KR101579004B1 - The power generation system using solar energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a power generation system using solar heat and, more specifically, relates to a power generation system using solar heat which uses solar heat as a heat source to convert thermal energy into electric energy to produce electricity and perform heating. The power generation system using solar heat comprises: a heat collector to heat a first fluid by solar heat; a heat exchanger wherein the first fluid heated by the heat collector, and a second fluid exchanges heat with each other; an auxiliary boiler connected to the heat exchanger in parallel to heat the first fluid; a storage tank in which the first fluid circulating through the heat exchanger and the auxiliary boiler is filled; a first pump to forcibly supply the first fluid discharged to the storage tank to the heat collector; an expander to use thermal energy of the second fluid heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger to rotate a shaft of a generator; a condenser to cool the second fluid passing through the expander; and a second pump to forcibly supply the cooled second fluid to the heat exchanger.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar power generation system,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar thermal power generation system, and more particularly, to a solar thermal power generation system that converts electricity from solar heat to electric energy as a heat source to perform electricity generation and heating.

In recent years, the world has been dependent on limited resources such as electricity, gas, and oil, resulting in a shortage of energy supply. On the other hand, the price of oil continues to rise, The problem of environmental pollution has been raised very seriously due to the increase of greenhouse gas and so on. In order to prevent global warming, the effort to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) as much as possible has been accelerated.

Accordingly, attention has been focused on the development of alternative energy using sunlight, solar energy, wind power, and tidal energy, which can be used indefinitely in an environmentally friendly environment without causing environmental pollution. In particular, The development of devices for producing heat energy necessary for hot water and heating as well as production of electric energy for home and industry using solar heat is actively being developed.

In particular, among renewable energy, solar energy is the most abundant energy resource on the planet, and research for the production of solar energy heating, cooling and electric energy is actively being carried out.

There are two ways of generating electric energy by using solar energy, namely, a method using solar light (solar light) and a method using solar heat (solar heat).

Solar cell, which is one of the most commonly used methods of using dual solar cells, is mainly made of a silicon material, and uses a photoelectric effect in the wavelength range of visible light It has the principle of generating electricity. The solar cell using Si (silicon) material absorbs only the wavelength range from 0.4 ㎛ to 1.1 ㎛, and research results have been reported. Such a wavelength range is mainly a visible light band and a higher power generation effect can be expected There is a problem that the absorption efficiency is very low in the infrared region. More specifically, the solar cell using the silicon material not only has low absorption efficiency of sunlight in the infrared wavelength range, but also increases the surface temperature of the solar cell, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency. In other words, in the daytime of the summer when the sunlight is very strong, the sunlight is strong and the light intensity is high, but the solar cell surface temperature rises and the power generation efficiency is lowered.

In addition, various materials other than silicon (Si) are used as the material of the solar cell, and the wavelength region where absorption of each material is well absorbed has a problem. However, the problem is that each material has its own absorption wavelength region, It is very difficult to use at the same time.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-2011-0008503 is presented as an example of a method of generating electricity using solar heat. The present invention relates to a solar thermal power generation system, and more particularly, to a solar thermal power generation system, which includes a solar heat collecting device for collecting solar heat, a heating medium vaporizing device installed in the solar heat collecting device for vaporizing a heating medium using solar heat collected by the solar heat collecting device, A turbine rotating by a high-pressure heating medium vaporized by the heating medium vaporizer, a power generator for generating electricity by using the rotational force of the turbine, and a cooling fan connected to the turbine, And a retracting device for supplying again.

However, the above-mentioned patent discloses that electricity generation efficiency is low due to production of electricity by directly using the thermal energy and the pressure energy of the heat medium which is the energy source.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a solar power generation system capable of efficiently generating electricity by installing an inflator in a cycle of heating a first fluid using solar heat as a heat source and circulating a second fluid through heat exchange therewith .

In addition, by producing electricity using the first cycle in which the first fluid circulates and the second cycle in which the second fluid as the organic refrigerant is used as a working fluid, good operation conditions can be obtained and durability and reliability, System.

