KR101560257B1 - A Wave Dissipating Block and an Installation Method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to provide a wave dissipating block and an installation method for a wave dissipating block using the same. As stated above, to achieve this, the present invention provides the wave dissipating block and an installation method for a wave dissipating block using the same. The wave dissipating block comprises: a central portion; a first angular portion formed in an end portion of one side of the central portion; and a second angular portion formed in an end portion of the other side of the central portion.

Description

A sofa block and a mounting method thereof,

More particularly, the present invention relates to a sofa block and a method for mounting the sofa block, and more particularly, to a sofa block and a method of mounting the same, A sofa block including two legs and two single angles adjacent to each other, wherein the leg and the single angle are disposed at opposite positions with respect to the leg angle and the single angle position of the first leg, And then mounting the sofa block from top to bottom along the slope.

 A sofa block is a block made of concrete mainly for the purpose of dispersing or dissipating the energy of the wave, and receiving a large wave of a breakwater or a revetment for the purpose of reducing the reflected wave.

In the conventional sofa block, four horn-shaped tetrapods were used most frequently, and dolos, sealock and the like which modified tetrapods were recently used. In particular, the tetrapods are covered with a single layer or a plurality of layers on the slope of the breakwaters, or a plurality of blocks are densely formed when a coastal erosion structure such as a submerged structure is built to form a single structure. The breakwaters or stream bottoms formed by laminating tetrapods disperse or dissipate the wave energy due to the gap space between adjacent tetrapods, the rugged shape of the tetrapod itself, and their intertwining.

The sofa block should have sufficient stability against wave power, sufficient structural strength against external force or self weight, easy to install and use, and adequate porosity when laminated to attenuate wave energy. Are required.

On the other hand, there are two-layer covering type and embossing type for mounting the sofa block, and the two-layer covering type includes an upright covering type and an inclined type covering type. For the hardening type, There is a cloth type.

The embankment type is not easy because it is easy to implement porosity and it is easy to install and easy to construct, but it is seen that huge concrete structures are piled up on the public.

On the other hand, the two-layer covering type is advantageous in that the sofa block is arranged squarely so that a large concrete structure, a sofa block is arranged, does not hurt the aesthetics of the surroundings. However, whenever a sofa block of tens of tons is mounted one by one, (Angle), which is difficult to construct.

Regardless of the shape of the sofa block, it has been very difficult to align the sofa blocks in the initial work, since the conventional sofa block structure can only be laid out from the bottom of the sea to the ceiling along the slope. In other words, in order to align the sofa blocks on the sea floor, many workers should go down to the seabed and arrange the sofa blocks in the correct position. This is because the work itself is difficult because it depends on the proficiency of the workers on the sea floor, The risk of safety accidents at the seabed is very high.

 On the other hand, recently, it takes a great deal of time to dispose of fly ash or coal ash such as bottom ash, and slag remaining after separating metals such as iron from iron ore.

Fly ash is divided into fly ash, bottom ash and ash ash, depending on where it is collected after burning. Bottom ash is adhered to the wall, superheater, reheater, etc. and collected by hopper under the boiler by self weight. After being water-cooled in a hopper, it is crushed to a diameter of 1 to 2.5 mm by a crusher installed in the lower part of the hopper and is transferred to a crushing plant. This bottom ash occupies about 10 to 20% of the total amount of fly ash, and about 1/4 of fly ash is generated. However, it is difficult to recycle as compared with fly ash, and research on recycling is insufficient. And it is necessary to take measures for recycling.

Recycling of coal ash is one of the key elements of sustainable construction technology because it can expect effects such as environmental conservation, energy saving and greenhouse gas reduction in addition to economic effect. In order to utilize national resources effectively, 'saving resources and recycling The Act on the Promotion of the Industrial Revitalization Act was amended to encourage the recycling of industrial byproducts actively.

Table 1 below shows the area of recycling of bottom ash. Approximately 20.2% of the total ash was recycled as cement additives, precast concrete aggregate and aggregate, and 60.3% of them were reclaimed.

Recycling field of bottom ash Generation
(Thousand tons) Recycled (thousand tons) Landfill, etc. Cement raw material Remicon aggregate Etc sub Total 1,510 100 (6.6%) - 456 (30.2%) 42 (2.8%) 598 (39.6%) 912 (60.4%)

Therefore, it is urgent to find out the use field of the bottom ash.

Published Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-91642 Published Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-91645 Patent Registration No. 761966 Patent Registration No. 1259947

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a sofa block structure and a sofa block mounting method using the sofa block structure, .

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to an elevator (10) having a radius of r and extending in the longitudinal direction by d; A first corner portion 20 formed at one end of the east portion and extending radially outwardly from the east portion on a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the east portion; And a second corner portion (30) formed at the other end of the east portion and extending radially outwardly from the east portion on a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the east portion, wherein the first corner portion 22 are formed by two adjacent short legs 21 and 22 and two short sides 23 and 24 which are adjacent to each other and the center between the two short legs 21 and 22 and between the two short ends 23 and 24 And the second angular portion 30 is formed by two adjacent short legs 31 and 32 and two short angles 33 and 34 adjacent to each other And the central axes between the two shorting angles (31, 32) and the two shorting angles (33, 34) coincide with each other in the directions opposite to each other with respect to the central axis of the east portion, The two legs (21, 22) and the two legs (31, 32) of the second leg part (30) And the two single angles 23 and 24 of the first corner portion 20 and the two single angles 33 and 34 of the second corner portion 30 extend outwardly in opposite directions with respect to the east portion, The lengths of the two legs 21 and 22 of the first leg portion 20 coincide with each other and the lengths of the two short legs 33 and 34 of the second leg portion 30 coincide with each other, The two short legs 21 and 22 of the first leg part 20 and the two short legs 33 and 34 of the second leg part 30 are simultaneously placed on the horizontal plane and the first leg part 20 And the lengths of the two legs 31 and 32 of the second corner portion 30 are equal to each other so that when the sofa block is laid down, 20 of the second angle portion 30 and the two short angle portions 31, 32 of the second angle portion 30 are all placed on the horizontal plane at the same time.
The short angle (21, 22, 31, 32) has an inclination angle with an angle a in the shape of a basic ray with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the short axis, Wherein the base block has an inclination angle at an angle of b in the shape of a base line with respect to the center weight and satisfies the following expression.

