KR101695881B1 - Electrical Power Generation And Seawater Desalination System Using Solar Energy For Off-shore Facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

A seawater solar power generation and desalination system for marine facilities is disclosed. The present invention relates to a seawater solar power generation and desalination system for marine facilities, comprising: a solar heat storage unit for generating and desalinating water using seawater in a marine facility including a ship, And a power generation and fresh water production section for producing seawater by evaporating the steam, producing electricity by steam generated by heat exchange with the superheated fluid, and condensing the discharged steam to produce fresh water.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a seawater solar power generation and desalination system,

The present invention relates to a seawater solar power generation and desalination system for marine facilities, and more particularly, to a power generation and desalination system for marine facilities for generating seawater by heat exchange with superheated fluid formed by heating using pressurization and solar heat will be.

Generally, a power generation using a steam turbine generates steam in a boiler and uses the steam to operate the turbine to drive the generator as a basic cycle.

It is an important process related to the steam cycle efficiency to enrich the steam that is discharged after the generator is driven in the steam cycle. In terms of energy utilization, only about 40% of the input fuel is converted to electricity, and about 13% is lost in the combustion process and the generator. About 47% of the energy of the input fuel is absorbed by the cooling water in the course of the steam process and is lost as waste heat. This is not preferable from the viewpoint of the heat utilization as well as the effect of the marine ecosystem by the cooling water discharged at a higher temperature than the surface water .

Therefore, in order to increase the heat utilization of such steam, a method of utilizing the seawater desalination apparatus as a heat source prior to a plurality of processes has been conventionally developed.

Generally, the process of separating fresh water from seawater is divided into thermal energy, mechanical / electrical energy and renewable energy system depending on the energy source. Depending on the fresh water production method, evaporation / distillation method, reverse osmosis method, . Among them, the fresh water using solar heat is divided into a multi-stage utility system using multiple evaporators to increase the fresh water yield and a single utility using one evaporator using heat energy. These multi-stage systems are divided into Multi-Stage Flash Distillation (MSF) and Multi-Effect Evaporation (MED). This approach has been applied to large systems that use high temperature steam or produce large volumes of fresh water.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a conventional seawater desalination system of a multi-stage system.

In the seawater desalination plant, the evaporator is composed of a plurality of stages (approximately 19 to 30, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1), and each stage includes a condenser 4, a water separator 5, .

In the seawater desalination unit, the recycling brine flows through the condenser (4) of each heat recovery section by means of a brine recirculation pump to the seawater heater (Brine Heater, 2) And is heated by the steam supplied from the power generation facility 1 or the like which flows in and flows outside the tube of the seawater heater 2.

The heated circulating salt water is introduced into a flash chamber 3 of a stage which is maintained at a low pressure sequentially. When the heated circulating water is introduced, vigorous evaporation is induced due to the low pressure around the evaporation chamber (3), and this evaporation phenomenon continues while the introduced circulating hydrochloric water is cooled to the boiling point corresponding to the pressure of the stage. Then, it flows into the next stage and repeats this process, and the concentration gradually increases.

In the final stage, some are discharged outside the Brine Blowdown Pump to adjust the concentration of the total circulating salt water. The resulting steam is passed through a water separator (5) to remove any salts that may be contained. Then, it flows into the condenser (4) of the stage and is condensed into fresh water by the circulating hydrochloric water flowing in the tube.

In order to improve the thermal efficiency, the conventional seawater desalination apparatus has to increase the heat transfer area and the number of stages in the evaporator, thereby increasing the installation space and increasing the manufacturing cost. In addition, in order to drive the seawater heater, . In case of using steam generated from a thermal power plant or a nuclear power plant, the use of fossil fuel, environmental pollution, and waste generation are caused. In addition, as shown by the 2011 earthquake in East Japan and the subsequent Fukushima nuclear power plant, the risk of installing nuclear power plants is also a problem.