Further, the present invention is intended to provide a more stable solar power generation system by operating the first fluid by the buffer tank in a state where the temperature is formed at a predetermined temperature or higher.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a solar thermal power generation system having a thermal storage tank for storing hot water includes a collector for heating a first fluid by solar heat, a buffer tank for temporarily storing the heated first fluid, A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the first fluid and the hot water of the heat storage tank to raise the temperature of the hot water when the first fluid in the buffer tank is below a preset temperature, A first pump for forcedly charging the first fluid to the buffer tank when the temperature of the first fluid in the buffer tank is higher than a predetermined temperature, An evaporator, an inflator for rotating the shaft of the generator by using heat energy of the second fluid heat-exchanged by the evaporator, a second fluid passing through the inflator The compressors and the cooled second fluid and a second pump to force the heat exchanger input. The boiler may further include a boiler connected to the buffer tank and heating the first fluid when the temperature of the first fluid in the buffer tank falls below 5 ° C.

According to one embodiment, the buffer tank includes a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the first fluid and a control means for controlling the flow of the first fluid in accordance with the measured temperature of the first fluid.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the condenser, the hot water of the heat storage tank and the second fluid heat each other to heat the hot water.

According to an embodiment, the collector uses a CPC type collector, and the temperature of the first fluid is adjusted according to a light collecting ratio of the collector in an operating temperature range of 80 to 200 ° C.

According to one embodiment, the inflator uses a scroll-type inflator and has an output capacity of 1 to 5 kW.

According to one embodiment, the first fluid is a heat medium oil.

According to one embodiment, the second fluid is an organic refrigerant.

According to an embodiment, solar energy is converted into electric energy by driving the generator by the second fluid introduced into the inflator.

According to one embodiment, hot water stored in the heat storage tank provides a heating source for heating, and electricity is generated in the generator.

With this configuration, the first fluid can be heated by using solar heat as a heat source, and the inflator can be installed in a cycle for circulating the second fluid through the heat exchange, thereby efficiently producing electricity. Further, by producing electricity using the primary cycle in which the first fluid circulates and the secondary cycle in which the second fluid as the organic refrigerant is used as a working fluid, good operating conditions can be obtained and durability and reliability can be ensured. Further, by operating the first fluid in a state where the temperature is set to a predetermined temperature or more by the buffer tank, the power generation system can be driven more stably.

As described above, according to the embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently produce electricity by installing the inflator in the cycle of heating the first fluid using solar heat as a heat source and circulating the second fluid through its heat exchange .

Further, by producing electricity using the primary cycle in which the first fluid circulates and the secondary cycle in which the second fluid as the organic refrigerant is used as a working fluid, good operating conditions can be obtained and durability and reliability can be ensured.

Further, by operating the first fluid in a state where the temperature is set to a predetermined temperature or more by the buffer tank, the power generation system can be driven more stably.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a solar power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing the addition of a boiler to a solar thermal power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3A to 3B are block diagrams illustrating a circulation cycle of a first fluid and a second fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is an explanatory view for explaining the operation principle of the inflator according to the embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a state diagram illustrating an example in which a solar power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a house.

Hereinafter, the solar power generation system according to the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a solar thermal power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a boiler added to a solar thermal power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 4 is a view illustrating a principle of operation of an inflator according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG.

1 to 4, the solar power generation system 1 transfers heat energy obtained by using solar heat as a heat source from the first fluid to the second fluid through the heat exchanger 120, To convert it into kinetic energy by using thermal energy, and to produce electricity. Here, the solar thermal power generation system 1 forms two closed circuits, in which a first cycle in which a first fluid circulates and a thermal energy is transferred, and a second cycle in which a second fluid circulates through thermal energy transferred from the first fluid, Cycle (ORC: Organic Rankine Cycle).

