KR102057109B1 - EXAMPLES·ALARM SYSTEM AND METHOD INCLUDING SLOPE STABILITY MONITORING BASED ON IoT - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a predicting and warning system including slope stability monitoring based on IoT. According to the present invention, the predicting and warning system including the slope stability monitoring based on the IoT comprises: a LoRa device unit installed in a prediction and warning subject measurement area by comprising multiple sensor nodes and receiving a soil moisture content, a capillary absorption force, soil temperature, rainfall, inclination, and displacement information, obtained in the measurement area; a gateway unit receiving the soil moisture content, the capillary absorption force, the soil temperature, the rainfall, the inclination, and the displacement information from the LoRa device and storing and transmitting the same, wherein the gateway unit also manages the soil moisture content, the capillary absorption force, the soil temperature, the rainfall, the inclination, and the displacement information and controls a field disaster responding service as necessary by calculating a safety factor (FS) of a slope; a monitoring unit predicting slope collapse prediction and warning based on the FS of the slope calculated by using the soil moisture content, the capillary absorption force, the soil temperature, the rainfall, the inclination, and the displacement information received from the gateway unit and monitoring the slope collapse prediction and warning in real time; and an early predicting and warning server unit receiving the FS of the slope from the monitoring unit and preventing an accident. The predicting and warning system can reduce property damage and deaths of surrounding area residents by transferring prediction and warning related to a slope collapse disaster by monitoring the slope collapse prediction and warning in real time by predicting the slope collapse for long-term via a low-power network. Also, the predicting and warning system can reduce various expenses by having a continuously long maintenance term since a sensor installed in the slope measurement point is not damaged due to freezing.

Description

Example and alarm system and method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring {EXAMPLES ALARM SYSTEM AND METHOD INCLUDING SLOPE STABILITY MONITORING BASED ON IoT}

The present invention relates to an example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, and more specifically, it is possible to predict slope slope (slope) collapse in the long term through low-power network, and to issue slope-related collapse and warning by real-time monitoring. Through the IoT-based system, it is possible to reduce the casualty and property damage of residents in the nearby area, and to maintain the long-term maintenance as the sensor installed on the slope (slope) measurement point is not damaged, such as freezing. The present invention relates to a warning system including slope safety monitoring.

In general, due to global warming and climate change, slopes and slope collapses frequently occur due to localized torrential rains and typhoons, resulting in enormous casualties and property damage. In particular, 63% of the country's land is mountainous, and due to the high population density, mountainous development due to industrialization and urbanization is occurring in the whole country.

In the mountain development process, stabilized natural forests are destroyed, and slopes collapse frequently occur in conjunction with climate change, and the magnitude of the damage is continuously increasing.

In the past 30 years, an average of 431 ha of slopes have occurred annually, and the scale of slopes is gradually increasing due to climate change. In particular, as a result of analyzing the annual average slope incidence on a 10-year basis, the rapid increase and large-scale trend since the 2000s.

                                                          (Unit: ha,)

* Note: Slope incidence from 2010 to 2017 was 2,051 ha

<Slope Incidence over Recent 10 Years>

-Increasing slope damage due to heavy rains caused by global warming-

Due to the necessity of developing a response system for slope disasters, 1) the Korea Meteorological Administration reports that South Korea's precipitation will increase by about 20% in 100 years (Korea Meteorological Administration, 2007), and 2) Korea defrosts during the summer season when precipitation is high and after heavy snowfall. 4) Existing slope monitoring system has insufficient description of direct measurement method of soil moisture content and maternal absorption, which are the most important variables for forecasting, and it is difficult to establish a remote network of these measurements. The slope slope preliminary prediction and alarm system developed by the Korea Forest Service in 2016 is based on soil moisture content and capillary absorption sensors that require continuous maintenance (still distilled water must be kept inside the sensor). There is a problem that monitoring is not possible after April to October. 5) Wired-based system Maintenance is also (such as damage caused by animals and plants) is not properly problems in mass distribution after the difficult development.

In addition, Figure 1 of the present invention is a flow chart of an embodiment of the IoT-based slope surface example, the alarm system, a plurality of sensor nodes 10 are installed in the measurement target area, for example, the alarm is the soil moisture due to the sensor node (10) Obtains water content, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information.

The obtained soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, displacement information is sequentially transmitted to the Laura gateway 20, the Laura network server 30 and the application server 40.

Neighboring citizens or disaster coordinators who have received the safety of slopes from the application server 40 respond quickly to minimize human and property damages.

However, the soil moisture content ratio, capillary absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information obtained by the sensor node 10 are acquired when a network error or failure occurs on the Laura network server 30 or the application server 40. There is also a fatal problem in that it is not possible to send information properly, so it is not possible to send the information acquired to the neighboring citizens or the disaster officers.

