KR101768324B1 - Preparing method of polycarbonate polyol containing secondary diols - Google Patents
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- KR101768324B1 KR101768324B1 KR1020150131393A KR20150131393A KR101768324B1 KR 101768324 B1 KR101768324 B1 KR 101768324B1 KR 1020150131393 A KR1020150131393 A KR 1020150131393A KR 20150131393 A KR20150131393 A KR 20150131393A KR 101768324 B1 KR101768324 B1 KR 101768324B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/42—Chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
- C08G64/30—General preparatory processes using carbonates
- C08G64/305—General preparatory processes using carbonates and alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for producing a polycarbonate polyol containing a secondary alcohol which is easily commercially available in the production of a polycarbonate polyol. The present invention relates to a process for producing an aliphatic polycarbonate having a number average molecular weight of 10,000 or more by reacting a diol and dimethyl carbonate with methanol under base catalysis, And a second step of introducing a secondary alcohol as a cleaving agent into the polymeric condensate formed in the first step to carry out an ester exchange reaction with the polycondensate.
Description
The present invention relates to a process for producing polycarbonate polyols, and more particularly to a process for producing polycarbonate polyols containing secondary alcohols.
Polyurethane is a polymer compound containing a urethane (-NHCOO-) bond formed by the reaction between a polyol and an isocyanate in the middle part. Polyurethane has been used for a wide range of applications ranging from elastomers to engineering plastics by enabling molecular design as a material having various physical properties depending on the structure and kind of soft phase and hard phase, content, block length, degree of fine phase separation, etc. Korean Oil Chemists' Soc., 2012, 531-542).
Polyols having various structures such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, and polycarbonate polyols are used as polyols having two or more terminal hydroxyl groups in the polyurethane. Among them, polycarbonate polyol is superior to polyether polyol and polyester polyol in hydrolysis resistance, heat resistance, light resistance and oxidation resistance, and is used for special purpose of high performance polyol.
The polyol to be used as a raw material for polyurethane should be in the form of a liquid, amorphous at room temperature, have a high -OH ratio in the terminal group, and have a technology capable of controlling the molecular weight according to the application. However, the polycarbonate polyol production technique through the condensation reaction so far requires a long reaction time in order to meet the desired molecular weight, and the yield is also low, making it difficult to produce. In addition, the use of expensive 1,6-hexanediol as a raw material for the final properties deteriorates the economical efficiency, and a dialkyl carbonate-derived material is inevitably present in the terminal group due to its reaction characteristics.
Korean Patent No. 1446443 discloses that a polycarbonate polyol based on 1,4-butanediol is relatively inexpensive and can be easily prepared and molecular weight can be controlled by using a method through cutting after preparing a polymer , An extremely low terminal -OH ratio, and a process for producing the polycarbonate polyol.
However, in this patent most of the primary alcohol is used as the cleavage agent and one of the secondary alcohol cleavage agent is used. However, by using a rigid structure material, the properties of the final product are poor, no. In addition, most of the desired results are obtained using triols and tetraols, which can lead to undesirable crosslinking in the final material structure, making it difficult to use them as a starting material for subsequent flexible polyurethanes , It can not be widely used as a raw material for polyurethane.
DISCLOSURE Technical Problem Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a polycarbonate polyol containing a secondary alcohol which can be easily used commercially in the production of a polycarbonate polyol.
Also, a method for producing a polycarbonate polyol in the form of a liquid amorphous state at room temperature by introducing a small amount of a cleaving agent after the production of a polymer, a method for producing a polycarbonate polyol which can be widely used as a raw material of a polyurethane, .
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing an aliphatic polycarbonate having a number average molecular weight of 10,000 or more by reacting a diol and dimethyl carbonate with methanol in the presence of a base catalyst, And a second step of introducing a secondary alcohol as a cleaving agent into the polymeric condensate formed in the first step to carry out an ester exchange reaction with the polycondensate.