In addition, since the conventional seawater desalination apparatus is installed in a fixed place, the range in which fresh water can be supplied is limited, and it is impossible to supply fresh water to the required area. Also, since the steam pressure of the water vapor generated from seawater was relatively small due to the use of the generator steam not having a high temperature, it was difficult to use it for power generation.

Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem [8] Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a system capable of desalination of seawater by heat exchange with superheated fluid formed by heating using pressurized and solar heat, The problem of environmental pollution and safety of the power generation and desalination system used is solved and the problem of the irregularity of fresh water production due to the change in the amount of sunshine and the difficulty of producing fresh water due to the conventional solar water desalination technology is solved.

According to an aspect of the present invention, in a power generation and desalination plant using seawater in a marine facility including a ship,

A solar heat storage unit that pressurizes the fluid to form a superheated fluid by heating it with solar heat; And

And a fresh water producing unit for producing fresh water by condensing the discharged steam to produce electricity by steam generated by heat exchange with the superheated fluid, and a seawater solar power generation and desalination system for marine equipment, / RTI >

The solar heat storage unit includes a pressurizing pump for increasing a pressure of a fluid to be supplied, a solar heater connected to the pressurizing pump and absorbing solar heat to form the superheating fluid by heating the fluid, And a hot water tank for storing the hot water.

The solar heat storage unit may include a motor drive valve provided in a flow path connecting the hot water tank and the fresh water producing unit to regulate the circulation of the superheated fluid and a motor drive valve provided at a position higher than the pressure pump, And may further include a pressurizing facility for raising the introduction pressure.

The pressurization facility includes a pressurizing tank capable of storing the fluid and a check valve provided in a flow path connecting the high temperature water tank and the pressurizing facility to prevent the fluid from flowing back to the hot water tank can do.

The pressurization facility may further include a vacuum breaker for preventing a vacuum state that may be formed when the fluid in the pressurization facility container is discharged.

The power generation and desalination production unit includes an evaporation tank in which water vapor is formed by heat exchange between the supplied seawater and the superheated fluid, a turbine generator that receives the steam from the evaporation tank and generates electric power, And a condenser in which water vapor is cooled to produce fresh water.

The power generation and fresh water production unit may further include a coil-shaped pipe installed in the evaporation tank and circulatingly flowing the superheated fluid so as to perform heat exchange with the seawater.

The power generation and desalination production unit may further include a salinity sensor for sensing the salinity of the seawater in the evaporation tank and a discharge pump for discharging the seawater to the outside of the evaporation tank when the concentration of the seawater exceeds a set concentration.

Wherein the power generating and freshwater producing unit further comprises a fresh water tank in which fresh water generated in the condenser is stored and a cooling pipe installed inside the condenser to circulate the seawater, And the seawater heated by the heat exchange operation can be supplied to the evaporation tank.

The fluid may be selected from the group comprising water and seawater.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating and desalinating water using seawater in a marine facility including a ship,

1) pressurizing the fluid and heating it with solar heat to form a superheated fluid;

2) evaporating seawater by heat exchange with the superheated fluid to generate steam;

3) supplying the water vapor to the turbine to produce electric power; And

And 4) condensing the steam to produce fresh water.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating and desalinating water using seawater,

Wherein the water is heated by solar heat to form and store a superheated fluid, and when the solar heat is not available, the seawater is heat-exchanged with the superheated fluid to generate steam, and then the discharged steam is condensed to produce fresh water. The facility provides sea water solar power generation and desalination methods.

The superheated fluid can be formed by increasing the boiling point by pressing the fluid with the principle of position head and pumping.

The present invention provides a seawater generating and desalination system capable of evaporating seawater as a superheated fluid formed by heating using pressurized and solar heat, thereby solving environmental pollution and safety problems of fossil fuel and nuclear power generation and desalination systems, By using the superheated fluid for seawater desalination, it is possible to solve the problem that irregular production of fresh water or difficulty in production of fresh water due to the change of the amount of sunshine in the conventional solar water desalination technology.

