KR101794707B1 - apparatus and method for measuring organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5 - Google Patents

apparatus and method for measuring organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5 Download PDF

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KR101794707B1
KR101794707B1 KR1020150061925A KR20150061925A KR101794707B1 KR 101794707 B1 KR101794707 B1 KR 101794707B1 KR 1020150061925 A KR1020150061925 A KR 1020150061925A KR 20150061925 A KR20150061925 A KR 20150061925A KR 101794707 B1 KR101794707 B1 KR 101794707B1
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filter
transmittance
carbon
oven
laser
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이상일
정진상
김현호
이재용
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한국표준과학연구원
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/061—Sources
    • G01N2201/06113—Coherent sources; lasers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
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    • G01N2201/1211—Correction signals for temperature

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Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust, And more particularly, to an apparatus and method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust. The present invention relates to an oven for generating methane by heating a filter in which ultrafine dust is trapped, A carbon calculator for measuring an amount of methane produced in the oven and calculating an amount of carbon contained in the measured methane; A light receiving unit for receiving the reflected light reflected by the filter and the transmitted light transmitted through the filter, and outputting the light amount of the reflected light and the transmitted light; A transmittance calculating unit for outputting the reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, in contrast to the amount of light irradiated by the laser light source, on the amount of the reflected and transmitted light provided by the light receiving unit; Calculating the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust by using the amount of carbon contained in the methane provided by the carbon calculation unit and the reflectivity and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser provided by the permeability calculation unit And an organic carbon calculating unit. Here, the apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in the ultrafine dust may further include a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature inside the oven, and the permeability calculating unit may calculate the permeability of the filter using the temperature Temperature information of the oven provided by the sensor can be further utilized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dusts,

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dusts, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dusts, And an apparatus and a method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust that improve the accuracy of measurement of organic carbon and elemental carbon.

The present invention relates to a technique for measuring total carbon, organic carbon and elemental carbon contained in ultrafine dust by a thermo-optical method.

Ultrafine dust is dust with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less. It consists mainly of carbon or ion components, though there are some mineral components. Ultrafine dust is not filtered through the nasal mucosa, and it penetrates directly into the alveoli at the time of inhalation to increase asthma, lung disease, headache and atopy.

In addition, it is necessary to study the concentration and composition of ultrafine dust in the air in order to implement the ultrafine dust prediction grade. Particularly, prior literature on the organic element carbon measuring apparatus included in ultrafine dust includes Judith C. Chow , et al., "The drift / optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in US air quality studies", Atmospheric environment vol. 27A No. 8, pp. 1185-1201, 1993.

The method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust according to the prior art methanizes ultrafine dust collected in a quartz filter and measures the amount of methane generated at that time to determine the amount of organic carbon contained in the ultrafine dust, . At this time, the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon can be distinguished by using the transmittance and reflectivity of the laser. In order to measure the amount of organic carbon and elemental carbon organic carbon, the laser is irradiated to the quartz filter while the methanation process is performed, and the temporal change of the reflectance and the transmittance and the temporal change of the generated methane are respectively recorded. Calculating the amount of methane produced up to the point where the initial permeability and the reflectivity are not exceeded from the recorded results, the amount of organic carbon contained in the ultrafine dust is measured and the amount of methane generated after the point in time is calculated The amount of elemental carbon contained in the fine dust is measured.

In the method for measuring organic element carbon as described above, the organic carbon is first reduced to methane rather than the element carbon existing in the quartz filter, and the reflectance and the transmittance of the filter are increased with respect to the laser only when the element carbon is reduced in the quartz filter. will be.

However, the method of measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust according to the prior art does not take into consideration the influence of the temperature change occurring in the methanation process on the reflectivity and the transmittance of the laser, There arises a problem that an error occurs in the amount of organic carbon and element carbon measured.

Judith C. Chow, et al., "The drift / optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in U.S. air quality studies", Atmospheric environment vol. 27A No. 8, pp. 1185-1201, 1993

Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust, which improves the accuracy of elemental carbon measurement by correcting the reflectance and transmittance of a filter for laser used for elemental carbon measurement according to temperature .

