KR101546348B1 - Fixed bed gasfier to high efficiency having tar removal function - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a highly efficient fixed bed gasifier having a tar removal function. More particularly, the present invention provides a gasifier configured integrally with a hopper and a gasification chamber wherein low quality fuels such as biomass, a low quality coal and waste are dried by using a combustion heat generated during a gasification process, and an amount of synthetic gas is increased by pre-heating a gasification agent, and tar generated in a thermal decomposition process is discharged from a thermal decomposition layer of the gasification chamber via a tar suction pipe, and thereafter, the tar is injected to a gasification injection portion along with a gasification agent so as to be eliminated through combustion. In particular, if tar is supplied along with the gasification agent, the tar is combusted first than a fuel in an environment in which a gasification agent is provided sufficiently, and therefore, a tar component is eliminated in a produced synthetic gas. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a fixed bed gasifier capable of preventing a supply line for supplying to a power generator or a power plant from being contaminated with tar.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a high-efficiency fixed bed gasifier having a tar removing function,

The present invention relates to a high-efficiency fixed bed gasifier having a tar removal function, and more particularly, to a gasifier having a hopper and a gasification chamber integrally formed therein. The gasifier includes a biomass, low-grade coal, The drying of the fuel and the gasifying agent are preheated to increase the synthesis gas production rate. The tar generated in the pyrolysis process is discharged from the pyrolysis layer of the gasification chamber through the tar intake pipe, To be removed. In particular, when tar is supplied together with the gasifying agent, tar combustion occurs before the fuel in an environment where the gasifying agent is sufficiently present, so that the tar component is removed from the produced synthesis gas and the supply line supplied to the generator or the generator is contaminated with tar And a gas-liquid separator.

Fossil fuels, such as petroleum and coal, are rapidly emerging due to sudden price fluctuations due to the risk of depletion, weakened credibility of energy use systems, and environmental degradation caused by increasing greenhouse gases. There is a need for the development of energy that can be continuously used without any risk of resource exhaustion and with little concern for the environment, and energy conversion using biomass, low-grade coal and combustible waste is attracting attention as one of such alternative energy sources .

Representative biomass is a term referring to biological organisms including plants and microbes produced by photosynthesis of plants and microorganisms that receive solar energy, and living organisms that live on them. Thus, biomass resources can be divided into starchy resources such as grains and cellulosic resources including woody and agricultural products such as straw and rice husks, sugar-based resources such as sugarcane, sugar beet, and organic wastes such as food waste And has a comprehensive meaning including.

In case of fuel with low energy density among the above biomass, there is a transportation cost problem, and in the waste field, there is a possibility of complaints in transportation and treatment, so it should be handled at the source as much as possible. In other words, it is desirable that the biomass-based power generation system should be installed in a small to medium-sized area, as much as possible, in order to improve efficiency between production energy and transportation cost.

In addition, if biomass uses only the same fuel, the supply and demand will be unstable, which will directly affect the operation rate of the facility. Therefore, if gasification of various combustible materials such as waste, molded fuel, . That is, the economical efficiency of the gasification apparatus can be improved by using various types of fuel using a single apparatus.

However, the fuels have different characteristics and require additional equipment. For example, when gasification of biomass occurs, tar is generated, so additional equipment and space must be secured to purify it in the downstream process.

Korean Patent No. 10-1123388 (registered on Feb. 27, 2012, hereinafter referred to as 'Citation 1') proposed a device for producing syngas using a rice husk, one of the biomass. Reference 1 refers to a feeder for feeding rice hulls; A gasifier for pyrolyzing and burning the supplied rice husk in a downward flow to produce a syngas; And a cyclone separating the foreign matters from the syngas. Particularly, the gasifier is composed of a cylinder and is a perforated plate in which rice husks are laminated, and a scraper is installed in the grate.

Korean Patent No. 10-1218976 (registered by Dec. 29, 2012, hereinafter referred to as 'Reference Document 2') proposed a gasification apparatus having a variable gasifier so as to perform gasification by upflow or downflow.

The above-mentioned Cited Documents 1 and 2 propose a method for removing tar generated in the pyrolysis process so as to advance the gasifier downward to burn the tar generated in the pyrolysis.