Further, the base catalyst is composed of lithium, sodium or potassium cations, and the content thereof is 0.01 to 0.1 mol% relative to the total amount of the diol.
And the second step is carried out according to the following reaction formula 2, and the number-average molecular weight of the polycarbonate polyol to be produced is 200 to 20,000.
[Reaction Scheme 2]
(Wherein, in Scheme 2, the aliphatic polycarbonate containing A is composed of repeating units represented by the following formula (1) or (2), the molar ratio of the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) and the formula (3) is 100: 0 to 80: 20, Is 1 to 20 mol% based on the diol, and X in the aliphatic polycarbonate polyol containing X is A or Z.)
(3)
(3)
(In the general formula (3), m is an integer of 5 to 20)
The secondary alcohol may be 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) or 1,3-butanediol (1, 3-butanediol; 1,3-BDO).
Also, the polycarbonate polyol prepared above is amorphous in a transparent liquid state at room temperature.
The present invention provides a method for introducing a cleavage agent into a polycarbonate polyol containing a secondary alcohol after the production of a polymer, rather than through a condensation reaction, which takes a long time at a high temperature. Particularly, a method in which a secondary alcohol having lower reactivity than a primary alcohol is introduced as a cleavage agent after preparation of a polymer is easier to manufacture than a reaction through a condensation reaction.
The use of TMCD or 1,3-BDO, which is readily available as a raw material for commercial polymers or cosmetics, facilitates the introduction of secondary alcohols and makes them cost-competitive.
Also, in the prior art, the triol and tetraol cleavage agent results were better than the results of the primary alcohol (primary diol), but this could lead to undesirable crosslinking in the structure of the final material, The secondary alcohol introduced in the present invention has a difficulty in being used as a raw material for polyurethane, but transparency is increased even if it is used in only a small amount due to its own structure. When triole and tetraol are introduced into a polycarbonate polyol, But it can be used as a raw material for flexible polyurethane because it does not cause crosslinking.
Accordingly, the secondary alcohol-containing polycarbonate polyol produced according to the present invention can be widely used as a raw material for polyurethane in the future.
1 and 2 are photographs showing the state of the polycarbonate polyol prepared according to Example 8 and Example 13 after one month.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Throughout the specification, when an element is referred to as "including " an element, it means that it can include other elements, not excluding other elements, unless specifically stated otherwise.
The process for producing a polycarbonate polyol according to the present invention is a process for producing an aliphatic polycarbonate having a number average molecular weight of 10,000 or more by reacting a diol and dimethyl carbonate with methanol under a base catalyst, ; And a second step of introducing a secondary alcohol as a cleaving agent into the polymeric condensation product formed in the first step to effect transesterification reaction.
[Reaction Scheme 1]
The first step is a step of preparing an aliphatic polycarbonate of a polymer. The diol used is a copolymer of 1,4-butanediol and a straight chain diol having a number of methyl groups of 5 to 20, : 20 molar ratio. After the addition of the diol component, the base catalyst composed of lithium, sodium or potassium cations as the base catalyst may be added in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 mol% based on the total amount of the diol.
[Chemical Formula 1]
In Formula (1), n is an integer of 5 to 20.
Hereinafter, the aliphatic polycarbonate production process will be exemplarily described. After the addition of the diol component and the base catalyst, the excess amount of dimethyl carbonate is added, and the temperature is gradually raised from 80 ° C to 130 ° C at normal pressure for 1 to 3 hours The reaction can be carried out while removing methanol. After confirming that the rate of distillation of methanol is gradually decreased, the temperature of the reactor is raised to 190 ° C., and the reactor is connected to a vacuum pump. The pressure in the reactor may be gradually decreased from 570 mmHg to 0.3 mmHg for 2 to 6 hours. During the polymerization, the methanol is continuously removed under reduced pressure and the degree of polymerization is increased. When the polymerization is continuously carried out, as the degree of polymerization of the reactant is increased, the melt viscosity of the polymer is also continuously increased, and a polymer of a polymer is produced.