r ₃ + r ₄ + R ₃ + R ₄ ? d? 2.5 (R ₃ + R ₄ ) (Expression 8)

w ₃ ? w ₄ + r ... (Equation 10)

(Where r ₃ is the radius of the arm end, r ₄ is the radius of the single-ended end, R ₃ is the radius of the lock center, R ₄ is the radius of the center of the single angle, w ₃ is the radius of the single- in the center of the width of the outside to the silique, w ₄ is the width of the lying down and with closed couch block from the center to the periphery of the Eastern dangak)

Further, in the present invention, when the sofa block is laid down, a distance (h ₄ + e ₄ - r) provides a sofa block satisfying the following equation:

0.8 h _O ≤ h ₄ + e ₄ - r ≤ 1.2 h _O ... (11) where h _o is the height of the end of the legs (21, 22 or 31, 32) placed on the floor from the floor when the sofa block is laid down, h4 is the height of the single angle when the sofa block is laid down E4 is the eccentricity from the center of the eastern portion to the center of the single angle 33,34 or 23,24, and is a single angle from the center of the eastern portion 33,34 Or 23, 24) is positive and the direction of the legs (31, 32 or 21, 22) is - and r is the radius of the east)

In another aspect, the present invention the height (h ₃ + e ₃₎ and dangak the height from the bottom surface center of the east-mounted (h ₄ + e at the bottom side with silique is raised with closed lying down and the couch block center of the ET ₄ ) provides a sofa block satisfying the following equation.

0? (H ₃ + e ₃ - h ₄ - e ₄ ) / (R ₃ + R ₄ + d)? tan 30? (Expression 12)

(However, where d is the length of the extension in the east direction, R ₃ is silique (31, 32 or 21, 22) radially of the center, R ₄ is dangak (23,24 or 33,34) of the central radius, h ₃ is the center of the lying down and with closed sofa silique block (31, 32 or 21, 22) the height from the bottom side with two raised to the center of the two silique, silique e ₃ are (31, 32 or 21, 22) at the center of the ET 32, or 21, 22 in the center of the east portion is positive and the direction of the single angle 33, 34, or 23, 24 is -)

In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the second angle portion (31, 32) or the first angle portion (33, 34) or both the long angle portion and the short angle portion (31, Wherein the sofa block is formed on an inclined plane inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the east portion so as to prevent interference with the upper or lower sofa block in the slope between the slopes or between the slopes and the sea floor.

Further, the present invention provides a sofa block characterized in that the bottom ash is substituted into the concrete constituting the sofa block within a range of 10 to 40% of the natural aggregate.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is a method for mounting a sofa block on a ceiling section, comprising the steps of: orienting a first corner part (20) toward a ceiling; facing a second corner part (30) 22 and 31 of the adjacent two sofa blocks so that the single angle 23 and 24 and the second angle portion 31 and 32 of the second corner portion are mounted on the ceiling face 8, 32) are adjacent to each other; And a step of mounting a sofa block at a position between neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row n, the step of mounting the sofa blocks at opposite legs 31, 32 of the lower two neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row, And mounting the sofa blocks in a line so that the single angles (23, 24) on the top of the sofa blocks to be placed on the bottom row (n + 1) are spread.

The sofa blocks that are mounted on the ceiling section can be a deformed sofa block in which the single angles 33 and 34 of the second corner portion 30 are formed in a direction away from the east portion on a plane inclined obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the east portion.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a breakwater as a breakwater having first and second intermediate cover blocks (50, 60) coated on a slope and then mounted on the sofa block, the first intermediate cover block (50) And a lower end stop protrusion 62 is formed at the lower end of the second intermediate cover block 60. The intermediate cover block coated on the slope has a first end The intermediate covering block 50 and the second intermediate covering block 60 are alternately covered and the first intermediate covering block 50 and the second intermediate covering block 60 are staggered to each other in the left and right direction, The sofa blocks are formed such that the first angles 23 and 24 of the first corner portion and the first and second leg portions 31 and 32 of the first corner portion are in contact with each other in a state in which the first corner portion 20 faces the ceiling and the second corner portion 30 faces the seabed, (31, 32) of the second corner portion is supported by the supporting jaws (62, 52) of the intermediate covering block The.

The first and second intermediate cover blocks 50 and 60 are formed with projections 53 and 63 at four vertexes of the rectangular flat plates 51 and 61, respectively. The four corner portions The depressions 54, 55, 64 and 65 are formed so that the protrusions and depressions of the upper and lower intermediate covering blocks can be engaged with each other.

According to the present invention, since the sofa block can be initially aligned by starting the mounting on the ceiling section, the operation is very easy.

According to the present invention, when the lower row is to be mounted, the upper leg of the sofa block to be mounted on the lower portion is merely aligned on the lower leg of the sofa block mounted on the upper row.

