KR101898954B1 - Insecticide Composition Containing Essential oil as Active Ingredients - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition comprising plant essential oil as an active ingredient, and more particularly, to an insecticidal composition comprising plant essential oil having an insecticidal and insecticidal insecticidal resistance as an active ingredient.
The insecticidal composition according to the present invention can be applied to various plants such as bitter orange, sweet orange, cypress, celery seed, thyme red, marjoram, howood, From the group consisting of myrtle, black pepper, lavender, yarrow, wild fir needle, lemon eucalyptus and armoise. It contains at least one essential oil of the selected plant as an active ingredient.
The pesticide composition according to the present invention is environmentally friendly as a natural product, exhibits insecticidal power against both insecticide resistance and susceptible insect pests, but has no effect on useful insects, so it can be used in an environmentally friendly agricultural product production site.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an insecticide composition containing Essential oil as an active ingredient,

The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition comprising plant essential oil as an active ingredient, and more particularly, to an insecticidal composition comprising plant essential oil having an insecticidal and insecticidal insecticidal resistance as an active ingredient.

One of the world's largest host pests is aphids, of which the peach aphid and cotton aphid are known to be important economic pests in fruit and vegetable numbers (Mowry, TM, J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 1332-1339, 2001; Funderburk J et al., University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Electronic Data Information Source, ENY 658., 2014). In particular, peach aphid nymphs and adults have a great influence on the production of crops by mediating more than 100 plant viruses (Kennedy JS et al., The Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 114 pp, 1962; Namba R, Sylvester ES , Journal of Economic Entomology 74: 546-551 (1981)).

Although insecticides such as pyrethroids, carbamates, and organophosphates are effective in controlling these aphids, they are resistant to almost all synthetic pesticides due to the rapid development and development of aphids. In addition, resistance to spinosad and indoxacarb, recently developed, has also been developed (Bass et al., Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol, 51, 41-51, 2014).

As a breakthrough to solve this realistic problem, interest in the development of plant-derived insecticides has increased significantly, and natural extracts such as nymphea, pyrethrum and deeris have been used in the production of eco-friendly agricultural products.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2016-0107727 discloses a composition for simultaneous sterilization and insecticidal control comprising a plant extract, which comprises 100 to 120 parts by weight of a dermis extract as an active ingredient, 100 parts by weight of an eucalyptus extract, No. 2012-0072093 discloses a cotton aphid control or insecticidal composition comprising 15 to 25 parts by weight of essential oils, 1 to 3 parts by weight of pyrethrin, 15 to 25 parts by weight of tisaponin and 3 to 8 parts by weight of a surfactant. However, most of the plant-derived extracts are not free from problems such as securing large amounts of raw materials and toxicity, and thus they are limited to commercialization.

Nevertheless, plant essential oils still have very good potential to be used as insecticides. In particular, it has the advantage of utilizing biocidal properties due to high volatility in a hermetic environment such as a greenhouse or a semi-hermetic environment such as a domestic environment, and is characterized by being biodegradable by air, light and moisture and not being left in the environment for a long time .

As a result, the inventors of the present invention have found that plant essential oils having no known insecticidal activity to date have been found to solve the above problems, and they have shown insecticidal activity against insecticide resistance and susceptible insect pests, And the present invention was completed.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal composition derived from a natural product having excellent insecticidal activity without causing soil pollution and chemical damage to plants due to residual toxicity, a pest control agent containing the same, and a pest control method.

In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a method for producing a starch composition comprising bitter orange, sweet orange, cypress, celery seed, thyme red, marjoram, (such as howood, myrtle, black pepper, lavender, yarrow, wild fir needle, lemon eucalyptus and armoise) Wherein the insecticidal composition comprises at least one essential oil of plant selected from the group consisting of as an active ingredient.

In the present invention, the insecticidal composition is characterized by having a pesticidal activity against aphids.

In the present invention, the aphid is a cotton aphid or a peach aphid.

In the present invention, the aphid is a pesticide resistance system.

The present invention also provides a pest control agent comprising the pesticide composition as an active ingredient.

The present invention also provides a pest control method characterized by treating the pesticide composition to control the pest.