However, since the tar is burned while descending like the biomass, the supplied gasifying agent can not be supplied as much as necessary for the burning of the tar, so that the tar can not be completely combusted and can be discharged to the synthesis gas and discharged. There is a problem that the amount of syngas produced due to the activation of combustion is reduced by increasing the feed amount of the gasifying agent. Therefore, researches on alternatives that can increase the combustion of tar while maintaining the supply amount of the gasifying agent constantly are needed.

Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1123388 (registered on Feb. 27, 2012): rice husk gasifier Korean Registered Patent No. 10-1218976 (Registered on Dec. 29, 2012): Gasification Apparatus for Combining Power Generation and Combustion Boiler with Variable Gasifier and Operation Method Thereof

In order to solve the above problems, the fixed bed gasifier having the tar-

It is an object of the present invention to provide a device capable of increasing the burning rate of tar by allowing the tar component generated in the pyrolysis layer to be sucked and supplied to the combustion layer together with the gasifying agent in a region where the amount of the gasifying agent is distributed.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a gasifier having an improved structure capable of minimizing the amount of energy consumed in the course of the synthesis gas production by causing the synthesis gas stream discharged in the gasifier to preheat the low- The purpose.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fixed bed gasifier comprising:

CLAIMS 1. A gasifier for producing syngas by downflow using a low grade fuel including biomass, low grade coal and waste, comprising: a hopper for storing low grade fuel; A plurality of combustion holes for supplying a gasifying agent are formed on a lower side of the hopper, and a gasification layer is formed on the upper side of the hopper, A gasification tube for forming a pyrolysis layer, a drying layer, and further forming a pyrolysis hole communicating with the pyrolysis layer to discharge tar from the pyrolysis layer; A space portion spaced a certain distance between the inner wall of the main tube and the outer surface of the support inner tube is formed, A synthetic gas discharge port for discharging the syngas discharged to the lower end of the gasification tube, a support body formed with a collection chamber for storing the synthetic resin in the inner lower space, and a reservoir outlet formed at the lower end; And the tar component discharged into the pyrolysis hole of the gasification tube is supplied to the combustion through hole as a space sealed between the inner surface of the support inner tube and the outer surface of the gasification tube so that the inner surface of the support inner tube and the outer surface of the gasification tube are spaced apart, chamber; And a gasifying agent supply pipe in which a nozzle for supplying a gasifying agent to the inner combustion layer through a combustion hole of the gasifying tube is disposed.

The gasification tube may have an expanded narrowed portion with an inner diameter gradually reduced at the lower portion of the combustion hole so that the gasifying agent is uniformly mixed with the biomass at the upper portion of the narrowed portion so that the combustion can be performed.

In addition, the gasification tube is formed as a double tube to form a heat exchange chamber between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the outer tube has a heat exchange inlet and a heat exchange outlet for introducing and discharging the high temperature synthesis gas discharged to the synthesis gas outlet of the support body And the heat exchange chamber may be provided with a plurality of partitions to extend the length of the flow path of the high-temperature synthesis gas moving in the heat exchange chamber.

The gasifying agent supply pipe is branched into a plurality of pipes, and the branched pipe is heat exchanged with the syngas which is wound on the outer surface of the support inner tube several times and moved to the syngas discharge port so that the gasifying agent is preheated.

In addition, a scrubber that receives motor power and rotates about the center axis of the support body is further provided in the lower butylene collection chamber of the support body, so that the scraper rotates to discharge the slide body to the slide discharge outlet.

The fixed bed gasifier of the present invention by the above-

It is possible to eliminate or reduce the purification process for removing tar to remove the tar component generated in the syngas production process as much as possible, thereby simplifying the size of the apparatus.

In addition, it is possible to utilize the heat generated from the gasifier such as the heat exchange between the synthesis gas discharged from the gasifier and the low-grade fuel and the gasifying agent, thereby maximizing the amount of energy produced by the gasifier It is possible to provide.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gasifier in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the main part of a gasifier equipped with an improved gasification tube according to the present invention;
3 is a schematic perspective view showing an example in which a gasifier is installed in a gasification tube formed by a double pipe according to the present invention.
4 is a schematic sectional view showing another example of the installation of the gasifying agent supply pipe according to the present invention.
5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a collection-material collecting chamber in which a scrubber according to the present invention is installed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only the contents and scope of technology of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention based on these examples.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a gasifier according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

As described above, the gasifier 10 according to the present invention includes a hopper 20 for storing a low-grade fuel, a gasification pipe 30 for receiving a low-grade fuel from the hopper and gasifying the gasifier 30, , A tar conveying chamber (50) for transferring tar generated in the pyrolysis layer of the gasification tube to the combustion layer, and a gasifying agent supply pipe (50) for supplying a gasifying agent to burn the gasifying tube 60).