Further, according to the present invention, since the sofa block can be mounted without any orientation alignment, the mounting operation is very easy.

Further, according to the present invention, in the production of a sofa block, the bottom ash is used, and the bottom ash is recycled without being simply discarded to have effects such as environmental preservation, energy saving and greenhouse gas reduction, A sofa block having a higher compressive strength than concrete using only natural aggregate can be produced.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG.

1 is a perspective view of a sofa block according to the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a front view showing a sofa block of the present invention laid on a ground; Fig.
Figure 3 is a top view of the sofa block of Figure 2,
Fig. 4 is a right side view of the sofa block of Fig. 2,
5 is a view showing the geometric shape of the legs of the sofa block of the present invention,
6 is a diagram showing a geometrical shape of a single angle of a sofa block of the present invention,
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a sofa block of the present invention mounted on a slope and a ceiling section, FIG.
8 is a side view of Fig. 7,
9 is a diagram showing a geometrical relationship between neighboring sofa blocks in a stationary state,
Fig. 10 is a plan view of a modified sofa block placed on a ceiling section, Fig.
Fig. 11 is a plan view of a deformed sofa block placed on the sea floor, and Fig.
Figures 12-14 illustrate intermediate cladding blocks that lie on the slopes of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, It is provided to inform.

2 is a plan view of the sofa block of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a front view of the sofa block of Fig. 2, Fig. Fig. 6 is a view showing a geometrical shape of a single angle of a sofa block of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a side view of a sofa block according to the present invention. Fig. Fig. 8 is a side view of Fig. 7, Fig. 9 is a diagram showing a geometrical relationship between neighboring sofa blocks in a stationary state, Fig. 10 is a plan view of a sofa block placed on a ceiling section, Fig. And Fig. 11 is a plan view of a modified sofa block placed on the sea floor.

1 to 6, a sofa block according to the present invention has an east portion 10 having a radius r and extending by d in the longitudinal direction, a flat portion 10 formed on one side end portion of the east portion and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the east portion And includes a first corner portion 20 extending outwardly and a second corner portion 30 formed at the other end of the east portion and extending outwardly on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the east portion.

The first angular portion 20 includes two mutually adjacent two set angles 21 and 22 and two first angular portions 23 and 24 and the second angular portion 30 has two mutually adjacent lock angles 31 and 32 ) And two single angles (33, 34).

The two short legs 21 and 22 and the two short legs 31 and 32 are positioned opposite to each other with respect to the eastern part and the two short legs 23 and 24 and the two short legs 33 and 34, Are located in opposite directions with respect to the eastern part.

The legs 21, 22, 31 and 32 have the same length (l ₃ ) (the distance from the common center of the adjacent two legs to the end of the leg), and the single angles 23, 24, 33, (l ₄ , the distance from the common center of the two single angles to the end of the arm) are equal to each other.

The angle 2j between the two legs 21, 22 or 31, 32 is about 110 degrees and the angle 2k between the two shorts 23, 24 or 33, 34 is about 82 degrees.

Here, the two armatures 21, 22 of the first corner portion 20 and the two single angles 33, 34 of the second corner portion 30 are aligned so as to be placed on the horizontal plane together. More intuitively, the two legs 21 and 22 and the two legs 31 and 32 are located opposite to each other with respect to the eastern part, and the two single angles 23 and 24 and the two single angles & The ends of the two legs 21 and 22 of the first leg 20 and the two ends of the two legs 33 and 34 of the second leg 30, The ends of the two armatures 21 and 22 of the first corner portion 20 and the ends of the two short sides 33 and 34 of the second corner portion 30 are designed to be located on substantially the same plane, The sofa block can be mounted on a horizontal plane. Likewise, the two shorting angles 23 and 24 of the first corner portion 20 and the two shorting angles 31 and 32 of the second corner portion 30 are aligned so as to be placed on the horizontal plane.

Thus, the sofa block shown in Figs. 1 to 6 is constructed so that the two armatures 21, 22 of the first corner portion 20 and the two single angles 33, 34 of the second corner portion 30 are placed together on the horizontal plane And the two shorting angles 23 and 24 of the first corner portion 20 and the two shorting angles 31 and 32 of the second corner portion 30 are placed on the horizontal plane together.

5 and 6, the legs 21, 22, 31, and 32 and the single angles 23, 24, 33, and 34 of the first angle portion 20 and the second angle portion 30 extend from the base end portion And the cross-sectional area gradually becomes narrower toward the distal end portion of the optical fiber. More specifically, the grooves 21, 22, 31 and 32 are in the form of a truncated cone (more precisely an arctic truncated pyramid) having an inclination angle a with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the trestle. Further, the single angles 23, 24, 33, 34 are in the form of truncated cones (more strictly apical truncated pyramids) having an inclination angle b with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the single angle. The angles a and b of the tilt angle can be applied within a range commonly applied in the art of sofa block.
The legs 21, 22 and 31, 32 are formed in such a manner that the central axes of the two adjacent legs extend outwardly at an angle of 2j (about 110 degrees) to each other, and the single angles 23, 24 and 33, ) Are formed in such a shape that the central axes of the two single short sides adjacent to each other extend outward at an angle of 2k (about 90 占 with respect to each other).

And, as shown in Fig. 4, the two long legs of one end of the eastern portion are arranged so as to be placed on the horizon plane together with two short angles of the other end of the eastern portion.

The eastern part (10), the long angle and the short angle are angled so as to form a regular octagonal section so that the sofa effect is enhanced and the end is tapered to strengthen the strength.