Related prior arts include registered patent publication No. 10-1580062 (name of the invention: real-time slope preliminary warning method and system, registration date: December 17, 2015) and registered patent publication 10-1843007 (name of invention: Wireless sensor network measurement system and measurement method for slope monitoring and forecasting and warning, registration date: March 22, 2018).

The present invention was devised to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and it is possible to predict slope slope (slope) collapse in the long term through a low-power network, and inhabitants of nearby regions through the real-time monitoring of warnings related to slope collapse disasters. Including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, which can reduce human injury and property damage, and because the sensor installed at slope measuring area is not damaged such as freezing wave, the maintenance is long and it can be saved. It is aimed at a warning system.

Other objects of the present invention may be understood through the features of the present invention, more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present invention, and may be realized by means and combinations indicated in the claims.

The present invention has the following technical features to achieve the problem to be solved by the present invention as described above.

Example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention is composed of a plurality of sensor nodes, installed in the measurement target area for warning, and obtained in the measurement area, soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, A Laura device unit for transmitting rainfall, slope, and displacement information; It is possible to receive and store the soil moisture content ratio, capillary absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information from the Laura device unit, and to manage the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information. A gateway unit configured to calculate a slope safety factor (FS) to control an on-site disaster response service as necessary; A monitoring unit for real-time monitoring while predicting slope slope collapse and warning based on the slope slope safety factor (FS) calculated through the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the gateway unit; And an early warning and alarm server unit configured to receive the slope safety rate from the monitoring unit so that safety accident prevention is performed. It is made, including.

In the example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the gateway unit uses the soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption capacity, temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit to determine slope slope safety information. And directly or indirectly respond to disasters, send disaster texts, control nearby vehicles, or actively operate disaster response facilities such as automatic tarpaulin switchgears installed in collapsed areas, depending on the slope safety factor. .

In the example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the gateway unit includes a modem for converting transmitted information into a signal, a power supply connected to the modem, and supplying electrical energy; An application server for implementing an on-site disaster response service for calculating the slope safety factor (FS) in an application form, and a Laura configured as an application for the on-site disaster response service from the application server to transmit information to a neighboring citizen or a disaster manager. It consists of a network server.

In the example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the Laura network server communicates data using a MQTT (Message Queue for Telemetry Transport) communication protocol.

In the example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the gateway unit slopes the soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption capacity, temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit. It is confirmed whether the measurement area is safe by calculating the factor.

In the example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the slope slope safety factor is calculated by the following equation, FS = viscosity + unit weight × depth × cos ² slope + maternal absorption capacity × water content ratio ] × tan internal friction angle / unit weight × depth × cos inclination × sin inclination.

In the example / alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the safety of the measurement area in which a plurality of sensor nodes are installed is added to the margin value according to the site based on the calculated value of slope slope safety factor of 1.0. Set to the threshold.

In the example-alarm system including the IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the sensor node is made of a dielectric porosity measuring sensor, the dielectric porosity measuring sensor is a sponge or ceramic-type dielectric in the lower portion or The soil moisture content ratio, maternal malabsorption capacity, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information are measured based on the variation of the generated electrical values.

In the example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the sensor node has a waterproof and dustproof function.

In the example and warning method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, a Laura device part composed of a plurality of sensor nodes is installed in the measurement area for the warning and warning, and the soil water content ratio and maternal absorption capacity obtained in the measurement area are obtained. Transmitting geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information; The gateway unit may receive and store the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information from the Laura device unit, and store and transmit the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information. Controlling and calculating a slope safety factor (FS) to control an on-site disaster response service as necessary; A monitoring unit predicting slope slope collapse and warning based on the slope slope safety factor (FS) calculated by the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the gateway unit in real time; And an early warning / warning server unit receiving the slope safety rate from the monitoring unit so that safety accident prevention is performed. It is made, including.

In the example-alarm method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the gateway unit uses the soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit to determine slope slope safety information. And directly or indirectly respond to disasters, send disaster texts, control nearby vehicles, or actively operate disaster response facilities such as automatic tarpaulin switchgears installed in collapsed areas, depending on the slope safety factor. .

In the example-alarm method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the gateway unit includes a modem for converting transmitted information into a signal, a power supply connected to the modem, and supplying electrical energy; An application server for implementing an on-site disaster response service for calculating the slope safety factor (FS) in an application form, and a Laura configured as an application for the on-site disaster response service from the application server to transmit information to a neighboring citizen or a disaster manager. It consists of a network server.

In the example-alarm method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal, rainfall, slope, displacement information received from the Laura device unit of slope safety factor (Safety Factor) The calculation confirms the safety of the measurement area.