The pesticide composition according to the present invention is environmentally friendly as a natural product, exhibits insecticidal power against both insecticide resistance and susceptible insect pests, but has no effect on useful insects, so it can be used in an environmentally friendly agricultural product production site.

In the present invention, it has been confirmed that certain essential oils derived from plants exhibit excellent insecticidal activity against resistant insects as well as susceptible insects, but do not exhibit insecticidal activity against pollen-borne insects which are useful insects.

In the present invention, the insecticidal power of important insect pests of fruit and vegetables was evaluated by using plant essential oil, and the toxicity of pollen-borne insects was evaluated for safer use.

In addition, the insecticidal activity of pesticides resistant to insecticide resistance was evaluated using essential oils having insecticidal activity.

That is, in one embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal activity of 88 kinds of plant essential oils against cotton aphid and peach aphid was confirmed. As a result, it has been found that bitter orange, sweet orange, cypress, celery seed, thyme red, marjoram, howood, myrtle, black pepper, lavender, yarrow, wild fir needle, lemon eucalyptus and armoise have insecticidal effects against aphids And it was confirmed that it was excellent.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the insecticidal activity was also evaluated for useful insects (bees and insects) of plant essential oils having the insecticidal activity. As a result, it was confirmed that cypress, thyme red, marjoram, and the like did not exert toxicity on useful insects (bees and insects).

Accordingly, the present invention relates in one aspect to a method of making a composition comprising a bitter orange, a sweet orange, a cypress, a celery seed, a thyme red, a marjoram, a hawood consisting of a mushroom, howood, myrtle, black pepper, lavender, yarrow, wild fir needle, lemon eucalyptus and armoise. The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition comprising at least one essential oil of a plant selected from the group consisting of plant extracts as an active ingredient.

In the present invention, the pesticide composition is characterized by having an insecticidal activity against agricultural pests. Examples of the agricultural insect pests include, but are not limited to, aphids such as cotton aphids, peach aphids, and the like.

In addition, the pesticide composition according to the present invention is characterized not only in susceptibility but also insecticidal activity against agricultural insect pests which are resistant to insecticides.

In the present invention, the plant essential oil can be extracted by immersing, boiling, distilling, or steam distillation extraction, supercritical extraction or microwave extraction, and the plant can be extracted from the plant itself or an organic solvent such as ethanol or water, ≪ / RTI > and concentration, but is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, the insecticide composition may be used alone, but is not limited thereto, and may further include a suitable diluent or excipient depending on the formulation and / or purpose of the composition. The excipient may be a conventional material according to the formulation, and when formulated, a filler, an extender, a wetting agent, a disintegrant, a surfactant, or the like may be used. Representative diluents or excipients include water, potassium oleate, potassium bicarbonate, phenethyl benzoate, phenethyl propionate, dextrin, lactose, Propylene glycol, Tween 80, oleic acid, sorbic acid liquid paraffin, physiological saline, and the like. For example, for formulation in the form of an emulsion, the active ingredient may be dissolved in a solvent such as ethanol or glycerol, followed by addition of a suitable surfactant and emulsification with a minimum amount of water.

In the present invention, the mixing amount of the active ingredient of the plant essential oil contained in the insecticidal composition may be suitably determined according to the purpose of use (insecticide, inhibition of eating, avoidance, etc.). Generally, the composition of the present invention may be added in an amount of not more than 60% by weight, preferably not more than 30% by weight based on the raw material, when preparing the insecticide. However, when used as a preventive concept for the purpose of crop protection or insect avoidance, it may be less than the above range, and depending on the use environment (eg, orchard, greenhouse), the active ingredient may be used in an amount exceeding the above range have.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a pest control agent comprising the pesticide composition and a pest control method characterized by treating the pesticide composition to treat the pest.

The pest controlling agent may be one which is formulated in a suitable form according to the purpose and use of the pest. For example, it may be a granule, a powder, a liquid, an aerosol, a spray, an extract, a paste, a fluid, A fogging agent, a fuming agent, a fumigant, and the like, which can appropriately control the volatility of the pesticide composition, and can be used as an emulsion, a fumigant, a fumigant, an aerosol agent Or a liquid agent is most preferable.

