KR101743942B1 - System and method for checking gluing parameters of a cryogenic sealing barrier - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and method for checking the adhesion parameters of cryogenic sealing barriers, such as secondary barriers for tanks of methane tankers, which barrier comprises an adjacent composite panel (1) coated with another composite laminate (7) And a flexible synthetic laminate 9 adhered to the joint portion of the flexible synthetic laminate.
In accordance with the present invention, the system includes indicator means (50) disposed in contact with each flexible laminate to indicate the bonding parameters, which parameters include the temperature applied during bonding to each flexible laminate covering these lower laminations, Pressure and adhesion time, said indicator means comprising:
- one or more materials which are sensitive to the bonding temperature and / or pressure and which can be varied by the bonding temperature and / or pressure to provide information indicating the bonding temperature and / or pressure and which are applied to the respective flexible laminates,
- a plurality of integrated circuits (50) arranged at regularly spaced intervals along each flexible laminate, each having a temperature sensor and / or a pressure sensor, each glued on or contained within a flexible laminate.

Description

[0001] SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CHECKING GLUE PARAMETERS OF A CYANOGENIC SEALING BARRIER [0002]

The present invention relates to a system for checking adhesion parameters of cryogenic sealing barriers for tanks containing liquid methane, such as secondary barriers for tanks of methane tankers, and a method for checking these parameters performed by the system. The present invention particularly provides a system and method for checking the adhesion temperature and / or pressure of this barrier in real time.

The secondary seal barrier of a methane tanker designed according to the "Mark III" and "CS1" developed by the French company GTT is now based on a laminate known as "Triplex". The triplex is designed to prevent possible leakage of liquid methane at the level of the primary barrier forming the walls of the tank. Therefore, this secondary barrier must maintain the liquefied gas tightness over the entire service life of the methane tanker and withstand the many mechanical and thermal stresses exerted by the vessel or tank during its operating time. This secondary barrier is disposed between each of the two respective primary insulating layers and the secondary insulating layer, and its manufacture is generally accomplished by the following steps, which are made with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 attached hereto.

First, a composite panel is manufactured at a dedicated factory for this work. Between these panels, which consist of two primary and secondary insulation layers, a "triplex" laminate material which is rigid, semi-rigid or flexible and which keeps the liquefied gas tight is bonded. These various panels are adhered and mechanically attached to the walls of the tank adjacent to each other. 1, these panels 1 fixed to the shell 2 of the methane tanker through the fixing member 3 and the resin 4 attached to the outer surface 2 are laminated with semi-rigidity And two insulating layers 5 and 6 each of which includes the heat insulating foams 5a and 6a which are bonded to the sheets of wood 5b and 6b and are in contact with the sheets of wood 5b and 6b.

As can be seen in Figure 2, a laminate strip of "TRIPLEX ", hereinafter referred to as" flexible "9 by coating with a polyurethane or epoxy adhesive 8, So that the lower laminate 7 can be bonded to each other by superimposing them. These "triplex" laminates, which are both a flexible laminate 9 and a lower laminate 7 in a known manner, consist of an aluminum foil interposed between two glass woven sheets impregnated with an elastomeric binder. The overall tightness of the entire secondary barrier is ensured by the adhesive force formed between the flexible laminate 9 and the (semi) rigid laminate 7. [

To carry out this bonding, the flexible laminate 9 is unwound from the roll and the flexible laminate is applied to the joint level between the plates formed by the lower laminate 7 coated with the adhesive 8. Next, the coated flexible laminate 9 is heated for a time required for good curing of the adhesive 8 in a pressurized state. As shown in Fig. 3, it is possible to perform the above-described pressing and heating by the heating "airbag" 10 on which the holding bar 11 is placed and placed on the adhesive region.

Upon completion of the bonding, a primary insulation plate 12 (also known as "upper bridge pad ", visible in the cross-section of Figure 2) is placed at the junction between the composite panels 1, (Not shown) is fixed. Therefore, two sealing barriers alternately arranged with two insulating barriers are finally obtained, and the object to be installed in the tank maintains the tightness of the liquefied gas in order to maintain the liquefied gas at a temperature of about -162 DEG C .

Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 teach that continuous lamination of each flexible laminate to a (semi) rigid laminate is carried out by coating a flexible laminate using a hot-melt adhesive. These pads are provided with a heating system whose temperature is controlled by a control unit supported by a frame of the bonding machine, and the temperature of the pads is adjusted according to the adhesive used, the longitudinal dimensions of the pads and the speed of proceeding of the bonding machine.

One major drawback of known assembly methods is the risk of obtaining unsatisfactory adhesion of each flexible laminate to the bottom laminate. This can damage the overall airtightness of the secondary barrier formed by the adhesion, and after a certain time, the flexible laminate can separate and cause serious leakage of liquefied gas. In practice, these bonded flexible laminates therefore exhibit a great deal of thermal shock, which, over time, occurs during operation associated with loading and unloading, especially at tank temperatures of -162 占 폚, I can not bear it all the time.

In practice, some parameters are important in order to ensure that adhesion is reliably performed under optimal conditions and conforms to the specification. These parameters include in particular the heating temperature, the pressure applied to each flexible laminate, and the application time of this temperature and pressure. Various of these parameters do not follow the recommendations, and there may be a number of defects in the bonded assembly, such as separation of secondary barriers or leakage of liquefied gas during the lifetime of the methane tank tank.

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France (FR) Patent A1-2 822 814 France (FR) Patent A1-2 822 815

It is an object of the present invention to provide a system for checking the adhesion parameters of cryogenic sealing barriers, such as tanks of methane tankers, such as cryogenic secondary barriers for tanks containing liquid methane, which may be coated with other synthetic or lower laminate, And a flexible synthetic laminate adhered to the joints of the adjacent composite panels to be coated, the system solves the above mentioned drawbacks.

To achieve this object, the inspection system according to the invention comprises indicator means arranged in contact with each flexible laminate to indicate the parameters, these parameters being determined for each flexible laminate covering these lower laminates The pressure, and the bonding time applied during bonding to the substrate.

The expression "disposed in contact" is understood to mean that these indicator means can be placed on and / or under each flexible laminate. As the adhesion parameters which can be indicated by these indicator means, they may be values of adhesion temperature and / or adhesion pressure and / or adhesion time (i.e. application time of adhesion temperature and pressure).

