KR101982377B1 - Laminate, polarizer, liquid crystal panel, touch panel sensor, touch panel device, and image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

The laminate 10 includes a light-transmitting base material 12, an intermediate layer 13 laminated on the light-transmitting base material adjacent to the light-transmitting base material, and an intermediate layer 13 adjacent to the intermediate layer, Layer (15). Wherein the average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, the average refractive index n _{2 in} the plane of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index n _{3 in} the plane of the functional layer satisfy n ₁ <n ₂ <n ₃ or n ₁ > n > ₂ &gt; n < _{3 &} gt ;. The average refractive index in the plane of the thickness (t) of the intermediate layer, the intermediate wavelength of the shortest wavelength (λ _min) and visible light up to a wavelength (λ _max) of a visible light (λ _ave) and the intermediate layer (n ₂₎ is, λ _ave / (6 × n ₂ ) <t <λ _ave / (3 × n ₂ ).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal panel, a touch panel sensor, a touch panel device, and an image display device,

The present invention relates to a laminate, a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal panel, a touch panel sensor, a touch panel device, and an image display device.

An image display surface in an image display apparatus such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a plasma display (PDP), a light emitting element display (ELD), a field emission display (FED) A laminate having functional layers expected to exhibit a desired function is provided through another member (for example, a touch panel sensor). As a typical functional layer, a hard coating layer for the purpose of improving scratch resistance is exemplified.

The laminate generally has a light-transmitting base material for supporting the functional layer. In such a laminate, light reflected at the surface of the functional layer and light reflected at the interface between the functional layer and the light-transmitting substrate interfere with each other due to the refractive index difference between the light-transparent substrate and the functional layer, There is a problem that a light-like stain pattern is generated.

As countermeasures against interference streaking, when the functional layer is formed on the light-transmitting substrate, the component of the functional layer composition is impregnated on the upper side of the light-transmitting substrate, and the component of the light- A mixed region in which the components of the functional layer are mixed is formed (see, for example, JP2003-131007A). According to the mixed region, the refractive index interface between the light-transmitting substrate and the functional layer can be blurred. Thus, by forming the mixed region, the reflectance at the interface between the light-transmitting substrate and the functional layer can be lowered, thereby preventing occurrence of interference fringes.

However, in order to prevent occurrence of interference fringes, it is necessary to form a mixed region of sufficient thickness. Also, the mixed region is relatively soft. Therefore, when a mixed region having a sufficient thickness is formed, the functional layer on the mixed region must be thickened in order to impart desired hardness to the laminate. For this reason, in the countermeasure using the mixed region, it is necessary to apply the composition for the functional layer thick on the light-transmitting substrate, which causes another problem that the manufacturing cost is increased. Further, the light-transmitting substrate capable of forming the mixed region has high moisture permeability as typified by triacetylcellulose substrate. In addition, a highly moisture-permeable substrate capable of forming a mixed region generates deformation causing deterioration in function of humidity in the environment.

As a tendency in recent years, for example, as disclosed in JP2011-107198A, the problem of secondary staining can be solved by adjusting the retardation, and as an optically transparent base material of an antiglare film, an optically isotropic base material In addition, optically anisotropic substrates have also been used. However, it is difficult to form a mixed region in a stretched polyester substrate which is a typical optically anisotropic substrate. That is, it is not possible to apply the countermeasures against interference streaking using the mixed region to all the transparent substrates that can be embedded in the laminate.

Further, in the laminate referred to as an antiglare film, external light can be diffused from the point that unevenness is formed on the outermost surface (see JP2011-81118A, for example). As a result, in a laminate called an antiglare film, interference fringes can not be formed by diffusion at the outermost surface irregularities, and it is not necessary to form a mixed region. Nowadays, however, it has been desired to impart light to an image observed through an antiglare film. In such a tendency, irregularities formed on the outermost surface of the antiglare film become gentle, and problems such as interference fringe appearing on the antiglare film have also arisen.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to suppress generation of interference fringes on a laminate by a method different from the conventional method.

In the first laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)

The average refractive index (n ₂₎ in the surface of the intermediate layer thickness (t), of the visible light shortest wavelength (λ _min) and the middle wavelength (λ _ave) and the intermediate layer of the longest wavelength (λ _max) of the visible light,

λ _ave / (6 × n ₂ ) <t <λ _ave / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c1)

Satisfies the following condition (c1).

In the second laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)

The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

110 / n _2? T? 170 / n ₂ ... Condition (c2)

(C2). &Lt; / RTI &gt;

In the third laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)

The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <555 / (3 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (c3)

(C3). &Lt; / RTI &gt;

In the fourth laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)

The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

507 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c4)

(C4). &Lt; / RTI &gt;

In the fifth laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)

The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c5)

The condition (c5) is satisfied.

In any one of the first to fifth laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,

(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _1y ) in the direction of the fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light- (N ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer satisfy the following relationship:

n _1x <n ₂ <n ₃ ... Condition (d)

n _1y > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (e)

(D) or (e) may be satisfied.

In any one of the first to fifth laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,

(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer in the direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light- _Wherein a refractive index ( _n3x ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-

n _1x <n _2x <n _3x ... Condition (f)

n _1x > n _2x > n _3x ... Condition (g)

Satisfying any one of the conditions (f) and (g)

(N _1y ) in a direction of a fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light- ( _N3y ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the substrate,

n _1y <n _2y <n _3y ... Condition (h)

_{n 1y> n 2y> n 3y} ... Condition (i)

(H) or (i) may be satisfied.

In any one of the first to fifth laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,

(N _2x ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate and a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-

n _2x > n _2y

May be satisfied.

In any one of the first to fifth laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The light transmission refractive index of the in the slow axis direction of the substrate (n _1x), refractive index in the fast axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate (n _1y), wherein in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate The refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer and the refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-

_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2x -n 2y)

May be satisfied.

In any one of the first to fifth laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,

When the laminate is observed in the normal direction, the angle of the angle formed by the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting base material and the slow axis direction of the intermediate layer, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the intermediate layer, .

In any one of the first to fifth laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,

The slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate may be parallel to the slow axis direction of the intermediate layer in which the refractive index of the intermediate layer is the largest.

In any one of the first to fifth laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,

_Wherein a refractive index (n _1x ) in the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _1y ) in the fast axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, and a refractive index (N _2a ) in the slow axis direction and a refractive index (n _2b ) in the fast axis direction of the intermediate layer, which is orthogonal to the slow axis direction of the intermediate layer,

_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2a -n 2b)

May be satisfied.

In the sixth laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n_One> n₂, And n₂<n₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)

(T) of the intermediate layer, the longest wavelength (? _Max ) of the visible light, and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

0 &lt; t < lambda _max / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q1)

(Q1).

In the seventh laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)

The thickness (t), of the visible light shortest wavelength (λ _min), the visible light up to a wavelength (λ _max) and the average refractive index in the plane of the intermediate layer (n ₂₎ of the intermediate layer,

0 &lt; t < ((lambda _min + lambda _max ) / 2) / (12 x n ₂ ) Condition (q2)

(Q2).

In the eighth laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n_One> n₂, And n₂<n₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)

(T) of the intermediate layer, the shortest wavelength (? _Min ) of visible light, and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

0 &lt; t < lambda _min / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q3)

(Q3).

In the ninth laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)

The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

0 &lt; t < 555 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q4)

(Q4).

In the tenth laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)

The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )

0 &lt; t < 507 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q5)

(Q5).

In the eleventh laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer

And,

Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)

The thickness of the intermediate layer is not less than 3 nm and not more than 30 nm.

In any one of the sixth to eleventh laminated bodies according to the present invention,

The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,

(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _1y ) in the direction of the fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light- (N ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer satisfy the following relationship:

n_1y> n₂, And n₂<n₃ ... Condition (r)

n_1x<n₂, And n₂> n₃ ... Condition (s)

(R) and (s) may be satisfied.

In any one of the first to eleventh laminated bodies according to the present invention,

Wherein the light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,

The retardation of the light-transmitting substrate may be 3000 nm or more.

In any one of the first to eleventh laminated bodies according to the present invention, the light-transmitting substrate may be a polyester substrate.

In any one of the first to eleventh laminated bodies according to the present invention, the functional layer may be a hard coating layer.

Any one of the first to eleventh laminated bodies according to the present invention may further comprise a second functional layer provided on the opposite side of the functional layer from the intermediate layer side.

In any one of the first to eleventh laminated bodies according to the present invention, the second functional layer may be a low refractive index layer having a refractive index lower than that of the functional layer.

In the polarizing plate according to the present invention,

A polarizing element,

And a laminate of any one of the first to eleventh inventions according to the present invention.

In the liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention,

A liquid crystal display panel comprising the laminate according to any one of the first to eleventh inventions or the polarizer according to the present invention.

An image display apparatus according to the present invention comprises any one of the laminate of any one of the first to eleventh inventions, the polarizing plate according to the present invention, or the liquid crystal display panel according to the present invention.

In the touch panel sensor according to the present invention,

The laminate according to any one of the first to eleventh inventions,

And a sensor electrode bonded to the laminate.

The touch panel device according to the present invention includes the touch panel sensor according to the present invention.

The method for producing the first laminate according to the present invention comprises:

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And a functional layer stacked from the opposite side of the light-transparent substrate to the intermediate layer adjacent to the intermediate layer,

The following conditions (a) and the condition (b) of any one is satisfied, and, any of the following conditions (c1) to (c5), such that one or more satisfy the average refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate (n ₁ (N ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, an average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer, and a thickness (t) [nm] of the intermediate layer. Further,? _Ave is a middle wavelength between the shortest wavelength (? _Min ) of visible light and the longest wavelength (? _Max ) of visible light.

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

λ _ave / (6 × n ₂ ) <t <λ _ave / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c1)

110 / n _2? T? 170 / n ₂ ... Condition (c2)

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <555 / (3 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (c3)

507 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c4)

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c5)

In the method of designing the first laminate according to the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

A method of designing a laminated body adjacent to the intermediate layer and including a functional layer laminated on the intermediate layer from the opposite side of the light transmissive substrate,

The following conditions (a) and the condition (b) of any one is satisfied, and, any of the following conditions (c1) to (c5), such that one or more satisfy the average refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate (n ₁ (N ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, an average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer, and a thickness (t) [nm] of the intermediate layer.

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

λ _ave / (6 × n ₂ ) <t <λ _ave / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c1)

110 / n _2? T? 170 / n ₂ ... Condition (c2)

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <555 / (3 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (c3)

507 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c4)

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c5)

The method for producing the second laminate according to the present invention comprises:

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

And a functional layer stacked from the opposite side of the light-transparent substrate to the intermediate layer adjacent to the intermediate layer,

Either one being satisfied with the following conditions (o) and the condition (p), also, any of the following conditions (q1) to (q6), such that one or more satisfy the average refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate (n ₁ (N ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, an average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer, and a thickness (t) [nm] of the intermediate layer. Further,? _Min is the shortest wavelength of visible light, and? _Max is the longest wavelength of visible light.

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

0 &lt; t < lambda _max / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q1)

0 &lt; t < ((lambda _min + lambda _max ) / 2) / (12 x n ₂ ) Condition (q2)

0 &lt; t < lambda _min / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q3)

0 &lt; t < 555 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q4)

0 &lt; t < 507 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q5)

3? T? 30 ... Condition (q6)

According to the second aspect of the present invention,

A light-

An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,

A method of designing a laminated body adjacent to the intermediate layer and including a functional layer laminated on the intermediate layer from the opposite side of the light transmissive substrate,

Either one being satisfied with the following conditions (o) and the condition (p), also, any of the following conditions (q1) to (q6), such that one or more satisfy the average refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate (n ₁ (N ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, an average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer, and a thickness (t) [nm] of the intermediate layer. Further,? _Min is the shortest wavelength of visible light, and? _Max is the longest wavelength of visible light.

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

0 &lt; t < lambda _max / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q1)

0 &lt; t < ((lambda _min + lambda _max ) / 2) / (12 x n ₂ ) Condition (q2)

0 &lt; t < lambda _min / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q3)

0 &lt; t < 555 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q4)

0 &lt; t < 507 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q5)

3? T? 30 ... Condition (q6)

According to the present invention, occurrence of interference fringes can be effectively suppressed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view for explaining an embodiment of the present invention, showing a layer structure of a laminate. FIG.
Fig. 2 is a view corresponding to Fig. 1, and shows the layer structure of another example of the laminate.
3 is a view for explaining the waveform of the light reflected in the laminate.
Fig. 4 is a view for explaining the distribution of the refractive index in the laminate shown in Fig. 1, and is a perspective view schematically showing the laminate.
Fig. 5 is a plan view schematically illustrating the light-transmitting base material and the intermediate layer of the laminate in order to explain birefringence in the plane in the laminate shown in Fig.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a polarizing plate including the laminate shown in Fig. 1. Fig.
7 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display panel including the laminate shown in Fig.
Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a display device including the laminate shown in Fig.
9 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a touch panel sensor and a touch panel including the laminate shown in Fig.
Fig. 10 is a view corresponding to Fig. 3 and is a view for explaining the waveform of light reflected in the laminate according to the second embodiment.

&Lt; First Embodiment &gt;

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, in the drawings attached to the present specification, dimensions and aspect ratios are appropriately changed for convenience of illustration and understanding from those of actual products. 1 to 9 are views for explaining a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 and Fig. 2 are views for explaining a laminate. 3 is a view for explaining the waveform of the light reflected in the laminate. Figs. 4 and 5 are views for explaining the refractive index distribution of the laminate. Fig. Figs. 6 to 9 are schematic diagrams showing configurations of a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal display panel, a touch panel sensor, a touch panel, and a laminate to which the laminate of Fig. 1 is applied.

«Laminate»

&Lt; Overall structure of laminate >

First, the overall structure of the layered product 10 will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, the laminate 10 has a laminate substrate 11 and a functional layer 15 formed on one side of the laminate substrate 11. As shown in Fig. The laminated substrate 11 has a light-transmitting base material 12 and an intermediate layer 13 laminated with a light-transmitting base material 12. The light- In the laminate 10, the intermediate layer 13 is located between the light-transparent substrate 12 and the functional layer 15. [ That is, the functional layer 15 is laminated on the laminated substrate 11 from the side of the intermediate layer 13. In the illustrated example, the intermediate layer 13 is formed on one side of the light-transmitting base material 12 in the laminated base material 11. That is, the laminate 10 is configured so as to include three layers of the light-transmitting substrate 12, the intermediate layer 13, and the functional layer 15 in this order, and the intermediate layer 13 is composed of the light- And the functional layer 15 and forms an interface between the light-transparent substrate 12 and the functional layer 15, respectively.