The pest control method may be applicable to a method of directly spraying or applying the pest control composition on crops and / or soil in a facility site, or fumigation disinfection. Particularly when fumigation or smoke is used, it is suitable to use the amount of about 30 to 120 mg per unit area (m 2) and about 50 to 120 mg per unit space (m 3) based on the amount of active ingredient. However, the use amount thereof is not limited to the above range since it is applied differently depending on the growing condition and size of the crop. The insecticidal crop according to the present invention is not particularly limited and includes at least one species selected from the group consisting of Chinese cabbage, lettuce, pepper, cucumber, bean, chicory, tomato, eggplant, pumpkin, paprika, melon and melon .

[Example]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and that the scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by these embodiments.

Experimental Example 1: Material preparation and method

(1) essential oils and compounds

A total of 59 plant essential oils were purchased from Berje (Bloomfield, NJ, USA) and 29 species essential oils were purchased from Jinhae Perfume Company (Anyang, Gyeonggi Province) (Table 1 and 2) The insecticidal activity of the insecticides was assayed. The pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin (purity 98.0%) and the organophosphorus insecticide dichlorvos (purity 98.9%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, WI, USA). Triton X-100 was purchased from Kosil (Seoul).

Essential oil Source plant Essential oil Source plant Almond, sweet ^a Prunus dulcis (Mill.) in Webb Citronella, Java ^a Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt Amyris ^a Amyris balsamifera L. Clove bud ^a Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry Angelica root ^a Angelica archangelica L. Clove leaf ^a Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry Aniseed ^a Pimpinella anisum L. Coriander seed ^a Coriandrum sativum L. Armoise ^a Artemesia vulgaris L. Cypress ^a Cupressus sempervirens L. Basil ^a Ocimum basilicum L. Davana ^a Artemisia pallens Wall.exDC. Bay leaf ^b Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) JWMoore Dillweed ^a Anethum graveolens L. Bergamot ^b Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright &
Arn. Eucalyptus ^a Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Buchu leaf ^a Agothosma betulina (PJBergius) Pillans Eualyptus, lemon ^b Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) KD Hill & LASJohnson Cade ^b Juniperus oxycedrus L. Fir needle ^b Abies alba Mill. Calamus ^a Acorus There is calamus . angustatus Besser Frankincense ^b Boswellia carteri Birdw. Cananga ^a Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson Galbanum ^a Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. and Buhse Caraway seed ^a Carum carvi L. Geranium ^a Pelargonium graveolens L'Her. Carrot seed ^a Daucus carota L. Ginger root ^b Zinger officinale Roscoe Cascarilla bark ^a Croton eluteria (L.) W. Wright Grapefruit ^b Citrus x paradisi Macfad. Cedarleaf ^a Thuja occidentalis L. Guaiac wood ^a Bulnesia sarmienti Lor. Cedarwood, Chinese ^a Cupressus funebris Endl. Helichrysum ^a Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Donfil. Cedarwood, Texas ^a Juniperus ashei J. Buchholz Howood ^a Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl. Cedarwood, Virginia ^a Juniperus virginiana L. Hyssop ^a Hyssopus officinalis L. Celery seed ^a Apium graveolens L. Juniper berry ^b Juniperus communis L. Chamomile, Roman ^b Anthemis nobilis (L.) All. Lavandin ^a Lavendula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel Cinnamon bark ^a Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Lavender, true ^b Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

^a Essential Oils purchased from Berje (Bloomfield, NJ).

^b Essential oils were purchased from Jin-Ah Aromatics (Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea).

