On the other hand, the combustion gas (G0) is reduced to less than the reference pressure through the pressure reducing unit 210 is moved to the first separation unit 220 to filter harmful substances.

The first separation unit 220 is configured to primarily process the combustion gas G0 that has passed through the pressure reducing unit 210. In detail, the first separator 220 separates the tar T and the water from the combustion gas G0. In a more preferred embodiment, the first separation unit 220 may separate the tar (T) and water separately through a cyclone method using the mass difference of the components contained in the combustion gas (G0). Thus, by separating the tar (T) from the combustion gas (G0) using the centrifugal force of the cyclone, it is possible to easily separate the harmful substances contained in the tar (T), thereby preventing the occurrence of environmental pollution. have. In addition, by separating the water from the combustion gas (G0) through the first separation unit 220 in the secondary separation process in the second separation unit 230 to be described later to prevent the water is mixed with the foreign matter and not separated properly. have. That is, removing water from the first separator 220 is a pretreatment function for an easy separation process of the second separator 230. On the other hand, the tar (T) separated in the first separation unit 220 is collected by a separate collecting means is decomposed as re-introduced into the reactor 100, water is discharged through the rectifying means.

The second separator 230 is configured to secondarily process the combustion gas G0 that has passed through the first separator 220. To this end, the second separator 230 is connected to the first separator 220 and is not filtered by the first separator 220 using the adsorptivity of the filter provided inside the second separator 230. Foreign matter is adsorbed and separated from the combustion gas G0. In a more preferred embodiment, the filter inside the second separation unit 230 is made of a material having adsorptive properties such as activated carbon, polypropylene, cellulose, etc. to perform an easier adsorption function, without being limited by the size of the foreign matter Foreign matter can be easily separated.

The catalytic reaction unit 240 converts carbon monoxide, which may be included in the combustion gas G0 passed through the first separation unit 220 and the second separation unit 230, into carbon dioxide through an oxidation reaction, and then exhaust gas G1. ) Is discharged into the atmosphere. To this end, the catalytic reaction unit 240 is connected to the second separation unit 230, and receives the combustion gas G0 from which tar (T), water and foreign matters are separated from the second separation unit 230, The carbon monoxide contained in the combustion gas G0 is converted into carbon dioxide. As a more preferred embodiment, the catalytic reaction unit 240 includes a photocatalyst having a material such as titanium dioxide, thereby causing a larger oxidation reaction even at room temperature, thereby preventing the emission of carbon monoxide harmful to the human body to the outside. Can be. By providing the catalytic reaction unit 240, it is possible to secure the safety of the workplace and the operator can significantly increase the safety.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention described above are disclosed for purposes of illustration, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications, changes, and additions within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Should be regarded as falling within the scope of the claims.

As those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains, various permutations, modifications, and changes are possible without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. It is not limited by.

W0: waste
W1: decomposition atmosphere W2: reactant
C: ceramic layer T: tar
G0: combustion gas G1: exhaust gas
100: reactor 101: wall surface
110: input unit 120: combustion gas discharge unit
130: fluid supply section 140: heating section
150: ash outlet
200: combustion gas treatment unit

Claims (7)

An apparatus for decomposing waste (w0) introduced into the reactor 100, the interior of which is opened,
The reactor 100 is inside,
A ceramic layer (c) located in the lower direction; and
And a heating unit 140 positioned in an upper direction of the ceramic layer c to heat the ceramic layer c.
The waste (w0) is divided into a reactant (w2) that is located in the upper direction of the heating unit 140 and generates thermal energy according to the height and the pyrolysis air (w1) located in the upper direction of the reactant (w2) ,
As the ceramic layer (c) is heated by the heating unit 140 and the reactant (w2) to emit far infrared rays (R), the reactant (w2) is pyrolyzed and ceramicized by the far infrared rays (R) Formed into ash,
Further comprising a plurality of fluid supply unit 130 which is located in the upper direction of the heating unit 140 for injecting air into the reactor 100,
The at least one fluid supply unit 130 is formed at a position corresponding to an upward direction of the pyrolysis air w1, the pyrolysis air w1, and the reactant w2, respectively, thereby allowing the inside of the reactor 100. Waste pyrolysis apparatus, characterized by cooling combustion gas (G0), drying the pyrolysis atmosphere (w1) and burning the reactant (w2).
The method of claim 1,
As the heating part 140 is provided with a through hole, the ash passes through the through hole and descends toward the ceramic layer (c).
And the pyrolysis air (w1) is sequentially lowered by being placed on the heating unit (140) by falling in response to the movement of the ash.
The method of claim 2,
Waste ash pyrolysis apparatus further comprises a ash outlet (150) for sequentially discharging the ash and the ceramic layer (c) to the outside of the reactor 100 in the downward direction of the ceramic layer (c).
delete The method of claim 1,
One end of the fluid supply unit 130 as the upper direction protrudes in the inner direction than the lower direction, waste pyrolysis apparatus, characterized in that to prevent the inflow of the waste (w0).
The method of claim 1,
Further comprising a combustion gas processing unit 200 is connected to the reactor 100, purifying the combustion gas (G0) generated in the reactor 100,
The combustion gas processing unit 200,
A pressure reduction unit 210 for reducing a change in pressure of the combustion gas G0;
A first separating part 220 connected to the pressure reducing part 210 and separating tar and water contained in the combustion gas G0;
A second separation unit 230 connected to the first separation unit 220 and separating foreign substances in the combustion gas G0 not separated from the first separation unit 220; and
And a catalytic reaction unit (240) connected to the second separation unit (230) and oxidizing carbon monoxide in the combustion gas (G0).
The method of claim 6,
The tar (T) separated from the combustion gas (G0) through the first separator 220 is moved to the reactor (100) to be reburned and pyrolyzed.

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