Fig. 2 shows a laminate as one modified example of the laminate shown in Fig. 2 is that the second functional layer 17 is formed on the surface of the functional layer 15 on the side not facing the laminated substrate 11, Layered body. In the laminate 10 shown in Fig. 1, the functional layer 15 may be formed of a hard coating layer formed on one side of the laminated substrate 11. [ On the other hand, in the laminate 10 shown in Fig. 2, the functional layer 15 is formed of a hard coating layer formed on one side of the laminated substrate 11, and the second functional layer 17 is laminated And a low refractive index layer formed on the surface opposite to the substrate 11.

The laminate 10 according to the first embodiment preferably satisfies at least one of the following conditions (a) and (b) and at least the following condition (c1).

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

λ _ave / (6 × n ₂ ) <t <λ _ave / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c1)

The conditions (a) to (c1), and in later condition (c2) to (c5), "n _1" is the average refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate 12, and "n _2" is the intermediate layer 13 an average refractive index in the plane, "n _3" is the average refractive index in the plane of the functional layer (15). The average refractive index in the plane is an average value of the refractive indexes in two mutually orthogonal directions extending along the sheet surface of the sheet-like layer to be the object. If the object layer is optically isotropic, the refractive indexes in the respective directions along the sheet surface of the layer become equal. On the other hand, if the object layer is optically anisotropic, the refractive index in each direction along the sheet surface of the layer is different.

The term &quot; sheet surface (film surface, sheet surface) &quot; refers to a direction in which the layer or member of the sheet-like form (film or plate) Points to the matching face. The laminated body 10 to be described as the first embodiment is a laminated body 10 in which the sheet surface of the light-transparent substrate 12, the sheet surface of the intermediate layer 13, the sheet surface of the functional layer 15, The sheet surface, the sheet surface of the laminate substrate 11, and the sheet surface of the laminate 10 are parallel to each other.

In the condition (c1), "λ _ave " is a wavelength [nm] intermediate the shortest wavelength (λ _min ) of visible light and the longest wavelength (λ _max ) of visible light and is expressed by the following equation.

? _ave = (? _min +? _max ) / 2

In the condition (c1) and in the following conditions (c2) to (c5), "t" is the thickness [nm] of the intermediate layer 13.

The refractive index in each direction in the plane of each layer was measured using Abbe's refractive index meter (NAR-4T manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.), "Ellipsometer M150" manufactured by Nippon Bunko Co., Ltd., "KOBRA-WR" And the like.

The average reflectance (R) at a wavelength of 380 to 780 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer (UV-3100PC manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) in each direction of each layer in the plane, and the average reflectance (R), using the following equations. The average reflectance R of the intermediate layer 13 and the functional layer 15 is obtained by applying a raw material composition on PET having a thickness of 50 占 퐉 without adhesion facilitating treatment to form a cured film having a thickness of 1 to 3 占 퐉, A black vinyl tape (for example, Yamato vinyl tape NO200-38-21 38 mm wide) having a width larger than the measurement spot area is attached to the surface (back side) on which the raw material composition is not applied (back side) The average reflectance can be measured. The refractive index of the light-transmitting base material 12 can be measured after a black vinyl tape is similarly applied to the surface opposite to the measurement surface.

R (%) = (1-n) ² / (1 + n) ²

If the layers 12, 13 and 15 to be subjected are optically isotropic, the average refractive indices (n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ ) in the plane of the layer can be measured as follows. First, a cured film of each layer is cut out with a cutter or the like to prepare a powdery sample. Subsequently, the above-described powdery state sample is placed on a slide glass or the like using a known Cargill's reagent having a refractive index according to the JIS K7142 (2008) method (for powdery or granular transparent material), and the reagent is dropped on the sample The refractive index of a reagent which can not be observed visually by the bright line generated by the sample contour due to the difference between the refractive indices of the sample and the reagent can be determined by measuring the refractive index of the sample Refractive index) can be used.

The thickness (at the time of curing) t of the intermediate layer 13 can be measured by measuring the average value of arbitrary ten measured values obtained by observing the cross section of the intermediate layer 13 with an electron microscope (SEM, TEM, STEM) [Nm]. In the case where the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 is very thin, measurement can be performed by recording a photograph at a high magnification and photographing it as a photograph and enlarging it further. In the case of enlargement, the layer interface line becomes a thick line which was a very thin line so as to be clearly recognized as a boundary line. In this case, it is sufficient to measure the thick line width as a boundary line at the central portion bisected in the width direction.

When at least the condition (c1) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b) described above by the laminate 10, as described below, the laminate 10 has interference fringes Can be effectively suppressed. Here, the interference fringe which is the object of imperceptibility is the light reflected from the surface of the functional layer 15 in the light directed from the side of the functional layer 15 to the laminate 10 of Fig. 1, Is interference fringes generated by the interference of reflected light (light (L _r ) in Fig. 3). Likewise, light reflected from the surface of the second functional layer 17 or light reflected from the surface of the second functional layer 17 and the functional layer 15 And the interference fringes generated by the interference between the reflected light at the interface of the laminated substrate 11 and the reflected light from the laminated substrate 11 (the light L _{r in} Fig. 3) are also the interference fringes to be imaged. Here, the reflected light (the light (L _r ) in FIG. 3) from the laminated base 11 is reflected by the reflected light (the light (L _r1 ) in FIG. 3) at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13, 13) and the light-transmitting base material 12 (light (L _r2 ) in Fig. 3).

Hereinafter, the interference fringe non-visualizing function expressed by the laminate 10 satisfying the condition (c1) together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), in other words, the occurrence of the interference fringe, that is, , And in other words, a function for preventing the interference fringe from being conspicuous will be described.

First, the intermediate layer 13 is provided between the light-transmitting substrate 12 and the functional layer 15, and one of the conditions (a) and (b) is satisfied, 15, the refractive index gradually changes. That is, the intermediate layer 13 is disposed between the light-transmitting base material 12 and the functional layer 15, and the average refractive index in the plane between the light-transmitting base material 12 and the functional layer 15 is changed in two steps . Thereby, there is no interface between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12 where the average refractive index in the plane largely changes. That is, between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12, only the interface where the difference in the average refractive index in the plane is small, and therefore the reflectance is low, is present.

Therefore, while the light (L _{i in} FIG. 3) incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 advances toward the light-transparent base 12, Can be effectively prevented. The light reflected from the surface of the laminated body 10 on the side of the functional layer 15 and the reflected light from the laminated substrate 11 can be emitted from the light incident on the laminated body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15, It is possible to prevent the interference fringes that may be caused by the interference fringes effectively.

When the condition (c1) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), the reflectance is lowered, and the inside of the layered product (10) (L _{r in} FIG. 3) that is reflected from the laminated base material 11 toward the side of the functional layer 15 from the side of the laminated substrate 11 toward the side of the laminated substrate 11 from the side of the functional layer 15 have. That is, by reducing the intensity of the light causing the interference fringes, the interference fringes can be made less noticeable.

Examples of a method of making interference fringes occurring in the laminate invisible include a method of blurring the interface in the laminate by providing a mixed region, and a method of forming unevenness on the surface of the laminate. However, as described above, in the method of forming the mixed region, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the functional layer in order to secure the strength of the layered body 10. [ Therefore, when this method is adopted, there arises a problem that the material cost is increased and the manufacturing cost of the layered product 10 is increased. If the method of forming the concavities and convexities on the surface of the layered body 10 is adopted, the image quality of the image observed through the layered body 10 is deteriorated. Specifically, a whitish tint occurs on the screen and the contrast is lowered, so that gloss and light of the image are lost.

On the other hand, it is not necessary to form the mixed region in the laminate 10 satisfying the condition (c1) together with one of the conditions (a) and (b) and further to increase the thickness of the functional layer . In the case where the intermediate layer 13 is formed of a primer layer such as an easy-to-adhere layer as an example, it is not necessary to provide an additional layer on the layered product 10 only for the purpose of countermeasure against interference streaking, There is no disadvantage. Further, it becomes possible to use a polyester base material, which is difficult to form the mixed region itself, as the light-transmitting base material 12. The light-transmitting base material 12 made of a polyester base material is excellent in cost and stability.

In addition, in the laminate 10 satisfying the condition (c1) together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), it is not necessary to cause diffusion, and the occurrence of the interference fringes Can be effectively prevented. Therefore, the interference fringe can be made invisible without adversely affecting the image quality of the image observed through the laminate 10. That is, in the layered product 10 that satisfies the condition (c1) together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), the glossiness is given to the display image while the occurrence of whitening and interference fringes Lt; / RTI &gt;

3, the light intensity of the reflected light from the laminated substrate 11, which is expressed by the laminated body 10 satisfying the condition (c1) together with one of the conditions (a) and (b) Will be described.

The light incident on the layered body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 is reflected by the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 and the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the intermediate layer 13, 13 and the interface of the light-transmitting base material 12, the phase is reflected by the fixed end, or the phase is maintained by the free end reflection on both sides of the interface. In the laminate 10 shown in Fig. 3, the condition (b) in the conditions (a) and (b) is satisfied and the light incident on the laminate 10 from the side of the functional layer 15, At the interface between the layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 and the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the light-transmitting base material 12, the fixed end is reflected to shift the phase by [rad].

In the example shown in Fig. 3, a cross section along the normal direction (nd) of the laminate 10 is shown. 3, incident light L _i incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15, reflected light L _r1 reflected from the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13, about 13) surface by the reflection light (L _r2 reflected from the light-transmitting substrate 12) and the reflected light (L _r1) and reflection (synthesis of synthesis reflected light L _r2), (L _r), the vibration state at which point Respectively. 3, if the x-axis extends in the normal direction of the laminate 10 and the x-y coordinate is set so that the y-axis extends the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13, L _i , L _r1 , L _r2 , and L _r are expressed by the following equations (1) to (4), respectively. In the following formulas (1) to (4), "?" Is the wavelength [nm] of light.

Y _i = sin ((x x n ₃ /?) X 2?) ... Equation (1)

Y _r1 = sin ((x x n ₃ /?) X 2?) ... Equation (2)

Y _r2 = sin (((x x n ₃ /?) + (2t x n ₂ /?)) X 2? Equation (3)

_{Y r = 2 · cos (2t} × n 2 × π / λ) · sin (((x × n 3 / λ) + (t × n 2 / λ)) × 2π) ... Equation (4)

That is, the intensity of the synthesized reflected light L _r from the laminated base material 11 causing interference fringes is expressed by "2 · cos (2t · n ₂ · π / λ)" indicating the waveform amplitude of the light . The interference fringe becomes less noticeable as the intensity of the synthetic reflection light L _r is weak. Therefore, when the following equation (5) is obtained in which the amplitude of the synthetic reflected light L _r is less than half (less than 1) of the maximum value (2), the interference caused by the light of the wavelength? (6) in which the amplitude exceeds half of the maximum value is satisfied, the interference fringes due to the light of the wavelength? Are not noticeably suppressed From the point of view of being open.

? / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <? / (3 x n ₂ ) Equation (5)

t <? / (6 x n ₂ ) or? / (3 x n ₂ ) <t ... Equation (6)

From the above, when the condition (c1) is satisfied together with the condition (b), the light in the wavelength range including the wavelength? _Ave , which is the center wavelength of the visible light, is prevented from being viewed as interference fringes. In other words, interference fringes can effectively be invisible with respect to light in a wavelength region including at least the visible light center wavelength? _Ave.

In addition, by changing to the condition (b), the interference fringe is effective for the light in the visible light wavelength region including at least a part of the visible light center wavelength? _Ave , even when the condition (c1) It can be made impossible. When the condition (a) is satisfied, the light incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 passes through the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the light-transparent substrate 12, And at the free end of the interface of the light-shielding film 13, the phase is maintained. Therefore, light whose phase is delayed by? [Rad] with respect to the incident light L _i of FIG. 3 enters the laminate 10 satisfying the conditions (a) and (c1) from the side of the functional layer 15 The reflected light from the laminated substrate 11 has the same waveform as the reflected light L _r1 , L _r2 , and L _r shown in FIG. In this respect, it is understood that, even when the condition (c1) is satisfied together with the condition (a) in place of the condition (b), the interference fringe can be effectively invisible with respect to at least a part of the visible light.

Further, when the condition (a) is satisfied by changing to the condition (b), the intermediate layer 13 is disposed between the light-transmitting substrate 12 and the functional layer 15 as in the case where the condition (b) The average refractive index in the plane between the light-transmitting substrate 12 and the functional layer 15 is changed in two steps. Therefore, by effectively lowering the reflectance, it is possible to effectively prevent the light incident on the layered body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 from returning to the traveling direction by reflection while traveling toward the light- can do. The light reflected from the surface of the multilayer body 10 on the side of the functional layer 15 and the light reflected from the multilayer substrate 11 can be emitted from the light incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15, It is possible to prevent the interference fringes that may be caused by the interference fringes effectively.

From the above, when the condition (c1) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b) described above, the light in the visible light wavelength region of at least a part including the visible light center wavelength? _Ave is _viewed as interference fringes Can be effectively prevented. In other words, the above-described conditions (a) and (b) in the case of which one end and with condition (c1) is satisfied, no interference pattern with respect to the wavelength region light, including visible light, the center wavelength (λ _ave) ethoxylated function (interference fringes (Not shown) is displayed. Further in other words, the above-mentioned conditions (a) and (b) when the with of one of the conditions (c1) is satisfied, no interference pattern with respect to the light in the visible wavelength region including the light in the visible light center wavelength (λ _ave) ethoxylated function The interference fringes can be prevented from remarkably effectively striking out.

According to the definition of JIS Z8120, the longest wavelength (? _Max ) of the visible light wavelength region is 830 nm and the shortest wavelength (? _Min ) of the visible light wavelength region is 360 nm.

In addition, when the inventor of the present invention conducted an exemplary experiment, it was found that when one of the conditions (a) and (b) was satisfied and the following condition (c2) was satisfied, interference fringes were visually observed It was possible to suppress it very effectively.

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (b)

110 / n _2? T? 170 / n ₂ ... Condition (c2)

It is also effective to make the following condition (c3) or condition (c4) and further satisfy the condition (c5) together with one of the conditions (a) and (b) described above from the viewpoint of making the interference stripes invisible .

n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)

n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <555 / (3 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (c3)

507 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c4)

555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c5)

The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) reports that human sensitivity to light in each wavelength region within the visible range is different. According to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the wavelength of light that is most sensitive to humans when acclimated to a bright spot is 555 nm, and the wavelength of light that is most sensitive to humans is 507 nm when it conforms to a dark place. Therefore, when condition (c3) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), it is possible to effectively exhibit the interference fringe non-visualizing function with respect to the light in the wavelength region, have. That is, when condition (c3) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), it is possible to effectively prevent the interference fringes from being visible in a bright place. On the other hand, when the condition (c4) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), it is possible to effectively exhibit the interference fringe non-visualization function for the light in the wavelength region, have. That is, when the condition (c4) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), it is possible to effectively prevent the interference fringes from being visually recognized in a dark place. When the condition (c5) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), not only the light in the wavelength region that is most easily perceived by humans in a bright place but also the light It is possible to effectively exhibit the interference fringe non-lightening function even in the light of the wavelength region which is liable to be generated. That is, when the condition (c5) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), it is possible to effectively prevent the interference fringes from being visually recognized in both the bright place and the dark place.