Essential oil Source plant Essential oil Source plant Lemon 10
Fold ^b Citrus limonum (L.) Blum. f. Peppermint ^a Mentha piperita L. Lemongrass ^b Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)
Stapf. Pimento berry ^a Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. Lime Dis 5
Fold ^b Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Pine needle ^a Pinus sylvestris L. Litsea cubeba ^a Litsea Cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Rosemary ^a Rosmarinus officinalis L. Mace ^a Myrisica frangrans Houtt. Rosewood ^a Mandarin ^b Citrus reticulata Blanco Sage, clary ^b Salvia sclerea L. Marjoram ^a Origanum marjorana L. Sage, common ^b Salvia officinalis L. Melissa ^a Melissa offcinalis L. Sandalwood ^b Santalum albumn L. Myrrh ^a Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. Sassafras ^a Sassafras albumin (Nutt.)
Nees Myrtle ^b Myrtus communis L. Savory, summer ^a Satureja hortensis L. Neroli ^a I have Citrus aurantium . amara L. Spearmint ^a Mentha spicata L. Niaouli ^a Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. ex Gaertn. Tagetesb Tagetes minuta L. Nutmeg ^b Myristica fragrans Houtt. Tarragon ^a Artemisia dracunculus L. Orange,
bitter ^b I have Citrus aurantium . amara L. Tea tree ^a Melaleuca alternifolia
(Maiden & Betche) Cheel Orange,
sweet ^b Citrus x sinensis (L.)
Osbeck Thyme, red ^a Thymus vulgaris L. Origanum ^a Origanum vulgare L. Thyme, white ^a Thymus vulgaris L. Palmarosa ^b Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.)
Wats. Valerian ^a Valeriana fauriei Briq. Parsley herb ^a Petroselinum sativum Hoffman Vetiver, Haiti ^b Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash Parsley seed ^a Petroselinum sativum Hoffman Wintergreen ^a Gaultheria procumbens L. Patchouly ^b Pogostemon cablin (Blanco)
Benth. Wormwood ^b Artemisia absinthium L. Pennylroyal ^a Mentha pulegium L. Yarrow ^a Achillea millefolium L. Pepper, black ^b Piper nigrum L. Ylang Ylang ^b Cananga odorata there is.
genuina (Lam.) Hook.f. &
Thomson

^a Essential Oils purchased from Berje (Bloomfield, NJ).

^b Essential oils were purchased from Jin-Ah Aromatics (Anyang, Gyeonggi, South Korea).

(2) Experimental insects

Insecticide susceptible peach aphid [ Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] Systematic and insecticidal susceptibility The Aphis gossypii Grover strain was housed in the field without pesticide application. The outdoor colonies were collected from Suwon, Gyeonggi - do. These aphids were grown in an acrylic cage (50 x 45 x 60 cm) from Chinese cabbage campestris subsp. napus ) or cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L., 'Baegdadagi') under the conditions of 25 ± 1 ℃, relative humidity of 50 ~ 60%, and 16: 8 (female). In order to equalize the developmental stages of peach aphid for bioassay, adults were inoculated into Chinese cabbage and allowed to lay eggs for 24 hours. Host plants inoculated with aphids were left in the same conditions as experimental insect rearing conditions.

(3) Vapor-phase mortality bioassay

The fumigant toxicity of 88 insecticide susceptible peach lycopene aphids in plant essential oils was evaluated by gas phase bioassay. (Whatman no.) Placed on the bottom of a polyvinyl chloride container (624 ml). After placing untreated Chinese cabbage or cucumber leaf slices (4.5 cm in diameter) in 2 leaves (Whatman, Maidstone, UK) (5.5 cm in diameter), 20 testis aphids were inoculated with a brush, I covered the part with gauze. According to the results of the preliminary test, 20 μl of ethanol was dissolved in an amount of 0.15 mg / cm ³ (eg, when 50 mg was dissolved) of Whatman no. 2 < / RTI > paper (diameter 4.25 cm). After drying in a hood for 2 minutes, the respective treatment papers were placed on the gauze so that the compound and the adult were not in contact with each other. Each vessel was capped and sealed with Parafilm M (Bemis, Neenah, Wis., USA) to avoid volatilization. Dichlorvos was used as a positive control, and the negative control was treated with 20 μl ethanol only.

Adult-treated and untreated control (ethanol-Triton X-100) adults were allowed to stand for 24 hours under conditions of 25 ± 1 ° C., relative humidity of 50 to 60%, and 16: 8 (female). When I touched the adult body or appendix with thin wooden chopsticks, I considered it dead if there was no movement. When the biological test was not carried out on the same day, the experiment including the untreated control was carried out. Results were expressed as mean ± mean error. In addition, 50% lethal concentration (LC ₅₀ ) was obtained for the essential oil having a mortality rate of 80% or more.