The system of the present invention should not be confused with the above-described heating temperature control system used in the prior art and this system is in accordance with the present invention a risk of human factor during bonding such as an operator's immature training and / Or minimizing technical problems due to machines such as, for example, pausing, failing or overheating.

Therefore, it should be noted that the operator can be advantageous in quickly grasping from these indicator means immediately after bonding whether all bonding parameters such as temperature, pressure and their application time for effective bonding have been observed.

Advantageously, the indicator means can be distributed substantially over the entire length of each flexible laminate,

- one or more materials which are sensitive to the bonding temperature and / or pressure and which can be varied by the bonding temperature and / or pressure to provide information indicative of the bonding temperature and / or pressure and which are applied to the respective flexible laminates,

- a plurality of integrated circuits arranged at regularly spaced intervals along each flexible laminate, each having a temperature sensor and / or a pressure sensor, each glued on or contained within a flexible laminate.

According to one embodiment of the present invention relating to the first case described above, the indicator means comprises the or each material in the form of one or more tape or paint coatings applied on each flexible laminate, the material having an adhesive temperature and / The information can be provided by estimating one or more hues associated with the pressure limit value.

According to another characteristic of this first embodiment, the or each material can estimate a plurality of colors,

The color varies continuously in accordance with the bonding temperature and / or pressure through the intensity or brightness of the color as it passes; the intensity or brightness of the color is included in the inspection system and depends on the temperature exhibited by the material and / (For example, according to a principle similar to the principle of pH paper) and / or can be analyzed with a portable detection means capable of informing the operator of the maximum value of the phosphorus or average pressure and /

The color changes discontinuously according to the bonding temperature and / or pressure and is determined by an apparently distinguishable hue of color which the operator can analyze with the naked eye (e.g. according to a principle similar to the principle of pH paper) The limits of the applied temperature and / or pressure can be inferred directly.

Advantageously, the material is disposed to face an adhesive interface between the flexible laminate and the bottom laminate, and can form a single tape or paint coating in a straight or continuous form that is continuous or discontinuous.

According to a first preferred embodiment of this first embodiment, the material is temperature sensitive and is in the form of a thermochrome.

According to another feature of this first embodiment, the material can be covered with one or more adiabatic protective films and / or the protective film can be covered with the material, and the adiabatic protective film can be coated with the thermochromic material at the exposure time And is therefore designed to control the color change of the summer chromium material.

According to a second preferred embodiment of this first embodiment, the material is sensitive to the pressure exerted on each flexible laminate during bonding and has two or more non-colored and color states, each associated with an adhesive pressure limit value, And this material is applied to the flexible laminate in the form of two adhesive tapes or two linear paint coatings which preferably extend symmetrically with respect to the middle longitudinal axis of the flexible laminate.

According to another feature of the second preferred embodiment of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the check system is integrally mounted on the apparatus for bonding each flexible laminate under high temperature under pressure onto a lower laminate, and a pressure sufficient to leave a mark thereon And printing means for printing a pressure-sensitive material designed to engage substantially with the material over the entire length of the material.

Advantageously, when the bonding device is in the form of a pressure (for example, a heating plate, a caterpillar as a piece of belt-type steel plate and / or a plurality of caterpillars, conveyor belts or continuous rollers with alternating pitches) Or in the body, spaced apart by the width of the pressure sensitive material, mounted through caster axes, e.g., at different heights and / or different diameters of caster (caster diameters) And a plurality of wheels that apply different pressures on the pressure sensitive material. Next, only these caster of the bonding apparatus can print the pressure sensitive material.

According to a further variant of the invention, when the bonding device is in the form of applying pressure over the width of each flexible laminate as defined above, these printing means are arranged in the pressure sensitive material And may include one or more printing rollers capable of printing the tape itself formed of a different width and / or sensitivity.

According to another variant of the invention, the printing means comprises a serrated cone or ball mounted under the adhesive device, for example under one or more rollers or an air-inflating heating film, respectively, if the adhesive apparatus is in automatic or manual form, respectively And these cones or peaks of these balls are designed so as to exert sufficient pressure on the pressure sensitive material in such a manner that the area of the area of impact between each cone or ball and this material represents the value of the bonding pressure.

Generally, with reference to the first embodiment of the present invention, the material may comprise a plurality of electronic sensors and / or a single sensor having a plurality of measurement points to communicate all temperature and pressure data measured by the sensor in contact with the material A film having means such as a sensor can advantageously be formed, said sensor comprising:

A map of the bonding temperature and / or pressure applied substantially at all points of each flexible laminate,

- Provide effective adhesion time at the desired temperature and / or pressure, based on adhesion pressure and / or temperature time change data.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the indicator means is operative to generate several successive temperature and / or pressure measurements after being activated by the activation means included in the system, And an integrated circuit capable of transmitting the measurements to a receiver via a combined antenna, the receiver being also included in the system, and specifically intended to substantially map all adhesion interfaces between the flexible laminate and the bottom laminate have.

With reference to the second embodiment, the integrated circuit is preferably in the form of a chip having a wireless IC tag (RFID). Although chips can use any other type of integrated circuit capable of communicating with data readers or receivers because they require an energy source for operation, the energy source can be powered by, for example, a battery, or a reader adjacent to these chips And can be provided by electromagnetic waves continuously emitted.

In this preferred case of using an "RFID" chip, it is advantageous that the chip be adhered to the outer fabric of each flexible laminate or inserted between the central metal sheet of the laminate and the outer fabric as a deformation. In any case, this arrangement at the top of the metal sheet can prevent the metal sheet from forming a screen against radio waves emitted by these "RFID" chips.

According to the first embodiment of this second embodiment, which relates to the case where each flexible laminate is adhered to the lower laminate by means of a passive adhesive device with an air-inflating heating film or by another equivalent non-automatic device capable of applying pressure and temperature , The chip is positioned between the adhesive apparatus and the flexible laminate. Beneficially, if the chip is connected to an energy source, the reader is needed during operation and data recovery. If the chip is not connected to an energy source, the reader should always be close to the chip (a few centimeters in length) to allow power supply by these RF waves.