In addition to the above-described equation (5), even when the following equation (5 ') using the natural number k is satisfied, it is possible to obtain an advantage that the interference fringes due to the light of the wavelength? It becomes a situation. When the equation (5 ') is satisfied, only when the optical path of the reflected light L _r2 is longer than (? K) / (2 x n ₂ ) [nm] The waveform of the synthetic reflected light L _r does not change. Thus, when the equation (5 ') is satisfied, the same operational effect as that in the case where the equation (5) is satisfied can be expected.

? / (6 x n ₂ ) <t- (k x?) / (2 x n ₂ ) <? / (3 x n ₂ ) Equation (5 ')

Therefore, when one of the conditions (a) and (b) is satisfied and the following condition (c1 ') is satisfied, the same operation as the condition (c1) Effect can be expected.

_{λ ave / (6 × n 2} ) <t- (k × λ ave) / (2 × n 2) <λ ave / (3 × n 2) ... (C1 ')

Even if the following conditions (c2 ') to (c5') are satisfied for the conditions (c2) to (c4) instead of these conditions (c2) to (c2) to (c5) are satisfied.

_{110 / n 2 ≤t- (k ×} λ ave) / (2 × n 2) ≤170 / n 2 ... Condition (c2 ')

555 / (6 x n₂) < t- (k x 555) / (2 x n₂) &Lt; 555 / (3 x n₂) ... Condition (c3 ')

507 / (6 x n₂) < t- (k x 507) / (2 x n₂) &Lt; 507 / (3 x n₂) ... The condition (c4 ')

507 / (6 x n₂) <t- (k × ((507 + 555) / 2)) / (2 × n₂) &Lt; 507 / (3 x n₂) ... Condition (c5 ')

However, satisfying the conditions (c1 ') to (c5') instead of the conditions (c1) to (c5) means that the thickness t of the intermediate layer 13 is increased. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the material cost, it is preferable that the conditions (c1) to (c5) are satisfied rather than the conditions (c1 ') to the conditions (c5').

However, as described in the column of the prior art, there is also a case where the light-transmitting base material 12 has birefringence in the surface nowadays. When the light-transmitting base material 12 has a birefringence in the plane, the refractive index in each direction in the plane along the sheet surface of the light-transmitting base material 12 changes. (A) and (b) described above by the average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12 in order to more effectively exhibit the function of lowering the intensity of the above-described combined interference light L _r , ), It is preferable that one of the following conditions (d) and (e) is satisfied.

n _1x <n ₂ <n ₃ ... Condition (d)

n _1y > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (e)

Here, &quot; n _1x &quot; in the condition (e) is a value of the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction in which the refractive index is the greatest in the plane of the light- On the other hand, "n _1y " in the condition (d) is the value of the refractive index in the fast axis direction, which is the direction in which the refractive index is the smallest in the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12.

When one of the formulas (d) and (e) is satisfied, not only the average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12, but also the refractive index in all directions in the plane of the light- n _arb , one of the following conditions (d ') and (e') is satisfied.

n _arb <n ₂ <n ₃ ... Condition (d ')

n _arb > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (e ')

When one of the conditions (d ') and (e') is satisfied, the light of the polarization component oscillating in the direction of the slow axis in the plane of the light-transmitting base material (12) Both of the light of the polarized light component oscillating in the direction of the first layer 13 are reflected at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 under the same condition with respect to the phase shift and in the same condition with respect to the phase shift, ) And the interface of the light-transmitting base material 12. That is, when one of the conditions (d ') and (e') is satisfied, the light traveling in the laminate (10) from the side of the functional layer (15) The free end is reflected at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 and at the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the interface with the light transmitting base 12 without depending on the polarization state, Reflection. Therefore, when one of the conditions d 'and e' is satisfied, the light amount of the reflected light from the above-described laminated substrate 11 (the reflectance in the laminated substrate 11) ) And the function of lowering the intensity of the _combined interference light (L _r ) are very effectively exhibited.

On the other hand, when one of the conditions (a) and (b) is satisfied but both of the conditions (d ') and (e') are not satisfied, the laminated substrate 11 Of the light traveling in the laminate 10 toward the side of the intermediate layer 13 and the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the light-transmitting base material 12, depending on the polarization state of the light, The free end is reflected at one of the interfaces and the fixed end is reflected at the other interface. The function of lowering the intensity of the above-described combined interference light L _r and the function of lowering the light amount of the reflected light from the laminated substrate 11 (the reflectance in the laminated substrate 11) There is no number. However, when one of the conditions (a) and (b) is satisfied, even if the conditions (d ') and (e') are both unsatisfied, The above-described interference fringe non-visualizing function is effectively applied to a larger amount of light traveling in the laminate 10 toward the side of the substrate 11. That is, when any one of the conditions (c1) to (c6) described above is satisfied together with one of the conditions (a) and (b), the light is incident on the laminate 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 The function of lowering the light amount of the reflected light from the above-described laminated substrate 11 (the reflectance in the laminated substrate 11) and the function of lowering the intensity of the _combined interference light L _r are largely worsened with respect to one light It is possible to effectively prevent the interference fringe from appearing.

In addition, when the light-transmitting base material 12 has the in-plane birefringence, the refractive indexes (n _1x , n _2x ) in the respective directions (d _x , d _y ) of the layers 12, , n _3x , n _1y , n _2y , and n _3y ) are set as follows. That is, from the viewpoint of effectively exhibiting the function of lowering the light amount of the reflected light from the laminated base material 11 (the reflectance in the laminated base material 11), the light- the refractive index (n _1x), the refractive index of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction (d _x) of the light-transmitting substrate 12 (n _2x) and the light-transmitting substrate 12 in the slow axis direction (d _x) (N _3x ) of the functional layer 15 in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction (d _x )

n _1x <n _2x <n _3x ... Condition (f)

n _1x > n _2x > n _3x ... Condition (g)

Is the condition (f) and (g) the refractive index of the of the fast axis direction (d _y) perpendicular to satisfy either one, and in the plane of the transparent substrate 12 in slow axis direction (d _x) (n _1y ), the fast axis of the transparent substrate 11, the direction (d _y), the fast axis of the refractive index (n _2y) and the light-transmitting substrate 12 of the middle layer 13 in a direction parallel to the direction (d _y) and become parallel The refractive index n _3y of the functional layer 15 in the direction

n _1y <n _2y <n _3y ... Condition (h)

_{n 1y> n 2y> n 3y} ... Condition (i)

It is preferable that at least one of the conditions (h) and (i) is satisfied.

When any one of the conditions (f) and (g) is satisfied and any one of the conditions (h) and (i) is satisfied, the intermediate layer 13 has a light transmittance with birefringent And the refractive index is changed in two steps in both the slow axis direction (d _x ) and the fast axis direction (d _y ) of the transparent base material (12). As a result, there is no interface between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12 having birefringence, in which the refractive index in the slow axis direction (d _x ) of the light-transmitting base material 12 largely changes, , There is no interface at which the refractive index in the fast axis direction (d _y ) of the light-transmitting base material 12 largely changes. That is, between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12 having birefringence, the refractive index difference in both the slow axis direction d _x and the fast axis direction d _{y of the} light-transparent base material 12 is small , So that there is only an interface at which the reflectance is lowered.

Therefore, it is possible to more effectively prevent the light incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 from returning to the traveling direction by reflection while traveling toward the light-transparent base material 12. [ The light reflected from the surface of the functional layer 15 and the light reflected from the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 or the intermediate layer 13 from the light incident on the layered body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 The interference fringes that may be generated by the light reflected at the interface between the light-transmitting substrate 13 and the light-transmitting substrate 12 can be prevented more effectively.

The refractive index n _{2 x} of the intermediate layer 13 in the direction parallel to the slow axis direction d _x of the light transmitting base material 12 and the refractive index n _{2 x of the} light transmitting substrate 12 parallel to the fast axis direction d _y The refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer 13 in the direction

n _2x > n _2y ... Condition (j)

(J) that satisfies the following condition. In this case, the intermediate layer 13 also has in-plane birefringence. When the condition (j) is satisfied, the refractive index in the slow axis direction (d _x ) of the light-transparent base material 12 is set between the functional layer 15 and the light- And the refractive index in the fast axis direction (d _y ) of the light-transmitting base material 12 can be slightly changed by dividing into two circuits. This makes it possible to more effectively prevent the light incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 from returning in the traveling direction by reflection while traveling to the light-transparent base material 12. [ As a result, interference fringes can be made more inconspicuous.

When the condition (j) is satisfied, the refractive index n _1x in the slow axis direction d _x of the transparent base material 12, the refractive index n _{1x in} the fast axis direction d _y of the light- (n _1y), the fast axis direction of the refractive indices (n _2x) and the light-transmitting substrate 12 of the light-transmitting substrate 12 slow axis direction in a direction intermediate layer 13 in parallel with the (d _x) of (d _y) The refractive index n _2y of the intermediate layer 13 in the direction parallel to the refractive index

_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2x -n 2y) ... Condition (k)

(K) satisfying the following condition: &quot; (k) &quot; For example, a fast axis direction of the refractive index (n _3x) and the light-transmitting substrate 12 of the light-transmitting substrate 12 slow axis direction of the functional layers in a direction parallel to the (d _x) (15) of (d _y) When the functional layer 15 is optically isotropic and does not have birefringence when the refractive index n _3y of the functional layer 15 in the direction parallel to the optical axis direction does not largely differ, ) And the condition (k) are satisfied, the intermediate layer 13 does not have a strong birefringence more than necessary, and the birefringence of the intermediate layer 13 does not become stronger in both directions of the slow axis direction d _x and the fast axis direction d _{y of the} light- So that the refractive index can be changed little by little by dividing the refractive index by two. This makes it possible to more effectively prevent the light incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 from returning in the traveling direction by reflection while traveling on the light-transparent base material 12. [ As a result, it is possible to prevent the interference fringe from becoming more conspicuous.

5, when the laminated base material 11 is observed in the normal direction (direction normal to the sheet surface of the laminated base material 11), the direction of the slow axis of the light-transparent base material 12 (d _x ), a middle layer (slow axis direction 13) the middle layer 13 is the refractive index of greater orientation in the surface of the (d _a) less than 45 °, the size of formed angle (θ) by the (condition (la)) in , More preferably less than 30 DEG (condition (lb)). As the angle? Is smaller, the distribution of the refractive index in the plane of the intermediate layer 13 has the same tendency as the distribution of the refractive index in the plane of the transparent base material 12.

That is, when the condition la is satisfied and the angle? Is less than 45 degrees, not only the two directions of the above-described light-transmitting base material 12 in the slow axis direction d _x and the fast axis direction d _y , The refractive index in various directions along the sheet surface of the light-transmitting base material 12 is gradually changed by dividing it into two circuits without significantly changing between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12, do. Further, the condition (lb) is satisfied only two directions of the angle (θ) is 30 °, the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate 12 on to above-mentioned (d _x) and fast axis direction (d _y) is less than The refractive index in substantially all directions along the sheet surface of the light-transparent substrate 12 does not change greatly between the functional layer 15 and the light-transparent substrate 12 but gradually changes in two steps. In particular, when the angle (θ) is 0 °, that is, when the slow axis direction (d _a) of the slow axis direction (d _x) and the intermediate layer 13 of the light-transmitting substrate 12 in parallel (condition (m ), The refractive indexes in the respective directions are gradually changed in two steps between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12 while tending to have the same tendency as the refractive index changes in the different directions. This makes it possible to extremely effectively prevent the light incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 from returning in the traveling direction due to the reflection while advancing to the transparent base material 12, The stripes can be made very inconspicuous.

Here, the ellipse drawn on the light-transmitting substrate 12 in FIG. 5 shows a cross-section on the light-transmitting substrate 12 with respect to an example of the refractive index ellipsoid showing the refractive index distribution of the light-transmitting substrate 12. Similarly, the ellipse drawn on the intermediate layer 13 in Fig. 5 shows a cross-section on the intermediate layer 13 relating to an example of the refractive index ellipsoid showing the refractive index distribution of the intermediate layer 13. Fig.

The refractive index n _1x in the slow axis direction d _x of the transparent base material 12, the refractive index n _1y in the fast axis direction d _y of the transparent base material 13, of the refractive index (n _2b) in the slow axis direction (d _a) the refractive index (n _2a) and a fast axis direction (d _b) of the intermediate layer in,

_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2a -n 2b) ... Condition (n)

(N) is satisfied. When the condition (n) is satisfied, it is possible to prevent the intermediate layer 13 from having a stronger birefringence than necessary, as in the case where the above condition (k) is satisfied, thereby effectively striking the interference fringe You can do it.

<Light-transmitting substrate>

Next, the light-transmitting base material 12 will be described in detail. The light-transmitting substrate 12 is not particularly limited as far as it has optical transparency, and examples thereof include a cellulose acylate base, a cycloolefin polymer base, a polycarbonate base, an acrylate base polymer base, a polyester base base, .

Examples of the cellulose acylate base include cellulose triacetate base and cellulose diacetate base. As the cycloolefin polymer base, there may be mentioned, for example, a base composed of a polymer such as a norbornene monomer and a monocyclic cycloolefin monomer.

As the cycloolefin polymer base, there may be mentioned, for example, a base composed of a polymer such as a norbornene monomer and a monocyclic cycloolefin monomer.

Examples of the polycarbonate substrate include aromatic polycarbonate substrates based on bisphenols (such as bisphenol A) and aliphatic polycarbonate substrates such as diethylene glycol bisaryl carbonate.

Examples of the acrylate polymer base include poly (methyl meth) acrylate based, poly (meth) acrylate based, and (meth) acrylate methyl- (meth) acrylate butyl copolymer.

Examples of the polyester base material include polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly (1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate), polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene- 6-naphthalate, and the like.

Examples of the glass substrate include glass substrates such as soda lime silica glass, borosilicate glass, and alkali-free glass.

The average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12 can be 1.40 or more and 1.80 or less.

The transmittance of the light-transmitting base material 12 in the visible light region is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 84% or more. The transmittance can be measured by JIS K7361-1 (total light transmittance test method of plastic-transparent material).