In the example-alarm method including the IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the slope slope safety factor is calculated by the following equation, FS = adhesion + unit weight × depth × cos ² slope + maternal absorption capacity × water content ratio ] × tan internal friction angle / unit weight × depth × cos inclination × sin inclination.

In the example-alarm method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, the safety of the measurement area in which a plurality of sensor nodes are installed is added to a margin value according to the site based on the calculated value of slope slope safety factor of 1.0. Set to the threshold.

In the example-alarm method including the IoT-based slope-surface stability monitoring according to the present invention, the sensor node comprises a dielectric porosity measuring sensor, the dielectric porosity measuring sensor is a sponge or ceramic-type dielectric in the lower portion or The soil moisture content ratio, maternal malabsorption capacity, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information are measured based on the variation of the generated electrical values.

The present invention can be predicted slope in the long term through the low-power network through the means to solve the above problems, and by the real-time monitoring to prevent damage to people and property of residents in nearby areas through the announcement of warnings related to slope collapse disaster It is possible to reduce, and since the sensor installed on the slope (slope) measurement point is not damaged, such as freezing waves, the maintenance is long, thereby reducing the overall cost.

In addition, the present invention has the effect that can be stable data collection to the sensor node.

Other effects of the present invention may be understood through the features of the present invention, more clearly understood through the embodiments of the present invention, and may be exerted by means and combinations indicated in the claims.

1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of an IoT-based slope plane example, alarm system according to the prior invention,
2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an example alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention;
3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of an example alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to FIG. 2;
4 is a view illustrating a Laura device unit according to FIG. 2;
5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of an example-alarm method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention;
6 is a flow chart of an embodiment for determining the slope safety and danger of the measurement area according to FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings that show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. It is to be understood that the various embodiments of the invention are different, but need not be mutually exclusive. For example, specific shapes, structures, and characteristics described herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention with respect to one embodiment. In addition, it is to be understood that the location or arrangement of individual components within each disclosed embodiment may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to the same or similar functions throughout the several aspects.

2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an example alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an example of an embodiment of an example alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to FIG. 2. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a Laura device unit according to FIG. 2.

Examples and alarm system 100 including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the Laura device unit 110, the gateway unit 120, the monitoring unit 130 For example, the alarm server unit 140 is included.

The Laura device unit 110 includes a plurality of sensor nodes and is installed in the measurement target area for example and warning, and transmits the soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption force, temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information obtained in the measurement area.

The measurement zone where multiple sensor nodes are installed is set based on influence factors in any one of geological factors, topographic factors, ground factors, climate factors, structure factors, disasters, vulnerable factors, and damage factors.

Influence factors that fall within the category of geological factors are slope slope, slope length, slope height, and soil depth.

Influence factors that fall into the topographical category are slope slope, slope length, slope height, and soil depth, respectively. For example, the steep slopes are more likely to collapse as steep (angle) angles, longer lengths, or higher heights, and the likelihood that the slope will collapse depending on the depth of the slope on the bedrock, i. Accordingly, slope slope, inclination length, slope height, and soil depth are influential factors for evaluating the risk of collapse of the slope according to the shape of the slope.

Influence factors belonging to the ground factor category were saturation permeability coefficient, wet unit weight, tensile cracking and initial capillary absorption. For example, the ground will be more likely to collapse as rainfall saturates with moisture and weaker shear strength. Accordingly, the saturation permeability coefficient to evaluate the flow and content of water in the ground, the wet unit weight which is the weight of the ground absorbing rainfall, whether or not the tensile cracks occur in the ground, and the unsaturation characteristics of the ground are reflected and affect the shear strength. Initial capillary absorption is an influence factor that relatively evaluates the risk of slope collapse depending on soil quality.

Influential factors in the category of climate factors are three-day cumulative rainfall, leading rainfall, ID curve, and groundwater level. For example, the ground will likely collapse if there is a lot of rainfall. Accordingly, the cumulative rainfall for three consecutive days up to eight days before the occurrence of the preceding rainfall, the five days before the evaluation point, the ID curve according to the intensity and duration, and the underground water level at the evaluation point are It is an influence factor that relatively assesses the risk of slope collapse according to climate.

Influencers that fall under the category of structural factors are artificial structures, vegetation and protection facilities. For example, if an artificial structure built on a slope is not a protective facility, the probability of ground collapse will increase, and if vegetation thrives, the probability of ground collapse will decrease. As such, artificial structures, vegetation, and protection facilities are relatively influential factors that assess the risk of inclined slope failure depending on the objects placed on the ground.

Influential factors in the category of disaster are slope maximum slope, slope average slope, length ratio of section over slope 15 °, presence of confluence valleys, slope cross-sectional shape and slope profile, and influence factors in fragile factor category: slope 15 ° The following may be exemplified as the length ratio of the section, the deposition space, the drainage facility and the circumference facility, the surrounding environment and the utility facility.