Low-grade fuels are biomass, low-grade coal, and fuels containing combustible waste.

The hopper 20 can be provided with a lid on the upper part thereof for storing a large amount of low-grade fuel, and a grinding device can be installed in the hopper to reduce the size of the injected low-grade fuel. So that the low-grade fuel can be supplied when necessary.

The gasification pipe 30 is a vertical pipe communicating with the lower end of the hopper. The low-grade fuel stored in the hopper can be supplied by a screw feeder. However, the gasification pipe 30 is supplied by the weight of the lower fuel so as to minimize power consumption. .

A grate (37) is provided at the lower end of the gasification tube so as to stack the low-grade fuel. A thermally decomposable through-hole (32) is formed in the middle portion and a combustion through hole (31) is formed in the middle portion between the thermally decomposed through- In the combustion through hole, air as a gasifying agent is supplied to the inside to burn low-grade fuel, so that a gasification layer in which a combustion layer is formed in a portion where the combustion hole is formed and a gasification layer in which gasification is performed is formed under the combustion layer And a pyrolysis layer and a drying layer, which are indirectly transferred to the combustion layer and indirectly receiving the heat of the combustion layer, are pyrolyzed and dried, are sequentially formed.

A plurality of combustion holes 31 may be formed along the periphery of the gasification pipe or may be formed in a ring shape so that the gasification pipe may be divided into an upper part and a lower part around the combustion through hole. The through hole 32 may be provided with a mesh, which is a multi-mesh network, to block the discharge of the low-grade fuel.

The pyrolysis through holes 32 are communicated with the pyrolysis layer and can be formed in plural numbers along the periphery of the gasification pipe. The pyrolysis holes 32 suck and discharge the tar components generated during thermal decomposition of the low-grade fuel. It is possible by the negative pressure of tar conveying chamber and gasification tube.

Next, the support main body 40 includes a main pipe 41 and a support inner pipe 42 inserted into the upper portion of the main pipe.

The main tube 41 and the support inner tube 40 are formed in different diameters and are opened in an upper portion. A fixed plate is coupled to the inner tube to seal and fix the inner tube or the gasification tube to the opened tube, .

Since the main tube and the support inner tube are formed with different diameters, the space portion 43 is formed at a distance between the inner surface of the main tube wall and the outer surface of the support inner tube at the time of engagement, A body collecting chamber 45 for storing the material is formed in the lower space of the supporting tube inside the main tube and a material discharge port 46 is formed at the lower end of the main tube.

In addition, the support inner pipe 40 is formed with a through hole at the lower part thereof, and the grate 37 of the gasification pipe inside the gasification pipe is exposed as a through hole at the lower portion of the support pipe, and the gasification inside the gasification pipe is completed, And the syngas produced in the gasification tube 30 is discharged to the synthesis gas discharge port 44 through the ash collection chamber 45 and the space portion 43. [

The tar conveying chamber 50 is a sealed space formed by forming a larger diameter of the support inner tube 42 than the diameter of the gasifying tube 30 and is a space between the inner surface of the support inner tube and the outer surface of the gasification tube.

The tar conveying chamber is communicated with the inside of the gasification tube by the pyrolysis through hole 32 and the combustion through hole 31 of the gasification tube and generates negative pressure so that the downflow gasification is performed therein, The generated tar component and syngas are introduced into the tar conveying chamber 50 and then to the lower combustion hole 31. This flow is caused by the difference in suction force due to the negative pressure since the tar conveying chamber is an empty space without resistance and the gasification pipe between the thermal cracking and burning holes is a space where the low-grade fuel is stacked.

As described above, the tar component is bypassed and supplied to the combustion layer through the combustion through holes because the gasifying pipe 30 of the present invention is supplied with the gasifying agent through the combustion through hole 31, Component to provide combustion of the tar component prior to the lower fuel, thereby removing or minimizing the tar component contained in the final discharged syngas.

The tar conveying chamber 50 is filled with refractory to fill the lower space where the combustion through hole 31 is formed, so that the tar component flows into the gasification tube through the combustion hole, or the low-grade fuel discharged through the combustion hole or the pyrolysis hole It is possible to prevent stacking.