Each flexible laminate is adhered to the lower laminate under high pressure by a pressure sensitive adhesive device (e.g., a plurality of caterpillars, conveyor belts or continuous rollers with heating plates, caterpillar and / or alternating pitches) and the width of each flexible laminate According to the second embodiment of the second embodiment, the activation means and the receiver are respectively mounted in front of and behind the adhesive apparatus in the advancing direction of the adhesive apparatus, and the integrated circuit is pulled out It is all in one with flexible laminates. In the case where the chip is not connected to an energy source, the antenna emission electromagnetic waves must be added to this chip (with a length of a few centimeters) during the bonding process to allow power supply by these RF waves.

According to another feature of this second embodiment, each integrated circuit is separated from it by a length greater than the length of the bonding apparatus, and can be electrically connected to an energy source such as a battery, so that the receiver can pass over the energy source It is advantageous to receive the measured temperature and / or pressure value from the circuit before it is applied to protect the energy source from the damaging effects of the bonding temperature.

According to another characteristic of this second embodiment, the integrated circuit can be connected in series to a level of each flexible laminate, preferably over a polymeric film covering it, or internally, by means of an electric cable that powers them, Have no built-in energy source, and it is advantageous that these flexible laminates form a network by heat-interconnecting them at regular intervals.

In the latter case, the integrated circuit may transmit a measured temperature and / or pressure value to the power supply cable and further transmit this value to a reader that reads these values independently of the adhesive apparatus, These values can be obtained in real time at any time during the test, and can detect a local temperature drop, especially in the tank, to indicate the leakage of liquid methane.

After the adhesion of the secondary barrier and subsequent fixing of the metal primary barrier, a cable (not shown), which transmits the data measured by the integrated circuit, such as a simple electronic chip that supplies power and has a sensor , It is possible to transmit the measurement data directly via these electrical cables (in which case the radio frequency antenna is no longer required). Therefore, since the data can be transmitted to the data processing system in real time, a simple electronic chip with the sensor does not need to have a battery anymore. This results in a significant reduction in the cost of the integrated circuit used in the system of the present invention.

These power supply and data transmission cables are well known in the art (once again, in order to gain access to the adhesion parameters of the secondary barrier only), the metal primary barriers prevent any communication by the "RFID & Should be empty and this metal barrier should be removed), it is important to note that, once the methane tanker is activated, the data measured by these integrated circuits can always be known in real time. This wired communication therefore makes it possible to immediately detect a serious leak of liquefied gas occurring in the tank of the methane tanker, for example, by detecting a large temperature drop near the leak through the nearest integrated circuit.

In accordance with the present invention, in a method for checking the adhesion parameters of a cryogenic sealing barrier, such as a secondary barrier for a tank containing liquid methane, such as a tank of a methane tanker, the barrier may comprise adjacent synthetic And a flexible synthetic laminate adhered to the junction of the panel and allowing the flexible laminate to adhere to these lower laminates by the inspection system of the present invention under high temperature stress.

Advantageously, the measured values of these parameters are used to obtain a map of the adhesion temperature and pressure roughly applied at each point of each flexible parameter, and the change in temperature and / or pressure with the adhesion time.

Other features, advantages and details of the present invention are given by way of non-limiting example only, and may be learned by reading the following several exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing two adjacent composite panels during fabrication for tanks of methane tankers in accordance with the prior art, the panels being laminated to a flexible top laminate to form a secondary sealing barrier Coated.
Fig. 2 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the panel shown in Fig. 1, the laminate covering them is coated with a flexible laminate by adhesion according to the prior art.
Fig. 3 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing an exemplary bonding apparatus according to the prior art to obtain a bond under pressure from Fig. 2; Fig.
Figures 4 and 5 are schematic vertical cross-sectional views, each showing a flat flexible laminate strip and a wound flexible laminate strip on a roll of an adhesive device, which laminate is pre-bonded by the adhesive film according to the invention.
6 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view partially showing the automatic machine for bonding by heating and pressing, which can be used in connection with the inspection system of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the inspection system according to the first embodiment of the present invention in which the panel of Figure 2 is provided, which comprises a material sensitive to adhesive temperature / pressure applied to the flexible laminate.
Figures 8 and 9 are two schematic plan views showing the material of Figure 7 in each case extending continuously and discontinuously over the length of the flexible laminate.
10 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing the material of FIG. 7 when it is coated with an insulating protective film, which is sensitive to the adhesive temperature and is composed of a summer chrome tape.
Figures 11 and 12 are two schematic vertical cross-sectional views of the material of Figure 7 in which the protective film is placed, each representing the two states of the material that are not affected or degraded by the bonding temperature and time, respectively.
Figs. 13 and 14 are two schematic cross-sectional views corresponding to the deformation according to the invention of Figs. 11 and 12, in which the material sensitive to the bonding temperature consists of a summer chrome paint.
Fig. 15 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a check system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, particularly with reference to Figs. 7 to 14, in which the panel of Fig. 2 is provided and transmits measurement parameters in the form of computer data.
16 is a schematic side view of a bonding apparatus provided with a printing wheel at the front for printing a pressure sensitive thermochromic material according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic front view of the device shown in Fig. 16 showing the wheel that prints the summer chrome material differently between the wheels. Fig.
Fig. 18 is a schematic front view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 16, in accordance with a modification of Fig. 17, showing wheels for printing different colors of summer chrome material.
Figures 19, 20 and 21 are schematic plan views showing the summer chrome material of Figure 17 or 18, respectively, when the bonding pressure is a desired pressure, too high pressure and too low pressure.
22 is a schematic side view of a bonding apparatus having a printing wheel in its body for printing a pressure sensitive thermochromic material according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a modification of Fig.
Figure 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device shown in Figure 22 showing the wheels and the adhesive rollers enclosing them laterally;
Fig. 24 is a schematic side view of an adhering apparatus in which a single roller thereof according to a first embodiment of the present invention is capable of printing several narrow tapes of pressure sensitive thermochromic material, with another variant of Fig.
Figure 25 is a schematic front view of the apparatus shown in Figure 24 showing the rollers and the tape to which they are moved.
26 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing a sawtooth cone mounted under the bonding apparatus to apply sufficient pressure on the pressure sensitive material for the impact zone, which is typified by the bonding pressure.
Fig. 27 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing a ball mounted under the bonding apparatus so as to apply sufficient pressure on the pressure sensitive material for the impact zone represented by adhesive pressure in the modification of Fig. 26;
Figures 28, 29 and 30 are schematic plan views showing three different impact zones obtained by the cone of Figure 26 or the ball of Figure 27, respectively, showing correct bonding pressure, too high bonding pressure, and too low bonding pressure, respectively.
Figures 31 and 32 illustrate a variant of Figure 7 in which the panel of Figure 2 is provided and which is bonded to a flexible laminate in the case of Figure 31 and which includes an integrated circuit housed within the laminate in the case of Figure 32, Fig. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the inspection system according to Fig.
33 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the engagement of each integrated circuit between the metal sheet and the outer fabric of the flexible laminates, according to Fig. 32;
34 is a functional block diagram illustrating an exemplary "RFID" chip structure that may be used as a circuit in the system of FIG. 31 or 32, in conjunction with an energy source (selection), a pressure sensor, and an antenna (optional).
Fig. 35 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the antennas shown in Fig. 34 in relation to the "RFID" chip, the energy source connected to the chip, and the pressure sensor.
Figures 36, 37 and 38 relate to a non-self-adhesive device having a heating film in the form of an "airbag ", which separates the operation of the chip prior to bonding, stores the measured temperature / pressure during bonding, Fig. 3 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing three successive steps, respectively.
39 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing the active means and receiver respectively mounted on the front and rear of the apparatus, in relation to the automatic bonding apparatus;
Fig. 40 is a modification of Fig. 39, showing an integrated circuit that is electrically coupled to an energy source that is separated therefrom by a predetermined length so that the receiver receives measurements from the integrated circuit before it passes over the energy source It is a schematic perspective view.
41 is a schematic perspective view showing several circuits connected in series by a cable supplying a power and a non-embedded energy source to an integrated circuit for a one-line network of the integrated circuit in a variant of FIG.
42 is a schematic perspective view showing an integrated circuit capable of transmitting measured temperature and / or pressure to a cable in accordance with the modification of FIG. 41, which can transmit the measured temperature and pressure to an independent reader (not shown) in real time .