The light-transmitting substrate 12 may be subjected to a surface treatment such as a saponification treatment, a glow discharge treatment, a corona discharge treatment, an ultraviolet (UV) treatment and a flame treatment within the range not deviating from the object of the present invention.

However, the light-transmitting base material 12 may have a birefringence in the plane. The light-transmitting base material 12 having a birefringence in the plane is generally excellent in terms of stability against mechanical properties, transparency, heat and the like, and is very advantageous in cost. Hereinafter, the light-transmitting base material 12 having birefringence in the plane will be described.

The optically anisotropic light-transmitting base material 12 is advantageous from the viewpoints of physical properties and cost. On the other hand, the optically anisotropic light-transmitting base material 12 can be used as a liquid crystal display panel in which an image is formed by light of one linearly polarized light component When the display device is overlaid, there is a case where a stain pattern observed as a color pattern called a secondary smear is generated. In order to cope with this secondary unevenness, the light-transmitting base material 12 has a retardation of 3000 nm or more. When a light-transmitting base material having retardation of 3000 nm or more is used, it is possible to effectively suppress occurrence of secondary unevenness in the display image of the image display device even when the light-transparent base material is incorporated in the image display device. The details of the mechanism capable of making the secondary stain impossible are unclear. However, by giving a high retardation to the light-transmitting base material 12, the light having generated the secondary stain has a more continuous spectrum distribution, It is now expected not to be recognized as an unusual colored stain.

Further, by using such a high-retardation light-transmitting base material 12, it is possible to exert the following advantageous effects as compared with an optically isotropic base material such as a base material made of triacetylcellulose which has been conventionally widely used. When an optically isotropic base material is superimposed on a display device such as a liquid crystal display panel which forms an image by light of one linearly polarized light component, an observer equipped with polarizing glasses represented by sunglasses depends on the absorption axis direction of the polarizing glasses The image of the image display device can not be observed brightly, and further, the image of the image display device can not be observed. On the other hand, in the case of using optically anisotropic light-transmitting base material 12, in particular, light-transparent base material 12 of high retardation of 3000 nm or more, as compared with the case of using optically isotropic base material, , It was possible to observe the image more brightly. This phenomenon is presumably due to the fact that the polarization state of the image light projected from the display device is disturbed by the optically anisotropic transparent base material 12, particularly the transparent base material 12 having a retardation higher than 3000 nm. Nowadays, the use environment of a display device is rapidly diversified and widely applied to, for example, a portable device or a device used outdoors. It is expected that the situation in which the observer observes the display device with the polarizing glasses mounted more frequently occurs in accordance with the diversity of use forms of the display device. Even in this trend, application of the optically anisotropic light-transparent substrate 12, in particular, the optical retardation of the light-transparent substrate 12 of 3000 nm or more, to the optical film 10 is very useful.

The retardation is an index indicating the degree of birefringence in the plane. More preferably 6000 nm or more and 25000 nm or less, and still more preferably 8000 nm or more and 20000 nm or less from the viewpoints of secondary stain resistance and thinning.

The retardation Re (unit: nm) is a ratio of the refractive index (n _1x ) in the direction of the greatest refractive index (slow axis direction) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate to the refractive index Is expressed by the following formula (7), using the refractive index (n _1y ) and the thickness d of the light-transmitting substrate (unit: nm).

_{Re = (n 1x -n 1y)} × d ... (7)

The retardation can be a value measured by setting a measurement angle of 0 DEG and a measurement wavelength of 548.2 nm using, for example, KOBRA-WR manufactured by Isoguchi Kikki Co., The retardation can also be obtained by the following method. First, using the two polarizing plates, the orientation axis direction of the light-transmitting base material is obtained, and the refractive index (n _1x , n _1y ) of two axes orthogonal to the orientation axis direction is determined by Abbe's refractive index meter (NAR-4T manufactured by Atago) . Here, an axis indicating a larger refractive index is defined as a slow axis. Further, the thickness of the light-transmitting substrate is measured by using, for example, an electric micrometer (manufactured by Anritsu). Then, the refractive index difference (n _1x -n _1y ) (hereinafter, n _1x -n _1y is referred to as? N) is calculated using the obtained refractive index, and the refractive index difference n and the thickness d of the light- nm), the retardation can be obtained.

The difference between the refractive index n _{1x in} the slow axis direction of the transparent base material 12 and the refractive index n _{1y in the} fast axis direction of the transparent base material 12 (Also referred to as &quot; difference DELTA n &quot;) is preferably 0.05 to 0.20. When the refractive index difference? N is less than 0.05, the film thickness necessary for obtaining the above retardation value becomes thick. On the other hand, when the refractive index difference? N exceeds 0.20, cracks, tearing, and the like easily occur in the light-transparent base material 12, and practical utility as an industrial material is remarkably lowered. More preferably, the lower limit of the refractive index difference n is 0.07 and the upper limit of the refractive index difference n is 0.15. When the refractive index difference? N is more than 0.15, the durability of the light-transmitting base material 12 in the heat and humidity resistance test may be poor depending on the kind of the light-transmitting base material 12. From the viewpoint of ensuring excellent durability in the heat and humidity resistance test, the more preferable upper limit of the refractive index difference n is 0.12.

Further, the refractive index (n _1x ) of the light-transmitting base material 12 in the slow axis direction (d _x ) is preferably 1.60 to 1.80, more preferably 1.65, and still more preferably 1.75. The refractive index (n _1y ) in the fast axis direction (d _y ) of the light-transmitting base material 12 is preferably 1.50 to 1.70, more preferably 1.55, and still more preferably 1.65. The refractive index n _1x in the slow axis direction d _x and the refractive index n _1y in the fast axis direction d _{y of the} light transmitting base material 12 are in the above ranges and the refractive index difference n ) Is satisfied, it is possible to obtain a more advantageous effect of suppressing the secondary stain.

The thickness of the light transmitting base material 12 having a birefringent in-plane is not particularly limited, but it is usually 5 占 퐉 or more and 1000 占 퐉 or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the light transmitting base material 12 is, More preferably 15 mu m or more, and more preferably 25 mu m or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the light-transmitting substrate 12 is preferably 80 占 퐉 or less from the viewpoint of thinning.

When a polyester base material having retardation of 3000 nm or more is used as the light-transmitting base material 12, the thickness of the polyester base material is preferably 15 μm or more and 500 μm or less. If it is less than 15 mu m, the retardation of the polyester base material can not be made to be not less than 3000 nm, and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties becomes remarkable, and cracking, tearing and the like are liable to occur and the practicality as an industrial material is remarkably lowered . On the other hand, when it exceeds 500 탆, the flexibility inherent to the polymer film is lowered, and there is a fear that practical utility as an industrial material is lowered. A more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the polyester base material is 50 mu m, a more preferable upper limit is 400 mu m, and a more preferable upper limit is 300 mu m.

The light-transmitting base material 12 having birefringent in-plane is not particularly limited as long as it has retardation of 3000 nm or more, and examples thereof include an acrylic base, a polyester base, a polycarbonate base, and a cycloolefin polymer base. Among them, a polyester substrate is preferable from the viewpoints of cost and mechanical strength.

The polyester used in the polyester substrate may be a copolymer of the above-mentioned polyesters, and the polyester may be used as a main component (for example, 80 mol% or more) and a small proportion (for example, 20 mol% or less) It may be blended with other kinds of resins. As the polyester, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate is particularly preferable because it has good balance of mechanical properties and optical properties. Particularly, polyethylene terephthalate is preferable because it is highly versatile and easy to obtain. In the present invention, it is possible to obtain an optical film capable of producing a liquid crystal display device having a high display quality even though it is an extremely high-versatility film such as polyethylene terephthalate. Further, polyethylene terephthalate is excellent in transparency, thermal or mechanical properties, can control retardation by stretching, has a large intrinsic birefringence, and is relatively easy to obtain a large retardation even if the film thickness is thin.

For example, as a method of obtaining a polyester substrate having a retardation of 3000 nm or more, a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate is melted and extruded into a sheet form to form an unstretched polyester, which is heated at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature Followed by stretching in the transverse direction, followed by heat treatment. The transverse stretching temperature is preferably 80 to 130 占 폚, more preferably 90 to 120 占 폚. The transverse stretch magnification is preferably 2.5 to 6.0 times, more preferably 3.0 to 5.5 times. If the transverse stretching magnification exceeds 6.0 times, the transparency of the resulting polyester base tends to be lowered. If the stretching magnification is less than 2.5 times, the stretching tension is also small, and the birefringence of the obtained polyester base becomes small, The film thickness to be obtained becomes thick. Further, when extruding the polyester base material into a sheet shape, stretching in the flow direction (machine direction), that is, longitudinal stretching may be performed. In this case, from the viewpoint of stably securing the value of the refractive index difference n within the above-mentioned desirable range, it is preferable that the longitudinal stretching is two times or less the stretching magnification. Further, instead of longitudinally stretching at the time of extrusion molding, longitudinal stretching may be performed after transverse stretching of the above-mentioned unstretched polyester under the above-described conditions. The treatment temperature during the heat treatment is preferably 100 to 250 占 폚, more preferably 180 to 245 占 폚.

As a method for controlling the retardation of the polyester substrate produced by the above-described method to not less than 3000 nm, a method of appropriately setting the stretching magnification, the stretching temperature, and the film thickness of the polyester base to be produced can be mentioned. Specifically, for example, the higher the stretching magnification, the lower the stretching temperature, and the thicker the film thickness, the easier to obtain higher retardation, the lower the stretching ratio, the higher the stretching temperature, The thinner the thickness, the easier to obtain a low retardation.

<Middle layer>

Next, the intermediate layer 13 will be described in detail. The intermediate layer 13 satisfies the above-described condition concerning the thickness t (nm) and the average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane thereof, (L _r1), and the intermediate layer 13 and the lower the light intensity (amplitude) of the reflection light (L _r2) synthesized reflected light (L _r) obtained by superimposing at the interface of the transparent substrate 12 was, synthesized reflected light (L _r ) Is prevented from being visually recognized. The intermediate layer 13 is not particularly limited insofar as it satisfies the above-mentioned condition concerning the thickness t (nm) and the average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane.

The intermediate layer 13 may have a function other than suppressing the occurrence of interference fringes by lowering the light intensity (amplitude) of the synthesized reflected light L _r . For example, the primer layer may be formed by controlling the thickness of the primer layer functioning as an adhesion-facilitating layer and the average refractive index in the plane, as a more specific example. According to this example, it is possible to eliminate the necessity of providing a new intermediate layer 13 in the laminate 10 from the viewpoint of preventing generation of interference fringes. In other words, the layer provided for securing ease of adhesion and the like can be used for the incapacitation of interference fringes, which is highly preferable from the viewpoint of the material cost of the layered product 10. [

Therefore, the intermediate layer 13 can be made of the same material as the known primer layer. Concretely, the resin contained in the intermediate layer 13 is, for example, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polyvinyl acetate resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, an acrylic resin, Polyvinyl acetal resin, copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate or acrylic acid, copolymer of ethylene and styrene and / or butadiene, thermoplastic resin such as olefin resin and / or modified resin thereof, polymer of photopolymerizable compound And a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, or the like.

The photopolymerizable compound has at least one photopolymerizable functional group. In the present specification, the "photopolymerizable functional group" is a functional group capable of undergoing polymerization reaction by light irradiation. Examples of the photopolymerizable functional group include ethylenic double bonds such as (meth) acryloyl group, vinyl group and allyl group. The term "(meth) acryloyl group" is meant to include both of "acryloyl group" and "methacryloyl group". Examples of the light to be irradiated when the photopolymerizable compound is polymerized include ionizing radiation such as visible light and ultraviolet light, X-ray, electron beam,? -Ray,? -Ray and? -Ray.

As the photopolymerizable compound, a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerizable oligomer or a photopolymerizable polymer can be exemplified, and these can be appropriately adjusted and used. As the photopolymerizable compound, a combination of a photopolymerizable monomer and a photopolymerizable oligomer or a photopolymerizable polymer is preferable.

In the case where the functional layer 15 to be described later is formed by using a photopolymerizable compound, it is preferable to add a polymerization initiator to the intermediate layer 13 capable of initiating polymerization of the photopolymerizable compound. Thereby, the intermediate layer 13 and the functional layer 15 can be firmly bridged when the functional layer 15 is cured.

In order to adjust the refractive index of the intermediate layer 13, particles having small diameter, for example, 100 nm or less may be contained in the resin. For example, in order to lower the refractive index of the intermediate layer 13, low refractive index particles such as silica and magnesium fluoride may be contained in the intermediate layer. In order to increase the refractive index of the intermediate layer 13, metals such as titanium oxide and zirconium oxide Oxide particles may be contained in the intermediate layer.

The thickness of the intermediate layer 13 can be set so as to satisfy any one of the above-mentioned conditions (c1) to (c5) from the viewpoint of making interference fringes invisible. The average refractive index n _{2 in} the plane of the intermediate layer 13 can be set to satisfy any one of the conditions (c1) to (c5) together with one of the conditions (a) and (b) For example, from 1.40 to 1.80.

However, the intermediate layer 13 may have a birefringence in the plane. Hereinafter, the light-transmitting base material 12 having birefringence in the plane will be described.

The intermediate layer 13 having birefringence in the plane can be formed by molecules having refractive index anisotropy (for example, liquid crystal molecules) or a layer formed by orienting a compound. This intermediate layer 13 is obtained by applying a composition comprising anisotropic refractive index molecules or anisotropic compound of refractive index onto the light-transmitting substrate 12 and curing the composition. As an example, when the light-transmitting substrate 12 is made of a stretched film or the like and has a molecular orientation with regularity, the liquid crystal molecules coated on the light-transmitting substrate 12 are preferably light- Can be aligned with regularity corresponding to the molecular orientation of the substrate 12. As a result, the obtained intermediate layer 13 has in-plane birefringence corresponding to the birefringence of the light-transmitting base material 12, and the conditions (f) to (n) described above can be satisfied by the intermediate layer 13 . In order to further stabilize the orientation of the anisotropic refractive index anisotropic compound and the refractive index anisotropic compound contained in the intermediate layer 13, the intermediate layer 13 is formed by rubbing orientation or photo alignment, The refractive index anisotropic molecule or the refractive index anisotropic compound contained in the refractive index anisotropic compound may be positively oriented.

As another method, the intermediate layer 13 having in-plane birefringence can be obtained by stretching the resin layer. In general, after the conditions such as the temperature are adjusted, the layer made of the resin is stretched to have in-plane birefringence. Therefore, birefringence can be imparted to the light-transmitting base material 12 by preparing the intermediate layer 13 on the light-transmitting base material 12 before stretching and simultaneously stretching the light-transmitting base material 12 and the intermediate layer 13 And the birefringence corresponding to the birefringence of the light-transmitting base material 12 can also be imparted to the intermediate layer 13.