In addition, the present invention is equipped with such a power generation and desalination system in a maritime equipments including a ship, so that power and fresh water can be supplied timely to an area where power and fresh water supply are required.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a conventional seawater desalination system of a multi-stage system.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a solar water heating and desalination system for a marine facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In order to fully understand the present invention, operational advantages of the present invention, and objects achieved by the practice of the present invention, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a solar water heating and desalination system for a marine facility according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the seawater solar power generation and desalination system for marine equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention is a power generation and desalination system using seawater in a marine facility including a ship, A power generating and freshwater producing unit 200 for producing electric power by steam generated by evaporating seawater and heat exchange with the superheated fluid and condensing the discharged steam to produce fresh water, .

The superheated fluid described in this embodiment is used as a concept including a superheated gas and a superheated liquid. Here, superheated liquid refers to a liquid that maintains a liquid state without being vaporized even when the temperature reaches a boiling point or more as the external pressure rises.

This is based on the following principle.

Boyle-Charles' Law defines Bohr's law that the gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume when the temperature is constant, and Charles's law that the volume of the gas is proportional to the increase in temperature when the pressure is constant And the relationship between temperature, pressure, and volume at the same time.

This is expressed by the following equation.

In the above equation, k is constant.

Therefore, in order to satisfy the above equation, it can be seen that when the pressure rises, the corresponding temperature must also rise.

The boiling point of the liquid is the temperature at which the internal pressure of the gas and the external pressure become the same when the liquid evaporates. Applying this to the above equation, it is concluded that the boiling point of the liquid should rise when the external pressure rises.

The present invention utilizes the boiling point ascending principle by such a pressure rise. That is, the pressure is raised through the pressurizing pump 110 to raise the boiling point of the fluid. The fluid is heated by the solar heat to form a superheated fluid heated to the original boiling point or more and then heat-exchanged with the seawater to generate steam. Desalinate.

The solar heat storage unit 100 includes a pressurizing pump 110 for increasing the pressure of the supplied fluid, a solar heater 120 connected to the pressurization pump 110 and absorbing solar heat to form a superheated fluid by heating the fluid, And a high temperature water tank 130 for storing the superheated fluid formed in the solar heaters 120.

The system may include a flow path and a valve that can be supplied to the power generation and fresh water production section 200 by bypassing the high temperature water tank 130 and the superheated fluid formed in the solar heaters 120.

The installation of the high-temperature water tank 130 makes it possible to stably supply the superheated fluid to produce fresh water even in a situation where it is difficult to form a superheated fluid by using solar heat, for example, when the amount of sunshine such as nighttime or rainy season is insufficient.

The solar heat storage unit 100 includes a motor drive valve 140 provided in a flow path connecting the high temperature water tank 130 and the fresh water production unit to regulate the circulation of the superheated fluid, And a pressurization facility 150 for increasing the introduction pressure of the fluid introduced into the pressurization pump 110.

The pressurization facility 150 is provided in a flow passage connecting the high temperature water tank 130 and the pressurization facility 150 to prevent the fluid from flowing back to the hot water tank 130. [ (Not shown).

The pressurization facility 150 may further include a vacuum breaker (not shown) for preventing a vacuum state that may be formed when the fluid in the pressurization tank 151 escapes.

The position head refers to the potential energy of the fluid, that is, the position energy. That is, in this embodiment, the pressure tank 151 is disposed higher than the pressure pump 110, so that the fluid stored in the pressurizing tank 151 has a potential energy according to the height, and through the potential energy of the storage fluid, 110) of the fluid can be referred to as a position head head.

The pressurizing effect due to the position head may vary depending on the installation height of the pressurization facility. Therefore, the installation height and the facility scale of the pressurization tank 151 can be selected in consideration of the system size and the pressurizing effect due to the position head.

The temperature of the hot water formed through the solar heat storage unit of the present invention is, for example, 225.56 kgf / cm 2 and 374.15 캜 when the introduced fluid is water, so that the theoretical temperature may exceed 100 캜 and up to 370 캜.