As can be seen from Figs. 4 and 5, a continuous and compact layer of adhesive 8 is formed on the surface of the flexible laminate 9 by the preliminary adhesion of each flexible laminate 9. In addition to the preliminary bonding of the flexible laminate 9, the same adhesive 8 can be used to selectively provide preliminary bonding to the outer surface of each lower laminate 7 in parallel. The adhesive 8 can cover the two separated lateral side half of the flexible laminate 9, as shown in these figures, or it can extend continuously over the entire width of the laminate 9 as a deformation.

Fig. 6 schematically shows the use of an automatic apparatus 20 for placing each strip of the flexible laminate 9 on the lower laminate 7 by way of example. This device can pressurize the adhesive (8) previously placed on at least the flexible laminate (9) by heating (preferably by preheating by infrared radiation, followed by heating by thermal conduction). The automatic apparatus 20 advancing in the direction of the arrow A has a roller 21 for drawing out the flexible laminate 9 preliminarily bonded on the lower support 5 of the panel 1 in particular. After the laminates 7 and 9 are contacted, for example, under a pressure of about 0.05 to 0.6 bar, the heating temperature is used to cross-bond the adhesive 8 to achieve all its strength and airtight properties.

This method of assembling the secondary barrier is achieved by cross-linking of the adhesive 8 as compared to the prior art and because of the pre-bonding of the flexible laminate 9 and the automatic placement of the laminate 9, , And much more reliable, more robust, and more resistant to stresses applied during operation.

As can be seen in the examples of Figures 7 to 14, the inspection system according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a thermochromic material (not shown) arranged in tape or paint form on the (upper) outer fabric at the center of the flexible laminate 9 30, 30 '). This material 30, 30 ', which changes color by the regulation according to temperature (that is, the material 30, 30' is colored or changes color to intensity of color or color depending on temperature when it is heated) ') Are designed to display this in a simple manner when the ideal bonding temperature is reached.

8 and 9, the material 30,30'is formed from one or more continuous strips 30 (Figure 8) or a flexible laminate 30,30'directed from at least one of two sides of the laminate 9, (Dotted line in Fig. 9) facing the adhesive interface between the lower laminate 9 and the lower laminate 7, as shown in Fig. As shown, each laminate 9 may have a width of approximately 250 mm. Under the influence of the heating, the color of the tape 30, 30 'is compared with the naked eye (the color estimated by the tape 30, 30' is compared with the color of the reference sample in accordance with the principle similar to the principle of the pH paper) The value of the maximum temperature reached after the adhesion can be detected by the portable detection device using a sensor that accurately measures the color of the color and provides a value of the maximum temperature seen by the tape (for example, by displaying it on the screen).

10, it is advantageous to be able to cover the tape with the heat insulating protective film 31 (regardless of whether the tape is continuous or discontinuous) in order to allow the tape 30 to withstand high temperatures . This specifies a certain time required for the temperature to reach the level of the lower tape 30 when a predetermined temperature is applied to the upper side 31 of the laminate 30, 31. If the exposure time of the laminate 30 or 31 is too short, the temperature at which the level of the tape 30 reaches the level is too low and the color does not change (in the case of FIG. 11) If it is too long, the temperature reaching the level of the tape 30 is sufficient to color it (in the case of FIG. 12), and therefore notifies the operator.

It is possible to provide one or more protective films 31 above and below the tape 30, for example several protective films 31 superimposed on and / or under the tape 30 to obtain longer insulation. . It should also be noted that each protective film 31 may be wider than the tape 30 in order to allow for better protection or to be able to adhere it on the flexible laminate 9. [

In the deformation of the tapes 30 and 30 ', a thermochromic material is used which is formed, for example, by a coating of a paint 30 "in which the strip of the flexible laminate 9 is coated in a continuous or discontinuous form at the center of the laminate 9 In the example of Figs. 13 and 14, the paint 30 "(in this case the paint 30") which is advantageous to cover with a protective film 31 " It is also possible to provide several protective films 31 "below) can have two possible colors to estimate a specific temperature below the critical temperature and a second color distinct from the first temperature above this temperature. Can be visually inspected through the absence of color changes (see FIG. 13) and otherwise through such color changes (see FIG. 14) when the ideal bonding temperature is reached.