Influencers that fall into the category of vulnerable are length ratios of slopes less than 15 °, sedimentation space, drainage and all-round installations. For example, if damage to sediment or sediment flowing downstream can be reduced, it can reduce the damage. As a result, length ratios of 15 ° or less slopes, sedimentation spaces, drainage facilities, and all-around facilities reduce the possibility of sedimentation during the sedimentary decay and whether there is room for sedimentation, and the possibility of reducing damage from drainage or all-round facilities. Relatively assessed influence factors.

Influencers that fall into the category of damage are distances to the environment and facilities. For example, if the soil passes through a place where there is no license, road, or other economically valuable facility, the risk of the soil will be lowered. Accordingly, these factors are relative factors for evaluating the distance from the surrounding environment and facilities.

In Korea, there are many slopes of five types: debris flow, rock fall, rock and planar slide, rock creep, and rotation slide. .

Among them, the most sloped slope-type flow slope occurs along the slope of the mountain slope. The clathrate flow is caused by the transitional slide material in the residual soil and the banded soil in the upper part of the slope.

Therefore, the clastic flow, which does not involve transition slides, is characterized by its small size.

The sensor node consists of a dielectric porosity measuring sensor. The dielectric porosity measuring sensor is a soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, and rainfall based on variation of electrical values generated by inflow or discharge of water into a dielectric of sponge or ceramic type at the bottom. Measures tilt, displacement and displacement information.

The sensor node has a waterproof and dustproof function.

The sensor node minimizes the risk of winter breakage by using an electronic soil moisture content sensor and soil moisture surface tension sensor to measure the cohesion of unsaturated soil.

Referring to the reference figure shown below, the sensor node is installed around the weak slope surface based on the shape of the fracture section according to the value of the slope safety factor.

           Reference Drawing

The Laura device unit 110 transmits the measured value obtained at the measurement point to the gateway unit 120 as an analog value.

In the past, ADC converters were designed on all LoRa sensor modules to transmit digital data to the gateway.However, in order to secure data reliability, not only the individual calibration values are set but also the power consumption is high to build a low power communication network. It is difficult.

Thus, the Laura device unit 110 adopts a method of transmitting the measured value obtained from the sensor node to the gateway unit 120 as analog data.

In addition, in order to prevent the loss of data obtained as a measured value, a memory storage function is performed in the sensor node so that data that has not been confirmed to be successful in communication is stored.

The Laura device unit 110 is composed of a power supply, I / O, MCU, and the like, and in particular, I / O is configured to provide data management services on site.

The Laura device unit 110 measures, in real time, rainfall and the movement of water in the ground (change in soil moisture) and the like which are changed by rainfall using a plurality of sensor nodes.

The measurement information measured by the plurality of sensor nodes is transmitted to the gateway unit 120 to be described below through a wireless network.

A wireless network is a wireless network technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) that aims for a low power wide area network using the 900 MHz high frequency. The data communication speed of the Laura device unit 110 is low from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps, and a low power design is possible, which is suitable for an outdoor monitoring system. Communication distance up to 20 km is possible.

The Laura network divides the protocol into A, B, and C Classes according to whether the communication between the Laura device unit 110 and the gateway unit 120 is an up-link or down-link-oriented service. A class is suitable for sensor networks requiring low power.

                 -A Class-

A class communication has up-link communication algorithm. After the Laura device unit 110 performs Up-Link transmission to the gateway unit 120, the Laura device unit 110 may receive the Down-Link twice.

Therefore, it is mainly used when operating on battery without using up-link or service.

The gateway unit 120 may receive and store the soil moisture content ratio, capillary absorption power, geothermal temperature, rainfall, gradient, and displacement information from the Laura device unit 110, and the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, gradient In addition, it manages displacement information to calculate slope safety factor (FS) to control on-site disaster response service as needed.

The gateway unit 120 calculates slope safety factor using the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit 110, and directly or indirectly near the measurement area according to slope safety rate. Proactively operate disaster response facilities, such as disaster broadcasting, texting disasters, controlling nearby vehicles, and automatic tarpaulin switches in collapsed areas.

Citizens near the measurement area minimizes damage to property and life due to disaster broadcasting, disaster text, vehicle control, and tarpaulin operation transmitted from the gateway unit 120.

The gateway unit 120 checks the safety of the measurement area by calculating a slope safety factor based on the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit 110.

The slope safety factor is calculated by the following equation, where FS = adhesiveness + [unit weight × soil × cos ² slope + capillary absorption ability × moisture content ratio] × tan internal friction angle / unit weight × soil × cos slope × sin slope.

The safety of the measurement area where multiple sensor nodes are installed is set as the threshold value based on the calculated value of slope slope safety factor according to the site based on 1.0.If the calculated value is below the threshold value, it is determined as the risk of collapse. If it is more than this threshold, it is determined that the risk of collapse is low.