More specifically, first, the composition for forming the intermediate layer 13 is coated on the light-transmitting base material 12 before stretching as described above, and the composition is cured on the light-transmitting base material 12 to obtain an intermediate layer 13 Loses. As a material for forming the intermediate layer 13, a resin material exhibiting birefringence by stretching can be widely used, and it is preferable that the intermediate layer 13 has high affinity for the light-transmitting base material 12. A thermoplastic or thermosetting polyester resin, a urethane resin, an acrylic resin, a modified material thereof, and the like are exemplified as the resin material constituting the intermediate layer 13. Although the above-described various resin films can be used as the light-transmitting base material 12 to which the composition for forming the intermediate layer 13 is applied, it is preferable that the resin film is stretched at a low magnification in the machine direction during extrusion molding. The flatness of the light-transmitting base material 12 is ensured by stretching in the machine direction (the extrusion direction in the extrusion molding of the light-transmitting base material 12), so that the intermediate layer 13 Can be made uniform.

Thereafter, the laminated substrate 11 including the light-transmitting base material 12 and the intermediate layer 13 formed on the light-transmitting base material 12 is heated in the transverse direction perpendicular to the machine direction . As described above, when the stretching magnification in the transverse direction is extremely large as compared with the stretching magnification in the longitudinal direction, the stretching axis of the light transmitting base material 12 is oriented substantially in the transverse direction, and as one example, The slow axis of the light-transmitting base material 12 made of a terephthalate film is stretched in the substantially transverse direction. On the other hand, the intermediate layer 13 is stretched only in the transverse direction. Therefore, even if the intermediate layer 13 is formed of a resin material that hardly imparts birefringence to the light-transmitting base material 12, birefringence to anisotropy corresponding to the birefringence of the light-transmitting base material 12 is imparted to some extent .

According to the above method, birefringence can be imparted not only to the light-transmitting base material 12 but also to the intermediate layer 13 by stretching processing for imparting birefringence to the light-transmitting base material 12. [ In addition, since the light-transmitting base material 12 and the intermediate layer 13 are stretched in a heated state, the advantage of improving the adhesion between the light-transmitting base material 12 and the intermediate layer 13 can be enjoyed.

Each refractive index of the intermediate layer _{(13) (n 2, n} 2x, n 2y, n 2a, n 2b) ( see Fig. 4 and 5) for, as described above, each of the refractive index of the light-transmitting substrate (12) (n It has a relation to _1, n _1x, n each refractive index (n _3, n _{3x, 3y} n) of _1y) and the functional layer 15 may be properly set. As an example, when the light-transmitting base material 12 is made of a polyethylene terephthalate film and the functional layer 15 functions as a hard coating layer, the refractive index (n ₂ ) of the intermediate layer 13 can be set to 1.50 to 1.70 The refractive index n _2y of the intermediate layer 13 can be set to 1.45 to 1.65 and the refractive index n _2y of the intermediate layer 13 can be set to 1.45 to 1.65 and the refractive index n _2x of the intermediate layer 13 can be set to 1.55 to 1.75, _2a) a can be 1.55 to 1.75, the refractive index (n _2b of the intermediate layer 13) can be made 1.45 to 1.65.

<Functional layer, second functional layer>

Next, the functional layer 15 and the second functional layer 17 will be described. The functional layer 15 and the second functional layer 17 are intended to exhibit a certain function in the layered product 10. Specifically, for example, the functional layer 15 and the second functional layer 17 may have hard coating properties, antireflection properties, And a layer exhibiting functions such as antistatic property and antifouling property. As described above, the number of functional layers included in the laminate 10 can be arbitrarily set to one or more, depending on the use of the laminate. In the laminate 10 shown in Fig. 1, the functional layer 15 is formed of a hard coat layer formed on one side of the intermediate layer 13 of the laminate substrate 11. [ 2, the functional layer 15 is formed of a hard coat layer formed on one side of the intermediate layer 13 and the second functional layer 17 is formed of a hard coat layer And a low refractive index layer formed on the surface opposite to the intermediate layer 13. Hereinafter, the hard coating layer as the functional layer 15 and the low refractive index layer as the second functional layer 17 will be described.

The hard coating layer is a layer for improving the scratch resistance of an optical film, and specifically, it is a layer having a hardness of &quot; H &quot; or higher at a pencil hardness test (4.9 N load) prescribed in JIS K5600-5-4 desirable. The hard coating layer can be formed, for example, by coating a composition for a hard coating layer containing a photopolymerizable compound on the intermediate layer 13, drying the coated layer, Followed by polymerization (crosslinking). The photopolymerizable compound has at least one photopolymerizable functional group. The definition of the &quot; photopolymerizable functional group &quot; is the same as that of the column of the intermediate layer 13.

The hard coat layer obtained by this method is optically isotropic and has no in-plane birefringence. The average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the obtained hard coat layer can be set to 1.45 to 1.65. The film thickness (at the time of curing) of the hard coat layer is in the range of 0.1 to 100 탆, preferably 0.5 to 20 탆. The film thickness of the hard coat layer is a value obtained by observing a cross section with an electron microscope (SEM, TEM, STEM).

As the photopolymerizable compound, a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerizable oligomer or a photopolymerizable polymer can be exemplified, and these can be appropriately adjusted and used. As the photopolymerizable compound, a combination of a photopolymerizable monomer and a photopolymerizable oligomer or a photopolymerizable polymer is preferable.

(Photopolymerizable monomer)

The photopolymerizable monomer has a weight average molecular weight of less than 1,000. As the photopolymerizable monomer, a polyfunctional monomer having two photopolymerizable functional groups (i.e., bifunctional) or more is preferable. In the present specification, the "weight average molecular weight" is a value obtained by dissolving in a solvent such as THF and converting it into polystyrene by a conventionally known gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method.

Examples of the bifunctional or higher functional monomer include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) (Meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (Meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, tripentaerythritol octa (Meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid tri (meth) acrylate, isocyanuric acid di (meth) acrylate, polyester tri (meth) (Meth) acrylate, isobornyldi (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentadiene (meth) acrylate, diglycerin tetra (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylate, tricyclodecane di (meth) acrylate and ditrimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, and those modified with PO and EO.

Of these, from the viewpoint of obtaining an antiglare layer having a high hardness, pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETTA), and the like, which are multifunctional monomers having three or more functional groups, And dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DPPA).

(Photopolymerizable oligomer)

The photopolymerizable oligomer has a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or more and less than 10,000. The photopolymerizable oligomer is preferably a bifunctional or higher polyfunctional oligomer. Examples of the polyfunctional oligomer include polyester (meth) acrylate, urethane (meth) acrylate, polyester-urethane (meth) acrylate, polyether (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, and the like.

(Photopolymerizable polymer)

The photopolymerizable polymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more, and preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 10000 or more and 80000 or less, more preferably 10000 or more and 40000 or less. When the weight-average molecular weight exceeds 80000, the viscosity of the composition is too high, which results in deterioration of coating suitability and the appearance of the resulting optical laminate may be deteriorated. Examples of the polyfunctional polymer include urethane (meth) acrylate, isocyanurate (meth) acrylate, polyester-urethane (meth) acrylate and epoxy (meth) acrylate.

In addition to the fine particles and the photopolymerizable compound, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a solvent, and a polymerization initiator may be added to the composition for the hard coat layer, if necessary. The composition for the hard coat layer may contain conventionally known dispersants, surfactants, antistatic agents, silane coupling agents, thickeners, coloring inhibitors, antistatic agents, antistatic agents and the like in accordance with the object of suppressing hardening shrinkage, , A coloring agent (pigment, dye), a defoaming agent, a leveling agent, a flame retardant, an ultraviolet absorber, an adhesion promoter, a polymerization inhibitor, an antioxidant, a surface modifier, and a lubricant.

Particularly, from the viewpoint of satisfying one of the conditions (a) and (b) described above by adjusting the refractive index of the functional layer 15, particles having a small particle diameter, for example, 100 nm or less, It is effective to contain them in a composition for forming a film. For example, in order to lower the refractive index of the functional layer 15, low refractive index particles such as silica and magnesium fluoride may be contained in the functional layer. In order to increase the refractive index of the functional layer 15, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide Or the like may be contained in the functional layer.

The thermoplastic resin added to the composition for the hard coat layer is preferably amorphous and soluble in an organic solvent (in particular, a common solvent capable of dissolving a plurality of polymers or curable compounds). Particularly, from the viewpoints of transparency and weatherability, a styrene resin, a (meth) acrylic resin, an alicyclic olefin resin, a polyester resin, a cellulose derivative (cellulose ester, etc.) is preferable.

The thermosetting resin to be added to the composition for the hard coat layer is not particularly limited and examples thereof include phenol resin, urea resin, diallyl phthalate resin, melamine resin, guanamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, An alkyd resin, a melamine-urea co-condensation resin, a silicon resin, and a polysiloxane resin.

Next, the low refractive index layer is a layer that serves to lower the reflectance when external light (for example, fluorescent light, natural light, etc.) is reflected from the surface of the layered product 10. The refractive index of the low refractive index layer is smaller than that of the hard coating layer and is larger than that of air. Specifically, the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is preferably within the range of 1.1 to 2.0, more preferably within the range of 1.2 to 1.8, and still more preferably within the range of 1.3 to 1.6. When the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is within the above range, projection onto the laminate 10 can be effectively prevented. The refractive index of the low refractive index layer may be such that the refractive index is gradually changed toward the refractive index of the air from the inner side of the laminate 10 toward the surface side of the laminate 10 in the low refractive index layer.

The material used for the low refractive index layer is not particularly limited as long as it can form the low refractive index layer having the refractive index described above. For example, it is preferable to contain the resin material described in the composition for hard coating layer. The refractive index of the low refractive index layer can be adjusted by containing a silicon-containing copolymer, a fluorine-containing copolymer and fine particles in addition to the resin material. As the silicon-containing copolymer, for example, a silicon-containing vinylidene copolymer can be cited. Specific examples of the fluorine-containing copolymer include copolymers obtained by copolymerizing a monomer composition containing vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, for example. Examples of the fine particles include fine particles of silica fine particles, acrylic fine particles, styrene fine particles, acryl styrene copolymer fine particles, and voids. The term &quot; fine particles having voids &quot; means a structure in which a gas is filled in the fine particles and / or a porous structure containing gas is formed, and the refractive index is lowered in inverse proportion to the occupancy rate of the gas in the fine particles Means fine particles.

In this embodiment, the functional layer 15 is formed as a hard coating layer and the second functional layer 17 is configured as a low refractive index layer. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples, The anti-reflection layer, the antiglare layer, and the antifouling layer may be included in addition to at least one of the coating layer and the low refractive index layer or in place of at least one of the hard coating layer and the low refractive index layer.

The antistatic layer can be formed, for example, by containing an antistatic agent in the composition for the hard coat layer. As the antistatic agent, conventionally known antistatic agents can be used. For example, cationic antistatic agents such as quaternary ammonium salts, fine particles such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), and conductive polymers can be used. When the above antistatic agent is used, the content thereof is preferably 1 to 30% by mass based on the total mass of the total solid content.

Further, the antiglare layer can be formed, for example, by incorporating a dispersant into the composition for the hard coat layer. The antiglare agent is not particularly limited, and various known inorganic or organic fine particles may be used. The average particle diameter of the fine particles is not particularly limited, but it is generally about 0.01 to 20 占 퐉. In addition, the shape of the fine particles may be any of spherical shape, elliptical shape, and the like, preferably spherical shape.

The above-mentioned fine particles exhibit flicker resistance, and are preferably transparent fine particles. Specific examples of such fine particles include inorganic beads, for example, silica beads, and organic beads, for example, plastic beads. Specific examples of the plastic beads include, for example, styrene beads (refractive index of 1.60), melamine beads (refractive index of 1.57), acrylic beads (refractive index of 1.49), acryl-styrene beads of refractive index of 1.54, polycarbonate beads, .

The antifouling layer is a layer which is difficult to adhere to the outermost surface of the liquid crystal display device (fingerprints, water or oil, pencil, etc.), or can easily wipe off even if adhered. Further, by forming the antifouling layer, the antifouling property and the scratch resistance of the liquid crystal display device can be improved. The antifouling layer can be formed by, for example, a composition comprising a antifouling agent and a resin.

The antifouling agent is mainly intended to prevent contamination of the outermost surface of the liquid crystal display device, and it is also possible to impart scratch resistance to the liquid crystal display device. Examples of the antifouling agent include a fluorine-based compound, a silicon-based compound, and a mixed compound thereof. More specifically, a silane coupling agent having a fluoroalkyl group such as 2-perfluorooctylethyltriaminosilane, and the like can be used. Particularly, those having an amino group can be preferably used. The resin is not particularly limited, and resin materials exemplified in the composition for the hard coat layer described above can be mentioned.

The antifouling layer can be formed, for example, on the hard coat layer described above. Particularly, it is preferable to form the antifouling layer so as to be the outermost surface. The antifouling layer may be replaced, for example, by imparting antifouling performance to the hard coat layer itself.

&Lt; About laminate >

The intermediate layer 13 is provided between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12 according to the layered product 10 described above as the first embodiment. The average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12, the average refractive index n _{2 in} the plane of the intermediate layer 13, the average refractive index n _{3 in} the plane of the functional layer 15, (T) [nm] of each of the first to third layers satisfies at least one of the conditions (a) and (b) and at least one of the conditions (c1) to (c5). As a result, the light L _r1 incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 and reflected at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13, and the intermediate layer 13 and the light- (Amplitude) of the synthesized reflected light L _r formed by superimposing the reflected light L _r2 at the interface of the light sources 12 and 12 can be effectively reduced. Therefore, the interference fringes, which can be visually recognized due to the interference between the light reflected from the surface of the layered product 10 and the light reflected inside the layered product 10, can be effectively prevented.

The average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12, the average refractive index n _{2 in} the plane of the intermediate layer 13 and the average refractive index n _{3 in} the plane of the functional layer 15 satisfy the above- The optical interface is adjusted so as to satisfy either one of the conditions (a) and (b) and no optical interface whose refractive index largely changes between the light-transparent substrate 12 and the functional layer 15 is present. That is, there is no interface between the light-transmitting base material 12 and the functional layer 15, in which the reflectance increases from the one with a large refractive index difference. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the light incident into the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 from being reflected until reaching the light-transparent base 12. This makes it possible to effectively prevent interference fringes that can be visually recognized due to interference between the light reflected from the surface of the layered product 10 and the light reflected inside the layered product 10.

Further, by setting the retardation of the light-transmitting base material 12 to 3000 nm or more, it is possible to prevent the secondary unevenness from being conspicuous. Therefore, according to the laminate 10 described herein, it is possible to effectively prevent both the secondary stain and the interference fringe. Furthermore, it is suitable for viewing beyond sunglasses.