As a variation, its color change can use a progressive paint 30 "according to temperature, which can be used to visually infer the temperature from the naked eye or by comparing it with the color of the reference sample Through a color analyzer.

Referring to Fig. 15, a film 30 "'having a plurality of electronic sensors and / or a single sensor with a plurality of measurement points is used to return an electrical signal to the receiver 40 based on the temperature measured over time. May be used.

In another embodiment of the first embodiment according to the present invention, referring to Figs. 16 to 30, the inspection system according to the invention may be glued in the form of tape (s) or may be applied to the outer fabric of the flexible laminate 9 Sensitive material 130 that is positioned in the form of a pressure sensitive adhesive (not shown). The material 130, whose color varies with temperature, is preferably designed to have a small width (e.g., 5 mm) and is designed to simply display that an ideal bonding temperature has been reached. It is advantageous that two tapes 130 are arranged on the laminae 9, respectively, on both sides of the center of the laminate, for example, halfway between the center and the side edges of the laminate.

It should be noted that the small width for each tape 130 makes it possible to minimize the installation cost of the inspection system according to the invention compared to the complete cover of the flexible laminate 9. [ Also, since the bonding apparatus is made up of two parts arranged on either side of the center of the laminate 9, the bonding pressure is distributed substantially uniformly across each half-width, It is possible to monitor the pressure throughout this half-width by monitoring the value of the pressure through the tape 130. [

Again referring to Figures 16-30, three types of materials 130 may be used:

The material 130 having a different degree of intensity depending on the pressure applied to the material but having a higher intensity,

- the hue of the hue depends on the given color (A) for a given pressure (X) up to the applied pressure, i.e. another color (B) for another pressure (Y) A material 130 having a full range of hues having an association with the above range of material 130,

Color or color intensity (or A and B colors) to obtain reliable and quick readable information (i. E., Sufficient or insufficient adhesive pressure) A material 130 having only two states. It is possible, for example, to associate, in turn, by two tapes or paints 130 having different sensitivities which allow the pressure applied through the more precise indication to be understood as to whether the applied pressure is between or within the two specified limits.

By applying a constant pressure over time for a given time on the entire material 130 through an adhesive device or other device that applies a desired pressure to the material 130 to precisely print the material 130 (i.e., leave a mark) It is possible to choose to shock. This technique makes it possible to have a map of the actual pressure exerted by the bonding apparatus. However, this entails a drawback associated with the low pressure exerted by the bonding apparatus. That is, a very low pressure sensitive material 130 is needed to obtain a direct measurement of the applied pressure. This is particularly advantageous when transporting the wound strip of laminate 9 (especially due to the weight and movement of the laminate 9 reel 9) prior to final adhesion, such as when the material 130 can be printed or altered prematurely ) Problems, and therefore this material 130 can not be used for satisfactory inspection of the bonding pressure.

The examples of Figures 16 to 30 allow to solve this drawback with respect to the detection pressure.

The adhesive device 120 shown in Figures 16 to 18 is preferably in automatic form and comprises a small diameter (e.g., five wheels) wheels 121, 122, 123 mounted on the front of the device 120 and attached thereto, 124, and 125 to mark the pressure sensitive tape or paint 130. These printing means 121 to 125 can accurately and precisely indicate the pressure continuously over the entire length of the glued laminate 9 (i.e., correct pressure, too high or too low pressure ).

In the example of FIG. 17, the wheels 121 to 125 are all small diameters, but have various mounting heights on the device 120, and are attached to an axis fixed to the device 120 at different heights. Therefore, each of the wheels 121 to 125 applies a certain pressure on the material 130 and leaves a stamp on it. The pressure applied on the material is relatively large because the contact area between each of the wheels 121 to 125 and the material 130 is small so that there is no visible (on the material 130) Imprinting) is very clear. By satisfactorily measuring the fixed heights of the wheels 121 to 125, some of the wheels will print the film while others will exert a significantly weaker pressure to effect printing.

18, the wheels 121 'to 125' are all fixed at the same height on the bonding apparatus 120 ', but have different diameters so that the principle of the marking is the same (i.e., taper or paint 130) The number of imprints on the surface increases as the applied pressure increases).

If the pressure applied by the device 120, 120 'is correct, too high, or too low, as can be seen in Figures 19-21 that relate to one or the other of the devices 120 and 120' The number of wheels 121 to 125, 121 'to 125' to be printed on the material 130 may be either appropriately raised (four in FIG. 19) or maximum (five in FIG. 20) Two).

22 and 23, the wheels 221, 222, 223 and 224 are mounted inside the bonding apparatus 220 and are disposed between the large rollers 225, 226 and 227, The pressure sensitive material 130 does not print. The two embodiments described above with reference to Figures 16 to 18 are applicable to this configuration (i.e., having wheels 221 to 224 with different diameters or mounted at different heights), the advantage being that the flexible laminates 9 ) Pressure is applied simultaneously over the entire width of the strip. Nevertheless, due to the reduced printing wheels 221 to 224, a local deformation is obtained through the device 220, compared to that obtained through the devices 120 and 120 '.

In the example of FIGS. 24 and 25, the bonding apparatus 320 uses a single large roller 321 to apply pressure to the flexible laminate 9 along very narrow tapes 331, 332, 333 and 334 Which is marked by a roller 321 over the width of the laminate 9 strip. The locally excessive thickness caused by the pressure of the tapes 331 to 334 can make it possible to apply a strong pressure there between these tapes 331 to 334 in such a way that they are slightly weakly marked at the level of the laminate 9 Do. In particular, the roller 321 has a relatively small contact area with the laminate 9, and the narrow tapes 331 to 334 allow a force to be applied to a small area. This means a larger pressing force and thus a clearer marking on the pressure sensitive material forming these tapes 331 to 334.

For example, two tapes of the same material but different widths and / or two tapes having different sensitivities but having the same width (followed by two different contact surface areas and thus different pressure values at which the tapes are marked) In order to obtain a more accurate value for the pressure, it is advantageous to be able to place two narrow tapes 331 and 332, 333 and 334 on the two sides of the laminate 9, respectively. It is therefore possible to measure the width of these pairs of tapes 331 and 332, 333 and 334, and if neither of them is colored, the bonding pressure is too weak, the pressure is correct if only one tape is colored in a pair, When the tape is colored, the applied pressure is too great.