The gateway unit 120 includes a modem 121, a power supply 122, an application server 123, and a Laura network server 124.

The modem 121 is a long term evolution (LTE) modem and converts the transmitted information into a signal.

The power supply 122 is connected to the modem 121 and supplies electrical energy.

The application server 123 implements an on-site disaster response service for calculation of slope safety factor (FS) in the form of an application.

In detail, when the calculated value of slope safety factor is less than or equal to the threshold, the application server 123 implements an application form so that a nearby citizen or a nearby ward (disaster officer) can immediately respond that there is a risk of collapse of the measurement area site.

The Laura network server 124 is implemented as an application for an on-site disaster response service from the application server 123 and transmits information to a nearby citizen or a nearby ward office (disaster manager).

Neighboring citizens or neighboring ward offices (disaster managers) receive prompt information such as evacuation or evacuation by receiving information on the danger of collapse of the measurement area from the Laura network server 124.

The Laura network server 124 communicates data using a Message Queue for Telemetry Transport (MQTT) communication protocol.

Message Queue for Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a lightweight publish / subscribe messaging protocol. It can also be used in low-power, low-bandwidth environments such as in machine-to-machine and Internet of Things.

The gateway unit 120 may support the RESTful API to check the setting and status of the gateway and to manage the LoRa network.

Network server design configures the server through NodeJS based on Linux operating system.

Node.js is a software platform for developing scalable network applications, especially on the server side. It uses JavaScript as the writing language and has high processing performance through non-blocking I / O and single threaded event loop.

MongoDB is a cross-platform document-oriented database system classified as NoSQL. It is not a traditional table-relational (SQL) based RDBMS and does not use SQL. It is the most representative database system among NoSQL based databases.

MongoDB is stored in BSON (Binary JSON) document format for data exchange, so it can be easily distributed and stored on multiple servers, and it is used in IoT field or big data application because it has fast data processing.

The gateway unit 120 performs data management and application management roles, and has been developed for application and Laura module interfaces necessary for custom programming based on embedded Linux.

The gateway unit 120 collects and manages analog data obtained from the sensors of the Laura device unit 110 and provides an interface for front-end software.

It performs a function of a CMS (Central Management System) that stores the data obtained from the sensors of the Laura device unit 110 and provides information.

 CMS (Central Management System) functions are secured by device and gateway management function, data storage and management function, web-based user interface, web-based UI environment, Linux-based server construction, and HTML5.

The data elements considered in the development of the front-end represent the location information on which the system is installed and the FS (Safety Factor) value, which is the stability analysis index of infinite slope, and the soil moisture content and surface for calculating the FS value. It was a representation of the tension value.

As a result, the software focuses on soil moisture tension, water content, rainfall, slope temperature, and safety factor (FS).

The monitoring unit 130 predicts slope slope collapse and warning on the basis of slope slope safety factor (FS) calculated based on soil water content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the gateway unit 120 in real time. Monitor.

The monitoring unit 130 is connected to the gateway unit 120 by wire or wirelessly, and is provided with a jurisdiction center, a forestry office, and a meteorological office together with the example / alarm server unit 140 described below.

The monitoring unit 130 is composed of a plurality of displays can be checked in real time by the person in charge such as the jurisdiction center, forestry, meteorological office.

The monitoring unit 130 can monitor in real time while predicting slope collapse example and alarm, as well as real-time monitoring, thereby real-time measurement and safety diagnosis.

The person in charge of the jurisdiction center, the Forest Service, the Meteorological Agency, etc., which monitors slope slope collapse and warning in real time by the monitoring unit 130, controls the Laura device unit 110, the gateway unit 120, and the example / alarm server unit 140 remotely. It is possible to control as needed by using a remote control means such as a computer.

Yes, the alarm server unit 140 receives a slope safety factor from the monitoring unit 130 so that safety accident prevention is performed.

Looking specifically, the alarm server unit 140 is provided with the monitoring unit 130, such as the jurisdiction center, the Forest Service, etc., to notify the nearby residents or nearby wards (disaster officers) of the risk of collapse of the measurement area Prepare for hazards to prevent safety accidents.

The alarm unit 150 is connected to the gateway unit 120 by wire or wirelessly. The alarm unit 150 receives the risk of collapse of the on-site disaster service, that is, the slope, from the gateway unit 120 to a nearby citizen. (Red light) to indicate danger.

Citizens in the vicinity through the sound or strong light of the alarm unit 150 to evacuate from the collapse area quickly aware of the danger.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the example-alarm method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention will be described in detail.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of one embodiment of an example-alarm method including IoT-based slope safety monitoring according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a flowchart of one embodiment of determining slope safety and danger of a measurement area according to FIG. 5.