7 to 9, the sofa block of the present invention is characterized in that the sofa block is mounted from the ceiling section 8, and then moved downward along the slope toward the underside surface 9.

That is, when aligning the direction of one sofa block, as shown in the drawing, the end portion on which the single angle is placed is directed toward the ceiling, and the end portion on the ground surface is aligned with the direction of the sofa block , So that the sofa blocks are mounted in a row on the ceiling section (8). At this time, the end portions of the facing legs of the neighboring sofa blocks are adjacent to each other so as to abut each other. As shown in FIGS. 8 to 9, the sofa block in the uppermost row thus mounted is stably mounted on a horizontal ceiling section, so that the position of the sofa block can be stably maintained .

Next, a sofa block is mounted again on the lower part of the upper row (n). When the lower row (n + 1) is mounted, a sofa block is placed between the neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row, and the lower rows of the two sofa blocks facing the lower row So that the two single angles 23 and 24 at the top of the sofa block to be laid can be straddled as shown. That is, the top end angle (23) of the sofa block of the lower row is struck on the lower stitch angle (32) of the sofa block on the left side among the neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row, and the lower stitch angle (31) The upper arm 24 of the sofa block in the lower row is worn. This mounting form is also such that the upper portion of the upper portion 10 of the sofa block of the lower row is disposed on the upper end of the lower set angle 31,32 of the two neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row, The two rows (n, n + 1) that are adjacent to each other in the up and down directions have an effect of firmly and tightly interlocking each other.

The upper legs 21 and 22 on the upper side of the sofa block of the lower row n + 1 respectively press the lower side row 10 of the adjacent sofa block of the upper row n, (The right side single angle 34 of the left sofa block and the left single angle 33 of the right sofa block) where the upper and lower legs 21 and 22 of the sofa block are located at the lower ends of the neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row n, (N, n + 1) that are adjacent to each other in the upward and downward directions are firmly and tightly intertwined with each other.

In this order, when the sofa block is mounted on the slope, the sofa block is mounted on the slope when one or two rows of sofa blocks are further mounted on the bottom surface contacting the slope.

As shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, the covered slope supports both the ground surface and the single angle as shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 8, and the ground angle and the single angle are both exposed at the upper portion, so that the slope has a porosity suitable for attenuating the blue energy. In addition, the sofa block itself is in a form that is easy to handle and easy to install, and it is possible to reduce the number of times of filling to 1/2 of that of the conventional tetrapod by having the same effect as mounting two existing tetrapods.

The structure of the sofa block according to the present invention as described above enables tight and organic mounting at slope portions, a section of a ceiling portion and a portion of a bottom surface where roughness is maintained, but the boundary between a ceiling section and a slope, Some interference may occur at the bottom of the ocean floor (of course, it is possible to adjust the length of the eastern part a little longer so that there is no such interference).

Accordingly, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the single angle 33, 34 of the second corner portion 30 formed at the other end is formed on a plane inclined obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction, It is also possible to further include a deformable sofa block arranged in a direction away from the moving part.

Therefore, only sofa blocks (section i in Fig. 7) of the ceiling section contacting the sections of the ceiling section 8 to the slope section 9 where the mounting angle of the ground changes are used, 31, 32) are placed on the floor surface of the cross section facing the slope, even if the above-described mounting structure is applied, it is possible to mount without interference.

In addition, only sofa blocks (sub-part ii in Fig. 7) of the sea floor contacting with the slope 9 → ground surface 7 where the angle of the ground changes are used, and as shown in Fig. 11, (33, 34) are placed on the ground surface of the slope facing the sea floor, even if the above-described mounting structure is applied, it is possible to mount without interference.

Alternatively, a deformed sofa block may be used, which is not shown, but is disposed in a direction away from the leg portion of the second leg portion. The single angle of the second corner part is closer to the eastern part, as well as the sofa block arranged in the direction of approaching the long corner of the second corner part, the sofa block arranged in the direction of approaching the single corner of the second corner part, It is a matter of course that a sofa block arranged in a direction away from the first corner can be used. This can be determined by the mounting position of the deformed sofa block and the like. However, in consideration of the shape of a mold or the like, it is preferable not to arrange the long and short angles in the direction of approaching the eastern part.

Of course, using a variety of methods, such as increasing the length of the eastern part, or gradually breaking the boundary angle between the ceiling section and the slope, or the boundary angle between the slope and the sea floor, You do not have to.

According to the sofa block of the present invention, due to the structural feature, the sofa blocks are sequentially mounted from the upper part to the lower part, and the lower sofa block is mounted on the already mounted sofa block to complete the breakwater coating by the sofa block do.

Such a sofa block of the present invention can be applied to both upright and inclining agents, and does not exclude that the sole block is sparsely coated.

However, in order that the sofa block of the present invention can be mounted in the manner as described above, the following conditions must be met geometrically. These conditions will be described below with reference to Figs. 2, 5, 6, and 9. Fig.

First, the meaning of the reference numerals in the drawings is as follows.