26 shows another example of a means for printing the pressure sensitive material 130 and includes a large base 421a and a sawtooth cone 421b having a narrow peak 421b mounted by the base 421a under the bonding apparatus And cones 421, respectively. The bonding apparatus (not shown) can be both automatic and manual and is designed to apply one-off markings to the material 130 by the peaks 421b.

In the case of a self-adhesive device, these conical cones 421 are arranged on the rollers mounted below the device, for example, to apply the necessary pressure for the adhesive, and these conical cones 421 are brought into contact with the material 130 But may be located at any other location below the provided device. In the case of a manual bonding apparatus, these conical cones 421 may be disposed directly under the pressure-applying member (e.g., under heated airbag 10).

This conical shape has a reduced contact area with the material 130, which helps to obtain a relatively large pressure exerted by the cone cone 421. Thus also contributing to the sharpness of the point S on this material 130. Therefore, this technique makes it possible to easily associate the diameter of the point S on the material 130 with the pressure exerted by the bonding apparatus, and specifies that the maximum and minimum diameters can be defined in relation to the acceptable pressure range .

Fig. 27 shows a variant of Fig. 26 in which the cone cone is replaced by a ball 521 which is mounted under the bonding apparatus (automatic or manual) and applies a one-time marking to the material 130. Fig. Along with the corresponding point S 'defined by the contact zone between each ball 521 and the material 130, its principle is the same as the principle of the serrated cone 421.

 As can be seen in Figures 28-30, the adhesive pressure inferred overall as the contact area, area S1 representing the correct pressure (Figure 28), S2 representing too large a pressure (Figure 29), S3 indicating too weak (Fig. 30).

In the same manner as described above for the thermochromic materials 30, 30 ', 30 ", the hue provided by these pressure sensitive materials 130, 331 through 334 can be read by:

To visually inspect these materials or their printing means 121 to 125, 121 'to 125', 221 to 224 (for example, in order to visually check whether the pressure to be inspected corresponds exactly to the coloring appearance of the material 130, 331 to 334) , 321 to 521), or applying pressure to the material and then comparing the obtained color to the reference sample to infer the applied actual pressure; or

By virtue of the mechanism enabling the color of the material (130, 331 to 334) to be analyzed and deduced directly from the applied pressure, it is possible to obtain, in two possible measurement forms, An analysis of the precise zones, and an analysis of a wider area of material (e.g., about 1 cm 2 or several cm 2) to obtain an average of the pressure screen by the material on this zone.

Referring again to FIG. 15, a film 30 'having a plurality of electronic sensors and / or a single sensor having a plurality of measurement points is provided to return an electrical signal to the receiver 40 based on the temperature measured over time. ") Can be used.

Finally, it should also be noted that a protective film can be used to cover the material (130, 331 to 334) so that the material can withstand high temperature adhesion.

Referring now to Figs. 31-42, an exemplary system for checking adhesion temperature and pressure in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention is described. These systems all provide a non-limiting example (in addition to radio frequency, in particular any communication system in the form of a wire) can be used, for example due to the network of the integrated circuit 50, , The pressure and the bonding time are jointly checked at the same time.

Each integrated circuit 50 is located on top (Figure 31) or inside (Figure 32) of the flexible laminate 9 and can take several measurement points over time and have accurate information relating to pressure and temperature application times And a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor designed to measure the temperature. As a preferred example, information detected by a chip such as an "RFID" chip is returned to the receiver by radio waves (or to another system for transmitting data, e.g., by cable), and then all data is stored in an analytical database .

The advantage of the "RFID" chip is that each chip has a unique identification, which allows it to know exactly which chip measures the deviation in temperature, pressure or adhesion time from all chips present in the secondary barrier. do.

The following four positions can be expected for each circuit 50:

The circuit can be placed inside the flexible laminate 9 (see Fig. 31)

The circuit is sandwiched between the aluminum sheet 9a and the outer glass woven fabric 9c opposite to the inner glass woven fabric 9b (each woven fabric 9b, 9c is impregnated with an elastomeric binder 9d) And which is highly desirable in the case of "RFID " chips, provides an aluminum sheet which forms a screen for radio waves,

The circuit can be arranged inside the laminate 9 (see Fig. 32) but between the aluminum sheet 9a and the inner glass cloth 9b, or

The circuit can be bonded under the flexible laminate (9).

As shown in FIGS. 34 and 35, each integrated circuit 50 has a number of separate components interlocked with the central chip 51. The central chip is connected to all other parts of the circuit 50 and includes an internal clock 52 and a memory 53 for storing all the data measured by the pressure sensor 54 and the temperature sensor 55, And a microcontroller 56 that manages the power supply and manages communication with the reader and the receiver. In certain configurations, some of these components may be unnecessary and, for example, in the case of a wire-connected chip, batteries and antennas are not necessary.

In the example of the "RFID" chip 51, two types of power supply can be expected:

The energy supplied by the reader is transmitted to the chip as an RF wave through an antenna 57 connected to the chip 51. The non-built-in energy source (i.e., without a battery or a capacitor) Advantageously, it is necessary to place an antenna that is always visible through the chip 51, in order to allow continuous power supply (including communication) while being glued by the associated device; or

- an energy source 58 embedded in the chip 51 (in the form of a battery or capacitor), which operates independently of the reader and, once the bonding is complete, can transmit the propagation path data at a greater distance.

As described below with reference to Figs. 41 and 42, using a cable capable of delivering an energy source, irrespective of its nature, to supply power to an integrated circuit (other than the "FRID & It is possible.

The pressure sensor 54 can be embedded in or connected to the chip 51 and it becomes possible to measure the mechanical pressure applied to the flexible laminate 9 during bonding. The temperature sensor 55 can also be built in or connected to the chip 51 (this sensor is very small in size and is usually embedded in the chip 51). The desired time period between the two temperature and pressure measurement values is stored in the memory 53 built in the chip 51 in advance.

Figures 36-38 illustrate the operation of the inspection system in accordance with the example of this second embodiment of the present invention, with reference to an adhesion carried out by a non-automated apparatus.