Preferably, for heat exchange with seawater, assuming at least 110 ° C of hot water, the saturation pressure of the vapor at 110 ° C is 1.465 kgf / cm ² And it is about 14.65m when it is represented by the water head. This value subtracts the head value at 10.33 m at atmospheric pressure, which is about 4.32 m, so that the position of the upper part of the fluid in the pressurization facility is calculated to be 4 m or more.

The maximum value of the upper position of the fluid is 214.69 kgf / cm ² at 370 ° C near the critical point, which is 2146.9 m at the head. In reality, it is difficult to install the pressurization equipment at a height of 2 km. Assuming that the height of a marine facility such as a ship is 30 to 110 m, and assuming that the head is about 100 m and the saturated vapor pressure is 10 kgf / cm ² , And the saturation temperature at this time is about 180 ° C, which can be used as a sufficient heat source for seawater evaporation.

However, if it is difficult to achieve such a height, the pressurizing effect according to the position head can be compensated by increasing the discharge pressure of the pressurizing pump 110 or increasing the pressure inside the pressurizing tank 151.

In conclusion, the position of the pressurization facility in theory may be designed to be about 4m to 100m above the suction side of the pump (about 50cm from the ground) to 2.1km, but preferably the upper position of the hot water inside the pressurization facility.

The pressurizing tank 151 may be filled with fluid, air, fluid and steam, fluid, and pressurizing gas so as to have a position head.

The pressurizing gas may be an inert or non-explosive gas such as nitrogen, helium, or the like.

The pressurizing tank 151 not only can increase the introduction pressure of the fluid introduced into the pressurizing pump 110 by the position head, but also absorbs a certain portion of the fluid when the fluid is introduced into the pump and surging occurs in the flow path It is possible to prevent damages to the piping, the pump, and other devices.

Here, the pulsation phenomenon is a phenomenon in which the pump is in a state in which it sighs during operation, and the discharge flow rate changes while the instructions of the suction and discharge vacuum and pressure gauges shake, that is, to be. The pulsation phenomenon is a phenomenon that causes automatic vibration when the characteristics of the pump, the moment of inertia of the rotating body, the resistance of the rotating body, and the inertia of the nutrient solution in the pipeline are combined. This causes the pump not to operate smoothly, In some cases.

The present embodiment can absorb such a pulsating phenomenon to a certain extent, thereby preventing damage to the system.

In addition, the present embodiment can prevent cavitation of the pump by adopting the pressurization facility.

Cavitation means that when there is a low pressure in a fluid, the gas contained in the fluid escapes from the fluid and collects at a low pressure point, thereby creating an empty space without fluid.

In order to prevent such cavitation, the suction head of the fluid in the pump must be smaller than the effective suction head. The pressurization system can suppress the cavitation by increasing the effective suction head of the pump.

In addition, when the pressure is lower than the vapor pressure, the liquid is vaporized or the air that has been melted becomes air bubbles, so that cavitation occurs. Since the pressurizing device also acts to increase the saturated vapor pressure, this also suppresses cavitation.

On the other hand, the present embodiment can reduce the capacity and the operation of the pressurizing pump 110 by having the pressure effect by the position head by introducing the pressurizing facility, so that the power consumption due to the installation and operation of the pressurizing pump 110 can be reduced have.

The power generation and desalination production unit 200 includes an evaporation tank 210 in which water vapor is formed by heat exchange between the supplied seawater and the superheated fluid, a turbine generator 220 for generating electricity by receiving steam from the evaporation tank 210, And a condenser 230 for cooling water vapor discharged from the turbine generator 220 to generate fresh water.

Since the superheated fluid heated by the solar heating by pressurizing by the position head and the pumping is in a considerably high temperature state as described above, the steam generated by the heat exchange with the superheated fluid has a sufficient vapor pressure. Thus, unlike conventional desalination plants, where the vapor pressure of water vapor is low, it is possible to produce power through turbine generator 220 with steam with sufficient vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of the formed water vapor may vary depending on such factors as the temperature and flow rate of the superheating fluid, the amount of seawater supplied to the evaporation tank 210, and the like. Therefore, the vapor pressure of the water vapor having the vapor pressure for driving the turbine generator 220 Can be formed.