In the example-alarm method S100 including IoT-based slope stability monitoring according to the present invention, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, a Laura device unit composed of a plurality of sensor nodes is installed in the example-alarm target measurement area. And transmitting the soil water content ratio, maternal malabsorption capacity, geothermal temperature, rainfall, gradient, and displacement information obtained at the measurement area (S110); The gateway unit may receive and store the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information from the Laura device unit, and store and transmit the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information. Controlling and calculating a slope safety factor (FS) to control an on-site disaster response service as necessary (S120); Monitoring unit real-time monitoring while predicting slope slope collapse and warning based on the slope slope safety factor (FS) calculated by the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal, rainfall, slope, displacement information received from the gateway unit ( S130); And early warning alarm unit receives the slope safety rate from the monitoring unit so that safety accident prevention is performed (S140). It is made, including.

The transmission step (S110) is a Laura device unit 110 consisting of a plurality of sensor nodes is installed in the measurement target area, for example, the soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal, rainfall, slope, displacement information obtained in the measurement area The step of transmitting.

The Laura device unit 110 includes a plurality of sensor nodes and is installed in the measurement target area for example and warning, and transmits the soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption force, temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information obtained in the measurement area.

The measurement zone where multiple sensor nodes are installed is set based on influence factors in any one of geological factors, topographic factors, ground factors, climate factors, structure factors, disasters, vulnerable factors, and damage factors.

Influence factors that fall within the category of geological factors are slope slope, slope length, slope height, and soil depth.

Influence factors that fall into the topographical category are slope slope, slope length, slope height, and soil depth, respectively.

Influence factors belonging to the ground factor category were saturation permeability coefficient, wet unit weight, tensile cracking and initial capillary absorption.

Influential factors in the category of climate factors are three-day cumulative rainfall, leading rainfall, ID curve, and groundwater level.

Influencers that fall under the category of structural factors are artificial structures, vegetation and protection facilities.

Influential factors in the category of disaster are slope maximum slope, slope average slope, length ratio of section over slope 15 °, presence of confluence valleys, slope cross-sectional shape and slope profile, and influence factors in fragile factor category: slope 15 ° The following may be exemplified as the length ratio of the section, the deposition space, the drainage facility and the circumference facility, the surrounding environment and the utility facility.

Influencers that fall into the category of vulnerable are length ratios of slopes less than 15 °, sedimentation space, drainage and all-round installations.

Influencers that fall into the category of damage are distances to the environment and facilities.

The sensor node consists of a dielectric porosity measuring sensor. The dielectric porosity measuring sensor is a soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, and rainfall based on variation of electrical values generated by inflow or discharge of water into a dielectric of sponge or ceramic type at the bottom. Measures tilt, displacement and displacement information.

The sensor node has a waterproof and dustproof function.

The sensor node minimizes the risk of winter breakage by using an electronic soil moisture content sensor and soil moisture surface tension sensor to measure the cohesion of unsaturated soil.

The Laura device unit 110 transmits the measured value obtained at the measurement point to the gateway unit 120 as an analog value.

In the past, ADC converters were designed on all LoRa sensor modules to transmit digital data to the gateway.However, in order to secure data reliability, not only the individual calibration values are set but also the power consumption is high to build a low power communication network. It is difficult.

Thus, the Laura device unit 110 adopts a method of transmitting the measured value obtained from the sensor node to the gateway unit 120 as analog data.

In addition, in order to prevent the loss of data obtained as a measured value, a memory storage function is performed in the sensor node so that data that has not been confirmed to be successful in communication is stored.

The Laura device unit 110 is composed of a power supply, I / O, MCU, and the like, and in particular, I / O is configured to provide data management services on site.

The Laura device unit 110 measures, in real time, rainfall and the movement of water in the ground (change in soil moisture) and the like which are changed by rainfall using a plurality of sensor nodes.

The measurement information measured by the plurality of sensor nodes is transmitted to the gateway unit 120 to be described below through a wireless network.

A wireless network is a wireless network technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) that aims for a low power wide area network using the 900 MHz high frequency. The data communication speed of the Laura device unit 110 is low from 0.3 kbps to 50 kbps, and a low power design is possible, which is suitable for an outdoor monitoring system. Communication distance up to 20 km is possible.

The Laura network divides the protocol into A, B, and C Classes according to whether the communication between the Laura device unit 110 and the gateway unit 120 is an up-link or down-link-oriented service. A class is suitable for sensor networks requiring low power.

A class communication has up-link communication algorithm. After the Laura device unit 110 performs Up-Link transmission to the gateway unit 120, the Laura device unit 110 may receive the Down-Link twice.

Therefore, it is mainly used when operating on battery without using up-link or service.