36, the chip 51 is activated by the activation means 59 before being heated and pressed. For example, while the bonding is performed by the heating airbag 10 with the holding bar 11 (see Fig. 37) on top, or any other equivalent capable of applying pressure and temperature for a specified period of time, Stores the temperature and the pressure in a predetermined cycle. Once the bonding is completed, each heated airbag 10 or any other equivalent device is removed and all data stored in the chip 51 is transmitted to a conventional data processing receiver 60. [

These chips 51 are suitable for use in any system for secondary barrier adhesion of methane tanker tanks and are used in accordance with precise bonding conditions at any point in each flexible laminate 9 and especially in the secondary barriers of the tank By virtue of having a complete traceability of the strips and plates of the flexible laminate 9 and of the lower laminate 7 to the surface of the tank to make it possible to map all the adhesive zones on the walls of the tank.

Figures 39 to 42 illustrate the operation of the inspection system according to another example of this second embodiment of the present invention, with reference to an adhesion carried out by the automatic device 20 '.

The activation means 59 'disposed in front of the bonding apparatus 20' can be activated by each integrated circuit 50 to take temperature and pressure measurements, which in turn can be converted into data And stores it in its internal memory 53. Once the bonding is complete, the reader or receiver 60 'mounted behind the device 20' restores all the data stored in the memory 53 as it passes through each circuit 50, To the data processing system.

As a variant, the antenna can be located under the adhesive apparatus 20 'and just near the flexible laminate 9 to supply power and / or continuously communicate the measured data.

The embodiment of FIG. 40 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 40 except that a chip with an internal energy source 58, such as a battery or a capacitor (each chip 51 has its own energy source and thus allows the reader 60 ' Is designed to address the major drawbacks that may exist due to the presence of the source 51 and the potential low resistance results of this energy source 58 for high temperature adhesion. Indeed, the technology of a particular battery or capacitor does not allow for a temperature rise that is too high, for example, above 150 ° C.

40, each chip 51 (such as an "RFID" chip) is connected to an energy source 58 by a wire 70 having a length greater than the length of the bonding apparatus 20 ' do. When the bonding apparatus passes over each chip 51, it heats it to a temperature of 150 ° C or higher, and the chip 51 is never powered by the energy source 58, which is farther away, And therefore can record the desired temperature and pressure data during this time and store it in the internal memory 53. [ Once the bonding apparatus 20 'passes the chip 51, the data recording can be stopped and when the apparatus 20' passes over the energy source 58, the energy source can be destroyed. However, since all the data is already stored in the memory 53 of the chip 51 without interfering with the measured values, it can be recovered by a normal reader 60 'such as an "RFID" reader.

The embodiment of Figures 41 and 42 is characterized in that at the level at which the integrated circuit 50 is left in place after the secondary barrier is adhered to the tank of the methane tanker containing the metal primary barrier fixed to the above- And the metal primary barrier in the case of an "RFID " chip prevents arbitrary communication by radio frequency, since the life of the battery or capacitor 58 supplying the chip 51 is insufficient, During this lifetime, we have provided a solution to address the major drawbacks of not getting the information. These chips 51 do not have a primary barrier that is first drained and removed therefrom, so that information can not be obtained again if leakage problems occur in the tank, and the adhesive state applied at the time of fixing the secondary barrier can be checked again This is a very limited concern.

41, the chip 51 of the system according to this example of the present invention has a chip 51 (hereinafter, referred to as " RFID "chip) (I.e., one after the other) by a cable 80 that feeds power over the entire length of the methane tanker tank and that passes through the length of the methane tanker tank, To provide the required connection 85 at the line end and for the intermediate connection between the lines for each line of chip 51. [

As can be seen in FIG. 42 for a simple chip 51 that is not operated by radio frequency, each chip 51 sends data measured by sensors 54 and 55 including it by cable 80 . The cable 80 not only supplies power to the chip 51 but also transmits temperature and pressure data measured by the chip.

The advantages of the system shown in Figures 41 and 42 are as follows:

No energy source is required for the chip 51 because the cable 80 associated with the various chips 51 supplies energy to the chip;

Data can be directly sent in real time via these cables 80. This can omit the radio frequency antenna 57 and the memory 53 for each chip 51 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the chip 51 It is possible to reduce it.

Unlike the prior art, the use of various chips 51 in the operation of the methane tanker is possible and the temperature is correct at the level of the secondary barriers in the wired communication through the cable 80, It is possible to grasp whether or not the position of leakage of the liquid gas is accurately detected through the local large drop at the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 51 (the simple chip 51 has a dedicated frequency) Information on the built-in temperature sensor is available, so that in the event of a serious leak, only the damaged areas can be disassembled.

It should be noted that no current system can detect leakage of liquid methane at the level of the primary barrier during operation of the methane tank. While the costs associated with repairing methane tank tanks in the event of leaks are very high, these systems according to the second embodiment of the present invention have shown significant advance in real-time detection of leaks and allow a significant reduction in repair time do.

Another feature of these chips is that they allow complete traceability of the laminated composite from its manufacture through its precise positioning in the boat, thanks to their dedicated identification number. These preferred chips can enable the creation of a complete map through an external storage system, thanks to the batch number and adhesive parameters of each flexible laminate 9.

According to a variant of the invention, it is possible to have an electronic chip in contact with the flexible laminate 9, which has no sensors and is designed to allow traceability of the flexible laminate 9 only. Sensors for the adhesion parameters (i.e., adhesion temperature and / or pressure and / or time) can cooperate with the bonding device, and therefore the bonding parameters measured by these sensors outside the flexible laminate 9 It is possible to associate.

1: Composite panel 7: Lower laminate
8: Adhesive 9: Flexible laminate
20, 20 ', 120, 120', 220, 320:
30, 30 ', 30 ": material 31, 31": protective film
50: integrated circuit 51: chip

Claims (22)