The power generation and desalination production unit 200 may further include a coil-shaped pipe 240 disposed inside the evaporation tank 210 and through which the superheated fluid circulates to allow heat exchange with seawater.

In the evaporation tank 210, the superheated fluid circulates through the coil-shaped pipe 240 and evaporates through heat exchange with seawater to form a steam. The formed steam flows along the flow path from the top of the evaporation tank 210 to the turbine generator 220, And drives the turbine generator 220 to generate electric power. After driving the turbine generator 220, steam enters the condensation tank and is cooled and condensed in the condensation tank to produce fresh water.

The power generation and desalination production unit 200 further includes a salinity sensor 250 for sensing the salinity of the seawater in the evaporation tank 210 and a drain pump (not shown) for discharging the seawater to the outside of the evaporation tank 210 .

As the steam is generated by the heat exchange with the superheated fluid, the salinity of the introduced seawater gradually increases and eventually the salt is formed. These salt crystals may cause malfunctioning of the equipment, so they must be properly removed or prevented from forming salt crystals in advance. Therefore, the present embodiment detects the salinity of the seawater in the evaporation tank 210 through the salinity sensor 250, and discharges the concentrated saline to the outside of the tank when the concentration exceeds a certain level.

The power generation and desalination production unit 200 further includes a fresh water tank 260 in which fresh water generated in the condenser 230 is stored and a cooling pipe 270 installed in the condenser 230 to circulate the seawater, The condensed water 230 can be supplied to the evaporation tank 210 through the cooling pipe 270 and heated by heat exchange with water vapor.

Cooling seawater circulates through the cooling pipe 270 provided in the condensing tank and is cooled and condensed by heat exchange with water vapor introduced into the condensing tank to produce fresh water. The cooling seawater heated by the heat exchange is supplied to the evaporation tank 210 ) And used as seawater for freshwater production. Since the seawater used as the cooling water is heated to about 30 ° C through heat exchange, it is possible to effectively generate water vapor by supplying it to the evaporation tank 210, thereby enabling more efficient system operation.

The fluid may be selected from the group comprising water and seawater.

If a fluid having a high molybdenum concentration such as seawater is selected, the boiling point of the fluid is increased, so that a superheated fluid can be formed more effectively.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating and desalinating water using seawater in a marine facility including a ship,

1) pressurizing the fluid and heating it with solar heat to form a superheated fluid;

2) evaporating seawater by heat exchange with the superheating fluid to generate steam;

3) supplying water vapor to the turbine to produce electric power; And

4) a method of producing solar water for desalination and desalination for a marine facility, comprising the step of condensing water vapor to produce fresh water.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a seawater solar power generation and desalination method for marine facilities is a method for generating and desalinating seawater by heating a fluid with solar heat to form and store a superheated fluid, The seawater is heat-exchanged with the superheated fluid to generate steam, and then the discharged steam is condensed to produce fresh water.

The superheated fluid can be formed by increasing the boiling point by pressing the fluid with the position head principle and pumping.

This embodiment provides an environmentally friendly and safe electric power generation system that does not use fossil fuel or nuclear power by providing a seawater solar power generation and desalination system for a marine facility that utilizes superheated fluid formed by heating using pressurized and solar heat for seawater evaporation, It is possible to solve environmental pollution problems such as greenhouse gas generation and nuclear waste generation and facility safety problems of conventional seawater desalination apparatus utilizing steam of steam.

In addition, since it uses solar heat, there is no additional fuel or energy use cost, which is economical.

By storing the superheated fluid using solar heat, it can be used for seawater power generation and desalination in the rainy season or in the winter when the amount of sunshine is insufficient, so that power and fresh water can be produced stably regardless of the season or the amount of sunshine.