Other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following description of the embodiments.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust, comprising: an oven for generating methane by heating an ultrafine dust trapped in the filter; A carbon calculator for measuring an amount of methane produced in the oven and calculating an amount of carbon contained in the measured methane; A light receiving unit for receiving the reflected light reflected by the filter and the transmitted light transmitted through the filter, and outputting the light amount of the reflected light and the transmitted light; A transmittance calculating unit for outputting the reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser based on the amounts of the reflected light and transmitted light provided by the light receiving unit; Calculating the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust by using the amount of carbon contained in the methane provided by the carbon calculation unit and the reflectivity and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser provided by the permeability calculation unit And an organic carbon calculating unit.

Here, the apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in the ultrafine dust may further include a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature inside the oven, and the permeability calculating unit may calculate the permeability of the filter using the temperature Temperature information of the oven provided by the sensor can be further utilized.

Also, the equation for the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser using the temperature inside the oven is

Figure 112015042602486-pat00001
Lt; / RTI > here

{

Figure 112015042602486-pat00002
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00003
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00004
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00005
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00006
: Regression constant value,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00007
} to be.

Also, the equation for the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser using the temperature inside the oven is

Figure 112015042602486-pat00008
Lt; / RTI > here,

{

Figure 112015042602486-pat00009
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00010
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00011
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00012
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00013
: Regression constant value,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00014
}to be.

In addition, the laser light source may include a constant temperature system.

In addition, the oven may include an adiabatic system in a direction in which the laser light source is located.

Further, the filter may be a quartz filter.

In addition, the laser light source can irradiate a laser having a wavelength of 630 to 640 nm.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust using an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust, comprising the steps of: a) Placing the filtered filter inside the oven; b) irradiating the filter with a laser having a predetermined wavelength; c) calculating the reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser based on the reflected light reflected by the filter and the light amounts of the transmitted light transmitted through the filter; d) heating the filter using an oven to produce methane from the ultrafine dust collected in the filter; e) measuring the methane produced in the oven and calculating the amount of carbon contained in the measured methane, and repeating steps b) to e) until the production of methane is terminated .

After completion of the methane production, f) analyzing the temporal change of the reflectance and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser to determine when the calculation of the organic carbon is completed; g) calculating the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven and the amount of carbon contained in methane generated in the oven after the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon before the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon; Providing an amount of organic carbon and an amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust; As shown in FIG.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust using an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust, comprising the steps of: a) Placing the filtered filter inside the oven; b) irradiating the filter with a laser having a predetermined wavelength; c) calculating the reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser based on the reflected light reflected by the filter and the light amounts of the transmitted light transmitted through the filter; d) generating temperature information within the oven; e) heating the filter using an oven and producing methane from the ultrafine dust collected in the filter; f) measuring the methane produced in the oven and calculating the amount of carbon contained in the measured methane, and repeating steps b) to f) until the production of methane is terminated. have.

G) In the process of reducing the temperature of the oven from the high temperature to the room temperature, the change of the permeability of the filter to the laser is measured, and a regression function for the expectation of the reflectance and the transmittance according to the temperature change is generated ; h) correcting the temporal change of the reflectivity and the transmittance by using the temperature information in the oven, and analyzing the corrected reflectivity and the transmittance to determine when the calculation of the organic carbon is completed; i) calculating the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven and the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven after the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon before the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon; Providing an amount of organic carbon and an amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust;

 As shown in FIG.

In addition, the equation for correcting the reflectivity and the transmittance in the step h)

Figure 112015042602486-pat00015
Lt; / RTI > here,

{

Figure 112015042602486-pat00016
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00017
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00018
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00019
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00020
: Regression constant value,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00021
} to be

In addition, the equation for correcting the reflectivity and the transmittance in the step h)

Figure 112015042602486-pat00022
Lt; / RTI > here,

{

Figure 112015042602486-pat00023
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00024
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00025
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00026
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00027
: Regression constant value,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00028
} to be.