The gasifying agent supply pipe 60 supplies a gasifying agent from the outside into the gasification tube. Typically, air is used as a gasifying agent. A nozzle 61 is disposed in the combustion hole to supply a gasifying agent into the gasification tube, Layer. It is preferable that the amount of the gasifying agent supplied at this time is controlled so that the low-grade fuel is not completely burned so that the gasification is performed.

2, the inner diameter of the gasification pipe 30 may be gradually reduced below the combustion hole to form an enlarged narrowed portion 33.

So that the gasifying agent is uniformly mixed with the low-grade fuel at the upper portion of the narrow portion, so that combustion is performed not only at the portion near the nozzle of the gasifying tube but also at the center of the gasifying tube.

Referring to FIG. 2, the upper part of the gasification tube 30 is formed as a double tube so that a heat exchange chamber 36 is formed between the inner tube 34 and the outer tube 35.

A heat exchanging inlet 351 and a heat exchanging outlet 352 are formed on one side and the other side of the outer tube 35 and the high temperature syngas discharged into the syngas outlet 44 of the supporting body is passed through a heat exchange inlet 351, (36), and then discharged through the heat exchange discharge port (352).

In the process of moving the high-temperature syngas through the heat exchange chamber 36, the low-grade fuel stacked inside the gasification pipe 30 is preheated and moisture can be evaporated and removed, thereby increasing the production of syngas, The energy consumption during operation can be minimized by making the most of the heat generated.

The heat exchange chamber 36 may be formed in the entire gasification tube 30, but in the combustion chamber portion of the gasification tube, a heat loss is generated from inside the gasification tube to the inside of the heat exchange chamber, So as to form a heat exchange chamber by a double tube in the lamination region of the low-grade fuel which forms a temperature lower than the temperature of the syngas moved to the heat exchange chamber so as to be formed from the upper portion of the intermediate portion .

A plurality of partition walls 361 may be provided in the heat exchange chamber 36 to extend the length of the flow path of the high-temperature synthesis gas moving therein.

As shown in FIG. 3, the heat exchange chamber 36 in the gasification pipe 30 is provided with a rectangular partition wall 361 having a lower portion opened at the heat exchange inlet 351, And the syngas introduced into the heat exchange inlet is moved downward to pass through the through hole at the lower end of the partition wall and then to the adjacent space and is discharged through the upper heat exchange outlet 352 while moving upward, So that the heat exchange time can be increased.

The partition wall structure is for designing the flow path so that the lower part of the heat exchange chamber is also heat-exchanged as the lower part of the gasification tube of the present invention is partially inserted into the support body and the heat exchange inlet is formed in the middle part of the gasification tube.

Therefore, if the heat exchange inlet is provided to connect the lower portion of the heat exchange chamber of the gasification tube and the space portion of the support body, various lengths of the passage can be increased by applying diverse barriers such as a zigzag- A plurality of zigzag or spiral ribs may be additionally formed in the region where the syngas passes through the lower portion of the rectangular partition wall 361 to increase the flow path length.

A gasifying agent supply pipe 60 for supplying a gasifying agent into the gasification tube is divided into a plurality of branches so that the gasifying agent is supplied into the gasification tube by a plurality of nozzles 61 along the periphery of the gasification tube 30, 4, the branched gasifying agent supply tube is wound several times into the support inner tube 42 or the space portion 43 of the support body to exchange heat with the gasifying agent supply pipe while the high-temperature synthesis gas moving to the synthesis gas discharge port is moved, You can have the topic preheated. By preheating the gasifying agent in this way, the temperature of the gasifying agent supplied to the gasifying tube can be increased to prevent the heat loss of the gasifying tube due to the supply of the conventional low temperature gasifying agent.

5, a lower washer collecting chamber 45 of the support main body 40 may further include a scrubber 452 to prevent excessive accumulation of the ash. For example, a rotary shaft 451 is installed at the center of the support body, and the rotation shaft is rotated by receiving power from an external motor M, and a scrubber 452 is installed on the rotary shaft, To the waste material discharge port (46).

Briefly explaining the operating state of the low-grade fuel gasifier constructed as described above,

When the low-grade fuel is stored in the hopper 20 so that the low-grade fuel is stacked on the gasification pipe 30 and the gasifying agent is supplied through the gasifying agent supply pipe 60 and burned, the gasification tube is discharged from the gasification layer, A thermal decomposition layer and a drying layer are formed.