In addition, the present invention has such a power generation and desalination system in a maritime equipments including a ship, thereby making it easy to take in necessary seawater to the system, It is possible to supply power and fresh water in a timely manner.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, such modifications or variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

100: Solar heat storage part
110: pressure pump
120: solar heater
130: High temperature water tank
140: motor drive valve
150: Pressurization equipment
151: Pressurizing tank
152: Check valve
200: Power and freshwater production
210: Evaporation tank
220: Turbine generator
230:
240: coil type pipe
250: Salinity sensor
260: fresh water tank
270: cooling pipe

Claims (13)

For power generation and desalination plants using sea water in marine facilities including ships,
A solar heat storage unit that pressurizes the fluid to form a superheated fluid by heating it with solar heat; And
A power generating and fresh water producing unit for generating electric power from steam generated by heat exchange of seawater with the superheated fluid, and condensing the discharged steam to produce fresh water,
The solar heat-
A pressurizing pump for increasing the pressure of the supplied fluid;
A solar heater connected to the pressurizing pump and absorbing solar heat to form the superheated fluid by heating the fluid; And
And a high temperature water tank for storing the superheated fluid formed in the solar heaters,
The power generation and desalination production unit includes:
An evaporation tank in which water vapor is formed by heat exchange between the supplied seawater and the superheating fluid;
A turbine generator that receives the steam from the evaporation tank and generates electric power; And
And a condenser for cooling the steam discharged from the turbine generator to generate fresh water,
Wherein the water vapor is generated not by direct evaporation of seawater by solar heat but by heat exchange action between the superheated fluid circulated through a coiled pipe installed in the evaporation tank and the seawater. And a desalination system. delete [2] The solar battery module according to claim 1,
A motor drive valve provided in a flow path connecting the high temperature water tank and the fresh water production unit to regulate the circulation of the superheated fluid; And
Further comprising a pressurization facility provided above the pressurization pump to raise the introduction pressure of the fluid introduced into the pressurization pump on the principle of the position head. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the pressurization facility
A pressurized tank through which the fluid can be stored; And
And a check valve provided in a flow path connecting the high temperature water tank and the pressurization facility to prevent the fluid from flowing back to the high temperature water tank. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the pressurization facility
Further comprising a vacuum breaker for blocking a vacuum condition that may be formed when fluid in the pressurization facility vessel escapes. delete delete The power generating and freshwater producing system according to claim 1,
A salinity sensor for sensing the salinity of the seawater in the evaporation tank; And
And a discharge pump for discharging the seawater to the outside of the evaporation tank when the seawater reaches a predetermined concentration or more. The power generating and freshwater producing system according to claim 1,
A fresh water tank in which fresh water generated in the condenser is stored; And
And a cooling pipe installed inside the condenser for circulating the seawater. The seawater heated by heat exchange with the steam flowing through the cooling pipe in the condenser is supplied to the evaporation tank Seawater solar power generation and desalination system for marine facilities. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the fluid is selected from the group comprising water and seawater. In the method of generating and desalinating sea water using marine equipments including marine vessels,
1) pressurizing the fluid using a pressurizing pump and heating the fluid using a solar heater to form a superheated fluid;
2) generating seawater by evaporating seawater by heat exchange action with the superheated fluid circulating through the coil-shaped pipe installed in the evaporation tank;
3) supplying the water vapor to the turbine generator to produce electric power; And
4) condensing the water vapor discharged from the turbine generator in a condenser to produce fresh water,
Wherein the water vapor is generated not by direct evaporation of seawater by solar heat but by heat exchange action between the superheated fluid circulated through a coiled pipe installed in the evaporation tank and the seawater. And a desalination method. 12. The method of claim 11,
The superheating fluid formed using the pressurizing pump and the solar heaters is stored in a hot water tank,
The superheated fluid stored in the high temperature water tank is supplied to the coiled pipe in the evaporation tank and heat generated by heat exchange with seawater is exchanged with the superheated fluid, Wherein the water vapor is condensed to produce fresh water. delete

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