In addition, when the intermediate layer 13 is realized by the primer layer, the above-described advantageous effects can be obtained without causing substantial increase in the material cost or increase in the manufacturing process.

«Polarizer»

The laminate 10 can be used, for example, in the polarizing plate 20. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a polarizing plate 20 incorporating the laminate 10 shown in Fig. As shown in Fig. 7, the polarizing plate 20 includes a laminate 10, a polarizing element 21, and a protective film 22. As shown in Fig. The polarizing element 21 is formed on the surface of the laminated substrate 11 opposite to the surface on which the functional layer 15 is formed. The protective film 22 is provided on the surface of the polarizing element 21 opposite to the surface on which the laminated body 10 is provided. The protective film 22 may be a retardation film.

Examples of the polarizing element 21 include a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film, a polyvinyl formal film, a polyvinyl acetal film and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymerization system saponified film dyed with iodine or the like.

<< Liquid Crystal Display Panel >>

The laminate 10 and the polarizing plate 20 can be incorporated in a liquid crystal display panel. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the liquid crystal display panel 30 incorporating the laminate 10 shown in Fig. 1 and the polarizing plate 20 shown in Fig.

7 includes a protective film 31 such as a triacetylcellulose film (TAC film), a polarizing element 32, a retardation film 33, and the like, from the light source side (backlight unit side) toward the viewer side. An adhesive layer 34, a liquid crystal cell 35, an adhesive layer 36, a retardation film 37, a polarizing element 21, and a laminate 10 in this order. The liquid crystal cell 35 is formed by arranging a liquid crystal layer, an alignment layer, an electrode layer, a color filter, and the like between two glass substrates.

Examples of the retardation films 33 and 37 include a triacetyl cellulose film and a cycloolefin polymer film. The retardation film 37 may be the same as the protective film 22. As the adhesive constituting the adhesive layers 34 and 36, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) can be mentioned.

&Quot; Image display device &quot;

The laminate 10, the polarizing plate 20, and the liquid crystal display panel 30 can be incorporated in an image display apparatus. Examples of the image display device include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube display (CRT), a plasma display (PDP), a light emitting device display (ELD), a field emission display (FED), a touch panel, Paper and the like. 8 is a view showing an example of an image display device 40 incorporating the laminated body 10 shown in Fig. 1, the polarizing plate 20 shown in Fig. 6, and the liquid crystal display panel 30 shown in Fig. Fig.

The image display device 40 shown in Fig. 8 is a liquid crystal display. The image display device 30 is composed of a backlight unit 41 and a liquid crystal display panel 30 having a laminated body 10 disposed closer to the observer than the backlight unit 41. As the backlight unit 41, a known backlight unit can be used.

«Touch panel sensors and touch panel devices»

Further, the above-described laminate 10 can constitute a part of a touch panel sensor and a touch panel as applications other than the applications described above. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a touch panel sensor 50 and a touch panel device 55 in which the layered body 10 shown in Fig. 1 is incorporated.

As shown in FIG. 9, the touch panel sensor 50 has a laminate 10 and a sensor electrode 51. The sensor electrode 51 is formed on the surface of the laminated substrate 11 opposite to the surface on which the functional layer 15 is formed. The touch panel device 55 has a touch panel sensor 50 and a control device 53 electrically connected to the sensor electrode 51 of the touch panel sensor 50. [ The control device 53 is configured to detect the contact position on the basis of the current value varying in accordance with the contact position on the functional layer 15. [

The touch panel device 55 shown in Fig. 9 constitutes a surface-type capacitive touch panel as an example. Therefore, the sensor electrode 51 is formed in the shape of a plane, and the four corners of the sensor electrode 51 are connected to the control device 53. The touch panel device 55 and the touch panel sensor 50 are not limited to the example shown in Fig. 9, and may be configured as a projection type capacitance type or a resistance film type.

«Other uses»

In addition, the above-described laminate 10 can be used in various applications where the generation of interference fringes should be prevented. For example, the laminate 10 can also be used as a window material for a display portion of a device such as a watch or a meter.

&Quot; Second Embodiment &quot;

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. 10 is a view for explaining a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a diagram according to a second embodiment corresponding to Fig. 3, and is a view for explaining the waveform of light reflected in the laminate according to the second embodiment. Fig. The second embodiment differs from the above-described first embodiment in the relationship of the refractive index of each layer of the laminate and the thickness of the intermediate layer, and is otherwise configured similarly to the first embodiment . 1, 2, and 6 to 9 relating to the layer configuration are also common to the second embodiment. In each of the constitutions of the second embodiment described below, the same reference numerals as those used in the first embodiment are used, and explanations overlapping with those of the first embodiment are omitted.

«Laminate»

&Lt; Overall structure of laminate >

First, the overall structure of the layered product 10 according to the second embodiment will be described. 1, the laminate 10 according to the second embodiment includes a laminate substrate 11 and a functional layer 15 formed on one side of the laminate substrate 11, as in the first embodiment. Lt; / RTI &gt; The laminated substrate 11 has a light-transmitting base material 12 and an intermediate layer 13 laminated with a light-transmitting base material 12. The light- In the laminate 10, the intermediate layer 13 is located between the light-transparent substrate 12 and the functional layer 15. [ That is, the functional layer 15 is laminated on the laminated substrate 11 from the side of the intermediate layer 13. In the illustrated example, the intermediate layer 13 is formed on one side of the light-transmitting base material 12 in the laminated base material 11. That is, the laminate 10 is configured to include three layers of the light-transparent substrate 12, the intermediate layer 13, and the functional layer 15 in this order, and the intermediate layer 13 is composed of the light- And the functional layer 15 and forms an interface between the light-transparent substrate 12 and the functional layer 15, respectively.

Fig. 2 shows a laminate as one modified example of the laminate shown in Fig. 2 is that the second functional layer 17 is formed on the surface of the functional layer 15 on the side not facing the laminated substrate 11, Layered body. In the layered body 10 shown in Fig. 1, the functional layer 15 may be formed of a hard coat layer formed on one side of the laminated substrate 11. Fig. 2, the functional layer 15 is formed of a hard coating layer formed on one side of the laminated substrate 11 and the second functional layer 17 is formed of a hard coating layer And a low refractive index layer formed on the opposite side of the laminated substrate 11 of the substrate 11.

The layered product 10 described here satisfies at least one of the following conditions (o) and (p) and at least the following condition (q1).

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

0 &lt; t < lambda _max / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q1)

In the conditions (o) to (q1) and the following conditions (q2) to (q6), "n ₁ " is the average refractive index in the plane of the transparent base material 12, "n ₂ " an average refractive index in the plane, "n _3" is the average refractive index in the plane of the functional layer (15). In the condition (q1) and the following conditions (q2) to (q6), "λ _max " is the longest wavelength of visible light, "λ _min " is the shortest wavelength of visible light [nm] Is the thickness [nm] of the intermediate layer 13. The average refractive index in the plane is an average value of the refractive indexes in two mutually orthogonal directions extending along the sheet surface of the sheet-like layer to be the object. If the object layer is optically isotropic, the refractive index in each direction along the sheet surface of the layer becomes equal. On the other hand, if the object layer is optically anisotropic, the refractive index in each direction along the sheet surface of the layer is different.

The term &quot; sheet surface (film surface, sheet surface) &quot; refers to a direction in which the layer or member of the sheet-like form (film or plate) Points to the matching face. The sheet surface of the intermediate layer 13, the sheet surface of the functional layer 15, the sheet of the second functional layer 17, the sheet surface of the light- The sheet surface of the laminate substrate 11 and the sheet surface of the laminate 10 are parallel to each other.

(N ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ ), the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 (at the time of curing) (t (t)) in the plane of each layer, the refractive index ) Can be measured by the method described in the first embodiment.

It is possible to effectively suppress (suppress) the generation of interference fringes in the laminate 10 when at least the condition (q1) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p) can do. Here, the interference fringe to be impermeable is a portion of the light (L _{i in} FIG. 10) directed from the side of the functional layer 15 to the laminate 10 of FIG. 1 on the surface of the functional layer 15 (L _{r in} Fig. 10) reflected from the laminated base material 11, as shown in Fig. Likewise, light reflected from the surface of the second functional layer 17 or light reflected by the second functional layer 17 and the functional layer 15 (see FIG. 15) in the light directed from the second functional layer 17 toward the layered body 10 of FIG. And the interference fringes generated by the interference of the reflected light from the laminated substrate 11 are also the interference fringes to be the objects to be imaged. Here, the reflected light from the laminated base material 11 refers to the light reflected from the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 (light (L _r1 ) in Fig. 10) and the reflected light from the intermediate layer 13 and the light- (Light (L _r2 ) in Fig. 10) at the interface.

As described below, when the condition (q1) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), the laminate 10 is irradiated with light of at least a part of the wavelength region included in the visible light region, It is possible to effectively reduce the intensity of light reflected from the laminated substrate 11 and returned to the side of the functional layer 15 from the functional layer 15 side toward the laminated substrate 11 side. That is, by lowering the intensity of the light causing the interference fringes, the interference fringes due to the light in the at least a part of the wavelength region included in the visible light region can be prevented from significantly striking.

Examples of a method of making interference fringes occurring in the laminate invisible include a method of blurring the interface in the laminate by providing a mixed region, and a method of forming unevenness on the surface of the laminate. However, as described above, in the method of forming the mixed region, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the functional layer in order to secure the strength of the layered body 10. [ Therefore, when this method is employed, there arises a problem that the material cost is increased and the production cost of the layered product 10 is increased. If the method of forming the concavities and convexities on the surface of the layered body 10 is adopted, the image quality of the image observed through the layered body 10 is deteriorated. Specifically, a whitish tint occurs on the screen and the contrast is lowered, so that gloss and light of the image are lost.

On the other hand, it is not necessary to form the mixed region in the laminate 10 satisfying the condition (q1) together with one of the conditions (o) and (p) and further to increase the thickness of the functional layer . In the case where the intermediate layer 13 is formed of a primer layer such as an easy-to-adhere layer as an example of the intermediate layer 13, it is not necessary to provide an additional layer on the layered product 10 only for the purpose of countermeasures against interference streaking. There is no disadvantage. Further, it becomes possible to use a polyester base material, which is difficult to form the mixed region itself, as the light-transmitting base material 12. The light-transmitting base material 12 made of a polyester base material is excellent in cost and stability.

In addition, in the layered product 10 satisfying the condition (q1) together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), it is not necessary to cause diffusion, and the occurrence of interference fringes Can be effectively prevented. Therefore, the interference fringe can be made invisible without adversely affecting the image quality of the image observed through the laminate 10. That is, in the layered product 10 satisfying the condition (q1) together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), it is possible to prevent whitening and generation of interference fringes while imparting gloss to the image .

Here, with reference to Fig. 10, the interference fringe non-visualizing function expressed by the layered product 10 satisfying the condition (q1) together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), in other words, That is, the function of suppressing the visible interference fringes from being visually recognized, or in other words, the function of preventing the interference fringes from becoming conspicuous.

The light incident on the layered body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 is reflected by the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 and the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the intermediate layer 13, 13 and the interface of the light-transmitting base material 12, and the fixed end portion is reflected at the other interface. 10, the condition (p) in the conditions (o) and (p) is satisfied and the light incident on the laminate 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 has the function The phase is shifted by π rad by the interface between the layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 and the phase is maintained by reflecting at the free end at the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the light-

In the example shown in Fig. 10, a cross section along the normal direction (nd) of the laminate 10 is shown. 10, incident light L _i incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15, reflected light L _r1 reflected from the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13, 13) and the vibration state of the, at any moment with respect to the synthesized reflected light (L _r) synthesis of light reflected light reflected from the interface between the transparent substrate (12), (L _r2), and the reflected light (L _r1) and reflection (L _r2) is Respectively. 10, if the x-axis extends in the normal direction of the laminate 10 and the x-y coordinate is set so that the y-axis extends the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13, L _i , L _r1 , L _r2 , and L _r are expressed by the following equations (8) to (11), respectively. In the following formulas (8) to (11), "?" Is the wavelength [nm] of the light.

Y _i = sin ((x x n ₃ /?) X 2?) ... Equation (8)

Y _r1 = sin ((x x n ₃ /?) X 2?) ... Equation (9)

Y _r2 = -sin (((x x n ₃ /?) + (2t x n ₂ /?)) X 2? Equation (10)

_{Y r = -2 · sin (2t} × n 2 × π / λ) · cos (((x × n 3 / λ) + (t × n 2 / λ)) × 2π) ... Equation (11)

That is, the intensity of the synthesized reflected light L _r from the laminated substrate 11 causing interference fringes is expressed by "2 · sin (2t · n ₂ · π / λ)" indicating the amplitude of the light wave of the light do. The interference fringe becomes less noticeable as the intensity of the synthetic reflection light L _r is weak. Therefore, when the following expression (12) is obtained in which the amplitude of the synthetic reflected light L _r is less than half (less than 1) of the maximum value (2), the interference caused by the light of the wavelength? (13), in which the amplitude exceeds half of the maximum value, is satisfied, the interference fringes caused by the light of the wavelength (?) Are not striking From the point of view of being open.

t < lambda / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Equation (12)

t > / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Equation (13)

From the above, when the condition (q1) is satisfied together with the condition (p), at least a part of the light in the visible light wavelength region including the light with the longest wavelength of visible light is prevented from being viewed as interference fringes. In other words, the interference fringe can effectively be invisible with respect to at least a part of the visible light.

In addition, even when the condition (q1) is satisfied together with the condition (o) by changing to the condition (p), the interference fringes can be effectively invisible with respect to the light in the visible light wavelength region of at least a part. When the condition (o) is satisfied, the light incident on the layered body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 is reflected at the fixed end at the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the light-transmitting base material 12, [Rad], and the free layer is reflected at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 to maintain the phase. Therefore, light whose phase is delayed by? [Rad] with respect to the incident light L _i of FIG. 10 enters the laminate 10 satisfying the conditions (o) and (q1) from the side of the functional layer 15 The reflected light from the laminated substrate 11 has the same waveform as the reflected light L _r1 , L _r2 , and L _r shown in FIG. In this respect, it is understood that interference fringes can be effectively invisible with respect to at least a part of the visible light even when the condition (q1) is satisfied with the condition (o) by changing to the condition (p).

From the above, it can be seen that when the condition (q1) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p) described above, the light of at least a part of the visible light wavelength region including the light with the longest wavelength of visible light is visually recognized as the interference fringe . In other words, when the condition (q1) is satisfied together with one of the above-mentioned conditions (o) and (p), interference fringes can be effectively invisible for at least a part of the visible light. In other words, if the condition (q1) is satisfied together with one of the above-mentioned conditions (o) and (p), an interference fringe pattern non-visualizing function (function for making the interference fringes not noticeable) Can be expected.