In the second step, as shown in Reaction Scheme 2 below, a polycarbonate polyol having a low molecular weight through transesterification is prepared by introducing a trimerized diol secondary alcohol into the polymer aliphatic polycarbonate of the first stage after polymerization .
[Reaction Scheme 2]
In Scheme 2, the aliphatic polycarbonate containing A is composed of repeating units of the following formula (2) or (3). The molar ratio of the compound of formula (2) and formula (3) may be 100: 0 to 80:20, depending on the amount of the diol component added in the first step.
Also, the cleavage diol containing Z may be selected from a secondary alcohol (secondary diol), and the ratio thereof is preferably 1 to 20 mol% based on the total diol. In the aliphatic polycarbonate polyol containing X, X is A or Z, and the number average molecular weight of the polycarbonate polyol finally produced may be 200 to 20,000.
(2)
(3)
In the general formula (3), m is an integer of 5 to 20 and is derived from a diol having 5 to 20 carbon atoms.
As described above, the polycarbonate polyol produced according to the present invention can be manufactured on the basis of relatively inexpensive 1,4-butanediol, unlike the 1,6-hexanediol-based polycarbonate polyol which is widely available on the market. However, when 1,4-butanediol alone is used, a solid-phase polycarbonate polyol is produced. Therefore, when the polymer is polymerized, 20 mol% or less of comonomer is used and then a suitable secondary alcohol- .
The present invention relates to a process for producing an aliphatic polycarbonate polyol by adding a diol as a digesting agent after the production of the polymeric condensate, wherein the aliphatic polycarbonate polyol is produced by using a secondary alcohol as a diol, Carbonate polyol.
As the secondary alcohol, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) represented by the following general formula (4) 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO) represented by the general formula (5).
[Chemical Formula 4]
[Chemical Formula 5]
The TMCD and 1,3-BDO are commercially available secondary alcohols. For the TMCD and has been commercially available as a substance that is used as a raw material of heat-resistant polyester of Tritan TM (EASTMAN), the 1,3-BDO is mainly used for cosmetics serves as a humectant, solvent sometimes also used Is also widely used commercially. Hereinafter, a process for producing the polycarbonate polyol according to the second step will be described as an example.
In the step of preparing the polycarbonate polyol of the second step, the decomposition of the polymer aliphatic polycarbonate of the first stage after polymerization is removed, and the cut diol may be added in an amount of 1 to 20 mol% based on the whole diol under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction can be carried out for 1 to 5 hours while gradually lowering the temperature to 190 to 150 ° C. after the addition of the digesting diol. It is visually confirmed that the polymer having a high viscosity is slowly released when the cutting agent is added for about 10 to 30 minutes. When the reaction is terminated, it is confirmed that the substance generated in the reactor is a low molecular weight substance having a low viscosity.
On the other hand, when the polycarbonate polyol is prepared by adding 10 to 20 mol% of TMCD and 1,3-BDO after the polybutylene carbonate is prepared in the first step, the transparent oil-type end product is initially distilled over time The crystallization progresses gradually to form a wax form or a suspended oil form. Therefore, in order to prepare a liquid polycrystalline polycarbonate polyol, which is a condition for use as a raw material for polyurethane, as a comonomer, for example, 1,6-hexanediol is preferably added at a content ratio of 10 to 20 mol% Butylene-co-hexamethylene) carbonate was prepared and 10 to 20 mol% of TMCD or 1,3-BDO was added in the same manner as polybutylene carbonate to prepare a polycarbonate polyol, Can be maintained. That is, it was confirmed that the ratio of the comonomer and the cleavage agent to keep the transparent oil form still existed even after the preparation of the polycarbonate polyol.
The present invention is based on 1,4-butanediol, which is relatively inexpensive in price, and thus has a considerably lower price competitiveness than commercially available 1,6-hexanediol-based polycarbonate polyols. The 1,6-hexanediol used in the currently commercialized polycarbonate polyol products is at least 50 mol% based on the total diols used, and usually contains 80 to 90 mol%.