More specifically, a solar thermal power generation system 1 having a heat storage tank 50 for storing hot water includes a collector for heating a first fluid by solar heat, a buffer tank 30 for temporarily storing the heated first fluid, A heat exchanger 120 for exchanging heat between the first fluid and the hot water of the heat storage tank 50 to raise the temperature of the hot water when the first fluid in the buffer tank 30 is below a preset temperature, A first pump for forcibly charging the first fluid discharged from the buffer 120 to the collector, a second pump for discharging the heated first fluid and the second fluid when the temperature of the first fluid in the buffer tank 30 is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, (20) for rotating the shaft of the generator (80) by using heat energy of the second fluid heat-exchanged by the evaporator (20) 70, the inflator 70, A condenser 90 for cooling the second fluid, and a second pump 110 for forcing the cooled second fluid to the heat exchanger 120. The boiler 40 may further include a boiler 40 connected to the buffer tank 30 to heat the first fluid artificially when the temperature of the first fluid in the buffer tank 30 drops below 5 ° C .

In other words, the power generation system for generating electricity by using solar heat as a heat source comprises two closed circuits. The primary cycle, which is one closed circuit, includes a collector, in which water or heat medium oil as a first fluid circulates, a buffer tank 30, The second cycle of the second cycle is constituted by the evaporator 20, the expander 70, the condenser 90, the receiver 120, the first pump 60, (100) and a second pump (110). Here, the second cycle is an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), which can produce electricity using an organic refrigerant having a low evaporation temperature.

Hereinafter, the construction of the solar thermal power generation system 1 will be described in more detail.

First, in the first cycle, the collector includes a light collecting portion formed with a flow path through which the first fluid circulates, and a reflector reflecting sunlight to concentrate solar heat on the flow path of the light collecting portion, A plurality of modules are formed. In particular, the collector is a means for heating the first fluid in the first cycle, and the first fluid can be heated to high temperature by solar heat while circulating in the collector. Here, the first fluid may be water or a heat medium oil.

A CPC type collector is used as the collector, and the temperature of the first fluid can be controlled according to the condensing ratio of the collector at an operating temperature range of 80 ° C to 200 ° C.

Particularly, the high-temperature first fluid heated by the collector flows into the buffer tank 30. When the temperature of the first fluid in the buffer tank 30 is equal to or higher than the preset temperature, the first fluid flows into the evaporator 20, The heat exchanger 120 may be connected to the heat exchanger. Here, the first fluid supplied to the evaporator 20 performs heat exchange with the second fluid, and the heat-exchanged second fluid can be heated to about 100 ° C to 150 ° C.

For example, when the first fluid is supplied to the evaporator 20 in a state in which the first fluid is not heated to the preset temperature due to a lack of solar heat as in the winter, a sufficient heat quantity condition is not formed, Can cause a heavy load. The first fluid heats the hot water in the heat storage tank 50 through the heat exchanger 120 until the temperature of the first fluid reaches the preset temperature in the buffer tank 30, Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > collector. ≪ / RTI >

Further, when the heating demand increases and it is necessary to increase the temperature of the hot water in the heat accumulation tank 50, the temperature of the first fluid can be raised by heating the first fluid using the boiler 40. [ Therefore, by using the boiler 40, the temperature of the first oil in the buffer tank 30 can be raised to heat the second fluid, or the hot water in the heat storage tank 50 can be heated.

In addition, in a modified embodiment, the boiler 40 is connected to the buffer tank 30, and when the boiler 40 is operated for heating in the winter, the first fluid heated by the boiler 40 flows into the buffer tank 30, And is supplied to the heat source of the evaporator 20 to perform an auxiliary function of raising the temperature of the second fluid. Therefore, when the temperature of the second fluid rises, the power generation efficiency of the generator 80 can also be improved.

The temperature of the first fluid after the heat exchange with the second fluid in the evaporator 20 is lowered to about 40 ° C to 80 ° C. The temperature of the first fluid is shifted to the heat exchanger 120 and heat-exchanged with the hot water of the heat storage tank 50, And then re-introduced to the collector by the first pump 60, and the first cycle is repeatedly circulated. Here, the heat storage tank 50 is connected to a heating pipe, and the hot water filled in the heat storage tank 50 can be circulated through the heating pipe and used as the heating of the house.