It is also preferable that the following condition (q2) is satisfied together with one of the above-mentioned conditions (o) and (p) from the viewpoint of making the interference fringe invisible.

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

0 &lt; t < ((lambda _min + lambda _max ) / 2) / (12 x n ₂ ) Condition (q2)

When the condition (q2) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), the interference fringe-invisible function can be effectively exerted on the light in the wavelength region occupying more than half of the visible light region. In other words, if the condition (q2) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), the interference fringes caused by the light in the wavelength region of half or more of the visible light region can be effectively prevented.

It is more preferable that the following condition (q3) is satisfied together with one of the above-mentioned conditions (o) and (p) from the viewpoint of making the interference stripes invisible.

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

0 &lt; t < (? _Min / 2) / (12 x n ₂ ) Condition (q3)

When the condition (q3) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), the interference fringe non-visualizing function can be effectively exerted on the light in the entire region of the visible light region. That is, when condition (q3) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), it is possible to effectively prevent the interference fringes of all colors from being visually recognized.

According to the definition of JIS Z8120, the longest wavelength (? _Max ) of the visible light wavelength region is 830 nm and the shortest wavelength (? _Min ) of the visible light wavelength region is 360 nm.

It is also effective that the following condition (q4) or (q5) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p) described above from the viewpoint of making the interference stripes invisible.

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

0 &lt; t [nm] < 555 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q4)

0 &lt; t [nm] < 507 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q5)

The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) reports that human sensitivity to light in each wavelength region within the visible range is different. According to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), the wavelength of light that is most sensitive to humans when acclimated to a bright spot is 555 nm, and the wavelength of light that is most sensitive to humans is 507 nm when it conforms to a dark place. Therefore, when the condition (q4) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), it is possible to effectively exhibit the interference fringe non-visualization function for the light in the wavelength region, have. That is, when condition (q4) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), it is possible to effectively prevent the interference fringe from being visible in a bright place. On the other hand, when the condition (q5) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), it is possible to detect not only the light in the wavelength range, It is possible to effectively exhibit the interference fringe non-lightening function even in the light of the wavelength region which is liable to be generated. That is, when the condition (q5) is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and (p), it is possible to effectively prevent the interference fringes from being visible in both the bright place and the dark place.

In addition, when the inventors of the present invention conducted an exemplary experiment, it was found that when one of the conditions (o) and (p) described above and the following condition (q6) were satisfied, interference fringes were visually observed even after careful observation It was possible to suppress it very effectively.

n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)

n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)

3? T [nm]? 30 ... Condition (q6)

In addition to the above-described equation (12), even when the following equation (12 ') using the natural number k is satisfied, it is possible to obtain an advantage that the interference fringes caused by the light of the wavelength? It becomes a situation. Compared to the case where the expression (12 ') is satisfied, the optical path of the reflected light L _r2 can be synthesized only by lengthening (? K) / (2 x n ₂ ) [nm] No change occurs in the waveform of the reflected light L _r . Therefore, when the equation (12 ') is satisfied, the same operational effect as that in the case where the equation (12) is satisfied can be expected.

? / (12 x n ₂ ) <t- (k x?) / (2 x n ₂ ) <? / (12 x n ₂ ) Equation (12 ')

Therefore, when one of the conditions (o) and (p) is satisfied and the following condition (q1 ') is satisfied, the condition (q1) An action effect can be expected.

? _max / (12 x n ₂ ) <t- (k × λ _max ) / (2 × n ₂ ) <λ _max / (12 × n ₂ ) The condition (q1 ')

Even when the following conditions (q2 ') to (q5') are satisfied for the conditions (q2) to (q5) instead of these conditions (q2) to (q5) (q2) to (q5) are satisfied.

_{- ((λ min + λ max} ) / 2) / (12 × n 2) <t- (k × ((λ min + λ max) / 2)) / (2 × n 2) <((λ min + ? _max ) / 2) / (12 x n ₂ ) ... The condition (q2 ')

-λ _min / (12 x n ₂ ) <t- (k x? _min ) / (2 x n ₂ ) <? _min / (12 x n ₂ ) The condition (q3 ')

-555 / (12 x n ₂ ) <t- (k x 555) / (2 x n ₂ ) <555 / (12 x n ₂ ) Condition (q4 ')

-507 / (12 x n ₂ ) <t- (k x 507) / (2 x n ₂ ) <507 / (12 x n ₂ ) The condition (q5 ')

However, satisfying the conditions (q1 ') to (q5') instead of the conditions (q1) to (q5) means that the thickness t of the intermediate layer 13 is increased. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the material cost, it is preferable that the conditions q1 'to q5 are satisfied rather than the conditions q1' to q5 '.

However, as described in the section of the prior art, there is also a case where the light-transmitting base material 12 has birefringence in the surface nowadays. When the light-transmitting base material 12 has a birefringence in the plane, the refractive index in each direction in the plane along the sheet surface of the light-transmitting base material 12 changes. In order for the interference fringe non-image forming function to be exhibited more effectively, one of the conditions (o) and (p) described above is satisfied by the average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light- , One of the following conditions (r) and (s) is satisfied.

n_1y> n₂, And n₂<n₃ ... Condition (r)

n_1x<n₂, And n₂> n₃ ... Condition (s)

Here, &quot; _n1x &quot; in the condition (s) is a value of the refractive index in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction in which the greatest refractive index in the plane of the transparent base material 12 is large. On the other hand, &quot; n _1y &quot; in the condition (r) is a value of the refractive index in the fast axis direction, which is the direction with the smallest refractive index in the plane of the transparent base material 12.

When one of the conditions r and s is satisfied, not only the average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12 but also the refractive index in all directions in the plane of the light- n _arb , one of the following conditions (t) and (u) is satisfied.

n _arb > n ₂ , and n ₂ <n ₃ ... Condition (t)

n _arb < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (u)

When one of the conditions (t) and (u) is satisfied, the light of the polarization component oscillating in the slow axis direction in the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12 and the light of the polarized light component vibrating in the plane of the light- Both of the light of the oscillating polarized light component are reflected at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 under the same condition with respect to the phase shift and are reflected by the intermediate layer 13 And is reflected at the interface of the light-transmitting substrate 12. That is, when one of the conditions (t) and (u) is satisfied, the light traveling in the laminate (10) from the side of the functional layer (15) The free end is reflected at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 and at the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the interface of the light transmitting base material 12 and is reflected at the fixed end at the other interface. Therefore, when one of the conditions (t) and (u) is satisfied, the above-described interference fringe non-visualizing function can be very effectively used regardless of the polarization state.

On the other hand, if either condition (o) or condition (p) is satisfied, if both of the condition (t) and the condition (u) are not satisfied, the side of the functional layer (15) A part of the light traveling in the laminate 10 is reflected at both the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13 and the interface between the intermediate layer 13 and the transparent base 12 depending on the polarization state of the light, Free end reflections or fixed end reflections. With respect to such light, the above interference fringe non-visualization function can not be effectively achieved. However, when one of the conditions (o) and (p) is satisfied, the laminated base material 11 can be obtained from the side of the functional layer 15 even when both of the conditions (t) The interference fringe non-image forming function described above can be effectively applied to a larger amount of light traveling in the laminate 10 toward the side of the laminate 10. [ That is, when any one of the conditions (q1) to (q6) described above is satisfied together with one of the conditions (o) and the conditions (p), the light is incident on the laminate 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 The above described interference fringe pattern non-fading function is largely faded with respect to the light that has been made incident on the optical fiber.

The average refractive index n _{3 in} the plane of the functional layer 15 and the average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the transparent base material 12 are preferably set to satisfy the following conditional expression And it is most preferable that the average refractive index n _{3 in} the plane of the functional layer 15 and the average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the transparent base material 12 are equal to each other. As a result of repeated researches by the inventors of the present invention, when the following condition (v) is satisfied, the interference fringe non-visualizing function is more effectively exhibited.

| n ₁ -n ₃ |? 0.03 ... Condition (V)

<Light-transmitting substrate>

Subsequently, the light-transmitting base material 12 is not particularly limited as long as it has light transmittance, and is configured so as to satisfy the above-described conditions for the refractive index. For example, the light-transmitting substrate 12 may be the same as the light-transmitting substrate described in the first embodiment.

<Middle layer>

Next, the intermediate layer 13 will be described in detail. The intermediate layer 13 satisfies the above-described condition concerning the thickness t (nm) and the average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane thereof, (L _r1), and the intermediate layer 13 and by reducing the light intensity (amplitude) of the reflection light (L _r2) synthesized reflected light (L _r) obtained by superimposing at the interface between the light-transmitting substrate 12, the composite reflected light (L _r ) Is prevented from being visually recognized. The intermediate layer 13 is not particularly limited insofar as it satisfies the above-mentioned condition concerning the thickness t (nm) and the average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane.

That is, the thickness of the intermediate layer 13 can be set to satisfy any one of the above-mentioned conditions (q1) to (q6) from the viewpoint of making the interference fringes invisible. The thickness of the intermediate layer 13 is preferably 3 nm or more from the viewpoint of achieving uniformity of the film thickness. On the other hand, the average refractive index (n ₂₎ in the surface of the intermediate layer 13, the above-described conditions (o) and the condition (p) with the one side, can be set so as to satisfy any one of conditions (q1) to (q6), and , For example, from 1.40 to 1.80.

<Functional layer, second functional layer>

Next, the functional layer 15 and the second functional layer 17 will be described. The functional layer 15 and the second functional layer 17 are configured so as to satisfy the above-mentioned condition concerning the refractive index of the layer 10, which is intended to exhibit a certain function. Concretely, the functional layer 15 and the second functional layer 17 can be exemplified by layers exhibiting functions such as hard coating property, antireflection property, antistatic property or antifouling property. As described above, the number of functional layers included in the laminate 10 can be arbitrarily set to one or more, depending on the use of the laminate. In the laminate 10 shown in Fig. 1, the functional layer 15 is formed of a hard coat layer formed on one side of the intermediate layer 13 of the laminate substrate 11. [ 2, the functional layer 15 is formed of a hard coat layer formed on one side of the intermediate layer 13 and the second functional layer 17 is formed of a hard coat layer And a low refractive index layer formed on the surface opposite to the intermediate layer 13. The hard coating layer as the functional layer 15 and the low refractive index layer as the second functional layer 17 may be the same as those of the hard coating layer and the low refractive index layer described in the first embodiment.

As described above, the average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer 15 and the average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12 can be obtained from the viewpoint that the interference stripes non- n ₁ ) is adjusted so as to take a value close to or equal to or close to the condition (v).

| n ₁ -n ₃ |? 0.03 ... Condition (v)

In order to adjust the refractive index of the functional layer 15, particles having a small particle diameter, for example, 100 nm or less may be contained in the functional layer forming composition (composition for forming a hard coating layer). For example, in order to lower the refractive index of the functional layer 15, low refractive index particles such as silica and magnesium fluoride may be contained in the functional layer. In order to increase the refractive index of the functional layer 15, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide Or the like may be contained in the functional layer.

&Lt; About laminate >

According to the laminate 10 described above as the second embodiment, the intermediate layer 13 is provided between the functional layer 15 and the light-transmitting base material 12. [ The average refractive index n _{1 in} the plane of the light-transmitting base material 12, the average refractive index n _{2 in} the plane of the intermediate layer 13, the average refractive index n _{3 in} the plane of the functional layer 15, (T) [nm] of at least one of the first and second layers satisfies at least one of the conditions (o) and (p) described above and at least one of the conditions (q1) to (q6). As a result, the light L _r1 incident on the multilayer body 10 from the side of the functional layer 15 and reflected at the interface between the functional layer 15 and the intermediate layer 13, and the intermediate layer 13 and the light- (Amplitude) of the synthesized reflected light L _r formed by superimposing the reflected light L _r2 at the interface of the light sources 12 and 12 can be effectively reduced. Therefore, the interference fringes, which can be visually recognized due to the interference between the light reflected from the surface of the layered product 10 and the light reflected inside the layered product 10, can be effectively prevented.

Further, similarly to the first embodiment, by setting the retardation of the light-transmitting base material 12 to 3000 nm or more, it is possible to prevent the secondary unevenness from becoming conspicuous. Therefore, according to the laminate 10 described herein, it is possible to effectively prevent both the secondary stain and the interference fringe. Furthermore, it is suitable for viewing beyond sunglasses.

In addition, when the intermediate layer 13 is realized by the primer layer, substantial increase in the material cost and increase in the manufacturing process are not caused, and the above-described useful action and effect can be secured.

«Use»

6), the liquid crystal display panel 30 (see Fig. 7), the image display device 10 (see Fig. 7), the liquid crystal display panel 30 A touch panel sensor 50 (see FIG. 9), and a touch panel device 55 (see FIG. 9). Also for other uses, the laminate 10 can be used in a variety of applications where the occurrence of interference fringes should be prevented. For example, the laminate 10 can also be used as a window material for a display portion of a device such as a watch or a meter.

(Example)

In order to explain the present invention in detail, the present invention will be described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Embodiment 1]

First, the "first embodiment" according to the above-described first embodiment will be described.

&Lt; Preparation of composition for functional layer >

Each component was compounded so as to have the composition shown below to obtain a composition for a functional layer.

(Composition 1 for functional layer)

· 100 parts by mass of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku)

· 5 parts by mass of a polymerization initiator (product name: Irgacure 184, manufactured by BASF Japan)

Polyether-modified silicone (product name: TSF4460, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials): 0.025 parts by mass

Toluene: 120 parts by mass

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK): 60 parts by mass

The single refractive index of the cured coating film formed by the composition (1) for the functional layer having the above composition was measured and found to be 1.52.

(Composition 2 for the functional layer)

· 100 parts by mass of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku)

Titanium oxide fine particles (trade name: &quot; TTO51 (C), manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.): 30 parts by mass

Dispersant (trade name: Dispersive 163, manufactured by Big Chem Japan Co., Ltd.): 5 parts by mass

· 5 parts by mass of a polymerization initiator (product name: Irgacure 184, manufactured by BASF Japan)

Polyether-modified silicone (product name: TSF4460, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials): 0.025 parts by mass

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK): 220 parts by mass

The single refractive index of the cured coating film formed by the composition for the functional layer having the above composition was measured and found to be 1.75.

&Lt; Preparation of intermediate layer composition >

Each component was compounded so as to have the composition shown below to obtain an intermediate layer composition.

(Composition 1 for intermediate layer)

Water dispersion of polyester resin (solid content: 60%): 28.0 parts by mass

Water: 72.0 parts by mass

The single refractive index of the cured coating film formed by the composition for the intermediate layer of the above composition was measured and found to be 1.57.