As described above, the organic element carbon measurement device included in the ultrafine dust improved the accuracy of the measurement of the organic carbon and the element carbon by correcting the reflectance and the transmittance of the filter for the laser used for the element carbon measurement according to the temperature And methods.

1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the amount of carbon, the reflectance and the transmittance of carbon contained in methane when the apparatus for measuring organic carbon contained in ultrafine dust according to an embodiment of the present invention is operated.
3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the experimental result and a regression analysis showing the change in the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser according to the temperature.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the amount of carbon, the reflectance, and the permeability of methane contained in the ultrafine dust when the apparatus for measuring organic carbon contained in the ultra fine dust according to the present invention is operated.
6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to another embodiment of the present invention.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments, but includes all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

It is to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected or connected to the other element, .

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries are to be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the contextual meaning of the related art and are to be interpreted as either ideal or overly formal in the sense of the present application Do not.

First, terms used in the following will be defined.

Organic carbon means carbon constituting an organic compound obtained from a product, an emission product, a fermentation product, or the like in all natural plant and animal systems except inorganic carbon compounds such as minerals, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, hydrogen cyanide and its salts and carbon disulfide .

Elemental carbon is an extended aromatic ring of carbon atoms, meaning a substance that is black and absorbs all visible light. As for the characteristics of elemental carbon, it does not dissolve even at a high temperature exceeding 2000 degrees Celsius, and it is chemically inactive at ordinary temperature.

The organic element carbon means the sum of organic carbon and element carbon, which means total carbon.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As a result of a study to develop a device for measuring organic carbon, elemental carbon and total carbon contained in ultrafine dust by a thermo-optical method, the present applicant has found that the reflectance and transmittance of a laser used for elemental carbon measurement And that the accuracy of the elemental carbon measurement can be improved by correcting the reflectivity and the transmittance of the laser according to the temperature change.

1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1, an apparatus for measuring organic carbon contained in ultrafine dust includes an oven 100, a filter 110, a carbon calculating unit 120, a laser light source 200, a light receiving unit 210, a transmittance calculating unit 220 ) And an organic carbon calculating unit 220. [

In the oven 100, a filter 110 in which ultrafine dust is trapped is positioned, and the filter 110 can be heated to generate methane. The oven 100 may comprise an oxidation oven and a methanization oven. In addition, the oxidation oven (temperature control range 25-900 ° C) is a front oven which can be heated in helium mode (100% helium in the oven) and oxygen mode (2% oxygen, 98% helium) It may be filled with manganese dioxide and then constituted by an oven.

The superfine dust inside the oven 100 can be volatilized or oxidized as the temperature rises from the oxygen mode and the helium mode in the entire oven of the oxidation oven. The volatilized or oxidized ultrafine dust may then be filled with manganese dioxide and then oxidized into carbon dioxide in the oven and introduced into the methanization oven. The incoming carbon dioxide can be reduced to methane.

The filter 110 is used as a sample in the oven 100 by collecting ultrafine dust, and may preferably be a quartz filter.

The carbon calculation unit 120 may measure the amount of methane produced in the oven 100 and calculate the amount of carbon contained in the measured methane. The carbon can be measured by detecting methane with a flame ionization detector (FID). The detailed description of the FID related technology is deemed that the gist of the present invention may be blurred, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The amount of total carbon measured by the carbon calculating unit 120 is the sum of the amount of the organic carbon and the amount of the organic carbon contained in the ultrafine dust, and may be the amount of the organic element carbon defined above.

The laser light source can irradiate the filter 110 with a laser having a predetermined wavelength. Unlike the organic carbon, the elemental carbon included in the ultrafine dust can absorb the laser light (635 nm) in the visible light region, and therefore the laser light source 200 can preferably irradiate the laser having the wavelength of 630 to 640 nm. do. Unlike the organic carbon, the elemental carbon absorbs laser light (635 nm) in the visible light region, irradiates the filter 110 in which the ultrafine dust is captured, and measures the transmittance and reflectance of the filter for the laser The amount of elemental carbon can be measured. The laser light source 200 is provided with a constant temperature system to prevent a characteristic change of the irradiated laser due to a temperature change generated by heating the oven 100. As the constant temperature system, a cooling fan, a heat sink, and a heat pipe can be used.