O: Center of the East

d: Length of eastern part

r: radius of eastern

R ₃ : Radius of the center of the arm

r ₃ : Radius of the cutting edge

R ₄ : Radius of center of single angle

r ₄ : Radius of the single end

l ₃ : Length of the legs

l ₄ : length of single angle

a: The inclination angle

b: Single angle inclination angle

h ₃ : Height from the bottom surface of the arm to the center of the arm when the sofa block is laid down

h ₄ : Height from the floor of the single angle to the center of the two single angles when the sofa block is laid down

h _O : Height of the end of the leg when the sofa block is laid down

w ₃ : When the sofa block is laid down, the width from the center of the eastern part to the outermost part of the leg

w ₄ : When the sofa block is laid down, the width from the center of the eastern part to the outer edge of the single-

j: 1/2 of the angle between two legs

k: 1/2 of the angle between two single angles

e ₃ : Eccentricity from the center of the eastern part to the center of the armature (the direction from the center of the eastern part to the sagittal direction is +, and the direction from the center of the eastern part to the single-

e ₄ : Eccentricity from the center of the east to the center of the single angle (the direction of the single angle from the center of the east is +, and the direction of the arc is from the center of the east).

In the present invention, since the two long legs and two short legs having different angles are formed on one plane at the end of the eastern part, the center of the two long legs and the two short angles is made to coincide with the center of the eastern part, The center of the two single angles can be made slightly eccentric.

However, it is desirable that -0.2 r ≤ e ₃ and e ₄ ≤ 0.5 r be used because eccentricity is excessively overlapped or (-) distance may weaken the connecting portion between the corner and the east.

Referring to FIG. 5, the geometrical relationship that can be confirmed from the leg angle of the sofa block according to the present invention is as follows.

h ₃ = l ₃ cos j + r ₃ sin j ... (Equation 1)

R ₃ = r ₃ + l ₃ tan a ... (Equation 2)

w ₃ = l ₃ sin j + r ₃ cos j ... (Equation 3)

h _O = 2 r ₃ sin j ... (Equation 4)

Referring now to FIG. 6, geometrical relationships that can be identified in a single angle of a sofa block according to the present invention are as follows.

h ₄ = l ₄ cos k + r ₄ sin k ... (Equation 5)

R ₄ = r ₄ + l ₄ tan b ... (Equation 6)

w ₄ = l ₄ sin k + r ₄ cos k ... (Equation 7)

For example j may be a 55˚, k is 41˚, e is 0 _3, e ₄ may be -0.05r.

Referring to FIG. 9, in order to make the sofa block of the lower row to spread over the sofa block of the upper row as in the present invention, the length d of the same portion 10 must satisfy the following equation, the first corner of the lower row n + 2 and the first corner of the lower row n + 2 can be disposed between the first corner portion and the upper second corner portion of the upper row n + 1.

r ₃ + r ₄ + R ₃ + R ₄ d

However, if the length of the tongue portion 10 is too long, the sofa block is excessively covered and the sofa effect is deteriorated. Further, in the case of the present invention, it is preferable to place some margins because the upper and lower columns may interfere with each other when the smoothness of the breakwater-coated surface is poor, or at the boundary between the ceiling section, slope and sea floor. In view of this point, the length d of the east portion is preferably smaller than 2.5 (R ₃ + R ₄ ). However, if the above-mentioned deformed sofa block is used, the length (d) of the east portion may be equal to or smaller than 2 (R ₃ + R ₄ ) so that the upper and lower sofa blocks are closely intertwined with each other and the sofa effect is also high.

r ₃ + r ₄ + R ₃ + R ₄ ? d? 2.5 (R ₃ + R ₄ ) (Expression 8)

r ₃ + r ₄ + R ₃ + R ₄ ? d? 2 (R ₃ + R ₄ ) (Equation 9)

9, the single angles 23 and 24 formed at the upper end of the sofa block of the lower row must be interposed between the eastern portions of the two neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row without interference. Therefore, the width (w ₃ ) from the center of the eastern portion of the sofa block to the outermost portion of the shoulder must satisfy the following condition on the assumption that the ends of the two adjacent sofa blocks meet each other.

w ₃ = w ₄ + r

Theoretically, this means that the upper legs of the sofa block of the lower row fit snugly between the eastern portions of the neighboring two sofa blocks of the upper row with the ends of the lower legs of the two sofa blocks in contact with each other, The single angles 23 and 24 of the sofa block of the lower row can be interposed without interference between the eastern portions of the two neighboring sofa blocks of the upper row if the following condition is satisfied.

w ₃ ? w ₄ + r ... (Equation 10)

Next, the length of dangak (l ₄₎ is too short, the lower column dangak difficult to across the top of heat silique. Therefore, in order for the single angle of the lower row to stably spread over the angle of the upper row, it is necessary to secure a certain length of the single angle. For this, the distance ET is spaced from the bottom surface in Fig. 6 (h ₄ + e ₄ - r) is substantially equal to the height (h ₀ ) of the end of the rectangular section in Fig. 5 (h ₄ + e ₄ - r = h _O ). Of course, in FIG. 2, c may be an angle greater than 90 degrees, for example 96 degrees, but this would have been formed on a plane substantially perpendicular to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the east portion, (It could have been formed on a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the eastern portion, to the extent that it gave a slight degree of angular change to naturally match the shape of the grooves and single angles).

0.8 h _O ≤ h ₄ + e ₄ - r? 1.2 h _O ... (Expression 11)

That is, h ₄ + E ₄ - If r is less than 0.8 h _O can not be reliably guaranteed over luggage, h ₄ If + e ₄ - r is larger than 1.2 h _O , w ₄ becomes too large, so the sofa block is covered with too much elasticity and the sofa effect is reduced.

In the present invention, two neighboring armatures and two neighboring single angles are formed at both ends of the east portion, so that four legs can stand with respect to the bottom surface as shown in FIG. However, according to the sofa block mounting structure of the present invention, the corner portions 20 and 30 are formed at both ends, and the weight of the corner portion formed at one end portion of the sofa block occupies a negligible level in the load of the sofa block. It is impossible to exclude the possibility that the sofa block is overturned when the angular portion is positioned on the upper side of the slope and the second corner portion is positioned on the lower side of the slope.