(Composition 2 for intermediate layer)

Water dispersion of polyester resin (solid content: 60%): 20 parts by mass

Water dispersion of titanium oxide fine particles (solid content 20%): 10 parts by mass

Water: 70 parts by mass

The single refractive index of the cured coating film formed by the composition for the intermediate layer of the above composition was measured and found to be 1.70.

(Example 1)

The molten polyethylene terephthalate was melted at 290 占 폚, extruded into a sheet form through a film forming die, brought into close contact with a cooling quench drum cooled with water and cooled, and an unoriented film was produced. The unstretched film was preheated at 120 ° C for 1 minute with a biaxial stretching tester (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), and stretched at a draw ratio of 3.5 at 120 ° C. Then, the intermediate layer composition 1 was uniformly coated on both sides thereof with a roll coater Respectively. Then, continuously dried at 95 ℃ the coating film, and the stretching direction and is subjected to the draw ratio to 1.5 times stretched in the 90 ° direction, the retardation = 4800nm, film thickness _{= 80㎛, n 1x = 1.68,} n _1y = 1.62 and an average refractive index of 1.65. The film thickness of the intermediate layer was 90 nm.

Thereafter, the functional layer composition (1) was applied on the formed intermediate layer by a bar coater and dried at 70 DEG C for 1 minute to remove the solvent to form a coating film. Subsequently, the coated film was irradiated with an ultraviolet ray at an irradiation dose of 150 mJ / cm ² using an ultraviolet irradiation device (H-valve (trade name) manufactured by Fusion UV System Japan) to form a functional layer having a film thickness of 6.0 μm after drying and curing To prepare a laminate.

(Example 2)

A laminate of Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 67 nm.

(Example 3)

A laminate of Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 115 nm.

(Example 4)

A laminate of Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the intermediate layer composition 2 was used instead of the intermediate layer composition 1 and the composition for the functional layer 2 was used in place of the composition for the functional layer 1. The film thickness of the intermediate layer was 80 nm.

(Example 5)

A laminate of Example 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was changed to 62 nm.

(Example 6)

A laminate of Example 6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 105 nm.

(Comparative Example 1)

A laminate of Comparative Example 1 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 30 nm.

(Comparative Example 2)

A laminate of Comparative Example 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 140 nm.

(Comparative Example 3)

A laminate of Comparative Example 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 30 nm.

(Comparative Example 4)

A laminate of Comparative Example 4 was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 140 nm.

(Evaluation of interference stripes)

The presence or absence of interference streaks was evaluated by the following criteria. The sample was painted with black ink on the opposite side of the application surface, and a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp was irradiated on the application surface, and evaluation was made by reflection observation. Table 1 shows the evaluation results in which the evaluation criteria are set as follows.

A: We observed carefully but could not acknowledge the occurrence of interference streaks.

B: Carefully observed, very thin interference fringes were observed that did not present a problem in practical use.

C: Interference stripes are clearly observed.

[Embodiment 2]

Next, the "second embodiment" according to the second embodiment described above will be described.

&Lt; Preparation of composition for functional layer >

Each component was compounded so as to have the composition shown below to obtain a composition for a functional layer.

(Composition 3 for the functional layer)

Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA) (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku): 35 parts by mass

Hard coating composition containing zirconia fine particles (product name: Desorite Z7404, manufactured by JSR Corporation): 110 parts by mass

· 5 parts by mass of a polymerization initiator (product name: Irgacure 184, manufactured by BASF Japan)

Polyether-modified silicone (product name: TSF4460, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials): 0.025 parts by mass

Toluene: 100 parts by mass

Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK): 40 parts by mass

The single refractive index of the cured coating film formed by the composition (3) for the functional layer having the above composition was measured and found to be 1.65.

&Lt; Preparation of intermediate layer composition >

Each component was compounded so as to have the composition shown below to obtain an intermediate layer composition.

(Composition 3 for Intermediate Layer)

Water dispersion of polyester resin (solid content: 60%): 28.0 parts by mass

Water: 72.0 parts by mass

The single refractive index of the cured coating film formed by the composition for the intermediate layer 3 of the above composition was measured and found to be 1.57.

(Composition 4 for intermediate layer)

Water dispersion of polyester resin (solid content: 60%): 20 parts by mass

Water dispersion of titanium oxide fine particles (solid content 20%): 10 parts by mass

Water: 70 parts by mass

The single refractive index of the cured coating film formed by the composition for the intermediate layer 4 of the above composition was measured and found to be 1.70.

(Example 7)

The molten polyethylene terephthalate was melted at 290 占 폚, extruded into a sheet form through a film forming die, brought into close contact with a cooling quench drum cooled with water and cooled, and an unoriented film was produced. The unoriented film was preheated at 120 ° C for 1 minute by a biaxial stretching tester (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.), and then stretched at a draw ratio of 3.5 at 120 ° C. Then, the intermediate layer composition 3 was uniformly spread Respectively. Then, continuously dried at 95 ℃ the coating film, and the stretching direction and is subjected to the draw ratio to 1.5 times stretched in the 90 ° direction, the retardation = 4800nm, film thickness _{= 80㎛, n 1x = 1.68,} n _1y = 1.62 and an average refractive index of 1.65. The thickness of the intermediate layer was 20 nm.

Subsequently, on the intermediate layer thus formed, the composition for a functional layer (3) was applied by a bar coater, dried at 70 캜 for 1 minute, and the solvent was removed to form a coating film. Subsequently, the coated film was irradiated with an ultraviolet ray at an irradiation dose of 150 mJ / cm ² using an ultraviolet irradiation device (H-valve (trade name) manufactured by Fusion UV System Japan) to form a functional layer having a film thickness of 6.0 μm after drying and curing To prepare a laminate.

(Example 8)

A laminate of Example 8 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 30 nm.

(Example 9)

A laminate of Example 9 was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 40 nm.

(Example 10)

A laminate of Example 10 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the intermediate layer composition 4 was used instead of the intermediate layer composition 3. The film thickness of the intermediate layer was 18 nm.

(Example 11)

A laminate of Example 11 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 30 nm.

(Example 12)

A laminate of Example 12 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 35 nm.

(Comparative Example 5)

A laminate of Comparative Example 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was changed to 70 nm.

(Comparative Example 6)

A laminate of Comparative Example 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the thickness of the intermediate layer was 70 nm.

(Evaluation of interference stripes)

The presence or absence of interference streaks was evaluated by the following criteria. The sample was painted with black ink on the opposite side of the application surface, and a three-wavelength fluorescent lamp was irradiated on the application surface, and evaluation was made by reflection observation. Table 2 shows the evaluation results in which the evaluation criteria are set as follows.

A: We observed carefully but could not acknowledge the occurrence of interference streaks.

B: Carefully observed, very thin interference fringes were observed that did not present a problem in practical use.

C: Interference stripes are clearly observed.

Claims (28)

A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)
n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)
Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)
Surface of the intermediate layer thickness (t) [nm], for visible light the shortest wavelength (λ _min) [nm] and visible light up to a wavelength (λ _max) medium wavelength (λ _ave) [nm], and the intermediate layer of a [nm] of the (N ₂ )
λ _ave / (6 × n ₂ ) <t <λ _ave / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c1)
The condition (c1) is satisfied,
The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,
(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer in the direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light- _Wherein a refractive index ( _n3x ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-
n _1x <n _2x <n _3x ... Condition (f)
n _1x > n _2x > n _3x ... Condition (g)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (f) and (g)
(N _1y ) in a direction of a fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light- ( _N3y ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the substrate,
n _1y <n _2y <n _3y ... Condition (h)
_{n 1y> n 2y> n 3y} ... Condition (i)
Satisfies any one of conditions (h) and (i)
The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,
(N _2x ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate and a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
n _2x > n _2y
Is satisfied,
The light transmission refractive index of the in the slow axis direction of the substrate (n _1x), refractive index in the fast axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate (n _1y), wherein in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate The refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer and the refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2x -n 2y)
Of the laminate. A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)
n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)
Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)
The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )
110 / n _2? T? 170 / n ₂ ... Condition (c2)
The condition (c2)
The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,
(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer in the direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light- _Wherein a refractive index ( _n3x ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-
n _1x <n _2x <n _3x ... Condition (f)
n _1x > n _2x > n _3x ... Condition (g)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (f) and (g)
(N _1y ) in a direction of a fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light- ( _N3y ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the substrate,
n _1y <n _2y <n _3y ... Condition (h)
_{n 1y> n 2y> n 3y} ... Condition (i)
Satisfies any one of conditions (h) and (i)
The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,
(N _2x ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate and a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
n _2x > n _2y
Is satisfied,
The light transmission refractive index of the in the slow axis direction of the substrate (n _1x), refractive index in the fast axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate (n _1y), wherein in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate The refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer and the refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2x -n 2y)
Of the laminate. A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)
n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)
Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)
The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )
555 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <555 / (3 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (c3)
The condition (c3)
The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,
(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer in the direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light- _Wherein a refractive index ( _n3x ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-
n _1x <n _2x <n _3x ... Condition (f)
n _1x > n _2x > n _3x ... Condition (g)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (f) and (g)
(N _1y ) in a direction of a fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light- ( _N3y ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the substrate,
n _1y <n _2y <n _3y ... Condition (h)
_{n 1y> n 2y> n 3y} ... Condition (i)
Satisfies any one of conditions (h) and (i)
The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,
(N _2x ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate and a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
n _2x > n _2y
Is satisfied,
The light transmission refractive index of the in the slow axis direction of the substrate (n _1x), refractive index in the fast axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate (n _1y), wherein in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate The refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer and the refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2x -n 2y)
Of the laminate. A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ < n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (a)
n ₁ > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (b)
Satisfies any one of the conditions (a) and (b)
The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )
507 / (6 x n ₂ ) <t <507 / (3 × n ₂ ) ... Condition (c4)
(C4) which satisfies the condition
The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,
(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer in the direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light- _Wherein a refractive index ( _n3x ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-
n _1x <n _2x <n _3x ... Condition (f)
n _1x > n _2x > n _3x ... Condition (g)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (f) and (g)
(N _1y ) in a direction of a fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light- ( _N3y ) of the functional layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the substrate,
n _1y <n _2y <n _3y ... Condition (h)
_{n 1y> n 2y> n 3y} ... Condition (i)
Satisfies any one of conditions (h) and (i)
The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,
(N _2x ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate and a refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
n _2x > n _2y
Is satisfied,
The light transmission refractive index of the in the slow axis direction of the substrate (n _1x), refractive index in the fast axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate (n _1y), wherein in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate The refractive index (n _2x ) of the intermediate layer and the refractive index (n _2y ) of the intermediate layer in a direction parallel to the fast axis direction of the light-
_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2x -n 2y)
Of the laminate. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,
(N _1x ) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _1y ) in the direction of the fast axis perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light- (N ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₃ ) in the plane of the functional layer satisfy the following relationship:
n _1x <n ₂ <n ₃ ... Condition (d)
n _1y > n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (e)
(D) and (e), respectively. delete delete delete 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,
When the laminate is observed in the normal direction, the angle of the angle formed by the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting base material and the slow axis direction of the intermediate layer, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the intermediate layer, Lt; / RTI &gt; 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,
Wherein the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate is parallel to the slow axis direction of the intermediate layer in the direction in which the refractive index of the intermediate layer is the greatest. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The intermediate layer has a birefringence in a plane,
_Wherein a refractive index (n _1x ) in the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, a refractive index (n _1y ) in the fast axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate, and a refractive index (N _2a ) in the slow axis direction and a refractive index (n _2b ) in the fast axis direction of the intermediate layer, which is orthogonal to the slow axis direction of the intermediate layer,
_{(n 1x -n 1y)> (} n 2a -n 2b)
Of the laminate. A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)
n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)
(T) [nm] of the intermediate layer, the longest wavelength (? _Max ) [nm] of visible light and the average refractive index (n ₂ )
0 &lt; t < lambda _max / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q1)
Satisfies the condition (q1). A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)
n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)
The average refractive index (n ₂₎ in the surface of the intermediate layer thickness (t) [nm], the shortest wavelength of visible light (λ _min) [nm], for visible light up to a wavelength (λ _max) [nm], and the intermediate layer of,
0 &lt; t < ((lambda _min + lambda _max ) / 2) / (12 x n ₂ ) Condition (q2)
Satisfies the following condition (q2). A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)
n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)
(T) [nm] of the intermediate layer, the shortest wavelength (? _Min ) [nm] of the visible light and the average refractive index (n ₂ )
0 &lt; t < lambda _min / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q3)
Satisfies the condition (q3). A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)
n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)
The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )
0 &lt; t < 555 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q4)
Satisfies the following condition (q4). A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)
n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)
The thickness t (nm) of the intermediate layer and the average refractive index (n ₂ )
0 &lt; t < 507 / (12 x n ₂ ) ... Condition (q5)
Satisfies the condition (q5). A light-
An intermediate layer laminated on the light-transmitting substrate adjacent to the light-transmitting substrate,
And an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer, wherein the functional layer
And,
Wherein an average refractive index (n ₁ ) in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate, an average refractive index (n ₂ ) in the plane of the intermediate layer, and an average refractive index (n ₃ )
n ₁ > n ₂ , and n ₂ < n ₃ ... Condition (o)
n ₁ < n ₂ , and n ₂ > n ₃ ... Condition (p)
Satisfying any one of the conditions (o) and (p)
Wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is not less than 3 nm and not more than 30 nm. 18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17,
The light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,
(N) in the direction of the slow axis, which is the direction with the greatest refractive index in the plane of the light-transmitting substrate,_1x), A refractive index n in the fast axis direction perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the light-transmitting substrate_1y), The average refractive index (n₂) And the average refractive index (n₃)this,
n_1y> n₂, And n₂<n₃ ... Condition (r)
n_1x<n₂, And n₂> n₃ ... Condition (s)
Satisfies any one of the conditions (r) and (s). 18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12 to 17,
Wherein the light-transmitting base material has birefringence in a plane,
Wherein the retardation of the light-transmitting substrate is 3000 nm or more. 20. The method of claim 19,
Wherein the light-transmitting substrate is a polyester substrate. 18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12 to 17,
Wherein the functional layer is a hard coating layer. 18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12 to 17,
And a second functional layer provided on the opposite side of the intermediate layer side of the functional layer. 23. The method of claim 22,
And the second functional layer is a low refractive index layer having a refractive index lower than that of the functional layer. A polarizing element,
The laminated body according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12 to 17
. A liquid crystal display panel comprising the laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12 to 17. An image display apparatus comprising the laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12 to 17. A laminated body according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 12 to 17,
The sensor electrode bonded to the laminate
And a touch panel sensor. A touch panel device comprising the touch panel sensor according to claim 27.

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