(4) Insecticide Mechanism Test

20-32 seeds of Chinese cabbage or cucumber leaf slices (diameter 5 cm) were treated with the test compounds according to the method mentioned in the above (3). Dichlorvos was used as a positive control, and the negative control was treated with 20 μl ethanol only. The insecticidal rate was investigated according to the method mentioned in the following (5). After dissolving in a quantity of 20 쨉 l of ethanol, the treatment was carried out as in the above (3), and the respective treatments were placed on the gauzes so that the compound and the test larva did not come into contact with each other. One container was covered with a lid and then sealed with Parafilm M to prevent volatilization (this method was used to prevent contact between the experimental insect and the experimental drug and to prevent volatile components from leaking out of the container) Side container was taken out of the center of the lid and covered with a mesh in an open container method so that the volatile component leaked out of the container. Dichlorvos was used as a positive control, and a negative control was treated with only 20 μl of acetone. The insecticidal rate was investigated according to the method mentioned in the above (3). Results were expressed as mean ± mean error.

(5) Analysis of data

When the insecticidal rate was observed in the control, the corrected insecticidal rate was calculated using the Abbott equation. The half-life lethal concentration (LC ₅₀ ) was calculated using the Probit analysis (SAS Institute, 2004) and was considered significant if these values did not overlap in the 95% confidence interval. Strong toxicity when the insecticidal rate of the essential oil is> 80%, moderate toxicity when the insecticidal rate is 80 to 61%, weak toxicity when the insecticidal rate is 60 to 41% toxicity), and when the insecticidal rate was 40% or less, it was judged as ineffective. Selecting a non-toxic (Selective toxicity ratio, STR) was calculated by the peach aphid adults ignored LC ₅₀ / cotton aphid ignored Adults LC _50.

Experimental Example 2: Insecticidal activity of plant essential oil

(1) Insecticidal effect of plant essential oil on peach aphid adult

Since the plant essential oil shows gaseous insecticidal power due to high vapor pressure, the insecticidal activity of 88 kinds of essential oil is examined in the room using the gaseous insect bioassay method, and the results of 27 kinds of effective insecticidal activity are shown in Table 3.

Essential oil ^a Mortality,% (± SE) Essential oil ^a Mortality,% (± SE) Orange, bitter 100 Rosewood 59 ± 4.9 Orange, sweet 100 Eucalyptus 56 ± 5.0 Cypress 97 ± 3.4 Oregano 51 ± 6.7 Celery seed 96 ± 2.3 Cascarilla bark 50 ± 4.4 Thyme, red 94 ± 5.8 Coriander 49 ± 5.3 Marjoram 90 ± 6.1 Grapefruit 48 ± 2.0 Howood 89 ± 5.3 Sage, clary 48 ± 1.3 Myrtle 82 ± 5.0 Niaouli 45 ± 4.9 Pepper, black 81 ± 3.9 Almond, sweet 44 ± 6.2 Lavender 68 ± 0.7 Cananga 43 ± 5.5 Yarrow 64 ± 5.7 Lavandin 43 ± 4.5 Fir needle, wild 61 ± 5.0 Angelica root 42 ± 5.6 Eucalyptus, lemon 61 ± 3.7 Neroli 41 ± 1.5 Armoise 61 ± 0.9

^a Essential oils exerting ≥40% mortality are presented. The other 61 essential oils exhibited <40% mortality.

When from Table 3, the process at the concentration of essential oil 0.115㎎ / ㎝ ³ and 24 hours exposure, bitter orange, sweet orange, cypress, celery seed, thime red, marjoram, howood, gaseous salchungryeok (81 strong in myrtle and black pepper essential oils ~ 100% mortality rate). The medium grade germicidal insecticide (61 ~ 68% mortality rate) was observed in the five essential oils, and the weak gaseous insecticidal power (41 ~ 59% mortality rate) in the 13 essential oils. The rest of the 67 essential oils showed little or no toxicity (<40% mortality) and the control mortality was below 2%.

(2) Insecticidal effects of 9 selected essential oils on aphids

The results are shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, 9 kinds of essential oils showing strong insecticidal potency were selected and the half-life mortality (LC ₅₀ ) was examined by insecticide susceptible peach aphid and cotton aphid Respectively.