Therefore, in the present invention, the height from the bottom surface with closed lying down and the couch block to the bottom of the Eastern center (h ₃ + e ₃₎ is equal to the height (h ₄ + e ₄₎ to the center of the upper end of the Eastern from the bottom surface, or The longitudinal direction of the east portion may be horizontal with respect to the bottom surface, or may be inclined to some extent and the lower end portion may be higher. However, since the lower end portion becomes too high and the inclination of the eastern portion becomes worsened, it may become rather unstable. Therefore, in the present invention, the inclination of the eastern portion is prevented from becoming excessive. This can be expressed as

0? (H ₃ + e ₃ - h ₄ - e ₄ ) / (R ₃ + R ₄ + d)? tan 30? (Expression 12)

According to this condition, even if the inclination angle (?) Of the slope is large, the sofa block can be stably mounted according to the condition.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, the intermediate covering block provided on the slope may be formed in a more specific form so that the sofa block which is sequentially mounted from the ceiling section to the sea floor through the slope surface can be more stably mounted.

Figures 12-14 illustrate intermediate cladding blocks that lie on the slopes of the present invention.

12 and 13, the first and second intermediate cover blocks 50 and 60 according to the present invention have projections 53 and 63 formed at four vertex portions of the rectangular plate portions 51 and 61, respectively, And depressed portions 54, 55, 64 and 65 are formed at four corners (side portions between the vertexes).

Therefore, when the intermediate coating block is coated on the oblique surface as shown in FIG. 14, the first intermediate cover block 50 and the second intermediate cover block 60 are alternately covered in the vertical direction, When the block 50 and the second intermediate covering block 60 are staggered one after the other, one middle covering block of the upper layer is supported by two intermediate covering blocks lower than the middle covering block, The load is distributed and supported.

As shown in the figure, a top end stop protrusion 52 is formed at an upper end of the first intermediate cover block 50 with respect to the surface of the flat plate portion. At the lower end of the second intermediate cover block 60, And a lower end supporting step 62 is formed upwardly with respect to the sub-surface.

14, the bottom supporting step 62 and the top supporting step 52 come into contact with each other at the boundary where the upper layer is the second intermediate covering block 60 and the lower layer is the first intermediate covering block 50, The load of the sofa block supported by the lower end stop 62 of the second intermediate cover block 60 is supported by the lower end stop 62 and the two upper end stops 52 which are staggered half- do.

According to this structure, since the load of the sofa block placed on the upper part of the intermediate covering block is uniformly dispersed in the intermediate covering block, the sofa block can be supported with a very stable structure.

In this method of mounting the intermediate covering block and the sofa block, first, a rough block (not shown) is mounted on the bottom of the sea floor, and as shown in FIG. 14, The first intermediate cover block 50 and the second intermediate cover block 60 are staggered one after the other in the left-right direction while alternately covering the intermediate cover block 50 and the second intermediate cover block 60.

After the slope has been covered in this manner, it is mounted on the ceiling section covering block, if necessary.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the end portion of the single column is laid down on the ground and the end portion of the long column is laid on the floor while aligning the direction of the sofa block, The sofa block is divided into two sections by a slope from the ceiling section to the bottom of the sea floor so that the two shorting angles 23 and 24 at the upper end of the sofa block to be placed on the lower row can be spread on the lower side of the two adjacent sofa blocks, From the bottom to the bottom. At this time, the two legs 31 and 32 at the lower end of the sofa block are supported by the lower supporting step 62 and the supporting load is dispersed by the two upper supporting steps 52 contacting the lower end of the lower supporting step 62 It is evenly supported. On the other hand, a sofa block mounted on the boundary between the ceiling section and the slope and at the boundary between the slope and the sea floor can use a deformed sofa block.

On the other hand, the use of fine aggregate as a bottom ash is more useful in unfilled concrete such as a sofa block. In the case of bottom ash, seawater is used to cool the heat and move to the landfill. Chlorine ions present in the bottom ash have a special property to destroy the passive film of the rebar even in the high alkali state. This problem is caused by the formation of water-soluble iron-chlorine complexes, which cause precipitation of porous rust and reactivate chlorine ions to cause continuous attack. However, since the sofa block does not have reinforcing bars inside it, there is no need for secondary processing to clean the bottom ash, and it can be applied directly through the classification of a simple sieve.

The results of the particle size analysis of the bottom ash are shown in Table 2. As can be seen, it is understood that the fine particles having a diameter of 0.6 mm or less are contained in a large amount and thus are not suitable for the standard particle size.

Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the use of the bottom ash by itself because it affects the physical properties of the unhardened concrete due to the presence of a large amount of fine particles. In the present invention, a method of mixing bottom ash with natural aggregate was adopted, and the particle size of fine aggregate mixed with 10~50% of bottom ash was evaluated. As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that up to 40% of the bottom ash substitution is satisfied with the standard particle size. However, when the bottom ash is replaced by 50% or more, the amount of 0.3 to 0.15 mm sieve is too large to satisfy the standard particle size and it is preferable not to use 50% or more of bottom ash. Particularly, when fine aggregate which does not satisfy the standard granularity is used, it affects the fluidity of the unhardened concrete, and as a result, it acts as a factor to increase the unit water quantity, and the increase of the unit water quantity leads to a decrease in the compressive strength of the concrete. shall.