The light receiving unit receives the reflected light reflected by the filter 110 and the transmitted light transmitted through the filter 110, and outputs the light amount of the reflected light and the transmitted light. The light receiving unit 210 may be provided with a photodetector that receives the semi-light and the transmitted light and converts the light into an electrical signal.

The transmittance calculating unit can calculate the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser from the light quantity of the reflected light and the transmitted light provided by the light receiving unit 210. [ It is sufficient that the absolute value of the transmittance and the reflectivity is not required but the transmittance and the change with time of the reflectivity can be known so that the intensity of the laser beam 200 irradiated by the laser light source 200, The amount of reflected light and the amount of transmitted light can be used as the transmittance and the reflectance. Here, the transmittance calculating unit may be implemented by a computer having a module capable of receiving data calculated by the light receiving unit 210.

The organic carbon calculator calculates the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust by using the amount of carbon contained in the methane provided by the carbon calculation unit and the reflectivity and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser provided by the permeability calculation unit . When the amount of carbon contained in the methane provided by the carbon calculation unit and the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser provided by the permeability calculation unit are provided to the organic carbon unit (time, amount of carbon at the time point, Reflectivity and transmittance), it is preferable to provide the carbon calculation unit and the measurement point of time of the transmittance calculation unit together.

The organic carbon calculating unit may be implemented by a computer having a module capable of receiving data calculated by the carbon calculating unit 120 and data calculated by the permeability calculating unit.

The permeability calculation unit and the organic carbon calculation unit may be implemented by a computer using both a computer that includes both the data calculated by the light receiving unit 210 and the data calculated by the carbon calculation unit 120 Can be integrated.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the amount of carbon, the reflectance and the transmittance of carbon contained in methane when the apparatus for measuring organic carbon contained in ultrafine dust according to an embodiment of the present invention is operated. Hereinafter, the principle of operation of the organic carbon calculator will be described with reference to FIG.

First, the transmission and reflection graphs are described.

Initially measured

Figure 112015042602486-pat00029
Means the initial transmittance and reflectivity of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust from the beginning. When the temperature of the entire oven is raised by starting the measurement of the organic element carbon and the filter 110 is heated, the organic carbon contained in the ultrafine dust is changed to elemental carbon due to pyrolysis. As a result, the amount of elemental carbon that absorbs the laser increases in the filter 110, so that the transmittance and the reflectivity can be reduced to be smaller than the initial value. Then, when oxygen is supplied in the oxygen mode of the entire oven, the elemental carbon is oxidized and the amount of elemental carbon in the filter 110 is reduced. From this time, the permeability and reflectivity can be increased.

In the process of decreasing and increasing the transmittance and reflectivity after the oven operation, when the permeability and reflectivity after the oven operation becomes equal to the initial transmittance and reflectivity (=

Figure 112015042602486-pat00030
) May be the time when the organic carbon contained in the ultrafine dust is converted from the oven 100 to methane. That the permeability and reflectivity after the oven operation are equal to the initial permeability and reflectivity means that the amount of elemental carbon remaining in the filter 110 is such that the organic carbon contained in the ultrafine dust is converted into elemental carbon And the filter 110 may be returned with the amount of elemental carbon originally contained in the ultrafine dust. The oven 100 may include an adiabatic system in a direction in which the laser light source 200 is positioned so that heat is not transferred to the laser light source when the oven 100 is heated. The adiabatic system may be composed of a vacuum chamber or a heat insulating material.

After oven operation

Figure 112015042602486-pat00031
All of the methane converted to the starting point may be methane converted directly from the organic carbon or may be converted back to methane after the organic carbon has been converted to the elemental carbon and the amount of carbon contained in the methane to this point is initially adjusted to the organic carbon Or in the form of.