Essential oil ^a Peach aphid Cotton aphid Slope ± SE LC ₅₀ , mg / cm &lt; ³ &gt; 95% CL ^b Slope ± SE LC ₅₀ , mg / cm &lt; ³ &gt; 95% CL ^b Orange bitter 2.9 ± 0.34 0.0212 0.0184 ~
0.0248 2.2 ± 0.38 0.0192 0.0130 ~
0.0247 Marjoram 2.6 ± 0.25 0.0239 0.0197 ~
0.0282 2.3 ± 0.38 0.0209 0.0149 ~
0.0266 Celery seed 3.1 ± 0.32 0.0430 0.0372 ~
0.0490 4.2 ± 0.57 0.0542 0.0466 ~
0.0619 Cypress 3.1 ± 0.37 0.0508 0.0448 ~
0.0572 3.9 ± 0.55 0.0499 0.0425 ~
0.0575 Thyme, red 5.0 ± 0.55 0.0646 0.0598 ~
0.0702 3.9 ± 0.55 0.0548 0.0469 ~
0.0629 Pepper black 3.8 ± 0.39 0.0647 0.0579 ~
0.0723 4.5 ± 0.64 0.0606 0.0530 ~
0.0686 Howood 3.1 ± 0.38 0.0661 0.0578 ~
0.0769 4.5 ± 0.63 0.0630 0.0552 ~
0.0715 Myrtle 4.5 ± 0.68 0.0705 0.0645 ~
0.0766 4.3 ± 0.60 0.0555 0.0480 ~
0.0631 Orange sweet 3.5 ± 0.71 0.0840 0.0745 ~
0.0939 5.2 ± 0.92 0.0791 0.0704 ~
0.0891 Dichlorvos 3.3 ± 0.43 0.0019 0.0017 ~
0.0021 2.1 ± 0.37  0.00035 0.00023 ~
0.00048

^a Essential oils exerting> 80% mortality at 0.115 mg / cm ³ are selected.

^b CL is the confidence limit.

From Table 4, Bitter orange essential oil showed the highest insecticidal power (LC ₅₀ , 0.0212 mg / cm ³ ), followed by marjoram essential oil (LC ₅₀ , 0.0239 mg / cm ³ ). Bitter orange and marjoram essential oils showed 3.2 times and 3.5 times lower toxicity than dichloralbose (LC ₅₀ , 0.0019 mg / cm ³ ), respectively. Celery seed essential oil (LC ₅₀ , 0.0430 mg / cm ³ ) and cypress essential oil (LC ₅₀ , 0.0508 mg / cm ³ ) showed moderate insecticidal power. Black pepper, howood, myrtle, sweet orange and thyme red essential oils showed weak insecticidal activity (LC ₅₀ , 0.0646 to 0.0840 mg / cm ³ ).

In addition, nine kinds were of the essential oil bitter orange essential oil that showed the highest salchungryeok _{(LC 50, 0.0192 mg / cm} 3) for cotton aphid, and then to show that the marjoram essential oil _{(LC 50, 0.0209 mg / cm} 3) High salchungryeok . Bitter orange and marjoram essential oils showed antimicrobial activities 55 times and 60 times lower than the control drug, dichlorobos (LC ₅₀ , 0.00035 mg / cm ³ ), respectively. The LC ₅₀ of Cypress, celery seed, thyme red, myrtle, black pepper and howood essential oils ranged from 0.0499 to 0.0630, and the sweet orange essential oil showed the lowest insecticidal power.

(3) Selection of 6 kinds of representative essential oils for pesticides on the aphid

In order to investigate the insecticidal mechanisms of susceptible aphid insects of selected six essential oils, the insecticidal action was evaluated after 24 hours of exposure in the open and closed system, and the results are shown in Table 5.

Essential oil Mortality (%) (± SE) Peach aphid Cotton aphid Enclosure Open system Enclosure Open system Celery seed 100 7 ± 1.6 100 7 ± 1.6 Howood 81 ± 1.8  0 92 ± 1.6 5 ± 1.3 Marjoram 99 ± 1.3 3 ± 1.3 100 5 ± 1.1 Myrtle 85 ± 1.6 2 ± 1.1 89 ± 1.6 3 ± 0.9 Orange, bitter 100 2 ± 1.1 100 2 ± 1.1 Pepper, black 87 ± 4.5 5 ± 0.7 100 5 ± 1.2

From Table 5, the Celery seed essential oil exhibited a killing rate of 100% in the closed system, but a killing rate of 7% in the open system. Howood, marjoram, myrtle, sweet orange and black pepper essential oils were similar to celery seed essential oils. These results indicate that the insecticidal activity of the essential oils is mainly due to fumigation rather than contact.