In summary, the first cycle heats the first fluid through the collector, the heated first fluid is temporarily stored in the buffer tank 30, and when the temperature of the first fluid is below the predetermined temperature, the heat exchanger 120 The first fluid is introduced into the collector by the first pump 60 and then reheated by the collector. When the first fluid in the buffer tank 30 is higher than the preset temperature, the first fluid flows into the evaporator 20 and the evaporator 20 performs heat exchange with the second fluid to raise the temperature of the second fluid. have.

Meanwhile, in the second cycle, the first fluid heated in the collector and the second fluid having undergone heat exchange in the evaporator 20 are introduced into the expander 70 in the high-temperature steam state, and the pressure of the expander 70 rotate to rotate the drive shaft of the generator 80 connected to the inflator 70 to generate electricity. Here, the second fluid may use an organic refrigerant.

The expander 70 is divided into a turbo type and a volumetric type. The turbo type inflator 70 is mainly suitable for a large capacity. The volumetric type inflator 70 is a reciprocating type, a rotary type, a scroll type, An expander (70) is used, and an output capacity is 1 to 5 kW.

Here, the operating principle of the scoop expander 70 is as follows.

The second fluid of high pressure enters the inlet formed at the center of the fixed scroll, and as the gas expands, the orbiting scroll revolves and gradually moves to the outer periphery so that the end of the outer periphery is finally opened and discharged to the discharge port. The revolving motion of the revolving scroll caused by this process is transmitted from the crankshaft, and a shaft force is generated.

 The scroll inflator (70) includes a frame having a space formed inside thereof and a shaft hole formed at a rear side thereof, a first helical blade fixed to the front surface of the frame and extending from the center to a peripheral portion, And a second helical wing extending from the center portion to the outer periphery and engaging with the first helical wing of the fixed scroll is formed on the front surface of the fixed scroll. The orbiting scroll is provided with a support groove formed at a rear center thereof to continuously compress the second fluid introduced from the center portion by pivoting in a space between the fixed scroll and the fixed scroll. And a rotary shaft rotatably installed in the shaft hole of the frame, A balance weight provided on a rotary shaft portion of the crankshaft so as to balance the crankshaft when the crankshaft rotates; And a rear cover closing a rear end portion of the rear cover.

Accordingly, when the second fluid flows through the inlet 73, the scroll expander 70 having such a structure is guided along the first helical wing of the fixed scroll and discharged to the discharge port. At this time, And the second fluid introduced from the center portion is continuously compressed, the orbiting scroll is pivoted.

As a result, the eccentric shaft portion of the crankshaft located in the support groove of the orbiting scroll rotates, and the rotary shaft integrally connected to the eccentric shaft portion rotates in one direction at the predetermined position. The generator 80 is driven in accordance with the rotation of the rotary shaft of the crankshaft, and electricity can be generated through the driven generator 80.

Meanwhile, the second fluid passing through the scroll expander 70 flows into the condenser 90 at a temperature lowered to about 40 ° C to 80 ° C, is condensed through heat exchange using cooling water, and is collected in the receiver 100, And can be reintroduced into the evaporator 20 by driving the pump 110.

At this time, by driving the second pump 110, a certain pressure is applied to forcibly circulate the second fluid, and the pressure of the second fluid is reduced through the scroll inflator 70.

On the other hand, hot water having increased in temperature after performing the heat exchange with the second fluid flows into the heat storage tank 50, and the hot water stored in the heat storage tank 50 is supplied to the heating pipe, The hot water whose temperature has been lowered can be returned to the condenser 90 after passing through the cooler 91.

5 is a state diagram illustrating an example in which a solar thermal power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a house.

5, the solar thermal power generation system 1 includes a solar collector 10 installed on the roof of the house 200, and supplies the necessary electricity, heating, or domestic hot water in the house 200 through the solar collector.

At this time, the solar power generation system 1 is not limited to the house for which the use is independent, and it is also possible to provide a large number of collectors 10 on the wall or roof of the apartment to supply part or all of the necessary heat to the entire apartment, It is possible to bundle the heat generated from the roofs of these houses (200) into one place and then make a large electric production or heating.