Further, when the oven 100 is continuously operated, the time point at which the transmittance and the reflectivity are not changed (=

Figure 112015042602486-pat00032
There may be no more methane in the oven 100 after that point.

Next, the graph of the amount of carbon contained in methane will be described along with the graph of permeability and reflectance.

When the transmittance and reflectivity are not changed (=

Figure 112015042602486-pat00033
), The amount of carbon measured from the methane produced in the oven 100 by the carbon calculating unit 120 becomes the amount of the organic element carbon, and after the oven operation
Figure 112015042602486-pat00034
The amount of carbon measured from the methane produced in the oven 100 by the carbon calculation unit 120 may be the amount of organic carbon. As previously defined, the amount of elemental carbon can be determined by subtracting the amount of organic carbon from the amount of organic elemental carbon.

3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to another embodiment of the present invention. 3, the apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust includes an oven 100, a filter 110, a carbon calculating unit 120, a laser light source 200, a light receiving unit 210, a transmittance calculating unit 220 ), An organic carbon calculating unit 220, and a temperature sensor 130.

The oven 100, the filter 110, the carbon calculating unit 120, the laser light source 200, the light receiving unit 210, and the transmittance calculating unit 220 of FIG. 3 correspond to the oven 100, the filter 110 The carbon calculation unit 120, the laser light source 200, the light receiving unit 210, and the transmittance calculation unit 220. That is, the oven 100, the filter 110, the carbon calculating unit 120, the laser light source 200, the light receiving unit 210, and the transmittance calculating unit 220 of the present embodiment are the same as those described with reference to FIG. The difference from the description with reference to FIG. 1 is that, in this embodiment, the temperature sensor 130 is added as a component, and the organic carbon calculator 220 may be provided with the information output from the temperature sensor 130 .

The temperature sensor can measure the temperature inside the oven 100 and can be selected from a method using a general diode, a method using a thermocouple pair, a method using a temperature responsive element such as a stirrer, and a method using a temperature sensing TR or IC. ≪ / RTI >

The organic carbon calculator calculates the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust by using the amount of carbon contained in the methane provided by the carbon calculation unit and the reflectivity and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser provided by the permeability calculation unit The temperature information of the oven 100 provided by the temperature sensor 130 can be further utilized. The amount of carbon contained in the methane provided by the carbon calculation unit, the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser provided by the permeability calculation unit, and the temperature inside the oven 100 provided by the temperature sensor 130, A permeability calculation unit and a temperature sensor 130 (to be described later) so as to be integrated in the form of (time, amount of carbon at the time point, reflectivity and transmittance of the filter at the time point, ) Are also provided together.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the experimental result and a regression analysis showing the change in the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser according to the temperature. Referring to FIG. 4, the permeability of the filter to the laser may be changed as shown in the graph when the temperature of the oven 100 is reduced from a high temperature (eg, 900 ° C.) to a room temperature after the measurement of the organic element carbon. Since the organic element carbon contained in the ultrafine dust collected in the filter 110 has been volatilized during the organic element carbon measurement process, the amount of elemental carbon in the filter 110 may not be changed during the measurement. Therefore, the experimental result of FIG. 4 may show the change of the permeability generated only by the change of the temperature in the state where the elemental carbon existing in the filter 110 is not changed.

In order to correct the reflectance and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser calculated from the light amount of the reflected light and the transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit 210 by applying the experimental result of FIG. 4, A regression function may be needed.

Regression function for reflectance and transmittance estimates as temperature changes

Figure 112015042602486-pat00035
Can be given as a linear or quadratic equation as follows.

Figure 112015042602486-pat00036
or
Figure 112015042602486-pat00037

here,

Figure 112015042602486-pat00038
Is the temperature of the oven 100,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00039
or
Figure 112015042602486-pat00040
Is the regression constant values obtained when the second or first order regression analysis is performed based on the experimental results showing the change in the transmittance of the filter to the laser.