(4) Insecticide resistance against aphid resistant insect aphids of 9 selected essential oils

The germicidal insecticidal activity against the insecticide-resistant peach lycopene adults collected in the outdoors of selected nine essential oils was carried out in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2 (2), and the results are shown in Table 6.

Essential oil Slope ± SE LC ₅₀ , mg / cm &lt; ³ &gt; 95% CL ^a Orange bitter 2.7 ± 0.31 0.0233 0.01790.0259 Marjoram 2.8 ± 0.34 0.0242 0.01890.0276 Celery seed 3.0 ± 0.30 0.0390 0.03820.0509 Cypress 3.3 ± 0.33 0.0497 0.04540.0542 Thyme, red 5.2 ± 0.60 0.0663 0.06090.0714 Pepper black 3.5 ± 0.41 0.0631 0.05880.0695 Howood 3.0 ± 0.35 0.0611 0.05660.0765 Myrtle 4.3 ± 0.63 0.0689 0.06340.0759 Orange sweet 3.8 ± 0.68 0.0815 0.07550.0923

^a CL = confidence limit.

From Table 6, it is interesting to note that fumigant toxicity similar to that of susceptible peach lycopene aphid can be found in pesticide-resistant peach aphid in outdoor pavement.

Experimental Example 3: Insecticidal activity of plant essential oil-containing formulations

(1) Materials and methods

The essential oils for the preparation of the experimental formulations were selected from three essential oils: bitter orange, marjoram and cypress. Polyoxyethylene + polyoxypropylene (9: 1) styrenated phenyl ether was used as a surfactant. The test subjects used peach aphid and cotton aphid.

(2) Formulation preparation

Spray formulations containing four concentrations of bitter orange, marjoram and cypress essential oils were formulated to the compositions of Table 7 to select effective formulations. Each spraying agent (50 ml) was mixed with essential oils (5, 10, 20 and 30 g / l), surfactant (polyoxyethylene + polyoxypropylene (9: 1) styrenated phenyl ether), ethanol and distilled water in a 60 ml polyethylene terephthalate Were used for the experiments.

Spray formulation ^a % content Essential oils Surfactant ^b Ethanol DW ^c EO-5 ^a 0.5 2 5 92.5 EO-10 ^a One 2 5 92 EO-20 ^a 2 2 5 91 EO-30 ^a 3 2 5 90

^a Bitter orange, marjoram and cypress essential oil 5, 10, 20, and 30 g / L.

^b Polyoxyethylene + polyoxypropylene (9: 1) styrenated phenyl ether.

^c Distilled water.

(3) Bioanalysis and analysis of results

The effects of four concentrations of sprays (0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5%) on peach aphid and cotton aphid neglect were assessed by spraying. Cucumber leaves were placed on the bottom of an acrylic cage (1 × 1 × 1 m), and each experimental formulation was sprayed twice in succession over 10 cm of cucumber leaves. Treated cucumber leaves were dried for 5 minutes, and 40 aphids were inoculated into each cucumber leaf. Dinotefuran 10% and lambda-cyhalothrin 1% emulsions were used as a positive control for the aphid control. The negative control was ethanol, polyoxyethylene + polyoxypropylene (9: 1) styrenated phenyl ether solution and distilled water. The insecticidal rate was investigated according to the method mentioned in Experimental Example 1. Experiments were performed in 3 replicates and the results were expressed as mean ± mean error.

In the results analysis, the mortality rate (%) was converted to arcsine square root value for analysis of variance, and the significance of the formulation toxicity was analyzed by the Bonferroni multiple-comparison method.

(4) Insecticidal power of formulations

The effects of four concentrations of bitter orange essential oil and the comparative drugs dinotefuran 10% wetting agent and lambda-cyhalothrin 1% emulsion on peach aphid mite were evaluated by spraying method and the results are shown in Table 8.