As an adhesion parameter checking system for cryogenic sealing barriers,
The barrier comprises a flexible synthetic laminate (9) adhered to the junction of the adjacent laminate (7) or the lower laminate with an adjacent composite panel (1) coated individually,
The inspection system includes indicator means (30, 30 ', 30 ", 130, 331 to 334, 50) arranged in contact with each flexible laminate to indicate the parameter,
Wherein said parameter is selected from the group consisting of temperature, pressure and adhesion time applied during adhering to each flexible laminate covering these lower laminates. The method according to claim 1,
The indicator means (30, 30 ', 30 ", 130, 331 to 334, 50)
- distributed over the entire length of each flexible laminate (9)
(30, 30 ', 30 ", 30 ", 30 ", 30 ", 30 ", 30 " 130, 331 to 334)
- an inspection system comprising a plurality of integrated circuits (50) arranged at regularly spaced intervals along each flexible laminate, each having a temperature sensor (54) or a pressure sensor (55) . 3. The method of claim 2,
The indicator means comprises the respective material (30, 30 ', 30 ", 130, 331 to 334) in the form of one or more tape or paint coatings applied on each flexible laminate (9) And providing said information by estimating at least one color associated with a pressure limit value. The method of claim 3,
Each of the materials 30, 30 ', 30 ", 130, 331 to 334 can estimate a plurality of colors,
The color changes continuously in accordance with the bonding temperature or pressure through the intensity or brightness of the color upon passage and the intensity or brightness of the color is determined by the temperature or the local or average pressure Can be analyzed as a portable detection means capable of informing the operator of the maximum value of the detection value,
The color changes discontinuously according to the bonding temperature or pressure and can be determined by an operator with an apparently distinguishable hue that can be analyzed by the naked eye and from which a limit value of the temperature or pressure applied to this material can be inferred directly . The method according to claim 3 or 4,
The material is arranged to face a bonding interface between the flexible laminate 9 and the lower laminate 7 and is arranged to form a single tape or paint coating 30, 30 ', 30 "in the form of a continuous or discontinuous straight line. . The method of claim 3,
Wherein the material (30, 30 ', 30 ") is temperature sensitive and is in the form of a thermochrome. The method according to claim 6,
The material may be covered or covered with the at least one heat insulating protective film 31, 31 ", and the heat insulating protective film may be covered with the thermochromic material 30, 30 ', 30 " An inspection system designed to adjust the color change of the summer chrome material according to the exposure time. The method of claim 3,
The materials 130, 331 through 334 are sensitive to the pressure exerted on each flexible laminate 9 during bonding and can estimate two or more non-colored and color states respectively associated with adhesive pressure limits The inspection system. 9. The method of claim 8,
The inspection system is integrally mounted on a bonding apparatus 120, 120 ', 220, 320 for adhering each flexible laminate 9 onto a lower laminate 7 under high temperature pressures, Sensitive material (130, 331 to 334) designed to engage with the material over the entire length of the material by applying sufficient pressure to leave the pressure-sensitive material (S1 to S3) To 125, 121 'to 125', 221 to 224, 321, 421, 521). 10. The method of claim 9,
The bonding device 120, 120 ', 220, 320 is in the form of a pressure application, and the printing means is selectively coupled to the front, back, or body of the bonding device, And a plurality of wheels (121 to 125, 121 'to 125', 221 to 224) for applying different pressures on the pressure sensitive material. 10. The method of claim 9,
The adhesive device 320 is in the form of applying pressure over the width of each flexible laminate 9 and the printing means 321 is arranged to apply pressure to the pressure sensitive materials 331 to 334 ) Capable of printing on its own. 10. The method of claim 9,
The printing means includes a sawtooth cone 421 or a ball 521 mounted below the bonding apparatus and the peaks of these cones or balls are formed in the area between the cone or ball and the impact area S , S ', S1 to S3) is designed to apply sufficient pressure to the pressure sensitive material (130) in a manner that indicates the value of the adhesive pressure. 3. The method of claim 2,
Said material forming a film 30 '''having a plurality of electronic sensors or a single sensor having a plurality of measurement points to contact all of the temperature and pressure data measured by the sensor in contact with said material,
The sensor includes:
A map of bonding temperatures or pressures applied to all points of each flexible laminate 9,
An inspection system which provides effective adhesion time at a desired temperature or pressure based on adhesive pressure or temperature time variation data. 3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein said indicator means comprises means for generating a number of successive temperature or pressure measurements after being activated by activation means (59, 59 ') included in said inspection system, storing said measurement values generated, And an integrated circuit (50) capable of transmitting said measurements to a receiver (60, 60 ') via an antenna (57), said receiver being included in said inspection system. 15. The method of claim 14,
Each flexible laminate 9 is adhered to the lower laminate 7 by means of a manual type adhesive device 10,11 having an inflatable heating film 10 and the activation means 59 and the receiver 60 are bonded to each other, Are all separate from this bonding apparatus. 16. The method of claim 15,
The flexible laminate 9 is adhered to the lower laminate 7 under high temperature and pressure by a bonding device 20 'which applies pressure and covers the width of each flexible laminate and covers the width of each flexible laminate, The active means 59 'and the receiver 60' are mounted on the front and rear of the bonding device in the direction B in which the bonding device advances, respectively, and the integrated circuit 50 is integrated with the flexible laminate In check system. 17. The method of claim 16,
Each integrated circuit 50 is separated from it by a length greater than the length of the bonding apparatus 20 'and is electrically connected to the energy source 58 so that the receiver 60' The inspection system receives the measured temperature or pressure value from the circuit before passing through the circle to protect the energy source from the damaging effects of the bonding temperature. 17. The method of claim 16,
The integrated circuit 50 is connected in series at the level of each flexible laminate 9 by means of an electric cable 80 which supplies them with power and the integrated circuit does not have any built-in energy source, (85) are electrically interconnected at regular intervals to form a network. 19. The method of claim 18,
The integrated circuit 50 can transmit a measured temperature or pressure value to the power supply cable 80 and further transmit this value to a reader that is independent of the adhesive apparatus 20 'and reads these values, Inspection systems that can obtain these values in real time at any time during operation of the tank. 20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19,
The integrated circuit 50 is in the form of a chip 51 having a radio frequency identification (RFID), optionally with an energy source 58 and attached to the outer fabric of each flexible laminate, Inspection system inserted between outer woven fabrics. As an inspection method for checking adhesion parameters of the cryogenic sealing barrier,
Characterized in that the barrier comprises a flexible synthetic laminate (9) bonded to a junction of adjacent composite panels (1) each coated with another synthetic laminate (7) or a lower laminate, Wherein said parameter is selected from the group consisting of temperature, pressure and adhesion time applied to each flexible laminate during bonding, when said flexible laminate is bonded onto said bottom laminate. 22. The method of claim 21,
Wherein the measured value of the parameter is used to obtain a map of the change in pressure according to the bonding temperature and pressure applied at each point of each flexible laminate (9) and the bonding time.

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