Referring to FIG. 4 again, a = -0.0003, b = 0.1072, and c = 2689.3 when the second regression analysis was performed from the actual experimental results. When the first regression analysis was performed, a = -0.10063, b = 2.705.32989.

The rate of change of reflectivity and transmittance to temperature

Figure 112015042602486-pat00041
The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of the reflected light and the transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit 210 regardless of the temperature,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00042
The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter for the laser, which is corrected using the temperature inside the oven,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00043
Can be given as follows.

Figure 112015042602486-pat00044

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the amount of carbon, the reflectance, and the permeability of methane contained in the ultrafine dust when the apparatus for measuring organic carbon contained in the ultra fine dust according to the present invention is operated. Comparing FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, it can be seen that a corrected reflectivity and transmittance graph is added in FIG.

Referring to FIG. 5, the corrected reflectivity and transmittance graph is shown in

Figure 112015042602486-pat00045
And the graphs of reflectivity and transmittance are the same as those of the above-
Figure 112015042602486-pat00046
May be shown as a function of time.

In the corrected reflectivity and transmittance graphs, the corrected transmittance and reflectivity after the oven operation becomes equal to the initial transmittance and reflectivity (=

Figure 112015042602486-pat00047
)this
Figure 112015042602486-pat00048
≪ / RTI > Accordingly, the section where the organic carbon contained in the ultrafine dust is converted into methane from the oven 100 is changed from the beginning to the time when the corrected transmittance and reflectance after the oven operation become equal to the initial transmittance and reflectivity (=
Figure 112015042602486-pat00049
), So that the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust finally provided can be corrected.

6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, a method for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust using an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: a) ; b) irradiating the filter with a laser having a predetermined wavelength; c) calculating the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, based on the reflected light reflected by the filter, the transmitted light transmitted through the filter, and the light quantities of the laser; d) heating the filter using an oven to produce methane from the ultrafine dust collected in the filter; e) measuring the methane produced in the oven and calculating the amount of carbon contained in the measured methane, and repeating steps b) to e) until the production of methane is terminated .

Next, if it is determined that the generation of methane is terminated, f) a step of analyzing the temporal change of the reflectance and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser to determine when the calculation of organic carbon is completed; g) calculating the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven and the amount of carbon contained in methane generated in the oven after the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon before the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon; Providing an amount of organic carbon and an amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust; As shown in FIG.

7 is a flowchart illustrating a method for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7, a method for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust using an apparatus for measuring organic element carbon included in ultrafine dust according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: a) ; b) irradiating the filter with a laser having a predetermined wavelength; c) calculating the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, based on the reflected light reflected by the filter, the transmitted light transmitted through the filter, and the light quantities of the laser; d) generating temperature information within the oven; e) heating the filter using an oven and producing methane from the ultrafine dust collected in the filter; f) measuring the methane produced in the oven and calculating the amount of carbon contained in the measured methane, and repeating steps b) to f) until the production of methane is terminated. have.

Next, when it is determined that the generation of methane is terminated, g) a change in the permeability of the filter to the laser in the process of reducing the temperature of the oven from room temperature to room temperature is measured, and a return Generating a function; h) correcting the temporal change of the reflectivity and the transmittance by using the temperature information in the oven, and analyzing the corrected reflectivity and the transmittance to determine when the calculation of the organic carbon is completed; i) calculating the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven and the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven after the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon before the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon; Thereby providing the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It goes without saying that various modifications can be made.