On the other hand, according to the embodiment of the present invention described below, when TMCD is used as a cleavage agent, the optimum ratio is 1,4-butanediol: 1,6-hexanediol: TMCD molar ratio of 66:17:17, and 1 , And 3-BDO was used, the optimum ratio of 1,4-butanediol: 1,6-hexanediol: 1,3-BDO was 74:13:13. In addition, it was confirmed that a liquid polycrystalline polycarbonate polyol can be prepared at room temperature by using commercially available TMCD and 1,3-BDO in an amount of 20 mol% or less.
Accordingly, the polycarbonate polyol produced according to the present invention has an advantage in that it is easy to manufacture, including a secondary alcohol that is commercially available, and has price competitiveness based on 1,4-butanediol.
In addition, most of the secondary alcohols have no linear structure due to the nature of their structure, and thus the crystallinity of the resin is also reduced by the introduction of a small amount of alcohol. Triol or tetraol may be used to reduce the crystallinity, but this may cause undesirable crosslinking in the structure of the final material, making it difficult to use the material as a raw material for flexible polyurethane in the future. However, it has been confirmed that the secondary alcohol introduced through the present invention can produce a polycarbonate polyol in the form of amorphous liquid at room temperature even when a small amount of the secondary alcohol is introduced, because the secondary alcohol is similar in function and effect to triol or tetraol. Accordingly, the method for producing a polycarbonate polyol according to the present invention includes a structure that does not cause crosslinking, so that a polycarbonate polyol that can be widely used as a raw material for polyurethane can be produced in the future.
Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described.
First, the content ratio, molecular weight, melting point and glass transition temperature of each diol in the reaction products obtained in the following Examples 1 to 13 were measured according to the following methods, and the abbreviations used in the Examples were also shown.
(1) Identification of the structure of the final product and the content ratio of each diol (mol%)
The resin obtained in the examples was dissolved in a solvent of chloroform (CDCl 3 ) for NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and a small amount was taken. The structure of the final product was confirmed by 500 MHz NMR. The integral value of 1 H peak Respectively.
(2) molecular weight (M n, MWD)
The measurement was carried out at 40 占 폚 using a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and polystyrene was used as a standard substance. MWD is a molecular weight distribution diagram, which is obtained by the M w / M n method.
(3) Melting point and glass transition temperature (T m , T g : ° C)
(DSC). The temperature was increased from -50 to 200 ° C at a rate of 10 ° C / min, then gradually decreased to 10 ° C / min, and then the temperature was raised again.
(4) Abbreviation
- BDO: 1,4-butanediol (butanediol)
- HDO: 1,6-hexanediol (hexanediol)
- DMC: Dimethyl carbonate (dimethyl carbonate)
- TMCD: 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol
- 1,3-BDO: 1,3-butanediol
Example 1 to 4: Preparation of polybutylene carbonate-diol (PBC-diol)
[Production of polymer]
To the reactor was added 1,4-butanediol (70.0 g, 777 mmole), NaOMe (21 mg, 0.05 mol% relative to BDO) base catalyst and dimethyl carbonate (110.0 g, 1219 mmole) in that order, stirred, and the inside of the reactor was purged with nitrogen . After the stirrer and the cooling condenser were connected to the reactor, the temperature of the reactor was gradually increased from 80 ° C to 130 ° C for 2 hours to carry out an ester exchange reaction. The reaction was carried out while distilling off the methanol generated in the reaction at normal pressure. After confirming that the distillation rate of the effluent gradually decreased, the cooling condenser connected to the reactor was changed to a vacuum system while raising the temperature of the reactor to 190 ° C. When the temperature of the reactor reached 190 ° C, the condensation reaction was carried out while gradually reducing the pressure of the reactor from 570 mmHg to 0.3 mmHg over 2 hours by operating a vacuum pump. Further, the reaction was further continued for 2 hours under a reduced pressure of 0.3 mmHg Respectively. During the course of the reaction, the melt viscosity of the reactant gradually increased, confirming that the torque value of the stirrer was 40 or more, and the reaction was terminated.