The tar generated in the pyrolysis process of the pyrolysis layer flows into the tar conveying chamber 50 through the pyrolysis hole 32 and is supplied to the gasifying agent supply region through the combustion through hole 31 so that the tar is burned in a rich state, Thereby inducing complete combustion of the fuel.

The high-temperature synthesis gas produced by pyrolysis and gasification in the gasification tube 30 is discharged to the syngas discharge port 44 through the space portion 43 of the support main body 40, Heat exchange with the gasifying agent supply pipe (60) is carried out to preheat the gasifying agent supplied to the gasifying tube, thereby minimizing the heat loss of the gasifying tube (30) by supplying the gasifying agent.

The high-temperature syngas discharged into the syngas outlet 44 flows into the heat exchange chamber 36 through the heat exchange inlet 351 of the gasification tube and flows through the heat exchange chamber in the course of moving the heat exchange chamber to heat the low- So that the low-grade fuel is pre-heated to facilitate drying and pyrolysis.

In addition, the materials stacked in the material collecting chamber 45 of the support main body can be guided by the scrubber 452 and discharged to the material discharge port 46, thereby preventing excessive stacking.

The gasifier operating in this way can be applied to small-scale power plants installed in low-fuel production areas, which can increase the production of syngas while minimizing energy consumption, maximize utilization of its own heat for production, Is a useful device having a structure that can be easily made.

10: Gasifier
20: Hopper
30: Gasification pipe
31: Combustion hole 32: Thermal cracking
33: narrow section 34: inner pipe
35: Appearance 36: Heat exchange chamber
37: Great
351: Heat exchange inlet port 352: Heat exchange outlet port
361:
40: Support body
41: main tube 42: support inner tube
43: space part 44: syngas outlet
45: collection material collection chamber 46:
451: rotating shaft 452: scrubber
50: tar conveying chamber
60: Gasification agent supply pipe
61: Nozzle
M: Motor

Claims (6)

1. A gasifier for producing syngas by downflow using a low grade fuel including biomass, low grade coal and waste,
A hopper for storing low-grade fuel;
A plurality of combustion holes for supplying a gasifying agent are formed on a lower side of the hopper, and a gasification layer is formed on the upper side of the hopper, A gasification tube for forming a pyrolysis layer, a drying layer, and further forming a pyrolysis hole communicating with the pyrolysis layer to discharge tar from the pyrolysis layer;
A space portion spaced a certain distance between the inner wall of the main tube and the outer surface of the support inner tube is formed, A synthetic gas discharge port for discharging the syngas discharged to the lower end of the gasification tube, a support body formed with a collection chamber for storing the synthetic resin in the inner lower space, and a reservoir outlet formed at the lower end;
And the tar component discharged into the pyrolysis hole of the gasification tube is supplied to the combustion through hole as a space sealed between the inner surface of the support inner tube and the outer surface of the gasification tube so that the inner surface of the support inner tube and the outer surface of the gasification tube are spaced apart, chamber; And
And a gasifying agent supply pipe in which a nozzle for supplying a gasifying agent to the inner combustion layer through a combustion hole of the gasifying tube is disposed. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the gasification tube has an inner diameter gradually reduced at the lower portion of the combustion hole to form an expanded narrow portion so that the gasifying agent is uniformly mixed with the lower fuel at the upper portion of the narrow portion to perform combustion. The method according to claim 1,
The gasification pipe is formed by a double pipe at an upper portion of a portion where the combustion through hole is formed so that a heat exchange chamber is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe and heat exchange is performed in the outer pipe for introducing and discharging the high temperature synthesis gas discharged to the synthesis gas outlet of the support main body And an inlet and a heat exchange outlet are formed to transfer heat to the low-grade fuel moved to the inside of the inner tube. The method of claim 3,
Wherein the heat exchange chamber is provided with a plurality of partitions to extend the length of the flow path of the hot syngas moving therein. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the gasifying agent supply pipe is branched into a plurality of pipes, and the branched pipe is heat exchanged with the syngas which is wound on the outer surface of the support inner tube several times and moved to the syngas exhaust port so as to preheat the gasifying agent. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the lower support material collecting chamber of the support main body is further provided with a scrubber rotatable about a center axis of the support main body and receiving the motor power to rotate the scrubber to discharge the ash into the ash discharge port.

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