100: oven 110: filter 120: carbon calculation unit
130: Temperature sensor
200: laser light source 210: light receiving unit 220: transmittance calculating unit
300: organic carbon calculation unit

Claims (14)

An oven for generating methane by heating an ultrafine dust trapped in the filter;
A carbon calculator for measuring an amount of methane produced in the oven and calculating an amount of carbon contained in the measured methane;
A laser light source for irradiating the filter with a laser having a predetermined wavelength;
A light receiving unit for receiving the reflected light reflected by the filter and the transmitted light transmitted through the filter, and outputting the light amount of the reflected light and the transmitted light;
A transmittance calculating unit for outputting the reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser based on the amounts of the reflected light and transmitted light provided by the light receiving unit;
Calculating the amount of organic carbon and the amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust by using the amount of carbon contained in the methane provided by the carbon calculation unit and the reflectivity and the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser provided by the permeability calculation unit An organic carbon calculator; And
And a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature inside the oven,
Wherein the transmittance calculating unit further uses the temperature information of the oven provided by the temperature sensor to output the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser so as to correct the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter. Included organic element carbon measuring device.
delete The method of claim 1, wherein
The equation for the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter for the laser using the temperature inside the oven is
Figure 112017036094172-pat00050
Wherein the organic element carbon is contained in the ultrafine dust.
{
Figure 112017036094172-pat00051
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00052
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00053
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00054
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00055
: Regression constant value,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00056
} The method of claim 1, wherein
The equation for the reflectivity and transmittance of the filter for the laser using the temperature inside the oven is
Figure 112017036094172-pat00057
Wherein the organic element carbon is contained in the ultrafine dust.
{
Figure 112017036094172-pat00058
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00059
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00060
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00061
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00062
: Regression constant value,
Figure 112017036094172-pat00063
} The method of claim 1, wherein
The laser light source
Wherein the organic element carbon measuring device comprises a constant temperature system. The method of claim 1, wherein
The oven
And an adiabatic system in a direction in which the laser light source is located. The method of claim 1, wherein
The filter
Wherein the filter is a quartz filter. The method of claim 1, wherein
The laser light source
Wherein the laser is irradiated with a laser having a wavelength of 630 to 640 nm. delete delete A method for measuring organic element carbon contained in ultrafine dust using the measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
a) placing an ultrafine dust-trapped filter inside an oven;
b) irradiating the filter with a laser having a predetermined wavelength;
c) calculating the reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser based on the reflected light reflected by the filter and the light amounts of the transmitted light transmitted through the filter;
d) generating temperature information within the oven;
e) heating the filter using an oven and producing methane from the ultrafine dust collected in the filter; And
f) measuring the methane produced in the oven and calculating the amount of carbon contained in the measured methane;
Wherein the steps b) to f) are repeated until the production of methane is terminated. 12. The method of claim 11,
After the generation of methane is terminated
g) measuring a change in the transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser in the course of reducing the temperature of the oven from high temperature to room temperature, and generating a regression function for the reflectance and transmittance predictions according to the temperature change;
h) correcting the temporal change of the reflectivity and the transmittance by using the temperature information in the oven, and analyzing the corrected reflectivity and the transmittance to determine when the calculation of the organic carbon is completed; And
i) calculating the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven and the amount of carbon contained in the methane produced in the oven after the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon before the completion of the calculation of the organic carbon; Providing an amount of organic carbon and an amount of elemental carbon contained in the ultrafine dust;
The method of claim 1, further comprising measuring the concentration of organic element carbon in the ultrafine dust. The method of claim 12, wherein
In step h)
The equation for correcting the reflectivity and the transmittance
Figure 112015042602486-pat00064
Wherein the organic element carbon is contained in the ultrafine dust.
{
Figure 112015042602486-pat00065
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00066
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00067
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00068
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00069
: Regression constant value,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00070
} The method of claim 12, wherein
In step h)
The equation for correcting the reflectivity and the transmittance
Figure 112015042602486-pat00071
Wherein the organic element carbon is contained in the ultrafine dust.
{
Figure 112015042602486-pat00072
: Reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser using the temperature inside the oven,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00073
: Reflectance and transmittance of the filter with respect to the laser, which is calculated using the light amount of reflected light and transmitted light measured by the light receiving unit,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00074
: The reflectivity and transmittance of the filter to the laser produced before the start of heating with the oven,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00075
: A regression function for the reflectance and the expected permeability according to the temperature change,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00076
: Regression constant value,
Figure 112015042602486-pat00077
}
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