In the control step S120, the gateway unit 120 receives and stores the soil moisture content ratio, capillary absorption force, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information from the Laura device unit 110, and is capable of storing and transmitting the soil moisture function ratio and maternal absorption force. It is a step of controlling the site disaster response service as necessary by calculating slope safety factor (FS) by managing geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information.

The gateway unit 120 calculates slope safety factor using the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit 110, and directly or indirectly near the measurement area according to slope safety rate. It plays a role of minimizing damage to property and lives by sending disaster broadcasts, texts of disasters to citizens, controlling nearby vehicles, or actively operating tarps installed in collapsed areas.

The gateway unit 120 checks the safety of the measurement area by calculating a slope safety factor based on the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit 110.

The slope safety factor is calculated by the following equation, where FS = adhesiveness + [unit weight × soil × cos ² slope + capillary absorption ability × moisture content ratio] × tan internal friction angle / unit weight × soil × cos slope × sin slope.

The safety of the measurement area where multiple sensor nodes are installed is set as the threshold value based on the calculated value of slope slope safety factor according to the site based on 1.0.If the calculated value is below the threshold value, it is determined as the risk of collapse. If it is more than this threshold, it is determined that the risk of collapse is low.

The gateway unit 120 includes a modem 121, a power supply 122, an application server 123, and a Laura network server 124.

The modem 121 is a long term evolution (LTE) modem and converts the transmitted information into a signal.

The power supply 122 is connected to the modem 121 and supplies electrical energy.

The application server 123 implements an on-site disaster response service for calculation of slope safety factor (FS) in the form of an application, which indicates that there is a risk of collapse of the measurement area site when the calculated slope safety factor is less than or equal to a threshold. It is implemented in an application form so that nearby ward offices (disaster managers) can respond immediately.

The Laura network server 124 is implemented as an application for an on-site disaster response service from the application server 123 to quickly respond to the evacuation or evacuation by sending information to a nearby citizen or a nearby ward office (disaster manager).

The Laura network server 124 communicates data using a Message Queue for Telemetry Transport (MQTT) communication protocol.

Message Queue for Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a lightweight publish / subscribe messaging protocol. It can also be used in low-power, low-bandwidth environments such as in machine-to-machine and Internet of Things.

The gateway unit 120 may support the RESTful API to check the setting and status of the gateway and to manage the LoRa network.

Network server design configures the server through NodeJS based on Linux operating system.

The gateway unit 120 performs data management and application management roles, and has been developed for application and Laura module interfaces necessary for custom programming based on embedded Linux.

Monitoring step (S130) is a slope collapse example based on slope safety factor (FS) calculated by the monitoring unit 130, the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, displacement information received from the gateway unit 120 Real-time monitoring while predicting alarms

The monitoring unit 130 is connected to the gateway unit 120 by wire or wirelessly, and is provided with a jurisdiction center, a forestry office, and a meteorological office together with the example / alarm server unit 140 described below.

The monitoring unit 130 is composed of a plurality of displays can be checked in real time by the person in charge such as the jurisdiction center, forestry, meteorological office.

The monitoring unit 130 can monitor in real time while predicting slope collapse example and alarm, as well as real-time monitoring, thereby real-time measurement and safety diagnosis.

The person in charge of the jurisdiction center, the Forest Service, the Meteorological Agency, etc., which monitors slope slope collapse and warning in real time by the monitoring unit 130, controls the Laura device unit 110, the gateway unit 120, and the example / alarm server unit 140 remotely. It is possible to control as needed by using a remote control means such as a computer.

Performing step (S140) is a step in which the early warning, alarm server unit 140 receives a slope safety factor from the monitoring unit 130 to prevent safety accidents.

Looking specifically, the alarm server unit 140 is provided with the monitoring unit 130, such as the jurisdiction center, the Forest Service, etc., to notify the nearby residents or nearby wards (disaster officers) of the risk of collapse of the measurement area Prepare for hazards to prevent safety accidents.

In the above, the present invention has been described based on the preferred embodiments, but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and modifications or changes can be made within the scope of the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and such modifications and variations are intended to belong to the appended claims.