As a result of the sieve test of the fine aggregate according to the bottom ash substitution ratio division Body Passing Rate (%) 10 mm 5 mm 2.5 mm 1.2 mm 0.6 mm 0.3 mm 0.15 mm Natural fine aggregate 100 99.9 91.1 67.4 35.7 18.5 7.5 Bottom ash 100 99.4 82.5 57.9 43.1 25.6 15.0 Bottom ash replacement 10% 100 99.8 89.2 64.5 38.0 20.9 8.0 Bottom ash replacement of 20% 100 99.9 88.5 64.0 39.0 21.4 8.5 Bottom ash replacement 30% 100 99.8 88.4 62.8 39.1 21.7 9.5 Bottom ash replacement 40% 100 99.8 88.2 61.1 39.8 23.0 10.0 50% replacement of bottom ash 100 99.8 85.3 60.1 41.8 26.1 13.7 Standard particle size range of fine aggregate 100 95-100 80-100 50 to 85 25 to 60 10 to 30 2 to 10

In this embodiment, the concrete is blended with fine aggregate having a bottom ash content up to 50% of the fine aggregate, and the compressive strength of each concrete is shown in Table 3 below.

The concrete mixtures containing PL and B ash were changed to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, respectively, by BA10, BA20, BA30, BA40 and BA50.

In the preliminary experiment before this example, when the water cement ratio was fixed and the replacement ratio of bottom ash was increased, the unfragrant concrete using fine aggregate having a bottom ash replacement ratio of 30% or more showed a remarkable decrease in fluidity, thereby completely losing workability. Therefore, as shown in Table 3, when the bottom ash is used in place of the fine aggregate, the water cement ratio inevitably increases in order to secure the same workability.

Concrete formulation (1st stage experiment) division Slump
(Mm) Air
(%) W / C
(%) S / a
(%) Unit amount (Kg / m3) W C G Fine aggregate Admixture (g) S BA AD AE PL 100 ± 20 4.5 ±
1.5 42.0 44.4 171.0
407
954.5 768.5 0 3256 85.5 BA10 43.5 177.0 934.0 676.5 60.5 3256 407.1 BA20 44.5 181.0 928.5 597.5 120.5 3256 451.5 BA30 45.5 185.0 922.5 519.5 180.0 3256 489.0 BA40 47.0 191.5 896.0 432.5 233.0 3256 533.5 BA50 49.0 199.5 878.5 353.5 285.5 3256 586.0

However, the water cement ratio of concrete acts as a factor to reduce the compressive strength. This effect can be confirmed by Table 4 showing the compressive strength of concrete according to the ages and becomes clearer as the substitution ratio of bottom ash increases.

The compressive strength at 3 and 7 days in the early age shows that the compressive strength decreases as the bottom ash replacement ratio increases. On the other hand, the compressive strength after 28 days was increased again by the pozzolanic reaction of bottom ash, and the concrete using fine aggregate with 10 to 40% substitution ratio of bottom ash showed better strength than concrete using only natural fine aggregate. In addition, when the bottom ash is replaced by 50% or more, it is difficult to expect the strength recovery by the pozzolanic reaction. This is because the amount of the bottom ash which is physically lower than that of the natural fine aggregate and has the characteristic of porosity increases, And the long-term strength enhancement effect by the reaction is canceled. Therefore, in the present invention, the replacement ratio of bottom ash used in concrete is limited to a range of 10 to 40%.

Compressive Strength of Concrete (1st Stage) division Compressive strength [MPa] 3 days 7 days 28th 91 days 180 days PL 27.0 39.3 44.9 47.1 50.1 BA10 26.3 39.0 42.2 52.6 60.8 BA20 25.3 34.1 41.9 55.2 64.9 BA30 24.9 32.0 40.8 58.1 67.8 BA40 22.7 28.1 39.9 47.5 62.6 BA50 20.8 25.5 36.8 45.4 49.7

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It is obvious that it can be done. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the effects of the present invention are not explicitly described and described, but it is needless to say that the effects that can be predicted by the configurations should also be recognized.

10: Eastern
20: First leg
21 and 22:
23,24: Single angle
30: 2nd leg
31,32: Struts
33,34: Single angle
50: first intermediate cover block
60: Second intermediate coat flock
51, 61:
52: upper base jaw
62: lower support jaw
53, 63:
54, 64: upper depression
55, 65: Lower depression
7: Sea floor
8:
9: Slope

Claims (10)