[Production of polycarbonate polyol]
After removing the vacuum system of the reactor in which the polymer preparation reaction was terminated, secondary alcohols were added at 190 DEG C under the nitrogen atmosphere according to the amounts shown in Table 1 below. After performing a cleavage reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere at 190 ° C for 1 hour, the temperature was gradually lowered to 150 ° C and the cleavage reaction was further continued for 2 hours, and the reaction was terminated. It was confirmed by visual observation that the polymer having a high viscosity was slowly released when about 10 minutes passed after the addition of the cleavage agent, and it was confirmed that a low molecular weight substance having a low viscosity was produced as a substance in the reactor when the reaction was terminated. The results of the above tests are summarized in Table 1 below.
Examples 5 to 13: Preparation of poly (butylene-co-hexamethylene) carbonate-diol (PBHC-diol)
[Production of polymer]
To the reactor was added 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol according to the amounts shown in Table 2, and NaOMe (21 mg, 0.05 mol% relative to the total amount of diol) base catalyst and dimethyl carbonate (110.0 g, 1219 mmole) And the inside of the reactor was replaced with nitrogen for 30 minutes. After the stirrer and the cooling condenser were connected to the reactor, the temperature of the reactor was gradually increased from 80 ° C to 130 ° C for 2 hours to carry out an ester exchange reaction. The reaction was carried out while distilling off the methanol generated in the reaction at normal pressure. After confirming that the distillation rate of the effluent gradually decreased, the cooling condenser connected to the reactor was changed to a vacuum system while raising the temperature of the reactor to 190 ° C. When the temperature of the reactor reached 190 ° C, the condensation reaction was carried out while gradually reducing the pressure of the reactor from 570 mmHg to 0.3 mmHg over 2 hours by operating a vacuum pump. Further, the reaction was further continued for 2 hours under a reduced pressure of 0.3 mmHg Respectively. During the course of the reaction, the melt viscosity of the reactant gradually increased, confirming that the torque value of the stirrer was 40 or more, and the reaction was terminated.
[Production of polycarbonate polyol]
After removing the vacuum system of the reactor in which the polymer preparation reaction was terminated, secondary alcohols were added at 190 占 폚 according to the amounts shown in Table 2 under a nitrogen atmosphere. After performing a cleavage reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere at 190 ° C for 1 hour, the temperature was gradually lowered to 150 ° C and the cleavage reaction was further continued for 2 hours, and the reaction was terminated. It was confirmed by visual observation that the polymer having a high viscosity gradually loosened after about 10 minutes from the introduction of the cleavage agent. When the reaction was terminated, it was confirmed that a low molecular weight substance having a low viscosity was formed as a substance in the reactor. The results of the above tests are summarized in Table 3 below, and FIGS. 1 and 2 show the state of the polycarbonate polyol prepared according to Example 8 and Example 13 after one month.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning, range, and equivalence of the claims are included in the scope of the present invention Should be interpreted.
Claims (5)
A second step of introducing a secondary alcohol as a cleaving agent into the polymer condensate formed in the first step to effect transesterification reaction;
, Wherein the polycarbonate polyol
The secondary alcohol may be 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (TMCD) or 1,3-butanediol (1,3 -butanediol; 1,3-BDO), and the polycarbonate polyol prepared is amorphous in a transparent liquid state at room temperature.
Wherein the base catalyst is composed of lithium, sodium or potassium cations and the content is 0.01 to 0.1 mol% based on the total amount of the diol.
The aliphatic polycarbonate produced in the first step has a molar ratio of the following formula (2) and formula (3) of 100: 0 to 80: 20, the cleavage agent is 1 to 20 mol% relative to the diol, Wherein the number average molecular weight of the polycarbonate polyol is 200 to 20,000.
(2)
(3)
(In the general formula (3), m is an integer of 5 to 20)
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