Spray treatment Bitter orange Majoram Cypress Myzus  persicae Aphis gossypii Myzus  persicae Aphis gossypii Myzus  persicae Aphis gossypii BO-EO-5 ^a 34 ± 2.4 ^c 41 ± 1.7 ^c 30 ± 3.4 ^c 36 ± 2.6 ^c 31 ± 2.4 ^c 35 ± 1.7 ^c SO-EO-10 ^a 72 ± 4.8 ^b 76 ± 3.2 ^b 76 ± 3.7 ^b 79 ± 1.7 ^b 73 ± 2.9 ^b 77 ± 4.9 ^b BO-EO-20 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a BO-EO-30 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a Dinotefuran 10% WP ^b 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a lambda-Cyhalothrin 1% EC ^c 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a 100 ^a

Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at P = 0.05 (Bonferroni method).

^a Bitter orange essential oil 5, 10, 20 and 30 g / l.

^b Wettable powder.

^c Emulsifiable concentrate.

From Table 8, the treatment effect of Bitter orange essential oil spray type 20g / ℓ showed 100% control effect, but at 10 and 5g / ℓ treatment effect 72% and 34%, respectively. All two insecticides showed 100% control effect. In the case of four experimental species for cotton aphid mite adults, 100% control effect was obtained at 20 g / ℓ of bitter orange, but 76% and 41% at 10 and 5 g / ℓ treatment, respectively. The Marjoram essential oil spray form showed 100% control effect at 20 g / ℓ treatment, but 76% and 30% at 10 and 5 g / ℓ treatment, respectively.

In the case of the four experimental formulations of cotton aphid mite adults, 100% control effect was observed at 20 g / ℓ treatment similar to peach aphid, but the effects were 79% and 36% at 10 and 5 g / ℓ treatments, respectively It looked. In addition, 100% control effect was obtained at 20g / ℓ of Cypress essential oil spray, but it was 73% and 31% at 10 and 5g / ℓ treatment, respectively. In the case of four experimental formulations for cotton aphid mite adults (Table 8), 100% control effect was observed at 20 g / ℓ treatment but 77% and 35% at 10 and 5 g / ℓ treatments, respectively. Dinotefuran 10% wadding agent and lambda-cyhalothrin 1% emulsion showed 100% control effect.

Experimental Example 4: Toxicity of plant essential oils to pollen-borne insects (useful insects)

(1) Materials and methods

Three potted plants of rape seedlings were placed in an acrylic cage (1 × 1 × 1m), 10 kinds of experimental oil 5% spraying agent were sprayed 2 ~ 3 times at 10 ㎝ height and seeds were dried for 5 minutes. Control group was ethanol, polyoxyethylene + polyoxypropylene (9: 1) styrenated phenyl ether solution and distilled water. The insecticidal rate was examined 48 hours after inoculation with bees and insects. The experiment was carried out in three replicates. As a food source, 10% honey was supplied.

(2) Toxicity to pollen-borne insects

Experimental spray containing 10 kinds of essential oil The acute toxicity of 48 hours to bees and bees of 5% were evaluated by spraying method and the results are shown in Table 9.

Essential oil Honey bee Bumble bee Cinnamon bark 1 ± 1.7 0 ± 0 Garlic 5 ± 2.9 1 ± 1.7 Origanum 1 ± 1.7 0 ± 0 Cypress 3 ± 1.7 0 ± 0 Vetiver haiti 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 Thyme red 0 ± 0 1 ± 1.7 Majoram 0 ± 0 3 ± 1.7 Davana 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 Clove bud 1 ± 1.7 1 ± 1.7 Clove leaf 0 ± 0 0 ± 0 Control 0 ± 0 1 ± 1.7

From Table 9 it can be seen that the 5% plant essential oil-containing preparations are not toxic by 48-hour foliar residual exposure to pollen-borne insects such as bees and bees. This is a result of showing the high availability of these plant essential oils as an environmentally friendly control agent.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such specific embodiments are merely preferred embodiments and that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto will be. Accordingly, the actual scope of the present invention will be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

Wherein the composition contains at least one essential oil of plant selected from the group consisting of sweet orange and fir needle as an active ingredient.
delete 2. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the aphid is a cotton aphid or a peach aphid.
delete An agent for controlling aphidosis comprising the ginseng aphid composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as an active ingredient.
A method of controlling aphids, comprising treating the aphid composition of claim 1 or 3 to control aphids.