1, a buffer tank 30, a boiler 40, a heat exchanger 120, a heat storage tank 50, a first pump (not shown) The generator 80 is connected to the power generation system 1 according to the present invention including the evaporator 20, the inflator 70, the condenser 90, the receiver 100, and the second pump 110, So that the electric power can be efficiently produced and the electric power can be supplied to the electric appliance such as the hot winder 210, the air conditioner 220, the lamp 230, the refrigerator 240, the TV 250, It can be used for driving.

The hot water of the heat storage tank 50 is connected to a heating pipe for heating in the house 200 in addition to performing heat exchange with the second fluid through the condenser 20, Can be provided.

Accordingly, hot water generated in the heat storage tank can be supplied to the bathtub 260, the shower 270, and the hot air fan 210 in the house 200 and used.

In other words, by driving the generator 80 by the second fluid introduced into the inflator 70 by the solar power generation system 1 provided in the house 200, the solar energy is converted into electric energy, And can be used inside the housing 200. In addition, the solar power generation system 1 provides a heating source for heating the first fluid of the heat accumulation tank 50 or the cooling water of the condenser 90 to the house 200 and generates electricity at the generator 80 And can be used in the house 200.

With this configuration, the first fluid can be heated by using solar heat as a heat source, and the inflator can be installed in a cycle for circulating the second fluid through the heat exchange, thereby efficiently producing electricity. Further, by producing electricity using the primary cycle in which the first fluid circulates and the secondary cycle in which the second fluid as the organic refrigerant is used as a working fluid, good operating conditions can be obtained and durability and reliability can be ensured. Further, by operating the first fluid in a state where the temperature is set to a predetermined temperature or more by the buffer tank, the power generation system can be driven more stably.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made thereto by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. Therefore, the spirit of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the above-described embodiments, and all of the equivalents or equivalents of the claims, as well as the following claims, are included in the scope of the present invention.

1: solar power generation system 70: inflator
10: Collector 80: Generator
20: Evaporator 90: Condenser
30: buffer tank 91: cooler
40: boiler 100: receiver
50: heat storage tank 110: second pump
60: First pump 120: Heat exchanger

Claims (10)

1. A solar power generation system having a heat storage tank for storing hot water,
A collector for heating the first fluid by solar heat;
A buffer tank for temporarily storing the heated first fluid;
A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the first fluid and the hot water of the heat storage tank to raise the temperature of the hot water when the first fluid in the buffer tank is below a preset temperature;
A first pump for forcing the first fluid discharged from the heat exchanger into the collector;
An evaporator for performing heat exchange between the heated first fluid and the second fluid to raise the temperature of the second fluid when the temperature of the first fluid in the buffer tank is equal to or higher than a preset temperature;
An inflator for rotating the shaft of the generator using thermal energy of the second fluid heat-exchanged by the evaporator;
A condenser for cooling the second fluid through the inflator; And
A second pump for forcing the cooled second fluid into the heat exchanger;
≪ / RTI >
The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising a boiler connected to the buffer tank for artificially heating the first fluid when the temperature of the first fluid in the buffer tank falls below 5 ° C.
The method according to claim 1,
The buffer tank
A temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the first fluid; And
Control means for controlling the flow of the first fluid in accordance with the measured temperature of the first fluid;
≪ / RTI >
The method according to claim 1,
And the hot water of the heat storage tank is heat-exchanged with the second fluid and the hot water in the condenser.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the collector uses a CPC type collector and controls the temperature of the first fluid according to a light collection ratio of the collector in an operating temperature range of 80 to 200 ° C.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the inflator uses a scroll type inflator and has an output capacity of 1 to 5 kW.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first fluid is a heat medium oil.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the second fluid is an organic refrigerant.
The method according to claim 1,
And the solar energy is converted into electric energy by driving the generator by the second fluid introduced into the inflator.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the hot water stored in the heat storage tank provides a heat source for heating and generates electricity in the generator.

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