100: IoT warning system including slope-based stability monitoring
110: Laura device unit
120: gateway
121: modem
122: power supply
123: Application Server
124: Laura network server
130: monitoring unit
140: early warning and alarm server unit
150: alarm unit
S100: Examples and warning methods including IoT-based slope stability monitoring
S110: transmitting step
S120: control step
S130: monitoring step
S140: performing step

Claims (16)

A Laura device unit comprising a plurality of sensor nodes and installed in a measurement target area for warning and warning, and transmitting soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information acquired in the measurement area;
It is possible to receive and store the soil moisture content ratio, capillary absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information from the Laura device unit, and to manage the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information. A gateway unit configured to calculate a slope safety factor (FS) to control an on-site disaster response service as necessary;
A monitoring unit for real-time monitoring while predicting slope slope collapse and warning based on the slope slope safety factor (FS) calculated through the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the gateway unit; And
An early warning / alarm server unit for receiving the slope safety rate from the monitoring unit so that safety accident prevention is performed; Including but not limited to,
The sensor node is composed of a dielectric porosity measuring sensor. The dielectric porosity measuring sensor has a soil moisture content ratio, a maternal absorption capacity, and a ground temperature based on variation of electrical values generated by inflow or discharge of water into a dielectric of sponge or ceramic type at the bottom thereof. , Warning system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, which measures rainfall, slope, and displacement information. The method of claim 1,
The gateway unit calculates the slope slope safety rate using soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit, and directly or indirectly causes disaster to neighboring citizens according to the slope slope safety rate decrease. Examples and warning systems, including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, which transmit broadcasts, disaster texts, control nearby vehicles, or actively operate tarpaulins installed in collapsed areas. The method of claim 1,
The gateway unit,
A modem that converts the transmitted information into a signal;
A power supply connected to the modem and supplying electrical energy;
An application server for implementing an on-site disaster response service for calculating the slope safety factor (FS) in an application form;
Examples and alarms, including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, characterized in that consisting of a Laura network server implemented as an application for the on-site disaster response service from the application server to transmit information to nearby citizens or nearby ward offices (disaster managers) system. The method of claim 3,
The Laura network server is an example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, characterized in that the data communication using the MQTT (Message Queue for Telemetry Transport) communication protocol. The method of claim 1,
The gateway unit checks the safety of the measurement area by calculating slope safety factor of the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit. Example and warning system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring. The method of claim 5,
The slope safety is calculated by the following equation,
FS = Adhesion + [Unit weight × depth × cos ² slope + capillary absorption × moisture content ratio] × tan internal friction angle / unit weight × soil × cos slope × sin slope
Yes / alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring characterized in that. The method of claim 5,
The safety system of the measurement area in which a plurality of sensor nodes is installed is an example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, characterized in that the calculated value of slope safety factor is 1.0. delete The method of claim 1,
The sensor node is an example-alarm system including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, characterized in that it has a waterproof and dustproof function. A Laura device unit comprising a plurality of sensor nodes is installed in a measurement target area, eg, to transmit soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information obtained in the measurement area;
The gateway unit may receive and store the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information from the Laura device unit, and store and transmit the soil moisture content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information. Controlling and calculating a slope safety factor (FS) to control an on-site disaster response service as necessary;
A monitoring unit predicting slope slope collapse and warning based on the slope slope safety factor (FS) calculated by the soil water content ratio, maternal absorption force, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the gateway unit in real time; And
An early warning and alarm server unit receiving the slope safety rate from the monitoring unit so that safety accident prevention is performed; Including but not limited to,
The sensor node is composed of a dielectric porosity measuring sensor. The dielectric porosity measuring sensor has a soil moisture content ratio, a maternal absorption capacity, and a ground temperature based on variation of electrical values generated by inflow or discharge of water into a dielectric of sponge or ceramic type at the bottom thereof. And warning methods, including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, which measures rainfall, slope, and displacement information. The method of claim 10,
The gateway unit calculates the slope slope safety rate using soil moisture function ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal temperature, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit, and directly or indirectly causes disaster to neighboring citizens according to the slope slope safety rate decrease. Examples and warning methods, including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, which transmit broadcasts, disaster texts, control nearby vehicles, or actively operate tarpaulins installed in collapsed areas. The method of claim 10,
The gateway unit,
A modem that converts the transmitted information into a signal;
A power supply connected to the modem and supplying electrical energy;
An application server for implementing an on-site disaster response service for calculating the slope safety factor (FS) in an application form;
Examples and alarms, including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, characterized in that consisting of a Laura network server implemented as an application for the on-site disaster response service from the application server to transmit information to nearby citizens or nearby ward offices (disaster managers) Way. The method of claim 12,
The soil-based water content ratio, maternal absorption capacity, geothermal, rainfall, slope, and displacement information received from the Laura device unit checks the safety of the measurement area by calculating slope safety factor. Examples and warning methods including slope stability monitoring. The method of claim 13,
The slope safety is calculated by the following equation,
FS = Adhesion + [Unit weight × depth × cos ² slope + capillary absorption × moisture content ratio] × tan internal friction angle / unit weight × soil × cos slope × sin slope
Examples and alarm methods, including IoT-based slope stability monitoring characterized in that. The method of claim 13,
Yes or alarm method including IoT-based slope stability monitoring, characterized in that the safety of the measurement area in which a plurality of sensor nodes is installed, the calculated value of slope safety factor is 1.0. delete

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