(10);
A first corner portion 20 formed at one end of the east portion and extending radially outwardly from the east portion on a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the east portion; And
A second corner portion (30) formed at the other end of the east portion and extending radially outwardly from the east portion on a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the east portion,
The first angular portion 20 is composed of two adjacent first and second short angles 21 and 22 and two short angles 23 and 24 adjacent to each other. The first angular portion 20 has a central axis between two long angles 21 and 22, The central axis between the first and second leg portions 23 and 24 coincides with each other in the direction opposite to the center axis of the east portion, and the second corner portion 30 includes two adjacent legs 31 and 32, (33, 34), and the center axis between the two shorting angles (31, 32) and the center axis between the two shortening angles (33, 34) coincide with each other with respect to the center axis of the east portion,
The two armatures 21 and 22 of the first angle part 20 and the two armature angles 31 and 32 of the second angle part 30 extend outward in opposite directions to each other with respect to the eastern part, The two single angles 23 and 24 of the second angle portion 20 and the two single angles 33 and 34 of the second angle portion 30 extend outwardly in opposite directions to each other with respect to the eastern portion,
The lengths of the two legs 21 and 22 of the first corner part 20 are identical to each other and the lengths of the two shortcomings 33 and 34 of the second corner part 30 are coincident with each other, The two first angle portions 21 and 22 of the first angle portion 20 and the two first angle portions 33 and 34 of the second angle portion 30 are simultaneously placed on the horizontal plane, And the lengths of the two short legs 31 and 32 of the second leg portion 30 coincide with each other so that when the sofa block is laid down, ) Of the second angle portion (30, 30) are both placed on the horizontal plane at the same time.
The method according to claim 1,
The earthen portion 10 has a radius r and extends in the longitudinal direction by d,
(21, 22, 31, 32) has an angle of inclination at an angle a in the shape of a base line with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the leg, and the single angle (23, 24, 33, 34) And has an inclination angle at an angle of b in the shape of a base line with respect to an axis,
Wherein the following expression is satisfied.
r ₃ + r ₄ + R ₃ + R ₄ ? d? 2.5 (R ₃ + R ₄ ) (Expression 8)
w ₃ ? w ₄ + r ... (Equation 10)
(Where r ₃ is the radius of the arm end, r ₄ is the radius of the single-ended end, R ₃ is the radius of the lock center, R ₄ is the radius of the center of the single angle, w ₃ is the radius of the single- in the center of the width of the outside to the silique, w ₄ is the width of the lying down and with closed couch block from the center to the periphery of the Eastern dangak)
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein a distance (h ₄ + e ₄ - r) that the east portion is spaced from the floor surface at the floor where the single angle is laid when the sofa block is laid down satisfies the following expression.
0.8 h _O ≤ h ₄ + e ₄ - r ≤ 1.2 h _O ... (11) where h _o is the height of the end of the legs (21, 22 or 31, 32) placed on the floor from the floor when the sofa block is laid down and h ₄ is the height of the single angle (33, 34 or 23 and 24), the height from the bottom side with two raised to the center of the two dangak, e ₄ is dangak (33 in the center of the Eastern as eccentric to the center of dangak (33,34 or 23,24) from the center of the ET , 34, or 23, 24) is positive and the direction of the long axis (31, 32 or 21, 22) is - and r is the radius of the east)
The method according to claim 1,
Height with closed lying down and the couch block from the bottom side with silique the raised center of the east (h ₃ + e ₃₎ and dangak the height from the bottom surface center of the east-mounted (h ₄ + e ₄₎ are the following Wherein the sofa block satisfies the following expression.
0? (H ₃ + e ₃ - h ₄ - e ₄ ) / (R ₃ + R ₄ + d)? tan 30? (Expression 12)
(However, where d is the length of the extension in the east direction, R ₃ is silique (31, 32 or 21, 22) radially of the center, R ₄ is dangak (23,24 or 33,34) of the central radius, h ₃ is the center of the lying down and with closed sofa silique block (31, 32 or 21, 22) the height from the bottom side with two raised to the center of the two silique, silique e ₃ are (31, 32 or 21, 22) at the center of the ET 32, or 21, 22 in the center of the east portion is positive and the direction of the single angle 33, 34, or 23, 24 is -)
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The first and second angular portions 31 and 32 or the first and second angular portions 33 and 34 or the first and second angular portions 31 and 32 and 33 and 34 may be angular change portions Wherein the bottom portion is formed in a plane inclined at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the east portion so as to prevent interference with the upper or lower sofa block.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Wherein the bottom ash is substituted into the concrete constituting the sofa block within a range of 10 to 40% of the natural aggregate.
A method of mounting a sofa block according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The method of claim 1, wherein the first corner portion (20) faces the ceiling, the second corner portion (30) faces the seabed, and the first angle portion (23, 24) and the second angle portion (21, 22, 31, 32) of two neighboring sofa blocks are adjacent to each other so that the sofa blocks (31, 32) are placed on the ceiling section (8); And
A sofa block is mounted on a slope of a top row (n), wherein a sofa block is placed between neighboring sofa blocks of the top row (n) And mounting the sofa blocks in a line so that the single angles (23, 24) at the top of the sofa block to be placed in the column (n + 1) are overlaid.
The method of claim 7,
The sofa block resting on the ceiling section is a deformed sofa block in which the short sides 33 and 34 of the second corner portion 30 are formed in a direction away from the east portion on a plane inclined obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the east portion How to mount a sofa block.
As the breakwaters having covered the sofa block of any one of claims 1 to 4 after covering the slopes of the intermediate covering blocks (50, 60)
A top end stop protrusion 52 is formed on an upper end of the first intermediate cover block 50. A lower end stop protrusion 62 is formed on a lower end of the second intermediate cover block 60,
The intermediate coating block coated on the slope surface is composed of a first intermediate coating block 50 and a second intermediate coating block 60 which are alternately covered in the vertical direction and a first intermediate coating block 50 and a second intermediate coating block 60 in the left- The blocks 60 are staggered one after the other,
The first corner portions 23 and 24 of the first corner portion and the first and second leg portions 31 and 32 of the first corner portion are connected to each other in a state in which the first corner portion 20 faces the ceiling and the second corner portion 30 faces the seabed. Is raised on the end face (8), and the leg angle (31, 32) of the second corner part is supported by the base step (62, 52) of the intermediate covering block.
The method of claim 9,
The first and second intermediate cover blocks 50 and 60 are formed with projections 53 and 63 at four vertexes of the rectangular flat plates 51 and 61, respectively. The four corner portions , The depressions (54, 55, 64, 65) are formed so that the protrusions and depressed portions of the intermediate coating block in the up-and-down direction are engaged with each other.

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